fractional-delay-FIR-Filter-Matlab 分数延迟FIR滤波器的实现，分别使用了最小二乘法，拉格朗日插值法以及优化加权 source in ebook 书籍源码 244万源代码下载-
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&详细说明：分数延迟FIR滤波器的实现，分别使用了最小二乘法，拉格朗日插值法以及优化加权最小二乘法。-Fractional delay FIR filter implementation, using the least square method, the Lagrange interpolation method and optimization of weighted least squares.
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淘豆网网友近日为您收集整理了关于基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术的文档，希望对您的工作和学习有所帮助。以下是文档介绍：基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术 基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术摘要近年来有害赤潮肆虐于我国和世界各国沿海,是国际社会共同关注的重大海洋生态环境问题和自然灾害。赤潮监测是对赤潮进行预警预报和防治控制的基础,通过快速、现场监测赤潮爆发前后浮游植物种群结构的变化过程,主要包括浮游植物群落组成及变化过程、引发赤潮的浮游植物种类等,便于及时采取措施、控制事态发展、减少损失,同时也为赤潮研究提供重要资料。浮游植物活体荧光光谱可以提供丰富的光谱信息,而且灵敏度高,选择性好,不需要复杂的前处理过程,可以满足对赤潮快速、实时监测的需要。本文选择了我国近海常见25种优势藻种和赤潮浮游植物,分属于甲藻门、硅藻门、金藻门、蓝藻门、隐藻门和绿藻门,在实验室进行培养,获得浮游植物三维荧光光谱。基于此,采用加权非负最小二乘、支持向量学习机等技术,建立了能够在赤潮未发生时在门类的水平上测定浮游植物群落组成,赤潮发生时在属的水平上识别引发赤潮的浮游植物种类的荧光分析技术。(1)基于荧光激发光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术建立。对于扫描得到的三维荧光光谱进行瑞利散射校正,并使用平(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])滑方法去除光谱中的噪声干扰。然后选择发射波长680nm的激发光谱进行技术建立。首先考察光谱的精密度和重现性。通过Fisher判别分析图可以直观的看出应用荧光激发光谱对浮游植物进行分类的可行性。选取各门类浮游植物荧光激发光谱的平均值作为其特征谱。并考察了不同门类浮游植物荧光特征谱的线性无关性以及浮游植物培养光照的影响。在此基础上,利用多元回归技术和加权非负最小二乘方法建立了基于荧光激发光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术。该技术对单种藻样品的识别正确率为甲藻76.8%,硅藻97.4%,金藻91.7%,蓝藻、隐藻和绿藻均为100%,对于多种藻混合样品的识别正确率为83.6%,对于围隔样品的识别正确率为54.2%,对于胶州湾现场样品的识别正确率为66.7%。该技术可为现有荧光分光光度计提供技术支持。(2)基于离散荧光激发光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术建立。运用四阶导数并结合可获得的单色发光二极管的实际情况,选择1 1个激发波长点的发射波长为680nm的离散荧光激发光谱进行技术建立。考察了光谱的精密度和重(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])现性。通过Fisher判别分析图可以直观的看出应用离散荧光激发光谱对浮游植物进行分类的可行性。选取各门类浮游植物离散荧光激发光谱的平均值作为其特征谱,并考察了不同门类浮游植物特征谱的线性无关性以及培养光照的影响。在此基础上,利用多元线性回归技术和加权非负最小二乘方法建立了基于离散荧光激发光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术。该技术对单种藻的样品正确率为:甲藻81.6%,硅藻92.2%, 金藻86.1%,蓝藻、隐藻和绿藻均为100%。多种藻样品测定正确率85.2%,对于围隔样品的识别正确率为58.3%,对于胶州湾现场样品的识别正确率为83.3%。该技术为自主研制以发光二极管为光源的浮游植物荧光分析仪提供了技术支持。(3)基于多激发荧光发射光谱建立了浮游植物群落组成测定技术。首先对于扫描得到的三维荧光光谱进行瑞利散射校正,并使用平滑方法去除光谱中的噪声干扰。根据多激发激光荧光雷达的常用激发波长,选择4个激发波长点,发射波长范围为600.750nm,构建多激发荧光发射光谱用于技术的建立。考察了光谱的精密(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])度和重现性。通过Fisher判别分析图可以直观的看出应用多激发荧光发射光谱对浮游植物进行分类的可行性。选取各个门类多激发荧光发射光谱的平均值作为其特征谱。然后考察了不同门类浮游植物特征谱的线性无关性以及光照的影响。此基础上,利用多元线性回归技术和加权非负最小二乘方法建立了基于多激发荧光发射光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术。应用该技术对单种藻的样品识别正确率为甲藻81.6%,硅藻96.9%,金藻72.2%,蓝藻、隐藻和绿藻均为100%。,对于多种藻混合样品的识别正确率为83.6%,对于围隔样品的识别正确率为62.5%,对于胶州湾现场样品的识别正确率为66.7%。该技术将为多激发激光荧光雷达提供技术支持。(4)应用支持向量机技术,基于赤潮浮游植物的三维荧光光谱建立了属水平上的赤潮浮游植物荧光识别测定技术。首先校正三维光谱中的瑞利散射,利用多项式平滑方法去除噪声的干扰。考察光谱的精密度和重现性。通过Fisher判别分析图可以直观的看出应用三维荧光光谱对浮游植物进行分类的可行性。应用支Ⅱ持向量机技术时(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html]),选择使用径向基核函数,设定半径及惩罚因子,定义QP函数参量后应用Matlab中的quadprog函数解决该二次规划问题,求出拉格朗日乘子后计算权向量和偏移量,确定支持向量机的相关参数。该技术对单种藻样品在属的水平上的识别正确率为96.9%,当加入5%的随机噪声时,判别正确率为75%;在属水平上对多种藻混合样品的识别正确率可达到80.1%。本文针对不同的应用平台,以浮游植物的荧光激发光谱、离散荧光激发光谱和多激发荧光发射光谱为研究对象,建立了能够将甲藻和硅藻分类测定的门类水平上的浮游植物群落组成测定技术;同时,以发生赤潮时对引发赤潮的浮游植物进行现场、快速识别测定为目标,基于浮游植物三维荧光光谱,应用支持向量机技术初步建立了对于赤潮浮游植物属水平上的识别测定技术。