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北京市2012年职称英语免考条件（预告）
　　温馨提示：2012年报名预在11月底开始，很多考生会考虑自己是否有条件参加职称英语考试，2012年职称英语考试免考政策还没有公布，整理了最新职称考试免考条件供考生参考！（此信息仅供参考，请以官方公布原文为准） 北京职称英语全国等级考试免考条件 　　一、对经证明具有较高外语能力的专业技术人员，不参加。 　　1、具有国家认定的相应留学经历的； 　　2、出版过外文专著、译著的。 　　二、符合下列条件之一的专业技术人员，免于外语考试（含第二外语）。 　　1、从事具有中国特色、民族传统的临床中医药、民族医药、工艺美术、古籍整理、历史时期考古等专业技术工作的； 　　2、取得外语专业专科及以上学历的； 　　3、在乡镇以下基层单位从事专业技术工作的； 　　4、申报各系列初级职称的。 　　三、根据各系列（专业）的特点和岗位需要，符合下列条件之一的专业技术人员可持合格成绩或当年考试成绩申报职称评审，外语成绩作为参考要素。 　　1、经审核确认，能力业绩突出、在本行业本地区做出重要贡献的； 　　2、长期在野外从事农业、林业、水利、采矿、测绘、勘探等专业技术工作申报高级职称的。 　　四、申报职称的其它外语要求，仍按京人发〔2004〕96号文件精神执行。 　　本通知自2007年起执行。 　　相关阅读推荐：　　　　　　静汐
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内蒙古2012高考报名时间：12月15日-12月27日
来源：　 11:29:06　【】　
2012内蒙古自治区普通高校招生报名工作实施办法公布。
　　报名时间和方式
　　2012年内蒙古自治区报名工作采取网上预报名和考生信息确认同步进行的方式。网上报名分考生在网上预报名和到旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构照相确认信息两个环节。报名信息分为基础信息和报考信息两部分。基础信息包括考生姓名、性别、出生年月日、民族、政治面貌、户口所在地的代号、通讯地址、考生照片、考生笔迹等；报考信息包括考生报考类别、外语应试语种、考何种民族语言、考生照顾条件等。考生的基础信息和报考信息同时采集。
　　2012年普通高校招生考生的报名时间为：日上午8：30至日下午18：00。
　　考虑到部分考生（除艺术类和美工设计类考生）需要回户籍所在旗县照相确认信息的特殊情况，这部分考生需在统一报名时间完成网上预报名，待学校补课结束后在1月16日至1月17日专门安排两天照相确认信息时间，这时不再开放预报名功能。
　　报名的实施办法与步骤：
　　1、网上预报名
　　登录内蒙古招生考试信息网（网址：http://www.）填报本人的基本信息和报考信息，同时填写本人设置的登录密码完成网上预报名。
　　网上预报名结束，系统将为考生生成《考生预报名表》，由考生打印。考生思想政治品德考核按《内蒙古自治区普通高等学校招生思想政治品德考核工作实施办法（暂行）》进行。2012年，我区普通高校招生考生思想政治品德考核不单设表格，考生需持《考生预报名表》由所在学校或单位（往届生和无工作单位的社会考生交乡镇、街道办事处）对其填写内容真实性进行审核，对考生的政治态度、思想品德在《考生预报名表》上做出全面鉴定，并加盖公章，同时对其真实性负责。鉴定内容应完整、准确，评语要简明扼要，字数不得超过100个汉字。
　　评语分三类填写：
　　（1） 合格
　　（2） 不合格
　　有下列情形之一者，属于思想政治品德考核不合格：
　　①反对宪法所确定的基本原则的或参加邪教组织的；
　　②违反治安管理规定受到处罚，性质恶劣的。
　　（3）需要表述
　　对受过刑事处罚、治安管理行政处罚或违纪处分的考生，要提供所犯错误的事实、处理意见和本人对错误的认识及改正错误的现实表现等翔实材料，并对其真实性负责。
　　政审评语由旗县区招办在照相确认期间录入报名系统。
　　网上预报名注意事项：
　　(1)考生需要牢记本人设置的登录密码，为以后查询信息、修改信息、确认信息及网上填报志愿时使用。
　　(2)考生在预报名时一定要按网页上的说明，认真细致准确地填写每一项内容，特别是报考科类、外语语种、考何民族语言这三项决定了考生的考试科目,选择错误将会影响到考试及考试成绩计算。提交预报名信息时，系统会显示该考生已选择的考试科目，考生应仔细核对，若有误应返回系统重新修改，直到准确为止。考生身份证号关系到入学后学籍注册、户口迁移等环节工作的开展，考生要确保其准确无误，一经签字确认报名信息后不得更改。
　　(3)录入考生姓名时，如果其中的汉字在计算机的字库中不存在，则用同音字代替，并在同音字前加上半角的问号“?”。
　　(4)联系电话号码必须是能够联系到本人的电话号码，不得填写学校的电话号码。如果只留一个小灵通号码，则要分别填写在固定电话和手机号码栏内。
