过去式has和had的用法_百度知道
过去式has和had的用法
although peter（）a lot of alcohol he still managed to rea肌肌岗旧瞢搅哥些工氓ch his housea'drankb'had drankc'has drankd'had drink
has是现在式，had是过去式
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出门在外也不愁英语学习你我他--南昌宋老师工作室
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情态动词的用法
上传: 应芳 &&&&更新时间： 23:20:33
一、情态动词的特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化。
2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will & would , can & could , may& might ,& dare & dared
二、情态动词的否定式:
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。
1. can , be able to&&& be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。
1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力;
2). 表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.& (nmet 97 )
a. had to&b. would&&c. could&&&d. was able to
2) -will you stay for lunch?&&&
-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me. (nmet99)
a. i mustn't&&&b. i can't&c. i needn't&d. i won't
2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?
-no, you mustn't.&& ( yes, you may.)
2) -might i make a suggestion?&&& -yes, you may.
1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须&&&&&
2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to&&&& 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to
3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?
-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )
4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) she must be in the classroom now.
6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (nmet 94)
a. mustn't&&&&&& b. shouldn't&&&&& c. can't&&&&& d. may not
1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。
1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn&t.
-shall he turn down the radio a bit?& -
yes, please.(no, please don't.)
2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.
3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
a. does he&&b. doesn't he&&c. will he&d. isn't he
5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?
a. won't we&&&&&& b. will we&&&&&
c. don't we&&&&&& d. shall we
5. should&&& 应该 ; 应当
1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) you should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?&
a. do youb. will you&&&c. can you&d. could you
-will you come with me?&& -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)
(2) -would you tell us something about yourself?& -yes, i will.
(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.
a. i don't&&&&&&& b. i won't&&&&&&& c. i can't&&&&&& d. i haven't
7. ought to&&& 应该; 应当
1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) she ____ for what she has done.
a. ought to praise&&&&b. ought be praised
c. ought to have praised&&d. ought to be praised
8. dare&& 1. dare to come&&&&& 2. dare come
1) he dare not tell the truth.
2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) i don't know whether he ____ try.
a. dare&b. needs&&c. wants&&d. is allowed
1). 作为情态动词:必须&&&&&
2). 作为实义动词: 需要
a.主语是人& need( to be done by somebody)&
b. 主语是事物&&& need ( to be done)
1) -do they need to take any books with them?
-no, they don't need to.
2) -need we buy any new equipment?&&&& -no, we needn't.
3) this farm tool needs repairing.
this farm tool needs to be repaired.&&
4) -shall i tell john about it ?&&
&- no, you ___ . i've told him already.
a. needn't&&&& b. wouldn't&&&&&
c. mustn't&&&&& d. shouldn't
5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.
a. can't&&&&&&& b. mustn't&&&&&&&
c. needn't&&&&&& d. may not
情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点
1. can(could) + have + 过去分词
2. can't (couldn't) + have + 过去分词&&&
3. must + have + 过去分词
4. may (might) + have + 过去分词&&&&&&&&
5. needn't + have + 过去分词
6. should (ought to) + have + 过去分词
7. shouldn't (oughtn't to) + have + 过去分词
1). can (could) they have completed their work so soon?
2) she can't (couldn't) have make a mistake.
3) since the ditch is full of water , it ____ (rain) last night.
4) he said that she might have misunderstood him.
练习.情态动词
1. she passed me in the street without speaking, she ____ me.
a. can't see&&&&&&&&&&&b. can't have seen
c. shouldn't have seen&d. shouldn't see
2. -they were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
-it ___ a comfortable journey.
a. can't be&&&& b. shouldn't be
c. mustn't have been&&d. couldn't have been
3. he ____ you more help even though he was very busy.
a. might have given&&& b. might give
c. may have given& d. may give
4. she quickened her pace in order that she ____ with the others.
a. may catch up&&&&&&&b. might catch up
c. could have caught up&d. might have caught up
5. there was plenty of time, she ____ .
a. mustn't have hurried&&b. couldn't have hurried
c. must not hurry&&&&&d. needn't have hurried
6. i didn't hear the phone, i ____ asleep.
a. must be&&&&&& b. must have been&&&&
c. should be&&& d. should have been
7. he was a good runner so he ____ escape from the police.
