关于初中英语1.except besides 都是除了,两个次有什么区别?2.关于同类异物,同类同物中that,those,ones的用法是什么?请举例说明3.one,the other one,another .还有许多这样的,请举例说明用法.4,too much too many_百度作业帮
关于初中英语1.except besides 都是除了,两个次有什么区别?2.关于同类异物,同类同物中that,those,ones的用法是什么?请举例说明3.one,the other one,another .还有许多这样的,请举例说明用法.4,too much too many
关于初中英语1.except besides 都是除了,两个次有什么区别?2.关于同类异物,同类同物中that,those,ones的用法是什么?请举例说明3.one,the other one,another .还有许多这样的,请举例说明用法.4,too much too many much too many too 这个几个词的区别和用法
这四个介词或者短语都可以表示“除了…”的意思.但except仅表示“除了…”,排除在外,后面可以接that,what,when等引导的从句；而besides表示“除了…还有…”的意思,表示包含在内；except for表示“除了…”,它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；but的意思与except接近,它主要与某些不定代词如nothing,all,anything, no one,anyone等连用.一、except的用法--"排除式" except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内.因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用.其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项".
She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会.
He had considered everything except the weather."他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气."二、except for/that的用法--"排除否定式" except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句. (1)except for...是"除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法".即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式".其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项".（2)except that... 也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词.若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that.例如: The suit fitted him well except that the colour was a little brighter. (3)except for与except that有时可互相转换.例如: Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. =Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes三、besides的用法--"包括式" besides相当于as well as,意为"除了……以外还有……",即"除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内.例如:
Does John know any other foreign language besides
French. 四、but的用法--"排除式" but是"除了……以外"的意思,相当于except. (1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语.例如: They all went to the park but
Mike and me. 他们都去公园了除了我和麦克.(2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等; c.不定代词all, everyone等.例如: Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处. (3)but后可接动词不定式.注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带"to"的动词不定式,反之加"to".例如:
David could do nothing but help his teacher yesterday afternoon. 二、one,ones,that,those的区别用法在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词.可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,that和those. I．替代词one和ones的用法： 1．one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词.例如： My child doesn't like this book．Show her a more interesting one． 2．替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征.例如： I don't like this book．I'd like a more interesting one． 3．当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词.例如： Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before． 4．当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略.例如： This book is much better than that（one）． 5．替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后.如不可说my one（s）,your one（s）,Peter's one（s）等等.one或 ones也不能用在own之后. 但是,如果有了形容词,one（s）可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用.如： My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one． 6．one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念.如不可说： ＊He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry． 该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry's． 7．当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one.仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可.例如： Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder． 8．替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组.这时,one＝a＋单数名词.例如： A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice．（one ＝a cake） one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式.要泛指复数事物,只能用some.例如： Here are a few apples．Would you like some（＝some of them）? II．替代词that和those的用法： 1．that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词.它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones.例如： The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor． 2．that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能.例如： The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one． 以上两例中的that都不能换成the one. 3．that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人.those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人.例如： The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with． 该句中的the one不能换成that. 4．that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致.替代单数名词时,只替代“the ＋单数名词”,不可替代“a＋单数名词”.例如： The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain．（that＝the song.song为可数名词.） 请注意,这里说的that只替代“the ＋单数名词”,不可替代“a＋单数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the ＋单数名词.例如： In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden． 在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life. that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句（即没有关系代词的定语从句）之前.例如： The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s． 三、other及其变化形式在初中教材中多次出现,而且它的变化形式很多,有以下几种：the other, others, the others, another 等.它们的用法现归纳如下； 1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的（人或物）”.如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧! Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里. 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词.如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人. the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词.如： On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树. Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多. He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸. 3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”.在句中可作主语、宾语.如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动. Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了. 4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”.特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”.是the other的复数形式.如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里. the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍. 5.another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.如： I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个. I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿.一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人.四、too much too many much too many too的用法,详细点 答：1) too much的含义是“太多”,充当形容词用时,too是副词,用来修饰much,后接不可数名词.如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的活要干.too much充当副词用时,可用来修饰动词.如：Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多对你的健康有害.too much充当代词用时,后面不接名词,代替上下文提到的事物.如：You gave me too much. 你给我的太多了.2) much too意为“太”,much(副词)用来修饰too,以加强语气,只可起副词作用,在句中修饰形容词或副词.如：It’s much too expensive.太贵了.You walk (much) too far yesterday. 昨天你散步走得太远了.3) too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如： They built too many buildings last year．去年他们建了许多楼房.4)没有many too这一词组.
