Venus - Educational facts and history of the planet Venus.
Venus is the second planet from the
and the sixth largest.
Venus' orbit is the most nearly circular of that of any planet, with
an eccentricity of less than 1%.
Planet Profile
: 108,200,000 km (0.72 ) from Sun
: 12,103.6 km
: 4.869e24 kg
History of Venus
Babylonian: Ishtar) is the goddess of love and beauty.
The planet is so
named probably because it is the
of the planets known to the ancients.
(With a few exceptions, the surface features on Venus are named for female
Venus has been known since prehistoric times.
It is the brightest object in the sky except for the Sun and the Moon.
Like , it was popularly thought
to be two separate bodies: Eosphorus as the morning star and Hesperus as the evening star, but the Greek
astronomers knew better. (Venus's apparition as the morning star is also sometimes
called Lucifer.)
Since Venus is an
planet, it
when viewed with a telescope
from the perspective of Earth.
Galileo's observation
of this phenomenon was important evidence in favor of
theory of the solar system.
The first spacecraft to visit Venus was
in 1962. It was subsequently visited by many others (more than
20 in all so far),
the first spacecraft
to land on another planet, and
which returned the first
photographs of the surface.
The first orbiter, the
US spacecraft
produced detailed maps of Venus' surface using radar. ESA's
launched in November of 2005 and arrived at Venus in April 2006. The
Venus Express is conducting atmospheric studies, mapping the Venusian surface
temperatures and the plasma environment.
Venus' rotation is somewhat unusual in that it is both very slow (243 Earth days
per Venus day, slightly longer than Venus' year) and
In addition,
the periods of Venus' rotation and of its orbit are synchronized such that it
always presents the same face toward Earth when the two planets are at their
closest approach. Whether this is a resonance effect or merely a coincidence is
not known.
Venus is sometimes regarded as
sister planet.
In some ways they are very similar:
Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth (95% of Earth's diameter, 80% of
Earth's mass).
Both have few craters indicating relatively
Their densities and chemical compositions are similar.
Because of these similarities, it was thought that below its dense clouds Venus
might be very Earthlike and might even have life.
But, unfortunately, more detailed study of Venus reveals that in many important
ways it is radically different from Earth.
It may be the least hospitable place
for life in the solar system.
The pressure of Venus' atmosphere at the surface is 90
(about the same as the
pressure at a depth of 1 km in Earth's oceans).
composed mostly of carbon dioxide.
There are several layers of clouds many kilometers thick composed of
sulphuric acid.
These clouds completely obscure our view of the surface.
This dense atmosphere produces a run-away
that raises Venus' surface temperature by about 400 degrees
to over 740 K (hot enough to melt lead).
surface is actually hotter than
despite being nearly twice as far from the Sun.
Venus has a vortex at each pole. These vortices rotate vertically and recycle
the atmosphere downwards. The north polar vortex has a peculliar double eye
shape surrounded by
it makes a complete rotation in three
Earth days.
There are strong (350 kph) winds at the cloud tops but
winds at the surface are very slow, no more than a few kilometers per hour.
Venus probably once had large amounts of water like Earth but it
all boiled away. Venus is now quite dry.
Earth would have suffered the same fate had it
been just a little closer to the Sun.
We may learn a lot about Earth by learning why the basically similar Venus
turned out so differently.
Most of Venus' surface consists of gently rolling plains with little relief.
There are also several broad depressions: Atalanta Planitia,
Guinevere Planitia,
Lavinia Planitia. There two large highland areas: Ishtar Terra
in the northern hemisphere (about the size of Australia)
and Aphrodite Terra along the equator (about the size of South America).
The interior of Ishtar consists mainly of a high plateau, Lakshmi Planum,
which is surrounded by the highest mountains on Venus including the enormous
Maxwell Montes.
Data from 's
imaging radar shows that much of the surface of Venus is covered by lava flows.
There are several large shield volcanoes (similar to Hawaii or
) such as Sif Mons.
Recently announced findings
indicate that Venus is still volcanically active, but onl
for the most part it has been geologically rather
quiet for the past few hundred million years.
There are no small craters on Venus.
It seems that small meteoroids burn up in Venus'
dense atmosphere before reaching the surface. Craters on Venus seem to come in
indicating that large meteoroids that
do reach the surface usually break up in the atmosphere.
The oldest terrains on Venus seem
to be about 800 million years old. Extensive volcanism at that time wiped out
the earlier surface including any large craters from early in Venus' history.