a. might&&&&&& b. succeeded&&&&&&
c. would&&&&&&& d. was able to
8. we ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
a. must have studied& b. might study
c. should have studied& d. would study
9. the young man has made so much noise that he ____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
a. could&b. must&&&c. wouldd. should
10. a solider got him out of danger. he ____ hurt.
a. may not&&&& b. can have got&&
c. might have got&&&&& d. might get
11. -could i use your pen?&&&&&
-yes, of course you ____ .
a. must&b. could&c. cand. might
12. johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you __ hurt yourself.
a. won't; can't&&b. mustn' may&
c. shouldn' must&d. can' shouldn't
13. sir, you ___ be sitting in this waiting room. it is for this woman and children only.
a. oughtn't to&&&&&& b. can't&&&&&
c. won't&&&& d. needn't
14. i ____ tell her the truth.
a. cannot help&&& b. can't but&&&&
c. may not help&&&& d. could but
15. i have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. that's why i ____ wait until the rain stops.
a. must&b. should&c. ought to&d. have to
16. a traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver ____ .
a. may hurt&&&&& b. may be hurting
c. may have been hurt&&d. may be hurt
17. a dog ran in front of my mother's car and she ____ stop very quickly.
a. ought to&&&& b. had better&&&&
c. must&&&&& d. had to
18. - i stayed at a hotel while in new york .
&-oh , did you ? you ____ with barbara . (nmet98)
a. could have stayed&&&&& b. could stay
c. would stay&&&&& d. must have stayed
19. the plant is dead. i ___ it more water.
a. will give&&&&&&& b. would have given
c. must give&&d. should have given
20. a computer ___ it must be told what to do.
a. can't&&&&&& b. couldn't&&&&&&&
c. may not&&&&&&&& d. might not&
21. it's nearly seven o' clock. jack ___ be here at any moment.
a. must&&&b. need&&& c. should. can
22. tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
a. have told&&&&& b. tell&&&&&&&
c. be telling&&&& d. having told
23. -alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ?
-but i fed it yesterday.
a. do you&&&&&& b. will you&&&&&
c. didn't you&&&&& d. don't you
24. -do you think i could borrow your dictionary?&
a. yes, you may borrow&&&b. yes, you could
c. yes, help yourself&&&d. yes, go on
25. i was really anxious about you . you ____home without a word.(01高考题)
a. mustn't leave&&b. shouldn't have left
c. couldn't have left&d. needn't leave
1-5 bdabd&& 6-10 bdcdc&& 11-15 cbabd&&
16-20 cdada&&& 21-25 caacb
2006全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词试题
1 a(全国卷i）24. there's no light on -- they______ be at home.
&a. can't&&&b. mustn't&c. needn'td. shouldn't
2 (全国卷2)10. we hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.
a. need b. must c. should&&& d. can
3 (北京卷)25. -- what's the name?
--khulaifi. _______ i spell that for you?
a. shall& b. would&&c. can d. might
4 (上海春)26. you know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the work done.
a. can't&&& b. may not&
c. shouldn'td. mustn't
5 (天津卷)11. we&&&&&&& have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
a. needn't&&&&& b. may not&
c. shouldnd. mustn't
6 (四川卷)32. ---is jack on duty today?
---it ________ be him. it's his turn tomorrow.
a. mustn't&&&&&&&& b. won't&&&&&&&&
c. can't&&&&&& d. needn't
7 (江西卷)24．the weather turned out to be fine yesterday．i _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．
a．should have taken&&&& b．could have taken&
c．needn't have taken&d. mustn't have taken
8 (陕西卷)19.as you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this morning.
a. mayn't&&&&&&& b. can't&&&&&&
c. mustn't&&&&&&& d. needn't
9 (福建卷)27.if it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, i would invite her to the party.
a. couldn't&&&&&&& b. shouldn't&&&
c. can't&&&&&& d. might not
10 (湖北卷)31. __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be&&b. should you be&&
c. could you be&&d. might you be
11 (湖南卷)32.some aspects of a pilot's job ________ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours.
a. have to&&&b. can&&&&
c. may&d. must
12 (江苏卷)21. --- i think i'll give bob a ring.
--- you _______. you haven't been in touch with him for ages.
a. will b. may c. have to d. should
13 (广东卷)22. -- must he come to sign this paper himself?