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随时赢取精美礼品2010年高考英语二轮专题复习3形容词和副词
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2010年高考英语二轮专题复习3形容词和副词
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【专题三】形容词和副词【考点分析】1.形容词、副词的作用与位置；①多个形容词作定语排列的顺序②enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语③形容词作伴随状语和原因状语2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语；3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法；①原级的用法②比较级的用法③最高级的用法④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语⑥more /less than及其相关结构4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。【知识点归纳】形容词和副词是历年英语高考的重点。要复习好这一块知识点，考生不仅要掌握其基础知识，同时要牢记其中的重点和难点，也是高考的热点。I.形容词、副词的作用与位置1.形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况，须牢记：①几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+名词；a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。②形容词短语作定语，定语后置；a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet highThis is a student worth of praise.They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.③表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置；a man alive：活着的人有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”；④形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置；I have something important to tell you.⑤enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置；⑥else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语；⑦几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间；⑧频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前；⑨副词作定语，定语后置；The person there is waiting for you.⑩复合形容词常用作定语，个别也可以作表语。He was a 12-year-old boy.He is good-natured.复合形容词的构成：▲形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的▲形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的▲形容词+现在分词：good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的▲副词+现在分词：hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的▲副词+过去分词：hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的▲名词+形容词：life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的▲名词+现在分词：peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的▲名词+过去分词：snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的▲数词+名词 + ed：four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的▲数词+名词（名词用单数）：ten-year 10年的, two-man两人的2.形容词作伴随状语和原因状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。II.连系动词与形容词象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。请看下面这道选择题：▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____.A. well&&&&&& B. badly&&&&&& C. badly&&&&&& D. bad第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思，是连系动词，用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词，用副词来修饰；此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好，用在此句中不行，只能作副词用。答案是B。句意是：“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。III.形容词、副词比较等级的用法形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式如下：规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级构成法&原级&比较级&最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est&tall&taller&tallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st&nice&nicer&nicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est&big&bigger&biggest"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est&busy&busier&busiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est&clevernarrow&cleverernarrower&cleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级&importanteasily&more importantmore easily&most importantmost easily不规则变化原级&比较级&最高级good/well&better&bestbad/ill&worse&worstold&older/elder&oldest/eldestmuch/many&more&mostlittle&less&leastfar&farther/further&farthest/furthest注意：many,old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别①如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.③far有两种比较级，farther，further..在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步I have nothing further to say.1.原级的用法表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.2.比较级的用法①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示；This picture is more beautiful than that one.注意：▲比较对象的一致性请看下面这道选择题：The weather in China is different from__&&&&&&& __.A. in America&&&&&&&& B. one in America&&&&&&&& C. America&&&&&&& D. that in America 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。▲要避免将主语包含在比较对象中（错）China is larger than any country in Asia.（对）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.▲注意比较对象的省略或隐藏：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。请看下面这两道选择题：If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest time&& B. a more happier time&& C. much happiest time&& D. a much happier time本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中，即：与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.A. better&&&&&&&& B. worse&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. the best&&&&&&&&&& D. the worst由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than this one。本题答案是B。It takes a long time
