1）取香菇、茶树菇及金针菇等三种菌糠，分别进行碱化、氨化和氨化+碱化等三种化学处理；2）选用Y4、Y5及Y8三种菌种对香菇菌糠进行生物处理；3）采用化学（碱化）与生物（Y4菌种）结合对香菇菌糠进行复合处理。选用4头装有瘤胃瘘管的丹麦红杂交公牛，采用尼龙袋法研究不同处理菌糠结构性碳水化合物的瘤胃降解特性，试验采用4×4拉丁方设计。结果表明：香菇、茶树菇及金针菇菌糠经化学处理后，NDF、ADF及ADL等结构性碳水化合物的含量均有不同程度降低，其中以碱化处理效果最好，NDF、ADF及ADL含量分别下降5.73％-9.92％、7.43％～13.36％及10.55％-20.40％；氨化+碱化处理的效果次之；氨化的效果最差；经筛选，Y4、Y5及Y8三种菌种均能有效改善香菇菌糠结构性碳水化合物比例，降低NDF、ADF、CEL、HC及ADL含量，尤其是对ADL有较好的降解效果，其中以Y8菌种效果最佳；复合处理对改善香菇菌糠结构性碳水化合物的比例，降低NDF、ADF、HC、CEL及ADL含量的效果优于单独的化学处理（碱化）和生物处理（Y4菌种）。
研究还表明：化学处理可不同程度改善香菇菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃的降解特性，其中以碱化处理效果最佳，香菇菌糠经碱化处理后，DM、NDF、CEL、HC及ADF的动态降解率（P）和NDF、ADF的快速降解部分（a）和潜在降解部分（a＋b），CEL的慢速降解部分（b）、潜在降解部分（a＋b）、瘤胃有效容重（RF）、纤维综合评价指标（FDI），HC的快速降解部分（a）、慢速降解部分（b）、潜在降解部分（a＋b）及纤维综合评价指标（FDI）均有显著提高；氨化+碱化效果次之，其对香菇菌糠的DM、NDF、ADF、CEL及HC的动态降解率（P）有显著提高，但对ADL的效果差异不显著；氨化效果最差，其对香菇菌糠的CEL、HC及ADL动态降解率（P）影响差异不显著；香菇菌糠经Y4、Y5和Y8菌种生物处理后，DM、NDF、ADF、HC及ADL的动态降解率（P）和瘤胃潜在降解部分（a+b）显著提高，其中以Y8菌种处理效果最佳，Y5次之；复合处理效果又优于单独的化学处理（碱化）和生物处理（Y4菌种），香菇菌糠经复合处理后，DM、NDF及ADL动态降解率分别提高53.64％、89.07％和116.98％（p＜0.01）。
1)Three kinds of WMFC(waste material from fungal culture)were treated respectively with NaOH, Urea and Urea+NaOH .2)WMLE(waste material from Lentinus edodes) was treated with three kinds of fungi (Y4,Y5,Y8). 3) WMLE was treated with mixture treatment(NaOI-I treatment and microorganism treatment). Four runiinally cannulated cross steers were used to estimate the effects of different treatment. The experiment was designed with a 4 X 4Latin square. Results were as follows: Chemical treatment decreased structural carbohydrates of the three kinds of WMFC(NDF,5.73%--9.92%, ADF,7.430/o-13.36%, ADL.1O.55%--20.40%). The effect of NaOH treatment was best in chemical treatment. Y4, Y5 and Y8 improved effectively proportion of structural carbohydrates of WMLE and decreased NDF,ADF and ADL. The effect of Y8 was best in microorganism treatment. Mixture treatment improved effectively proportion of structural carbohydrates of WMLE and decreased NDF,ADF ,HC,CEL and ADL. And the effect of mixture treatment was better than chemical or microorganism treatment.Results were as follows: Chemical treatment improved degradability in rumen of structural carbohydrates of WMLE. The effect of NaOH treatment was best in chemical treatment. NaOH treatment increased effective degradability of DM,,NDF. CEL. HC and ADF of WMLE. The treatment also increased (a)and (a+b) of NDF and ADF of WMLE, (b) and (a+b) and RF and FDI of CEL of WMLE, (a) and (b) and (a-I-b) and FDI of HC of WMLE. NaOH+Urea treatment increased effective degradability of NDF, ADF, CEL and HC of WMLE. But the treatment could not increase effective degradability of ADL. The effect of Urea treatment was worst in chemical treatment. Y4,Y5 and Y8 treatment improved effective degradability of DM, NDF,ADF,HC,ADL and (a+b) of WMLE. The effect of Y8 treatment was best in microorganism treatment. The effect of mixture treatment was better than chemical or microorganism(Y4) treatment. The treatment improved effective degradability of DM,NDF,ADL of WMLE(53.64%, 89.07%, 116.98%, respectively).
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王星凌;赵红波;黄德建;王秀芹;孙家林;
试验采用3×3拉丁方设计,3头安装永久性大口径瘤胃瘘管的青年母牛饲喂3种不同精饲料的日粮,3种精饲料分别为豆粕+玉米(日粮1),猪血粉+玉米(日粮2)和豆粕+小麦(日粮3)。精料日喂量按活牛体重的1%喂给,干玉米秸等量组成的日粮配给。试验为3个试验周期,每一周期为37d,其中适应期26d,在早晨采食后2、4、8、16和24h,分别5次实施瘤胃掏空,全量测定瘤胃物存留量。结果表明:日粮1在采食后2～8h瘤胃干物质、液体和NDF的存留量最低,与其他两种日粮相比差异显著(P&0.05);日粮1和日粮3瘤胃液氨氮存留量在采食后2～8h始终高于日粮2(P&0.05),但日粮3在采食4h后瘤胃液氨氮开始下降,而日粮1至采食后16h开始下降,日粮1瘤胃液氨氮数量采食后2～8h处于高峰状态,说明瘤胃微生物在瘤胃环境长时间一直保持稳定的降解能力;日粮1和日粮3在采食2～4h后处于较高的总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)瘤胃存留量,日粮1在采食后8～16h瘤胃存留量降低,与日粮2和日粮3相比差异显著(P&0.05),日粮1对瘤胃VFA的快速移除,意味着瘤胃液的快速流出以及可能解释瘤胃固体物的快速移除。因此,日粮1和日粮3在牛瘤胃洗涤纤维降解和瘤胃液产物代谢模式发挥不同作用。
关键词： 蛋白质和碳水合化物饲料;瘤胃洗涤纤维降解;瘤胃产物代谢
国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD04A04-05-2);;
山东省科技厅攻关项目(22);;
山东省重大创新项目“奶牛精细饲养管理应用技术研究”的部分研究内容
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