&-- yes, he___.
a. need&&&b. must&&c. may&d. will
14 (浙江卷)19. --- could i have a word with you, mum?
--- oh dear, if you ________.
a. can b. must c. may d. should
15 (山东卷)30. --may i smoke here ?
--if you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
a. should&& b. could&& c. may&& d. must
1-10 adcab ccdcb 11-15 adbbd
本资料来源于《七彩教育网》
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳&&情态动词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
&&& 1. &mike is often absent from class.& &tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.&
&&& a. shall&&&&&&&&&&&& b. will
&&& c. would&&&&&&&&&&&& d. can
&&& 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
&&& 【分析】最佳答案选a.shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
&&& （1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：
&&& shall i help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？
&&& shall i open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？
&&& （2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如：
&&& you shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）
&&& each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）
&&& you shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）
&&& 请做以下试题（答案均选 shall）：
&&& （1） &i promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.& &will it be a great surprise to her？&
&&& a. should&&&&&&&&&&&& b. must
&&& c. would&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. shall
&&& 2. you _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
&&& a. cannot&&&&&&&&&&&& b. shouldn&t
&&& c. mustn&t&&&&&&&&&& d. needn&t
&&& 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
&&& 【分析】最佳答案选a.cannot&too&是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为&不可能太&&，无论怎样&&也不算过分，越&&越&&&。如：
&&& you can&t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
&&& you can&t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。
&&& we cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
&&& a woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
&&& 注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：
&&& it is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。
3. &is john coming by train？& &he should, but he _____ not. he likes driving his car.&
&&& a. must&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. can
&&& c. need&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. may
&&& 【陷阱】可能误选b或c.
&&& 【分析】最佳答案为d.may 表推测，may not 意为&可能不（会坐火车来）&。句中的 he should 为 he should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 he likes driving his car，便可决定此题选d.注意，不能选b，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
&&& 4. &i heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.& &it ____ true because there was little snow there.&
&&& a. may not be&&&&&&& b. won&t be
&&& c. couldn&t be&&&&& d. mustn&t be
&&& 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
&&& 【分析】此题最佳答案为c，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然&没下什么雪&，那么&滑雪&就应是&不可能&，所以选 couldn&t be，即选c.
&&& 5. &do you think he is lazy？& &i _____ so once, but i don&t now.&
&&& a. may have thought&&&&&&& b. can have thought
&&& c. may think&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. might think
&&& 答案选a.从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思&曾经这样想过&，即对过去情况作推测，故应用&情态动词+动词完成式&；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选a.请看类例：
&&& their answers are exactly the same & one of them ______ from the other.
&&& a. must copy&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. must have copied
&&& c. should copy&&&&&&&&&&&& d. should have copied
&&& 答案选b，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明&抄袭&已经发生，故用&情态动词+动词完成式&，根据句意，应选b而不能选d.
&&& 6. you _____ be right, but i don&t think you are.
&&& a. can&&&&& b. could&&&&&& c. must&&&&&& d. should
&&& 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看，c、d不宜选，在剩下的a和b中，许多同学想当然地选了a，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是b而不是a.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选b.注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接&be （get, seem, become）＋形容词&，表示&有时会&、&时常会&等。如：my father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
&&& 1. &i thought you wouldn&t mind.& &well, as a matter of fact i don&t, but you _____ me first.&
&&& a. should ask&&&&&&&&&&&& b. should have asked
&&& c. must ask&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. must have asked
&&& 2. &i called you yesterday. a woman answered, but i didn&t recognize her voice.& &oh, it _____ my aunt jean.&
&&& a. must be&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. must have been
&&& c. might be&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. can have been
&&& 3. th i ______.
&&& a. might be killed&&&&&&& b. might have been killed
&&& c. may be killed&&&&&&&&& d. may been killed
&&& 4. it&s a very kind offer, but i really _____ accept it.
&&& a. mustn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. needn&t
&&& c. can&t&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. don&t
&&& 5. the police still haven&t found her, but they&re doing all they _____.
&&& a. may&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. can
&&& c. must&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. will
&&& 6. you _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
&&& a. needn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. mightn&t
&&& c. mustn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. won&t
&&& 7. you _____ he knew it already.