it's ________by road. A. quick&&&&&&&&& B. the quickest&&&&&&& C. much quick&&&&&&&& D. quicker由语境可知，句末省略了than by train，用比较级。本题答案是D。②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示；This room is less beautiful than that one.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰；He works even harder than before.注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（主语+谓语），the +比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）；The harder he works, the happier he feels.⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构；The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等；He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词；The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.⑧否定词+比较级该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法，须注意以下几点：▲该结构多为“can't ／couldn't ＋比较级”的形式I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。（或：我完全同意你的意见。） The weather couldn't be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了。▲用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外，还有no，never，nothing等This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。There's nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。▲当该结构中的比较级为less时，其意义为“一点也不”试比较：He couldn't care more.他非常介意。（或：他最关心不过了。） He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。（或：他最漠不关心了。） 注意：反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于： ▲know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于” You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。He is more experienced than to do such a thing.他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。▲more than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定，实际上有否定含义The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.街上的男孩变得非常无礼,到了人所不能忍受的地步。The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.那地方美得无法形容。⑨倍数表达法▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.3.最高级的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰；This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略；He is the tallest(boy)in his class.⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.4.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词；②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”；He is a most clever young policeman.(most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)③as+形容词+a+单数名词；This is as good an example as the other is.④表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the；who is the older of the tow boys?⑤在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中；⑥在same前一般要加the；⑦What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+ a/an+单数可数名词What an interesting film it is！=How interesting a film it is!⑧so和such的用法so +& 形容词 / 副词 +& that … so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that … so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that … such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such？so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。因为名词受many、much、little、few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰。下列这句中such用得对不对？（对）。为什么？ These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.因为little在这儿表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。下列so的用法是错误的：so difficult problems, so hot weather为什么？因为problems是复数，weather是不可数名词。⑧有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。5.由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语①as much as + 不可数名词：多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.②as many as + 可数名词：多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.③as early as：早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.④as far as：远到；就……而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.⑤may (might, could)as well：不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.⑥as … as can be：到了最……的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。⑦as … as one can：尽其所能He began to run, as fast as he could.⑧as … as possible：尽可能Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.6.more /less than及其相关结构第一类①more than＋具体数字=over：多于、超过……He spoke English more than two years.(两年多)more than＋名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅China Daily is more than a newspaper and it can also help us learn English.②not more than：不超过……，顶多……=at mostThere were not more than 70 women in the store then.（不足70个女性）③no more than：仅仅，只不过The theater was no more than a painted barn.这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已（没什么大不了的）。④less than：少于、不足……Their car broke down where they drove less than five miles.