　　(5)考生类别中城镇应届、城镇往届指考生户口是非农业家庭户口，农村应届、农村往届指考生户口是农业家庭户口。
　　(6) 普文、普理、蒙文、蒙理、美术、音乐类考生的考试类型为"秋季统考"；
　　体育类考生若只报考运动训练民族传统体育不参加全国统一考试，其考试类型为"运动训练、民族传统体育"；
　　体育类考生既报考运动训练民族传统体育又准备参加全国统一考试，其考试类型为"秋季统考"；
　　高等职业院校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生各科类考生的考试类型为"高职班"；
　　五年制高职转段考生的考试类型为"三二分段"，并且须选择专科录取学校；
　　其他考试类型按指定要求选择。
　　(7) 学校报名指的是学校组织照相、确认信息,招办报名指的是旗县区招办组织照相、确认信息；应届毕业生在学校所在地完成正式报名的该项选择"学校报名",其余的选择"招办报名"。
　　“招办报名”和“学校报名”除了在报名过程中组织单位不一样,其他方面没有任何区别。
　　（8）体育类的考生在完成基本信息和报考信息的同时，还要选择体育专项测试项目，专项技术测试项目有：200米、400米、1500米、110米栏(男)、100米栏(女)、跳高、跳远、三级跳远(男)、铅球、铁饼、标枪、体操、足球(男)、篮球、排球、武术，每位考生任选其中一项作为测试专项。专项一经提交确认，不得更改。
　　（9）外地上学回户籍所在地旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构正式报名的考生，就读学校要组织好考生预报名工作，并对考生预报名表的内容进行审核，无误后填写政审意见并加盖公章，考生持就读学校签注政审意见并加盖公章的《考生预报名表》回户籍所在地旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构办理正式报名手续。
　　2、网上缴费
　　普通高校招生报名实施网上支付报考费的办法，考生需提前准备中国农业银行银行卡。
　　无中国农业银行（简称农行）的银行卡（指金穗借记卡或准贷记卡，也称金穗卡）的考生，需要到当地农行营业网点凭本人身份证办理，并存储一定金额的钱款用于网上缴纳报考费用。农行存折不支持网上缴纳报考费用。
　　通过农行实现网上缴纳报考费有两种方式：
　　a、网上银行：在农行营业网点开通网上银行，申请办理K宝证书或动态口令卡；
　　b、电子支付卡：自行登录农行网站免费开通电子支付卡。
　　相关使用说明详见中国农业银行网站。
　　特别提醒考生一定要提前办理，以防因农行营业网点储备的银行卡和用于网上银行的K宝证书、动态口令卡等相关介质不足，致使当次不能够成功办理，或者长时间排队等候。
　　网上支付成功后将接收到缴费成功的手机短信。考生未在规定时间内到旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构完成正式报名手续的或者因不符合报考条件取消报名资格的，一概不退款。
　　3、照相、确认考生信息
　　考生在报名期间，持本人二代身份证、户口簿原件、《考生预报名表》及相关证明材料到旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构，照相并确认本人基本信息和报考信息是否真实准确完整。应届毕业生的《考生预报名表》的相应栏目内要有其班主任的签名。旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构工作人员要在此期间将《考生预报名表》上的政审意见录入计算机。
　　在为考生照相确认信息时，由系统自动生成考生号，考生号作为考生的唯一标识，是报名时的各种统计、上报教育部的数据及考生信息查询的关键字。
　　考生号由14位数字组成，第1―2位是年份代码（如2012年的年份代码是12），第3―8位是地区代码（自治区、盟市、旗县各2位），第9位是考试类型代码（1 秋季统考、4 三二分段、6 职教师资、7 运动训练民族传统体育、8 高职班、9 单独考试）、第10位是科类代码，第11―14位是顺序号。
　　原则上对一个旗（县、区）来说，顺序号范围为，每位考生的顺序号不能重复。但是对于考生人数较多的旗（县、区），考生号后4位要分别按照同一科类（或考试科目相同的一组科类）后4位不重复来安排考生号。考生号是由系统根据设置的参数自动生成的。
　　科类代码与报考类别的对应关系如下：
　　高等职业院校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生各报考类别对应科类代码一律为9。
　　如：呼和浩特市新城区某考生参加2012年普通高校招生考试，报考普通理科,顺序号为0001，其科类代码为5（普通理科），考试类型代码为1（秋季统考），其考生号应为：“01”。如为单独考试则其考生号可变为“01”。
　　4、采集考生笔迹信息