Magellan's images show a wide variety of interesting and unique features
including pancake volcanoes (left)
which seem to be eruptions of very thick lava
and coronae (right)
which seem to be collapsed domes over large magma chambers.
The interior of Venus is probably very similar to that of Earth: an iron core
about 3000 km in radius, a molten rocky mantle comprising the majority
of the planet.
Recent results from the Magellan gravity data indicate that
Venus' crust is stronger and thicker than had previously been assumed.
Like Earth,
in the mantle produces stress on the
surface. However on Venus the stress
is relieved in many relatively small regions instead of being
concentrated at the boundaries of large
as is the case on Earth.
Venus has no magnetic field, perhaps because of its slow rotation.
Venus has no satellites, and thereby hangs a .
Venus is usually
with the unaided eye.
Sometimes (inaccurately) referred to
as the "morning star" or the "evening star", it is by far the brightest "star"
in the sky.
There are several
show the current position of Venus (and the other planets) in the sky.
More detailed and customized charts can be created with a
On June 8 2004, Venus passed directly between the Earth and the Sun, appearing as a large black dot travelling across the Sun's disk.
This event is known as a "transit of Venus" and is very
rare: the last
two were in 1882 and 2012, for the next you'll have to wait until 2117.
While no longer of great scientific importance as it was in the past, this event was the impetus for a major journey for many amateur astronomers.
More about Venus
by David Grinspoon
Magellan mission
from JPL; about Magellan and Venus prior to the Magellan data
by Andrew Fraknoi of ASP
Magellan Image Browser
of Venus, Mars and the Moon
Open Issues & Big Questions
There is some evidence of spreading and folding on Venus' surface and
of recent volcanic flows.
But there is no evidence of
as seen on Earth.
Is this a result of the higher surface temperature?
The greenhouse effect is much stronger on Venus than Earth because of Venus'
dense carbon dioxide atmosphere. But why did Venus evolve so differently
from Earth?
Is Venus more volcanically active than it has been? Venus is known to
have more then 1600 volcano's and a recent study results show evidence of
sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere of Venus. This suggests volcanic activity
has increased the sulfur dioxide level in the upper atmosphere.
What are the mysterious ultraviolet markings on the clouds? While
looking at the cloud layer of Venus does not reveal much, interesting
markings emerge when the looking at the clouds in ultravoilet light. These
markings absorb half of the solar energy received by the plant, how these
markings are made and why the high power absorption is a mystery.
Nine Planets - Venus
1994 - 2015 (C)
A guide to our solar system and beyond.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____life has developed_百度知道
Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____life has developed
Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____life has developed gradually.A.that
D.whose选B 解释
提问者采纳
实际上是life has developed on the planet,但是在题目中没有on这个词，所以空格中应该填 on which=where望采纳
来自团队：
whose life 表示“谁的生命” 注意，是谁的生命，不是谁上的生命 你都说了是地球上，那不就是问地点吗？用where 如果一定用whose，意思就是说，地球是有生命的，然后地球自己的生命逐渐发展演化。
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因为修饰planet的句子——life has developed gradually.已经是一个完整的句子，所以where此处表关系副词，在从句中作状语。其他几项都是关系代词，从句中可作主语、宾语、定语。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as 。
关系副词有：when, where, why ,how 。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句...
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出门在外也不愁Everything You Need to Know about the Planet Venus
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The planet Venus, named for the roman goddess of love, is often referred to as Earth's Twin or Earth's Sister. But, Venus does not bare much of a visual resemblance to Earth, so why is it called Earth's sister?From a strictly physical perspective Venus is roughly the same size, density and composition as our planet. It orbits at a similar distance from our Sun, and at its creation would have appeared nearly indistinguishable from Earth.
evolved over time however, they became vastly different. Ultimately, Earth's sister was molded into a desolate and unforgiving world.LocationAt nearly 108,209,000 kilometers, Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and is Earth's nearest neighbor (besides our Moon). In fact, Venus is so close, and so bright (due to the Sun's reflection off its atmosphere), that it is the only object besides our Moon that can be seen from Earth during the evening and during the day! 225 Earth days to complete one orbit of the Sun. And
in our solar system,
about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening! Even stranger, Venus rotates so slowly that one day on Venus is equivalent to 117 days on Earth.SizeAt approximately 4.9 x 1024 kilograms, Venus is also nearly as massive as Earth.
