人会进化外星人吗

后使用快捷导航没有帐号?
查看: 1584|回复: 12
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
难道真的没人发现有的传说没法升级吗 也对毕竟用的人少
20:37:37 上传
&改版前的任务武器怎么升级楼主?&
新人欢迎积分1 阅读权限60积分4398精华0UID帖子金钱10709 威望3
Lv.6, 积分 4398, 距离下一级还需 602 积分
UID帖子威望3 多玩草0 草
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
自己顶~~~~~~~
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
不能升级和耐久没关系 修了也不能升级
新人欢迎积分1 阅读权限60积分2663精华0UID帖子金钱15265 威望0
Lv.6, 积分 2663, 距离下一级还需 2337 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草150 草
活动罐子开的不能升级。刷图爆的或者买的可以升级。
城会玩,然并卵
新人欢迎积分1 阅读权限80积分10002精华0UID帖子金钱21563 威望0
人生不过是浮云,有想做到事而不去做那人生还有什么意义呢
Lv.8, 积分 10002, 距离下一级还需 9998 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草120 草
不能吗,我得上去看看 (??`ω??)
喷子无处不在&&╮(﹀_﹀)╭
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
月爷V587 发表于
活动罐子开的不能升级。刷图爆的或者买的可以升级。4 [0 R&&g4 C& o: e% g
这么坑 应该算bug吧
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
风萧c声动 发表于
20:40 8 y' I2 l% v( h6 N% e
估计是 已经在官网论坛提交了就是不知道能修复吗
新人欢迎积分1 阅读权限60积分4398精华0UID帖子金钱10709 威望3
Lv.6, 积分 4398, 距离下一级还需 602 积分
UID帖子威望3 多玩草0 草
Spirit丶 泣 发表于
20:45 # b3 X1 R9 W4 E" b6 ?
估计是 已经在官网论坛提交了就是不知道能修复吗8 R! O8 m0 E8 F8 s3 g
职业玩的人少,懒得修复了
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
风萧c声动 发表于
20:46 - X4 b2 {0 p# g) J
职业玩的人少,懒得修复了/ n. h7 r# u&&~$ R( o
那完了 我小蓝猫只能凑活用了
新人欢迎积分1 阅读权限60积分4398精华0UID帖子金钱10709 威望3
Lv.6, 积分 4398, 距离下一级还需 602 积分
UID帖子威望3 多玩草0 草
Spirit丶 泣 发表于
20:48 8 w, I. b0 Y! l9 H# v" J+ C
那完了 我小蓝猫只能凑活用了: V/ f/ T+ R9 Q) c, U&&H$ j# m/ t
接受事实吧
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限30积分91精华0UID帖子金钱770 威望0
Lv.3, 积分 91, 距离下一级还需 159 积分
UID帖子威望0 多玩草0 草
传说吗?去公共频道找船长买进化书
新人欢迎积分0 阅读权限50积分1268精华0UID帖子金钱4644 威望1
Lv.5, 积分 1268, 距离下一级还需 1232 积分
UID帖子威望1 多玩草30 草
按照TX的尿性&&修复BUG至少要半年
需要金钱:1100
Powered by
手机盒子客户端点击或扫描下载人类还会进化吗_百度文库
两大类热门资源免费畅读
续费一年阅读会员,立省24元!
北京龙源网通电子商务有限公司
评价文档:
&购买后可评价
您可以上传图片描述问题
联系电话:
请填写真实有效的信息,以便工作人员联系您,我们为您严格保密。
人类还会进化吗
该文档仅有一页,您已阅读完毕,如需下载请购买
注:购买后,该文档仅支持在线阅读
你可能喜欢Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?
By SUSAN CAIN
作者:苏珊·凯因(SUSAN CAIN)
Published: June 25, 2011
发表时间:2011年6月25日
A BEAUTIFUL woman lowers her eyes demurely beneath a hat. In an earlier era, her gaze might have signaled a mysterious allure. But this is a 2003 advertisement for Zoloft, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (S.S.R.I.) approved by the F.D.A. to treat social anxiety disorder. “Is she just shy? Or is it Social Anxiety Disorder?” reads the caption, suggesting that the young woman is not alluring at all. She is sick.