　　在照相确认考生信息期间，旗县区招生考试机构要指导考生在《2012年内蒙古自治区普通高校招生考生体格检查表》的指定区域内按要求书写指定文字，用以采集考生本人的笔迹信息。考生报名结束后，对考生笔迹信息进行相应处理，将其按要求采集到计算机中作为考生基础信息，以便今后的相关核查比对。
　　5、各旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构要认真审查考生户口簿原件。父母双方或一方户口不在我区的考生，打印《2012年普通高校招生学籍审查表》，由考生网上预报名所填简历中高中阶段就读学校和该校教育行政主管部门审验学籍是否满两年（截至日）；截至日，考生户籍变更不足两年的，打印《2012年普通高校招生户籍审查表》，由公安部门通过户籍管理系统逐一审验；考生本人系少数民族而其父母亲均非少数民族的，各旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构要打印《2012年普通高校招生考生民族成份核查表》，由公安、民族等相关部门进行核查。
　　考生报名信息要与2009年高中学籍注册信息、往年的报名信息和公安系统的户籍信息进行校验。内蒙古招生考试信息网还将公示各学校应届毕业生报名数据，以接受社会监督。若发现有弄虚作假现象，可以向相关部门举报。自治区教育招生考试中心根据校验和检举情况，对需要重新审查报名资格的考生再进行资格审查。
　　6、旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构根据考生报名信息库中的数据，用激光打印机打印考生《报名登记表》、《外语口试成绩登记表》、《享受政策性照顾分数审核表》。其中《报名登记表》需由考生本人校对、确认签字。
　　旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构要认真审查考生基本信息和报考信息，包括户口所在地、民族、身份证号、政治面貌、毕业类别、毕业学校、外语语种、考何民语、考试类型、报考科类、考生类别、考生特征、本人简历、家庭主要成员信息等内容。
　　校对中发现的错误要及时修改，修改后再由考生本人校对、确认,直到全部信息正确为止。经考生本人校对、确认签字的《报名登记表》装入考生档案，《考生预报名表》留旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构保存备查。《考生报名登记表》一经签字确认,考生身份证号等考生信息一律不得更改。
　　本人校对、确认不认真或委托他人签字确认造成信息错误，影响考生参加考试、录取、入学注册等，责任自负。
　　7、凡报考美术类、音乐类、运动训练民族传统体育类的考生，必须凭我区统一发放的《专业考试准考证》到有关招生院校或其指定地点参加专业考试（简称校考）。其中，报考美术类的考生须先参加全区统考，只有统考成绩达到相应层次合格的考生才可以到准许举办美术类校考的区外院校参加相应校考；否则，院校美术类专业校考成绩一律不予承认。区内所有高校均不得对区内考生组织美术类校考，直接使用自治区统考成绩按有关要求进行录取。未持《专业考试准考证》参加校考的考生，招生院校一律不得安排其校考。
　　《专业考试准考证》在考生报名结束时发给考生，美术类考生的《2012年内蒙古自治区普通高校招生美术类专业统一考试座位通知单》由施考学校打印并加盖公章后于日前发放给考生本人。
　　8、参加高水平运动员、保送生、艺术特长生、自主招生录取考生须持旗（县、区）教育招生考试机构打印的《单独招生加试准考证》参加院校组织的加试，考生参加加试报名时一定要给学校提供考生号，录取院校在教育部阳光高考平台公示的信息中要包含考生号，否则不予认定。
　　9、盟市教育招生考试机构按照自治区教育招生考试中心规定的时间下载本盟市全部考生的报名信息。
　　盟市教育招生考试机构根据考生人数设置考场、制作考场设置数据库、编排考场。编排考场时生成考生座位号，考试时考生按《准考证》上指定的座位对号入座。
　　高等职业院校对口招收中等职业学校毕业生各科类考生均不得安排在职业中学参加考试。
　　盟市编排考场后，生成本盟市报名信息库，在规定的时间通过互联网报自治区教育招生考试信息中心。经教育招生考试信息中心验收合格后盟市教育招生考试机构方可打印考生《准考证》、桌签、座次表及各种统计表、册。
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2012年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案
【学易网校-2012年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案】：职称英语理工A：
一、词汇选项：
　　1. We almost&ran intoa Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.
　　A. overtook&B. hit&C. passed D. found