关键词:浮游植物;荧光光谱;加权非负最小二乘法;多元回归;支持向量机IIIF I uorescence d i sor i m i nat i on techn i que based onwe i ghted nonnegat i(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html]) ve I east—squares for thephytop I ankton i n the coasta l watersAbstractRecently,more and more red tides have been OCCUlTed in the China Sea,which hasattracted more attentions of the society as an important maline environmentalpollution and natural disasters.The key to predicting the red tides and reducing itsinfluence is to find out the mechanism how the red tide happens.And the premise ofknowing the mechanism how the red tides happens and dies o(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])ut is the observing of thevariability of the munity before and after the red tides happens,including the phytoplankton groups,quantity and the species,etc.The in vivofluorescence methods Can provide abundant information and avoid plicatedpre-dispose procedure.With the high sensitivity and selectivity,it Can satisfy therequirements of speediness and real time for the red tides survey.In this paper,twenty—mon algae which belong to Dinophyta,Bacillari(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])ophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta werechosen to culture.The algae were cultured in the laboratory and the 3D fluorescencespectra were measured.The determining technique of positions of munity Was established using the fluorescence spectra on the levelof division(especially for the Dinophyta and Bacillariophyta)using the multi-variableregression method and the weighted.nonnegative least—squares.And thediscrimination technique(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html]) on the level of genus when the red tide Was happened Wasestablished by support vector machines.(1)The establishment of the determining technique of positions of munity basing on the fluorescence excitation spectra.Firstly,theRayleigh scatter in the 3D fluorescence spectra measured was corrected,and the noisein the spectra Was wiped off using the S—G smoothing methods.According the reportof the literature,the fluorescence excitation spectra at the (来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])emission wavelength ofV680nm was selected to establish the technique.The precision and reproduction of thespectra were analyzed by calculating the relative standard deviation.And then theFisher’S linear discriminant analysis(FLDA)has been done to test whether thespectra of algae species belonging to different divisions call be differentiated.Themean spectra of every division were used as the classified criterion(norm spectra)according to the result(来源：淘豆网[/p-.html])s of the precision ofthe spectra.The linear independence of thenorm spectra and influence of irradiance on the norm spectra were also discussedsubsequently.The determining technique of positions of the murlity Was established with the weighted nonnegative least-squares andmulti.variable linear regression methods.The single algae samples,the mixed sampleand the in situ samples were test on the level of division using the technique in thischapter,and the right discrimination ratio was 76.8%for Dinophyta,97.4%forBacillariophyta,91.7%for Chrysophyta,100%for Cyanophyta,100%forCryptophyta and 1 00%for Chlorophyta.The right ratio Was 83.6%for the mixedsamples,54.2%for the Maidao enclosure samples and 66.7%for the Jiaozhou Baysamples.