&&一个漂亮女人,头上带着一顶帽子,害羞地垂下了自己的眼睛。在较早前的时代,她的眼神也许会散发出一种神秘的吸引力。但是这是2003年给左洛复(Zoloft)做的一则广告,该药物是一种经美国食品及药物管理局(F.D.A.)批准的选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂(S.S.R.I.),用于社交焦虑症的治疗。广告字幕写道,“她仅仅是害羞吗?还是说患上了社交焦虑症?”暗示这名年轻的女子一点都没有吸引力。她生病了。
Grant Shaffer
格兰特·萨福尔(Grant Shaffer)
But is she?
不过她生病了吗?
It is possible that the lovely young woman has a life-wrecking form of social anxiety. There are people too afraid of disapproval to venture out for a job interview, a date or even a meal in public. Despite the risk of serious side effects — nausea, loss of sex drive, seizures — drugs like Zoloft can be a godsend for this group.
如此可爱的一位年轻女子患上了一种人生悲剧式的社交恐惧是有可能的。这样的人是存在的,他们不喜欢冒险出门参加面试、约会或甚至在公共场合吃饭。尽管左洛复这样的药物存在严重的副作用风险——如恶心、失去性欲以及癫痫等,但是对于这一人群来说它们仍像是天赐之物。
But the ad’s insinuation aside, it’s also possible the young woman is “just shy,” or introverted — traits our society disfavors. One way we manifest this bias is by encouraging perfectly healthy shy people to see themselves as ill.
抛开这则广告的暗讽不谈,也有可能这名年轻女子“仅仅是害羞而已”,或者说是内向——这是一种不为我们的社会所待见的性格。我们证明这一偏见的方法之一,便是鼓励十分健康的害羞者视其自身为生病了。
This does us all a grave disservice, because shyness and introversion — or more precisely, the careful, sensitive temperament from which both often spring — are not just normal. They are valuable. And they may be essential to the survival of our species.
这对我们大家都造成了严重伤害,因为害羞和内向——或者更精确一点,此二者通常均会产生的敏感小心的特质不仅仅是正常不过的东西。它们还是有价值的。对于我们人类的生存还有可能是必不可少的东西。
Theoretically, shyness and social anxiety disorder are easily distinguishable. But a blurry line divides the two. Imagine that the woman in the ad enjoys a steady paycheck, a strong marriage and a small circle of close friends — a good life by most measures — except that she avoids a needed promotion because she’s nervous about leading meetings. She often criticizes herself for feeling too shy to speak up.
理论上害羞和社交焦虑症是很容易区分的。但是此二者却有一条模糊的分界线。想象一下,广告中的女人享受着一份稳定的薪水、一个美满的婚姻,还有一小圈亲密的朋友——按照大多数标准来衡量都可谓是幸福人生,除了一点,她回避了必要的晋升,因为她对主持会议非常紧张。她经常因为自己太害羞而不敢发言而自责。
What do you think now? Is she ill, or does she simply need public-speaking training?
那么现在你怎么看?她病了吗,或者说她仅仅是需要进行公开演讲方面的培训?
Before 1980, this would have seemed a strange question. Social anxiety disorder did not officially exist until it appeared in that year’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the DSM-III, the psychiatrist’s bible of mental disorders, under the name “social phobia.” It was not widely known until the 1990s, when pharmaceutical companies received F.D.A. approval to treat social anxiety with S.S.R.I.’s and poured tens of millions of dollars into advertising its existence. The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the DSM-IV, acknowledges that stage fright (and shyness in social situations) is common and not necessarily a sign of illness. But it also says that diagnosis is warranted when anxiety “interferes significantly” with work performance or if the sufferer shows “marked distress” about it. According to this definition, the answer to our question is clear: the young woman in the ad is indeed sick.
在1980年以前,这个问题会被看作是一个奇怪的问题。官方一直都没有社交焦虑症这种说法,直到它出现在了那一年的《诊断与统计手册,第三版》(DSM-III)这部精神病专家治疗精神障碍的圣经上,当时给它取的名字叫做“社交恐惧症(social phobia)”。直到上世纪九十年代这一称谓都还没有广为人知,然后制药公司获得了美国食品及药物管理局的许可,允许他们使用选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂(S.S.R.I.)来治疗社交焦虑症,药商投入了上千万美元来宣传这种药品的存在。而现在这个版本的《诊断与统计手册》(DSM-IV)则承认说怯场(以及在社会情境下的害羞)是正常的,没必要视其为疾病的信号。不过它上面也说,在焦虑对工作效率产生“显著影响”或如果患者对此显示出“明显的痛苦”的情况下,诊断也是可以的。按照这一定义,我们这个问题的答案非常清晰:广告中的女人的确有病。
The DSM inevitably reflect it used to identify homosexuality as a disease, too. Though the DSM did not set out to pathologize shyness, it risks doing so, and has twice come close to identifying introversion as a disorder, too. (Shyness and introversion are not the same thing. Shy people fe introverts simply prefer quiet, minimally stimulating environments.)