　　2. He shifted his position a little, in order to&alleviate&&the pain in his leg.
　　A. control&B. ease&C. experience D. suffer
　　3. Our aim was to&updatethe health service, and we succeeded.
　　A. offer B. provide C. fund&&D. modernize
　　4. Every week the magazine presents the&profile&of a well-known sports personality.
　　A. description&B. success C. evidence D. plan
　　5. All the flats in the building had the same&layout.
　　A. color B. size C. function&D. arrangement
　　6. Newborn babies can&discriminate&between a man’s and a woman’s voice.
　　A. treat B. express&C. distinguish&D. analyze
　　7. The weather was&crisp&and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.
　　A. hot B. heavy&C. fresh&D. windy
　　8. Nothing would&induceme to vote for him again.
　　A. teach B. help&C. attract&D. discourage
　　9. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist have a&peep.
　　A. chance&B. look&C. visit D. try
　　10. Her comments about men are&utterly&ridiculous.
　　A. slightly B. partly C. faintly&D. completely
　　11. He was&weary&of the constant battle between them.
　　A. fond B. proud&C. tired&D. afraid
　　12. She moves from one&exotic&location to another.
　　A. unusual&B. familiar C. similar D. proper
　　13. He has been granted&asylum&in France.
　　A. protection&B. power C. relief D. license
　　14. The photographs&evoked&memories of our
　　A. stored B. blocked C. erased&&D. refreshed
　　15. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
　　A. empty&B. big C. long D. new
二、阅读判断
　　Europa’s watery underworld
　　Europa, one of Jupiter’s 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Miles within its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.
　　Since we can’t go diving into Europa’s depths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moon’s surface for clues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.
　　Pictures of Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth’s moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half of Europa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.
　　For scientists who suspect that Europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting.