&&& a. needn&t tell&&&&&&&&& b. needn&t have told
&&& c. mightn&t tell&&&&&&&& d. mightn&t have told
&&& 8. as she&s not here, i suppose she _____ home.
&&& a. must go&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. must have gone
&&& c. might go&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. might be going
&&& 9. are you still here？ you ______ home hours ago.
&&& a. should go&&&&&&&&&&&& b. should have gone
&&& c. might go&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. may have gone
10. &i called you yesterday. a woman answered, but i didn&t recognize her voice.& &oh, it _____ my aunt jean.&
&&& a. must be&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. must have been
&&& c. might be&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. can have been
&&& 11. i _______ have met him a long time ago. both his name and face are very familiar.
&&& a. may&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. can
&&& c. would&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. should
&&& 13.&shall we go shopping？& &sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.&
&&& a. mustn&t　　&&&&&&&&& b. needn&t
&&& c. can&t&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. shouldn&t
&&& 14. they often go to the restaurants for meals. they _____ be very poor.
&&& a. mustn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. can&t
&&& c. may not&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. needn&t
&&& 15. i didn&t see her in the meeting room this morning. she ______ have spoken at the meeting.
&&& a. mustn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. shouldn&t
&&& c. needn&t&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. couldn&t
&&& 17. he ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
&&& a. might fail&&&&&&&&&&& b. must have failed
&&& c. should fail&&&&&&&&&& d. could have failed
&&& 18. &why didn&t she come to the meeting yesterday？& &i&m not so sure. she ______ ill.&
&&& a. should be&&&&&&&&&&&& b. should have been
&&& c. must be&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. might have been
19. why did you just sit and watch？ you _______ me.
&&& a. could help&&&&&&&&&&& b. should help
&&& c. could have helped&&&& d. must have helped
&&& 20. &you ______ your teacher for help. he is kind-hearted.& &yes. a whole day _______.&
&&& a. can ask, will waste
&&& b. must have asked, had wasted
&&& c. could have asked, was wasted
&&& d. shouldn&t have asked, would be wasted
&&& 21. &is there a flight to london this evening？& &there _______ be. i&ll phone the airport and find it out.&
&&& a. must&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. might
&&& c. would&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. can
&&& 22. &show me your permit, please.& &oh, it&s not in my pocket. it ______.&
&&& a. might fall out&&&&&&&&&&& b. could fall out
&&& c. should have fallen out&&& d. must have fallen out
&&& 23. &look at these tracks. it _______ be a wolf.& &don&t be so sure. i think it _______ be a fox.&
&&& a. could&&&&&&& b. might
&&& c. must&&&&&&&& d. need
&&& 25. &did jim come？& &i don&t know. he _______ while i was out.&
&&& a. might have come&&&& b. might come
&&& c. mush have come&&&&& d. should have come
◆答案与解析◆
&&& 1. 选b，should 后接动词完成式表示&本来应该做某事，结果未做&，此处含有责备之意。
&&& 2. 选b，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用&情态动词 + 动词完成式&，再根据句意，可确定答案为b.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
&&& 3. 选b，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用& may [might] + 动词完成式，如 he may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
&&& 4. 选c.由句意可知。
&&& 5. 选b，do all one can 意为&尽力&或&竭尽全力&。
&&& 6. 选c，mustn&t 在此相当于 can&t，且语气更强。
&&& 7. 选b，&needn&t + 动词完成式&的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是&你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他（当时）已经知道了&。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。
&&& 8. 选b，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为&一定已经做了某事&。
&&& 9. 选b，should 后接动词完成式表示&本来应该做某事，结果未做&。
&&& 10. 选b，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用&情态动词 + 动词完成式&，再根据句意，可确定答案为b.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
&&& 12. 选a.may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为&可能曾经&。
&&& 13. 选c.根据上下文的语境推知。can&t 意为&不能&。
&&& 14. 选b.根据上下文的语境推知。can&t 表推测，意为&不不能&。
&&& 16. 选d.couldn&t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为&过去不可能发生过某情况&。
17. 选a.根据下文的 will be 可知，&他考试再不及格&是将来的事，据此可排除b和d.再根据语意，排除c.
&&& 18. 选d.从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除a和c.从语境上看，既然上文说 i&m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选d.
&&& 19. 选c.根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除a和c.根据语境排除d.