&&《诊断与统计手册》不可避免地影响了文化态度;它习惯上也把同性恋当做一种疾病。尽管《诊断与统计手册》并不打算把害羞当做一种疾病来治疗或解释,但是它有这么做的风险,且也已经有两次接近于将内向鉴定为一种失调了。(害羞和内向不是一回事。害羞的人害怕否定判断;而内向只是更偏好于安静、刺激最少的环境。)
&&But shyness and introversion share an undervalued status in a world that prizes extroversion. Children’s classroom desks are now often arranged in pods, because group participation supposedly lead in one school I visited, a sign announcing “Rules for Group Work” included, “You can’t ask a teacher for help unless everyone in your group has the same question.” Many adults work for organizations that now assign work in teams, in offices without walls, for supervisors who value “people skills” above all. As a society, we prefer action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. Studies show that we rank fast and frequent talkers as more competent, likable and even smarter than slow ones. As the psychologists William Hart and Dolores Albarracin point out, phrases like “get active,” “get moving,” “do something” and similar calls to action surface repeatedly in recent books.
但是,在一个奖赏外向的世界里,害羞和内向的价值均处于被低估的状态。孩子们教室的课桌现在通常都是排成豆荚弧形的,因为团队参与的学习效果有可能会更好;在我参观过的一个学校里,名为《小组活动规则》的标牌里面其中就有这么一条,“除非你的小组人人都有相同的问题,否则不能请求老师的帮助。”许多成人为组织进行的工作现在也都按团队进行分配,办公室不用墙来区隔,管理者首先考虑的是“人员技能”。作为一个社会,我们宁愿行动也不肯沉思,宁可冒险也不肯留心,宁愿确定也不愿怀疑。研究表明,我们视花言巧语夸夸其谈者比吞吞吐吐慢声细气者更有能力、更讨人喜欢甚至更聪明。正如心理学家威廉·哈特(William Hart)以及德洛丽丝·阿巴拉钦(Dolores Albarracin)所指出的那样,像“主动点”、“行动起来”、“做点什么”这类的话以及类似的呼吁在最近的书上一再冒头。
Yet shy and introverted people have been part of our species for a very long time, often in leadership positions. We find them in the Bible (“Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh?\" asked Moses, whom the Book of Numbers describes as “very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.”) We find them in recent history, in figures like Charles Darwin, Marcel Proust and Albert Einstein, and, in contemporary times: think of Google’s Larry Page, or Harry Potter’s creator, J. K. Rowling.
In the science journalist Winifred Gallagher’s words: “The glory of the disposition that stops to consider stimuli rather than rushing to engage with them is its long association with intellectual and artistic achievement. Neither E=mc2 nor ‘Paradise Lost’ was dashed off by a party animal.”
We even find “introverts” in the animal kingdom, where 15 percent to 20 percent of many species are watchful, slow-to-warm-up types who stick to the sidelines (sometimes called “sitters”) while the other 80 percent are “rovers” who sally forth without paying much attention to their surroundings. Sitters and rovers favor different survival strategies, which could be summed up as the sitter’s “Look before you leap” versus the rover’s inclination to “Just do it!” Each strategy reaps different rewards.
IN an illustrative experiment, David Sloan Wilson, a Binghamton evolutionary biologist, dropped metal traps into a pond of pumpkinseed sunfish. The “rover” fish couldn’t help but investigate — and were immediately caught. But the “sitter” fish stayed back, making it impossible for Professor Wilson to capture them. Had Professor Wilson’s traps posed a real threat, only the sitters would have survived. But had the sitters taken Zoloft and become more like bold rovers, the entire family of pumpkinseed sunfish would have been wiped out. “Anxiety” about the trap saved the fishes’ lives.
Next, Professor Wilson used fishing nets to catc when he carried them back to his lab, he noted that the rovers quickly acclimated to their new environment and started eating a full five days earlier than their sitter brethren. In this situation, the rovers were the likely survivors. “There is no single best ... [animal] personality,” Professor Wilson concludes in his book, “Evolution for Everyone,” “but rather a diversity of personalities maintained by natural selection.”
