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你可能喜欢英语中 直接引语转为间接引语 应该注意哪些_百度知道
英语中 直接引语转为间接引语 应该注意哪些
直接引语和间接引语详解 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” ——&He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——& My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——& She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——& He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——& She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——& Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——& Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——& He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——& The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——& Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——& Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——& He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” ——&He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——&He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——&He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——& He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——& Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——&He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如： 例如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——& The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.”——& He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——& He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——& The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——& She asked if she had to take the medicine. 〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 1）时间状语： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 now then tomorrow the next（following）day today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year） yesterday the day before two days ago two days before last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year） 2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I won't come here any more.”——& She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——&He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——& He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——& He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——& The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——& He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”——& He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——& He asked me whether I spoke English or French.. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——& I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“What's your name?”——& He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——& He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.”——& He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——& He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——& The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——& The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议”——&、“劝告”——&的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.”——& He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.”——& He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——&He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——& He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——& She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
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为您推荐：
现在完成时变过去完成时.总而言之1.sai后一般现在时变一般过去时,给我注意人称和动词的变换,改下人称. 2.一般将来时变过去将来时.一般过去时不变.say后动词不变
一、如何变人称;
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. &My brother wants to go with me. &→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. &How is your sister now?&→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人...
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出门在外也不愁初中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解与训练_百度文库
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你可能喜欢直接引语变间接引语和宾语从句的三个问题（专业人士进）_百度知道
直接引语变间接引语和宾语从句的三个问题（专业人士进）
or not，从句与主语时态一致）宾语从句也遵循此原则么.直接引语变间接引语时态与主句一致（即主句是一般现在时；不定式）.直接引语变间接引语属于宾语从句么，那么直接引语变间接引语也遵循此原则么？3；主句是一般过去式？2，从句时态不变；放句首.宾语从句中有四种情况只能用whether不能用if（介词1
4．时间状语的变化直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天that day那天this evening今晚that evening那天晚上yesterday昨天the day before前天yesterday morning昨天上午the morning before前天早晨last night昨天晚上the night before前天晚上two days ago两天前two days before两天前next week下周the next weekthe following week第二周tomorrow明天the next daythe following day第二天the day before yesterday前天two days before两天前the day after tomorrow后天in two days’ timetwo days after两天后e，over here不用改变.”→Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.g。(now变为then)Rebecca asked me，”或“；　　（2）有时态的变化;asked us to come in and sit down. He is always ready to help,“We will help you out of trouble，作宾语补足语.”大卫对我说.(改为直接引语)解题技巧.”→Joanna said that Professor Black was going to give a lecture on SARS the next week，tell(告诉)。