(2)The establishment of the determining technique of positions of munity basing on the disperse fluorescence excitation spectra.According the derivative analyzes and the development of the LED,the fluorescenceexcitation spectra at the emission wavelength of 680nm consisted of eleven excitationwavelength Was selected to establish the technique.The precision and reproduction ofthe spectra were analyzed by calculating the relative standard deviation.And then theFisher’S linear discriminant analysis(FLDA)has been done to test whether thespectra of algae species belonging to different divisions Can be differentiatedintuitively.The mean spectra of every division were used as the classified criterion(norm spectra)according to the results of the precision of the spectra.The linearindependence of the norm spectra and influence of irradiance on the norm spectrawere also discussed subsequently.The determining technique of positions ofthe munity Was established with the weighted nonnegativeleast.squares and multi—variable linear regression methods.The single algae samples,Vlthe mixed sample and the in situ samples were test on the level of division using thetechnique in this chapter,and the right discrimination ratio was 8 1.6%for Dinophyta,92.2%for Bacillariophyta,86.1%for Chrysophyta,1 00%for Cyanophyta,1 00%forCryptophyta and 1 00%for Chlorophyta.The right ratio Was 85.2%for the mixedsamples,58.3%for the Maidao enclosure samples and 83.3%for the Jiaozhou Baysamples.It offered the theoretic foundation for the manufacture of fluorescencespectrophotometer using the LED髂the light SOurCe and can satisfy the requirementsof marine supervise station for the red tide.(3)The establishment of the determining technique of positions of munity basing on the multi-excitation wavelength fluorescenceemission spectra.Firstly,the Rayleigh scatter in the 3D fluorescence spectra measuredwas corrected,and the noise in the spectra was wiped off using the S—G smoothingmethods.According the report of the literature,four excitation wavelengths wereselected and the range of emission wavelength is 600-750nm.The multi.excitationwavelength fluorescence emission spectra were constructed in the way of end to end.The precision and reproduction of the spectra were analyzed by calculating therelative standard deviation.And then the Fisher’S linear discriminant analysis(FLDA)has been done to test whether the spectra of algae species belonging todifferent divisions cail be differentiated intuitively.The mean spectra ofevery divisionwere used as the classified criterion(norm spectra)according to the results of theprecision ofthe spectra.The linear independence ofthe norm spectra and influence ofirradiance on the norm spectra were also discussed subsequently The determiningtechnique of positions of the munity was established witllthe weighted nonnegmive least-squares and multi—variable linear regression methods.The single algae samples,the mixed sample and the in situ samples were test on thelevel of division using the technique in this chapter,and the right discrimination ratiowas 8 1.6%for Dinophyta,96.9%for Bacillariophyta,72.2%for Chrysophyta,100%for Cyanophyta,1 00%for Cryptophym and 1 00%for Chlorophyta.The fight ratiowas 83.6%for the mixed samples,62.5%for the Maidao enclosure samples and66.7%for the Jiaozhou Bay samples.This technique support the usage of marine laserVlllidar system for the red tide supervise(4)The discrimination methods of red tide algae on the level of species wereestablished using the support vector machines、析tll the 3D fluorescence spectra.Firstly,the Rayleigh scatter in the 3D fluorescence spectra measured W.aS corrected,and the noise in the spectra was wiped off using the S—G smoothing methods.According the report of the literature,the fluorescence excitation spectra at theemission wavelength of 680nm Was selected to establish the technique.The precisionand reproduction of the spectra were finalyzed by calculating the relative