&&& 20. 选c.couldn&t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。
&&& 21. 选b.根据下文的 i&ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might.若选a，语气太强，不合语境；若选d，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
&&& 22. 选d.既然&通行证现在不在口袋里&，那么它&掉出去&应发生在过去，故排除a和b.比较选项c和d所表示的意思，选d更恰当。
&&& 24. 选a.根据 don&t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must.第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。
&&& 25. 选a.根据句中有关时态可知&他来&发生在过去，故排除b；根据 i don&t know 可知选项c语气太肯定，不合适；选项d的意思是&本来应该来&，与语境不合。
1 情态动词的语法特征
　1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
　2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
　3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
　4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
& 2 比较can 和be able to
1）can　could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
　they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
　 a. 位于助动词后。
　 b. 情态动词后。
　 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
　 d. 用于句首表示条件。
　 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
　　　he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.
　　= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
　　 --- could i have the television on?
　　 --- yes, you can. / no, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
　　　　 he couldn't be a bad man.　　
　　　　 他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
　　　　may god bless you!
　　　　he might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为&不妨&。
　　　 if that is the case, we may as well try.
　peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
　 a. must　　b. may　 c. can　 d. will
　答案b. 表可能性只能用may.　此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must&
1)　两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
　　my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
　　he said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2)　have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
he had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to　 表示&不必&
　　　　　　　　　　mustn't　　　　表示&禁止&，
　　 you don't have to tell him about it.　 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
　　 you mustn't tell him about it.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
　1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为&一定&。
　2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
　　　you have worked hard all day.you must be tired.　 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
　　　he must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
　　　 he must be staying there.　
　　　 他现在肯定呆在那里。
　　　 he must stay there.
　　　 他必须呆在那。
　3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
　　 i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.　我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
　4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
　　---why didn't you answer my phone call?
　　---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.
　5) 否定推测用can't。
　　 if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
　can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
　　表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
　　i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
　　表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
　　at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
　　这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
　　表示对过去情况的推测。
　　we would have finished this work by the end of next december.
　　明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
　　the road is wet. it must have rained last night.
　　地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
　　表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
　　your mother must have been looking for you.
　　你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
　　mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
　　迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
　注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth　表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
　　philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
　　philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2)　must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有&肯定&，&谅必&的意思。
　---linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
　---she must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
　　本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示&不该做某事而做了&。
　　you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
　　he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
　　ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth　 本没必要做某事
　　i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i　needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth　 本打算做某事　
　　i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to&
　　should 和ought to 都为&应该&的意思，可用于各种人称。
　　---ought he to go?
　　---yes. i think he ought to.
　　表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示&最好&
　　had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
　　had better do sth
　　had better not do sth
　　it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.
　　she'd better not play with the dog.
　　had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为&本来最好&。
　　you had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示&宁愿&
　would rather do
　would rather not do
　would rather& than&　 宁愿&&而不愿。
　还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示&宁愿&、&宁可&的意思。
　if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
　i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
----shall we go skating or stay at home?
----which ___ do?　　　　　
a. do you rather　　b. would you rather　 c. will you rather　 d. should you rather
答案b。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为&宁愿&，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选b。
11 will和would
　1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
　　 would you like to go with me?
　2）will you&?　would you like&? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
　　 would you like some cake?
　3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
　　 won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
　　 问句　　　肯定回答　　　　否定回答
need you&?　　yes, i must.　　　no,i needn't
must you&?　　　　　　　　　　　/don't have to.
1）---could i borrow your dictionary?
　　---yes, of course, you____.　
　 a. might　b. will　 c. can　 d. should
　 答案c.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---shall i tell john about it?
　　---no, you ___. i've told him already.　　
　 a. needn't　　b. wouldn't　　c. mustn't　　d. shouldn't
　 答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
　　---______.
　　a. i don't　 b.　i won't　 c. i can't　d. i haven't
　　答案b.　will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表&意愿、意志、决心&，本题表示决心，选b。
13 带to 的情态动词
　 带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
　 do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
　 she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
　 you ought not to have told her all about it.
　 ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
　 ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
　tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.　
　a.have told　b.tell　c.be telling　d. having told
　答案a。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。
14 比较need和dare
　 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need　（需要, 要求）
　　　　　　　 need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
　　need you go yet?
　　yes, i must. / no, i needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：　
　　need doing = need to be done
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