e，需用“．”。Lily told me that she had phoned you：　　He said?—She said she will take this book。e,“Professor Black is going to give a lecture on SARS next week.Laura said。(一般现在时变为一般过去时)Martin told me.我说我不会灰心的，warn(警告)、地点状语和时间状语的变化.Carson says、“.—Jimmy，句末用句号.Chad said。e!”Cher said to us,“Can someone help me out，order(命令)，want to know(想知道)。（1）时态变化的情况如果主句为过去的某种时态，明天我们到夏威夷去旅行、当地转述时.Our English teacher said，我想去中国游览.”→Nell said that she was then visiting China，而是来自父母的爱,“You are interested in computer studies.丽莎说她愿意让我去参加宴会。②只着眼于转述事实.→The teacher advised that they should try one more time and see what would happen，则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，that不用改变。5．地点状语的变化常见的地点状语变化是把here：在说话者的当时，如下表所示，you要根据me改为me，this.“What a lovely day it is,“Evan is a nice boy,“These photos were taken ten years ago？—He asked if you will come here.g.我的姐姐问我能否把椅子拿到楼上去，爸爸说什么。③所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续。The girl asked me if I could help her。第二是is going to要改为was going to。(come变为go)特别提示当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时。(现在完成时改为过去完成时)Bob told me，would改为will。(bring变为take)Helen told me.Tina said.典例剖析例题1．Last Sunday my brother told me。(over here变为over there)特别提示在说话者的当时,“I will have all of you over and enjoy our free and easy time：　　He asked Li Ying if&#47.查德说他那个学期要选修文学。(this evening变为that evening)Joanna said,“The story took place in the 1930s.g.”→Carson says that he will have all of us over and enjoy our free and easy time、当地转述时.丽贝卡问我那天晚上是否有事?”→Bridget asked if&#47；　　（4）常用的引述动词有say(说道).特伦斯问我旅行时是否可以带着数码摄像机.马丁告诉我说他昨天已经给艾丽斯打电话了。”“Mary will give me a nice present。答案：“有人能帮我吗。具体有以下几种情况;whether引导的宾语从句)Carmen asked me、名言警句等，不作改变,“I have worked out this problem？—What does Robert say.”保拉说.雪儿让我们进来坐下.老师建议他们应再试一次看看结果如何.特玛拉问塔尼亚他们什么时候出发.Bridget said，尽管远离双方。(选择疑问句变为whether&#47。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)Nell said、冒号.”→Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.警察问我父母是干什么的。Perry told his parents。再加上引号.Lisa said that she’d like me to come to the party, but love from you。变化规则如下表所示、引号等、当地转述时.Chloe said。(the party为说话的中心)Terence asked me if I could bring my DV Camera on the trip.Toby said to me，wonder(想知道).这个男孩说那是他第一次到那个地方.They all shouted thatif…or…引导的宾语从句)“What are your parents and where do they live,“I usually get up at six,“I had worked here for years before I moved out，首先要知道这是一般关系问句的直接引语改为间接引语。Tamara asked Tanya when they would start off：“今年夏天.”→Roman told me that he had just put all the things over there。2．疑问句　　直接引语中的疑问句变为间接引语时必须用陈述句语序。e。”The doctor asked.The boy said，被转述的话依然有效或在当时，cry(喊道)，所说的话在转述时还起作用.g.我问莎莉她是和我呆在一起。1．陈述句　　将直接引语中的陈述句转化为间接引语时变成由that引导的宾语从句.”→The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood.They all shouted how lovely a day it was。①直接引语有确定的过去时间时，come, John”，ask(问道)、时间,“I won’t lose heart.尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。Charlie told me.g，advise(建议)等。人称you要根据Li Ying用he或she。(过去完成时不变)（2）时态不需要变化的几种情况　　一般说来当直接引语转为间接引语，住在哪里.”→Kerry told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.卡森说他会让我们都过来自由.”→Tim said she usually got up at six，时间状语不变，人称he改为I.佩里告诉他的父母说他想要的不是钱。e,“There’ll be a lecture tomorrow afternoon.→The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived, the teacher said.男孩说他在森林边上发现了那条狗。(第三人称he不变)2．时态的变化　　主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，go.”→Toby said to me that was the School Computer Cwhether引导的宾语从句)I asked Sally，repeat(重复)?”2．间接引语的特点　　间接引讲用来转述别人的话语.Mill said that he would stay in China for another year, please，此时应注意人称.”→I said that 1 wouldn’t lose heart：　　首先去掉连接词that.g.布里奇特问我们是否经常给父母写信.其中一个人告诉约翰不要紧张。否定句需要在不定式前加上not，explain(解释说)。注意。(二)直接引语与间接引语的转换　　直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语。答案，that可以省略?”→Rebecca asked me whether I had got anything on that evening.我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾学习不休息.乔安娜说布莱克教授第二周要做一场有关非典的讲座，be not sure(拿不准)。(第一人称I不变)I told Mary.例题3．He said that he would do it、“.”→Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now，smile(微笑道).The reporter said.”劳拉说，则间接引语中时态和原直接引语的时态一样!”,“I am just helping my dad on the farm right now.”→Our English teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy、地点等的变化,“I’d prefer you to come to the party this weekend：　　此句改为间接引语时需要改动的地方首先是人称I要根据主语my brother改为he.博比说：“我能看一会儿电视吗?”Paula said?”医生问，同时还应注意不同句式的变化.查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活，要改为ask(问)，而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间时.我告诉玛丽我们会帮助她解决麻烦的,“I’ll take this book：“自上周以来，要根据句意情景进行变化，advise(建议)等：“玛丽要给我一件精美的礼物，但yesterday要改为the day before，好吗，一般说来具有以下五个特点。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)Nina told me.内尔说她当时正访问中国，answer(答道)?”(改为间接引语)解题技巧.记者说战争依然在继续；　　（5）引出直接引语的引述动词常为say(说道);she was watching TV at this time the day before.鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才搬走,“Can I watch TV for a while.(this变为that)托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心、科学真理，smile(微笑道)？—He said we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow，tell(告诉)，cry(喊道).g.g，beg(乞求);whether he&#47?吉姆请到这边来,“What I want is not money。另外over here应变为over there，我一直病着.The boy said：　　Last Sunday my brother told me (that) he was going to see me the next day.Nell said：直接引语间接引语第一人称第三人称或第一人称第二人称第三人称或第一人称第三人称第三人称e.蒂娜说她通常六点起床。(一般疑问句变为if&#47。e。(the trip为说话的中心)(三)不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语　　人们在说话时常用四种不同的句式,“I rang Alice yesterday，order(命令)，变为there.g.”→Perry told his parents (that) what he wanted was not money but love from them,“This is the first time I have been here，不作任何改动.内尔说她已经做出了那道题目.他问你是否可以到这边来。答案，reply(答道)。(特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)3．祈使句　　祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式,“Could you bring the chairs upstairs.I said.卡门问我是否对电脑研究感兴趣。e.”→Helen told me that she would prefer me to go to the party that weekend：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时e、疑问句式，时态可以不用改。e,“Lisa is studying abroad，suggest(建议)。4．感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或how引导：　　（1）在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号?”→My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.海伦告诉我她愿意让我那个周末去参加宴会,“The war is now still on，shout(喊道)。e.”→Doctors usually advise (that) people should live a free and easy life?”丽莎问, Mummy.克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。有的祈使句表示建议需要改成“suggest&#47.”→Nell said that she had worked out that problem,”Bobbie said.(these变为those)克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的;whether I was interested in computer studies，并对此加以强调时。主句引述动词主要为say(说),“I’m going to see you tomorrow，here，要加连接词if或whether。—What did Daddy say just now，在间接引语中依然用bring。主句引述动词是say时。(第一人称we不变。6．方向性动词的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时.g，don’t know(不知道)。Kerry told me,“I will do it?”→Carmen asked me if&#47.g。④所转述的是自然现象.g.→One of them told John not to be so nervous?妈妈,“Were you watching TV at this time yesterday，还是自己独自去野餐;whether all of us often wrote to our parents。(next week变为the next week)特别提示在说话者的当时。(反意疑问句变为if&#47、轻松地好好玩一玩.“Come in and sit down.莉莉告诉我她给你打过电话。1．人称的变化　　直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时，be puzzled(纳闷)等，在转述这些不同的内容时应运用不同的句式.g,“I found the dog just at the edge of the wood:“What’s the matter with you；　　（3）有人称, we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.”→Bob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out,“People should live a free and easy life.例题2．He asked Li Ying，add(补充道)。Doctors usually advise：　　（1）被引用的话放在引号内.南希告诉父母说伊文是一个不错的小伙并且他总是乐于助人?”David said to me。第三是tomorrow要改为the next day,“All work no play makes Jack a dull boy，ask(问道), one of them said，并对此点加以强调时.他说明天我们去夏威夷旅行。e、祈使句式和感叹句式.g，add(补充道), Jim.”(改为间接引语)解题技巧.g.g。e.吉米.→They all shouted what a lovely day it was.”→The boy said that that was the first time he had been there, aren’t you.”→I told Mary that we would help her out of trouble,“Do all of you often write to your parents.海莉对我讲她第二天要在同一地点见我：“你怎么了，即陈述句式.—Will you come here。“Try one more time and see what will happen”,“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic，原主句引述动词say须改为ask(让)!”they all shouted.g。3．指示代词的变化直接引语中的this在变为间接引语时应改为that.”—What did Nora say just now。e。—Nora said?”→I asked Sally whether&#47。e，也可用that引导,“This is the School Computer Center,“I’m now visiting China。e。e.”Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.”→Chad said (that) he was going to take up literature that term、时态，表示方向性的动词bring。“Don’t always be so nervous。e，these改为those.→Cher told&#47.米尔说他将在中国再呆一年，believe(坚信)，聪明的孩子也变傻，come应变为take。”Justin asked his mother.g,“I would like to visit Cadvise that…+(should)+…”结构、当地转述时.”→The reporter said that the war is now still on，laugh(大笑道)等?”贾斯廷问妈妈。(here变为there)Roman told me?”the policeman asked me；　　（2）被引用的话是原话;if she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.罗曼告诉我他刚才把所有的东西都放在那边了.医生经常建议人们应该过得轻松愉快。”Lisa asked：”,“Have you got anything on this evening.”→Nancy told her parents that Evan was a nice boy and that he was always ready to help?”等标点符号,“I’m going to take up literature this term.g,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow?罗伯特刚才说什么.g,“I have been ill since 1ast week。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)Hayley said to me，think(认为).My sister asked me,“I just put all the things over here；　　（4）引用的话结束后：　　此句改为间接引语时。e；　　（3）引用的话之前用“，常常不改变时态，shout(喊道)，第二人you变为第三人称her)Nancy told her parents：“明天下午有一个讲座.小姑娘问我是否能帮她，order(命令)，它主要有如下几个特点，laugh(大笑道)等1．直接引语的特点　　直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语.”→Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s
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