standarddeviation.And then the Fisher’S linear discriminant analysis(FLDA)has been o test whether the spectra of algae species belonging to different divisions Can bedifferentiated intuitively.When the support vector machines were used,the radial kernel function Wasselected according the 3D fluorescence spectra.The radius and punish factor were set,and the QP function parameters were defined.Then the quadratic loss function wassolved using the function of quadprog in Matlab,and the Lagrange multiplier Wascalculated and the other parameters were also calculated subsequently.Calculating thesymbol function and then judge。which species the tested sample should be.And theright discrimination ratio Was 96.9%,but when the level of noise was up to 5%,theright discrimination ratio Was declined to 75%.The right discrimination ratio Was80.1%for the mixed samples on the level of genus.The determining technique of positions of the munitybasing on the fluorescence excitation spectra,the disperse fluorescence excitationspectra and the multi—excitation wavelength fluorescence emission spectra wereestablished.And the discrimination methods of red tide algae on the level of speciesusing the support vector machines with the 3D fluorescence spectra offered anothermethod for the discrimination of red tide on the level of genus.Keywords:Phytop I ankton:f IWe i ght i ng nonnegat i veIeast-squares:UuIti var iabIe regression,Support vector mathinesVIII独创声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果, 也不包含未获得(逵!塑遮直基丝耋要缱别重跑数!奎拦豆窒2或其他教育机构的学位或证书使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。学位论文作者签名:讯膏册签字日期:触年歹月芗/日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权学校可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。同时授权中国科学技术信息研究所将本学位论文收录到《中国学位论文全文数据库》,并通过网络向社会公众提供信息服务。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)学位论文作者签名:翻声胴签字日期幺形年J月31日导师签字.一2.举签字日期:≯,孵了月了7曰基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术0前言近年来,我国近海海域发生频率以每10年增加3倍的速度不断上升,而且单次赤潮发生时的面积和持续时间不断扩大,所造成的危害程度也逐年增加,对我国沿海的海洋生态、资源、环境造成了严重的问题和重大的经济损失,已成为我国政府和相关部门密切关注的问题。快速检测海水中浮游植物群落组成,不仅是预测、预报赤潮发生的先决条件,也是掌握赤潮灾害发生、发展和消亡规律,以及赤潮发生海区浮游植物种群变动及其数量变化规律的重要环节,发展快速、实时的浮游植物群落组成测定技术已成为我国海洋科学工作者的一项重要任务。目前,常用的浮游植物种类鉴别方法有图象识别技术、色素分析技术、荧光技术等方法。图像技术和色素分析技术因仪器和操作条件的限制,无法普及于各海洋监测站,也无法应用于现场实时测定。浮游植物活体荧光分析仪因具有便携、快速、易于实现现场实时测定等优点而广受欢迎。近十年来,荧光技术在海洋浮游植物群落组成监测方面得到很大的发展。Tsai-yun Lee等根据蓝藻所具有的藻蛋白发出的特征荧光谱,建立了现场活体监测蓝藻含量的荧光分析技术,在O.01.10肛g/ml的范围内可准确测定海水样品中的蓝藻含量;·Beutler等(2002)也使用发光二极管,利用五个激发波长(450nm,525nm,570rim,590nm,61 0nm)的叶绿素荧光光谱,将浮游植物分为四大类(绿藻,蓝藻,隐藻,混合藻(含甲藻和硅藻))识别测定,建立了浮游植物群落组成测定技术,基于此技术所研制的便携式仪器和建立的实时定点监测系统,可用来测定浮游植物群落组成,这就是目前已经商品化的BBE藻类分析仪。BBE技术在两个方面取得了突破性成果,一是在门类的水平上测定浮游植物群落组成,即利用5个激发波长点的叶绿素荧光激发光谱,来实现对浮游植物群落组成测定;二是BBE采用发光二极管作光源,避免了一般荧光分光光度计使用氙灯为光源而使得仪器结构复杂、耗能大、需固定使用、灵敏度低等缺点,适应了现场、实时、快速监测的需要。但Algae Analyser藻分析仪没有将我国近海海域最重要的两类浮游植物硅藻和甲藻分类识别,因而难以满足我国海域对甲藻和硅藻分类识别的需要。国内这方面的研究还相对较少。基于国内外的研究成果,本文以我国近海海域主要浮游植物类群(甲藻、硅基于加权非负晟小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术藻、金藻、蓝藻、隐藻、绿藻)中的25种常见藻和赤潮浮游植物为对象,针对不同的应用平台,运用多种化学计量学技术,建立基于荧光激发光谱、离散荧光激发光谱和多激发波长荧光发射光谱的浮游植物群落组成测定技术,并利用支持向量机技术初步建立了种水平上的识别测定技术。本课题来源于863项目:近海赤潮浮游植物荧光监测技术研究()和有害赤潮生物诊断系统技术研究(),并受到国家自然科学基金项目:赤潮浮游植物活体荧光鉴别方法研究()的资助。由于个人水平有限,本文在该领域的研究尚存在一定的不完善之处,在此,真诚希望各位专家、老师、同学对本文提出宝贵的意见和建议1 2播放器加载中，请稍候...
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基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术 基于加权非负最小二乘法的近海浮游植物荧光识别测定技术摘要近年来有害赤潮肆虐于我国和世界各国沿海,是国际社会共同关注的重大海洋生态环境问题和自然灾害。赤潮监测是对赤潮进行预警预报和防治控制的基础,通过快速、现场监测赤潮爆发前后浮游植物种群结构的变化过程...
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