The same might be said of humans, 15 percent to 20 percent of whom are also born with sitter-like temperaments that predispose them to shyness and introversion. (The overall incidence of shyness and introversion is higher — 40 percent of the population for shyness, according to the psychology professor Jonathan Cheek, and 50 percent for introversion. Conversely, some born sitters never become shy or introverted at all.)
Once you know about sitters and rovers, you see them everywhere, especially among young children. Drop in on your local Mommy and Me music class: there are the sitters, intently watching the action from their mothers’ laps, while the rovers march around the room banging their drums and shaking their maracas.
Relaxed and exploratory, the rovers have fun, make friends and will take risks, both rewarding and dangerous ones, as they grow. According to Daniel Nettle, a Newcastle University evolutionary psychologist, extroverts are more likely than introverts to be hospitalized as a result of an injury, have affairs (men) and change relationships (women). One study of bus drivers even found that accidents are more likely to occur when extroverts are at the wheel.
In contrast, sitter children are careful and astute, and tend to learn by observing instead of by acting. They notice scary things more than other children do, but they also notice more things in general. Studies dating all the way back to the 1960’s by the psychologists Jerome Kagan and Ellen Siegelman found that cautious, solitary children playing matching games spent more time considering all the alternatives than impulsive children did, actually using more eye movements to make decisions. Recent studies by a group of scientists at Stony Brook University and at Chinese universities using functional M.R.I. technology echoed this research, finding that adults with sitter-like temperaments looked longer at pairs of photos with subtle differences and showed more activity in brain regions that make associations between the photos and other stored information in the brain.
Once they reach school age, many sitter children use such traits to great effect. Introverts, who tend to digest information thoroughly, stay on task, and work accurately, earn disproportionate numbers of National Merit Scholarship finalist positions and Phi Beta Kappa keys, according to the Center for Applications of Psychological Type, a research arm for the Myers-Briggs personality type indicator — even though their I.Q. scores are no higher than those of extroverts. Another study, by the psychologists Eric Rolfhus and Philip Ackerman, tested 141 college students’ knowledge of 20 different subjects, from art to astronomy to statistics, and found that the introverts knew more than the extroverts about 19 subjects — presumably, the researchers concluded, because the more time people spend socializing, the less time they have for learning.
&&一旦他们到了上学的年龄,许多定坐者小孩把这种特质发挥到很好的效果。内向者趋向于彻底地消化信息,不断地努力,准确地工作,按照
THE psychologist Gregory Feist found that many of the most creative people in a range of fields are introverts who are comfortable working in solitary conditions in which they can focus attention inward. Steve Wozniak, the engineer who founded Apple with Steve Jobs, is a prime example: Mr. Wozniak describes his creative process as an exercise in solitude. “Most inventors and engineers I’ve met are like me,” he writes in “iWoz,” his autobiography. “They’re shy and they live in their heads. They’re almost like artists. In fact, the very best of them are artists. And artists work best alone ... Not on a committee. Not on a team.”
Sitters’ temperaments also confer more subtle advantages. Anxiety, it seems, can serve an impo for example, it plays a key role in the development of some children’s consciences. When caregivers rebuke them for acting up, they become anxious, and since anxiety is unpleasant, they tend to develop pro-social behaviors. Shy children are often easier to socialize and more conscientious, according to the developmental psychologist Grazyna Kochanska. By 6 they’re less likely than their peers to cheat or break rules, even when they think they can’t be caught, according to one study. By 7 they’re more likely to be described by their parents as having high levels of moral traits such as empathy.
When I shared this information with the mother of a “sitter” daughter, her reaction was mixed. “That is all very nice,” she said, “but how will it help her in the tough real world?” But sensitivity, if it is not excessive and is properly nurtured, can be a catalyst for empathy and even leadership. Eleanor Roosevelt, for example, was a courageous leader who was very likely a sitter. Painfully shy and serious as a child, she grew up to be a woman who could not look away from other people’s suffering — and who urged her husband, the constitutionally buoyant F.D.R., the man who had nothing to fear but fear itself relied, paradoxically, on a woman deeply acquainted with it.
Another advantage sitters bring to leadership is a willingness to listen to and implement other people’s ideas. A groundbreaking study led by the Wharton management professor Adam Grant, to be published this month in The Academy of Management Journal, found that introverts outperform extroverts when leading teams of proactive workers — the kinds of employees who take initiative and are disposed to dream up better ways of doing things. Professor Grant notes that business self-help guides often suggest that introverted leaders practice their communication skills and smile more. But, he told me, it may be extrovert leaders who need to change, to listen more and say less.