　　“It would be great if these lakes harbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. “But even if they didn’t, they say that Europa is doing something interesting and active right now.”
　　Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldn’t rocket to Europa to see for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. They studied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Those features on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This would explain the jumbled ice sculptures.
　　“Fracturing catastrophically disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,” Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.
　　The new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.
　　16. The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Great lakes.
　　A. Right&B. Wrong C. Not mention
　　17. The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx underground water pool.
　　A. Right&B. Wrong&C. Not mention
　　18. Europa is the most recently discovered one among Jupiter’s
　　A. Right B. Wrong&C. Not mention
　　19. The size of Europa is a bit larger than that of Earth’s moon.
　　A. Right&B. Wrong&C. Not mention
　　20. Schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists xxxxx Europa.
　　A. Right&B. Wrong&C. Not mention
　　21. The formations on Europa’s surface are rather unique in the
　　A. Right&B. Wrong&C. Not mention
　　22. The existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support
　　A. Right&B. Wrong C. Not mention
　　三、概括大意与完成句子
　　Learn about Noble Gases(惰性气体)
　　1　&Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
　　2　&People once believed that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They were also listed under Group&0 in&the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价) electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
　　3&　The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的) weight while Radon is the heaviest.
　　4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
　　A. what is the periodic table?B. What are noble gases?C. What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? D. How were noble gases discovered?E. How were noble gases understood in the past?F. what are the applications of noble gases?
　　5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体). These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person’s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.
　　23. paragraph 2__ E ___
　　24. paragraph 3__ B____
　　25. paragraph 4___C____
　　26. paragraph 5___F_____
　　27. Noble gases are not very chemically&&&&&&&&&&A
　　28. Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the&&&&&&&&&&&B
　　29. The required number of electrons in noble gases’ outer shell is&&&&&&&&&&&D
　　30. MRI may make operating on the patient&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&F
　　A. reactive B. lightestC. important D. complete E. flammableF. unnecessary
四、阅读理解
　　第一篇 　Gross National Happiness
　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教) culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness (GNH).
　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
　　Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
　　31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
　　A. A president.
　　B. A Buddhist priest.
　　C. A king.
　　D. A general.
　　32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
　　A. To make its population grow.
　　B. To keep it separate from the world.
　　C. To keep its traditions and customs.
　　D. To encourage its people to get rich.
　　33. A country shows its progress with GNP by
　　A. selling more products.
　　B. spending more money.
　　C. spending less money.
　　D. providing more jobs.
　　34. According to GNH, people are happier if they
　　A. have new technology.
　　B. have a good, stable government.
　　C. can change their religion.
　　D. have more money.
　　35. Today many countries are
　　A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
　　B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
　　C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
　　D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
　　第二篇　&&Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain
　　For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It’s not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download, and it’s not as sleek as cognitive inception, but it’s still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
　　Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.
　　Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learning process. They were examining the adult brain’s aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a person’s performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience.
　　Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants’ brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity.
　　The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants’ brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
　　“Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write, “or the activation in one region relative to that in another region.”
　　This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning, the researchers said.
　　“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature, without presenting the feature or subjects'' awareness of what was to be learned,” Watanabe said in a statement.
　　Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
　　“It can ‘incept’ a person to acquire new learning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a person’s awareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write.
　　36. what have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?
　　A. Discover a person’s learning process in the brain.
　　B. Make a person know how to do something without learning.
　　C. Set up different learning patterns for different people.
　　D. Enable people to learn kung fu instantly.
　　37. what helps a person to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning?
　　A. Testing
　　B. Encouragement
　　C. Self- assessment
　　D. Repetition
　　38. which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?
　　A. They learned how to control MRL machines in the experiment
　　B. They were not told what to be learned in the experiment
　　C. They were paid to take part in the experiment
　　D. They were not cooperative in the experiment
　　39. the finding of the study is most significant in that learning
　　A. is full of fun
　　B. is visualized
　　C. happens unconsciously
　　D. becomes unnecessary
　　40. who are most likely to benefit from the study?