As a result, the gravity on Venus (8.87 m/s2) is nearly the same as it is on Earth (9.81 m/s2). Additionally, scientists conclude that the structure of the planet's interior is similar to Earth's, with an iron core and a rocky mantel.The Venusian SurfaceVenus is one of the terrestrial planets -- those with solid, rocky surfaces inhabiting the inner part of our .The surface of Venus is a very desolate, barren place. Nonetheless, efforts were made to study the planet by several Soviet Venera spacecraft. These spacecraft were able to take pictures, as well as sample rocks and take other various measurements.The rocky surface of Venus appears to have been created through volcanic activity, and is comprised of low, rolling plains. While the highest elevations of Venus rival those of Earth, these features are less abundant. In fact, the elevated areas, similar to continents here on Earth, only comprise about 8% of the total surface area, compared to 25% of the surface area on Earth.There is also a lack of small impact craters, like those seen on the other terrestrial planets. This is due to the thickness of the Venusian atmosphere which prevents all but the largest meteors from reaching the surface.The Venusian AtmosphereBy now you may be asking yourself "what's the catch?" After all, you have undoubtedly heard about NASA's plan to send a man to Mars, and how someday we could actually create a colony on that planet. What about Venus? It is closer to us than Mars, more similar in size, and has similar gravity!The answer to this question lies in Venus' atmosphere. The Venusian atmosphere is very different than the atmosphere on Earth, and would have devastating effects on humans if we attempted to live there.The Venusian atmosphere consists mainly of carbon dioxide (~96.5%), while only containing about 3.5% nitrogen. This is in stark contrast to the Earths atmosphere, which contains primarily nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Clearly, we would not be able to breath the air on Venus. Moreover, the effect the atmosphere has on the rest of the planet is dramatic.Global Warming on VenusA great cause for concern on Earth is , specifically the emission of "" into our atmosphere. As these gases accumulate in our atmosphere, they trap heat near the surface, causing our planet to heat up. Because Venus has such a dense atmosphere, this same effect has occurred, though to a much higher degree. Global warming on Venus has caused the surface temperature to rise to nearly 9000 F, enough to melt lead.Living Conditions on VenusAs destructive as the surface temperature of Venus is, just as troubling is the immense pressure you would feel standing on the surface. The weight of the atmosphere is 90 times greater than that on earth -- the same pressure we would feel if submerged under 3,000 feet of water. This pressure is so high, that when the
landed, they only had a few moments to take data before they were crushed and melted. Ultimately, Venus appears as a visual beauty in the night sky, but it will have to be admired form afar. As the heat and pressure that characterize the surface of the planet make it unfit for life.
Discover the Planet Venus, the Earth's Sister“罗马神话中，冥王星（希腊人称之为Hades哈迪斯）是冥界的首领。这颗行星得到这个名字（而不采纳其_百度知道
“罗马神话中，冥王星（希腊人称之为Hades哈迪斯）是冥界的首领。这颗行星得到这个名字（而不采纳其
“罗马神话中，冥王星（希腊人称之为Hades哈迪斯）是冥界的首领。这颗行星得到这个名字（而不采纳其他的建议）是由于他离太阳太远以致于一直沉默在无尽的黑暗之中，凑巧的是冥王星(pluto)开头的两字母是发现者Percival Lowell是缩写。冥王星是在1930年由于一个幸运的巧合而被发现的。一个后来被发现错误的计算“断言”：基于天王星与海王星的运行研究，在海王星后还有一颗行星。美国亚利桑那州的Lowell天文台的Clyde W. Tombaugh由于不知道这个计算错误，对太阳系进行了一次非常仔细的观察，然而正因为这样，发现了冥王星。” 求翻译。。翻译成英语
提问者采纳
Roman mythology, Pluto (the greeks called Hades Hades) is the leader of the underworld. This planet is the name (and not take the advice of the other) is because he's too far from the sun that has been silent in the endless darkness, coincidentally Pluto (Pluto) at the beginning of two letters is a discoverer Percival Lowell's abbreviation. Pluto is in 1930 was found by a lucky coincidence. A were later found error calculation &assertions& : based on the research of Uranus and Neptune, after Neptune is a planet. The Lowell observatory in Arizona's Clyde w. Tombaugh not knowing this calculation error, observation of the solar system have made a very careful, because of this, however, found Pluto.
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太给力了，你的回答完美解决了我的问题！
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对不起不会啊，有点长...
也许有点小错误
貌似我来晚了
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