（不到五英里）less than＋名词/形容词：仅仅He is less than pleased to have visitors.⑤not less than：……以上，至少……=at least He has not less than 2oo dollars.（至少200美元）⑥no less than：不会少于……，与……一样，简直就……It is no less than robbery to ask me for so much.要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。第二类①more＋形容词/副词/名词＋than：比……更……I have found that he is a more efficient worker than any other one.②more…than…：与其……不如……He is not more an artist than a philosopher.与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家。③not more…than…：不如……，不及……You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。She was not more pleased than I was.她不及我开心。④no＋比较级＋than：仅仅…..，最多……，只不过……，和……一样不This kind of plant grows no higher than one inch.这种植物最多长到一英寸。The officials could see no more than the Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。He is no more a good player than I am.他和我一样都不是好球员（他也好不到哪里去）。⑤less＋形容词/副词/名than：比……更少，不如……Jane is less beautiful than Suan.He is less slow than lazy at his work.=He is more lazy than slow at his work.⑥not less…than：不比……少，不亚于……She is not less charming than her daughter.她跟她女儿一样有魅力。⑦no less…than：不会比……差，正如……一样”A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚不会比狗笨吧！IV.容易混淆的形容词、副词的辨析1.下列单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词deadly,friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,silly,lively,brotherly,weekly等。2.有无ly的副词意义、用法有别①意义用法不同Someone followed me close behind me.有人紧跟着我。Everyone felt that his remarks hit close to home.他的话击中了要害。Come close to me and you’ll listen to me clearly.靠近我，你就会听清楚的。These two topics are closely related.这两个课题紧密相连。（close修饰介词短语、closely修饰动词和过去分词）He hardly worked hard at maths so he could not pass the maths examination.他几乎没有 努力学习数学，结果没有通过这次数学考试。He always works late into the night.他总是工作到深夜。Have you been to the cinema lately?你最近有没有看电影？The meeting proceeded in a most friendly atmosphere.会见在极其友好的气氛中进行。The present world situation is most favorable for the people.当前世界形势对人民非常有利。They are mostly visiting scientists.= Most of them are visiting scientists.②具体和抽象的关系They buried the body very deep. 他们把尸体埋得很深。（具体）His words deeply moved me. 他的话深深地打动了我。（抽象）类似的词：high/highly,wide/widely3.形容词和副词相同形式①意义不一She said with a half smile to me.她微笑着对我说。Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。This kind of material feels very hard.这种材料摸上去很硬。He found modern art very hard to understand.他觉得现代艺术很难理解。He is working hard at maths.他在努力学习数学。The door was fast shut.门紧闭着。His father was fast asleep.他父亲睡得很香。②意义基本相同He got up so early that he caught the early bus.他起得早赶上了早班车。What you need is a sound sleep.你所需要的是好好睡一觉。His father was sound asleep. 他父亲睡得很香。If he were well,he would do the work well.如果他身体好的话，他会把这项工作干好的。4.搭配特别的形容词和副词英语中有些形容词和副词与名词、动词、或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样，在平时学习中通过运用要把它们掌握好。特别要记住下列与汉语不同的表达方法：well worth很值得&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& wide awake很清醒&&&&&&&&&&&&& fast/sound asleep睡得很香&&&&&&&&&&&&& largely due to…主要因为&& greatlyrespected/honoured很受尊敬&&&&& badly/seriously hurt/injured伤得很严重rain/snow hard/heavily下大雨（大雪）&& large/small population人口多（少）heavy traffic交通堵塞5.体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词解决这类问题，首先要弄清形容词和副词真正含义，在解题时要弄清上下文的逻辑关系。常用的此类词有：besides而且、再说,instead而是，反而,though不过，可是，然而,however不过，仍然，然而,thus/therefore因此，所以,furthermore/moreover此外，而且，再者,otherwise/or否则，不然,anyhow/anyway反正，不管怎样,even so即便如此，即使这样,or rather更确切地说等等。请看下列选择题：①Progress so far has been very good. _______, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. Howeve&&&&&&& B. Otherwise&&&&&&& C. Therefore&&&&&& D. Besides“一直进展良好”与“按时完工”是因果关系，用therefore。本题答案是C。②The hurricane damaged many houses an_____&&&& , it caused 20 deaths.A. or else&&&&&&&& B. therefore&&&&&&&& C. after all&&&&&&&& D. besides由前后语境不难确定，是要表示“此外，还有，而且”，用besides。其它选项不合语境：or so大约；therefore因此；after all毕竟。本题答案是D。③Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. _&&&&&&&&&& , their political influence should be very great. (2006广东)A. As a result&&&&&& B. As usual&&&&&&& C. Even so&&&&&&&&& D. So far由前后的语意逻辑可知，所填之词应是表示“即使如此”之意，用even so。句意：工会已经失去很多权力了；即使这样，他们的政治影响还应当还是很大的。本题答案是C。6.too much和much too的区别①too much有下列用法too much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词。I have too much homework to do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。too much充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视看得太多对你的健康有害。too much充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。②much too意为“太”，much(副词)用来修饰too(副词)，以加强语气，只可起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。It’s much too expensive.太贵了。You walk(much)too far yesterday.昨天你散步走得太远了。It’s much too cold.【高考预测】1.