　　A. Teenagers
　　B. Musicians
　　C. Senior people
　　D. Athletes
第三篇　　&Small But Wise
　　On December 14, NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don''t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 inthe known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
　　“I''m very excited because we''re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven''t seen before, ” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
　　Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit4( this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
　　The pictures taken by WISE won''t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. ” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.
　　Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they''re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
　　Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don''t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
　　That''s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can''t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space ― but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don''t reflect light, so they''re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
　　Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE''s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars ― which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They''re so dim that they''re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
　　41. What is so special about WISE?
　　A It is as small as a trashcan.
　　B It is small in size but carries a large camera.
　　C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
　　D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
　　42. The camera on WISE
　　A is equipped with expensive computers.
　　B produces images of objects giving off infrared radiation.
　　C reflects light visible to the human eyes.
　　D is similar to an ordinary digital camera.
　　43. It is true that infrared radiation.
　　A is not detectable to humans.
　　B looks brighter than visible light.
　　C is visible light reflected off an object.
　　D has longer waves than those of visible light.
　　44. Which of the following statements about asteroids is NOT ture?
　　A The WISE telescope can catch and take pictures of them.
　　B They do not reflect light that reaches them.
　　C They float through space giving off visible light.
　　D They are invisible to ordinary cameras.
　　45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs.
　　A give off infrared radiation.
　　B are power stars like the sun.
　　C become massive and active
　　D are invisible to the WISE telescope.
　　五、补全短文
　　The Mysteries of Nazca
　　In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades. ______F____ (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
　　The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.
　　Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. _____D _______(47) However, it would probably be very tricky to xxxxx and a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
　　In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets.______C____&&(48) xxxxx an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
　　Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. xxxxx researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes xxxxx and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible that xxxxx, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose._______B___&&(49) But xxxxx people have never constructed anything this big.
　　Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated xxxxx lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the xxxxx receives only&2cm&of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for xxxxx water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient xxxxx were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant xxxxx underground water in the area.______ E__ (50)
　　A.. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.
　　B. The largest picture may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
　　C. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”
　　D. A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.
　　E. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
　　F. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
　　六、完型填空
　　Solar Power without Solar Cells
　　A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.
　　The researchers found a way to make an “optical 51 ,” said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.
　　Light has electric and magnetic 52 . Until now, scientists thought the effect of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be 53 . What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not 54 electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength 55 to a strong electric effect.
　　“This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation, ” Rand said. “In solar cells, the 56 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 57 What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification,” says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light''s electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 58 of the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to&59 in&a battery.
　　Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light''s magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through a 60 that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn''t this 61 on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.
　　“In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost 62 effective in producing charge separation as laser light is,” Fisher said.
　　This new 63 could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to useable energy. That''s equivalent to today''s commercial-grade solar cells.
　　“To manufacture modem solar cells, you have to do 64 semiconductor processing,” Fisher said. “All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 65 .It''s already made in bulk, and it doesn''t require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better. ”
　　51. A. disc B. fiber C. instrument&D. battery
　　52. A. applications&B. components&C. resources D. differences
　　53. A. concerned&B. ignored&C. expected D. noticed
　　54.&A. conduct&B. produce C. use D. consume
　　55. A. reactive B. preferable C. due&D. equivalent
　　56.&A. light&B. electricity C. chemical D. gas
　　57. A. plant&B. source&C. equipment D. line
　　58. A. up B. down&C. apart&D. together
　　59. A. this B. those&C. that&D. these
　　60.&A. material&B. device C. detector D. meter
　　61. A. bright B. faint C. visible&D. intense
　　62. A. more&B. as&C. much D. such
　　63. A. skill&B. technology&C. miracle D. prototype
　　64.&A. extensive&B. interactive C. selective D. intensive
　　65. A. all B. some C. others&D. both--博才网
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