What would the world would look like if all our sitters chose to medicate themselves? The day may come when we have pills that “cure” shyness and turn introverts into social butterflies — without the side effects and other drawbacks of today’s medications. (A recent study suggests that today’s S.S.R.I.’s not only relieve social anxiety but also induce extroverted behavior.) The day may come — and might be here already — when people are as comfortable changing their psyches as the color of their hair. If we continue to confuse shyness with sickness, we may find ourselves in a world of all rovers and no sitters, of all yang and no yin.
As a sitter who enjoys an engaged, productive life, and a professional speaking career, but still experiences the occasional knock-kneed moment, I can understand why caring physicians prescribe available medicine and encourage effective non-pharmaceutical treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy.
But even non-medical treatments emphasize what is wrong with the people who use them. They don’t focus on what is right. Perhaps we need to rethink our approach to social anxiety: to address the pain, but to respect the temperament that underlies it. The act of treating shyness as an illness obscures the value of that temperament. Ridding people of social unease need not involve pathologizing their fundamental nature, but rather urging them to use its gifts.
It’s time for the young woman in the Zoloft ad to rediscover her allure.
原文来源:
原文标题:
原文地址:
相关译文来自无觅插件
发表于: 10:37:22
呵呵,不错
发表于: 11:05:06
感觉内向的人比较受歧视
发表于: 11:17:50
surestar:感觉内向的人比较受歧视
整个社会文化氛围就是这样,但是内向者的内心足够强大,有自己的小宇宙
发表于: 11:54:36
我内向,我骄傲
发表于: 13:57:59
there are the sitters, intently watching the action from their mothers’ laps:那些定坐者坐在妈妈的两腿中间专注地看着别人的弹奏动作。
发表于: 15:45:38
&不仅仅是正常不过的东西&这句觉得不太通顺的样子?我觉得应该和后面一句连到一起:
“不仅是正常的,而且很有价值。”
发表于: 16:43:39
人是多复杂的社会动物,如果用“害羞就是病”的标准来细化分析,那么人人都有各种病了。
发表于: 12:21:18
“内向——这是一种不为我们的社会所待见的性格”,确实是这样。
发表于: 16:54:14
surestar:感觉内向的人比较受歧视
圣斗士星矢
发表于: 19:59:16
如果通过吃药来治这个,那才是有病了。
发表于: 16:58:03
我潜伏。。。
发表于: 10:49:25
[相反,某些天生的定坐者根本就没有变得害羞或内向]
&& 对于这个,我表示不能理解
另外,还是不明白为什么害羞与内向不是一回事。如果说真是这样,那我岂不是害羞加内向了····不过我很高兴的是我可以断定自己没有社交恐惧症····呵呵
&&&&文章很喜欢,收藏了哦
发表于: 10:52:23
我是不是就是某个天生的定坐者呢?据说鄙人两岁的时候还不会说话,惭愧惭愧啊···
发表于: 16:57:18
ουτξιδзя:[相反,某些天生的定坐者根本就没有变得害羞或内向]
&& 对于这个,我表示不能理解
另外,还是不明白为什么害羞与内向不是一回事。如果说真是这样,那我岂不是害羞加内向了····不过我很高兴的是我可以断定自己没有社交恐惧症····呵呵
&&&&文章很喜欢,收藏了哦
【害羞和内向不是一回事。害羞的人害怕否定判断;而内向只是更偏好于安静、刺激最少的环境。】
也就是说害羞的人不一定内向,内向的人不一定害羞。内向的人不怕被否定,但是不喜欢刺激;害羞的人也许喜欢热闹,但是害怕出丑。这个是对本文的推断。
很高兴你喜欢此文
辞多则史,少则不达,辞不达意,旷古莫若此,即便美文,读者阅之,理解亦不尽同。译者先为读者,再尝译之,仍有辞不达意之恐,读者再阅译文,亦仍有误解之虞。如此看来,从原文作者到外文读者,其间的沟通障碍误差,足有四阶之巨,可见翻译实为一门缺憾艺术。虽有缺憾,但仍乐此不彼,无他,见美文乐,译美文亦乐,倘读者亦悦而阅之,不亦乐乎?
您已经赞过此文了。

我要回帖

更多关于 进化外星人 的文章

 

随机推荐