—Why don’t you like the shirt?—Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt of this kind with _____ neck?A. the biggest&&&&& B. a far bigger&&&& C. by far the biggest&&& D. a more bigger2.—The temperature today is 10℃ below zero. —Oh, it’s ____cold. A. the most&&&&&& B. the more&&&&&&& C. most&&&&&&&&&&&& D. much more3.—Do you think him naughty enough?—I’m afraid he’s ___than naughty.&&&&&&& A. more clever&&&& B. clever&&&&&&& C. much clever&&&&&&& D. much more clever4.Exercise is _____as any other to lose unwanted weight.&& A. so useful a way&&& B. as a useful way&&&& C. as useful a way&&&& D. such a useful way5._&&& ____, the boys were shouting and singing.&& A.Happy and excited&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.Happily and excitedly&& C.To be happy and excited&&&&&&&&&& D.To be happily and excitedly6.I’m glad to say that he’s already finished _____50% of the book in these three days. A.no less than&&&&&&&&&&&& B. no more than&&&&&& C. not more than&&&& D. much less than7.The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times_&&& ___.A.as little&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. smaller&&&&&&&&&&& C. as few&&&&&&&&&&& D. fewer8.—Are you going to the football game?&& —No, the tickets are ____expensive for me.A.very much&&&&&&&&&&& B. so much&&&&&&&&&& C. far too&&&&&&&&&&& D. highly9.The little town has now grown into a modern big city, and is ___ what it used to be.&& A.twice the size than&&&&& B. two times the size as& C. twice the size as&&& D. twice the size of10.—What do you think of the plan?—I feel ___that we ought to give it up at once. A. strong&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. stronger&&&&&&& C. strongly&&&&&&&&&& D. it strong11.To handle the financial crisis, the new government has to work more ______ with other nations, especially the less-affected ones.A.formally&&&&&&&&&&& B. smoothly&&&&&&&&& C. carefully&&&&&&& D. closely12.The more teenagers watch actors smoking in films, the more ______ they are to take up the habit of smoking themselves. A. likely&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. simply&&&&&&&&&& C. probably&&&&&&&& D. possibly13.—Haven’t you seen the speed limit sign? Please drive _______.—Sorry, but I have to.A. more slowly a bit&&&&& B. slowly a bit more&&&& C. a bit more slowly&&&&&& D. slowly more a bit14.—This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.—But I think his latest one is _______ worth reading.A.better&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. more&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. most&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. very15.After hearing the manager's stating their future plan, Mr．Brown came back home, ____．A.excited and hopefully&&&& B.exciting and hopefulC.excited and hopeful&&&&&& D.excitingly and hopefully16. —Do you think the weather is good enough for an outing? —Yes, you couldn’t hope for _____at the time of the year.A. a nice day&&&&&&& B. the nicer day&&&& C. a nicer day&&&&& D. the nicest day17.This kind of fried chickens sells ______, mainly because it tastes _____&&&& _.A. good&&&&& B. well&&&&&& C. well&&& D. good18.How exciting this football match is!Have you ever watched________ one?A.a better&&&&&&&&&& B.another better&&&&&& C.a much too better&&&&&& D.a very good19.With the help of the new equipment, our factory produced ________ VCD players in 2009 as the year before.A. as many as twice&& B. twice more than&&& C. as twice many&&&&&&&& D. twice as many20.In the eyes of Premier Wen Jiabao, there is never ____________thing as far as peasants are concerned.A. too small a&&&&&&& B. a too small&&&&&&& C. such small a&&&&&&&&& D. a such small21.He’s _______ working in Germany as a representative of a Chinese company.A.lately&&&&&&&&&&&& B.recently&&&&&&&&&& C.presently&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.likely22.—You know our manager has been in hospital for days?—Yes.I wonder if he is ___&&&&&& better now.A. any&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. some&&&&&&&&&&&& C. very&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.too23.—Are you satisfied with her work, sir?&&&&&& —Not at all. It couldn’t be any _______.A. better&&&&&& &&B. best&&& &&&C. worse&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. worst24.On the third floor there are two rooms, _____ is used as a meeting-room.A.one of them&&&& B. the larger of which&&& C. and a larger of them&& D. the largest one of which 25.People are always on the go , so they&&&&&&& spend their weekend on housework .A.most&&&&&&&&&&& B．almost&&&&&&&&&&& C.mostly&&&&&&&&&&&& D.nearly 26.These natural parks are very important for preserving many animals, which would _______ run the risk of becoming extinct.A.otherwise&&&&&& B. therefore&&&&&&&& C. nevertheless&&&&&&&&& D. however27.—Have your working conditions improved?—No, _____ than before, I’m afraid. A. no better&&&&&&&&&&&& B. a little better&&&& &C. not worse&&& &&&& D. no worse28.My parents want me to take_________maths lessons at the weekend, but I want to play and have fun.A. extra&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. available&&&&&&&&&&& C. former&&&&&&&&&&&& D. recent29.The dress is really fashionable and eye-catching, but it is ______ too big for me.A. fairly&&&&&&&&&& B. rather&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. quite&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. pretty30.It took ______ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.A. other than&&&&&&& B. more than&&&&&&&& C. rather than&&&&&&&& D. less than31.—You’re not worried about your English, are you?—No, certainly not. Not Chinese, not math and _____ English.A. as far as&&&&&&& B. at the least&&&&&&&& C. best of all&&&&&&&&& D. least of all32.I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had ____ today.A. as tiring a day as&&&&& B. as a tiring day&&&& C. tiring as a day as&&&& D. day as a tiring as33.—It is said that the number of Chinese characters you can type on your mobile phone is&&&&&&& the total number of Chinese characters. —I know. That is because the character input systems are made by foreign cell phone producers. A. much than 25 percent&&&&&&&&&&&& B. 25 percent as less as&& C.25 percent less than&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. 25 percent as much34. T____, she didn’t give up hope.A. moreover&&&&&& B. besides&&&&&&& C. but&&&&&&&&&&& D. nevertheless35. Although she could speak very little Chinese, _______ we did manage to communicate with her..A. anyhow&&&&&&&& B. anyway&&&&&& C. somewhere&&&&&& D. somehow36.The boat is ________ small, we can’t put _______ food in it. A. so many&&&& B. too much&& C. much too&&& D. so much37.Those who are not ___ with the progress they 've made will have greater success.A．proud&&&&&&&&&& B. afraid&&&&&&&&&& C. popular&&&&&&&&& D. content38.— Don’t you agree with what he said?—Yes，_______! It can’t be better．A.approximately&&&&&& B. absolutely&&& C. relatively&&&&&& D. partly39.The bridge is closed so we advise you to use a(n) ______ route.A. accurate&&&&&&&&& B. alternative&&&&&&&& C. tentative&&&&&&&&&&& D. primitive40.—Can I buy Jane Rye here?—Sorry, but we’ll call you as soon as it becomes&&&&&&& . A. present&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. available&&&&&&&&& C. convenient&&&&&&&& D. inexpensive41.—Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock? —Because they were delayed by _________.A. heavy traffic&&& B. heavy traffics&C. crowded traffic&D. crowded traffics42.I think Zheng Jie is _______ a rising tennis star. She has put China on the tennis map.A.especially&&&& B.formally&&&&&&&&&& C.definitely&&&&&&&&& D.gradually43. It is not&&&& for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need them. A. mature&B. convenient&C. available&D. tight44.The workers are so _____ to the noise of the machine that they don’t even notice it during their work.A. accustomed&&&& B. subjective&&&&&& C. familiar&&&&&&&&&&& D. associated45.After I arrived at her house, she showed me into ____________.A. a room cosy or little&&&&& B. a little cosy room&&& C. a cosy little room&&&& D. cosy little a room46.Letterboxes are much more ____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. A. common&&&&&&&&&& B. normal&&&&&&& C. ordinary&&&&&&& D. usual47.He was robbed last night, but&&&&&&&& he didn’t have much on him then.A.fortunately&B.eventually&C.certainly&D.surprisingly48.Although my grandfather is in his eighties, he is still as ______ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.A. enthusiastic&&&&&&&&&& B. automatic&&&&&& C. energetic&&&&&&&&& D. innocent49.Everything works out well. ____, we are sure that the experiment will be completed on time.A.Therefore&&&&&&&&&&& B. While&&&&&&&&& C. However&&&&&&&&& D. Otherwise50.It’s ______ to borrow money from your mother to settle your debt to your uncle. That’s just robbing Peter to pay Paul. A.ridiculous&&&&&&&&& B. strange&&&&&&&&&& C. stubborn&&&&&& D. splendid【参考答案】1-5BCACA&&& 6-10ABCDC&& 11-15DACAC& 16-20CAABA21-25CACBC& 26-30AAABB& 31-35DACDD& 36-40CDBBB41-45ACBAC& 46-50AACAA
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