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首页 >> 中国造纸杂志社 >> 中国造纸学报 >> 摘要 >> 《中国造纸学报》2007年第3期摘要
Structure Study of Formic Acid Insoluble Lignins from Wheat Straw
*E-mail:lclulin@
Abstract: Dewaxed wheat straw was treated with formic acid (ARmass concentration is 86. 24%) using 0.2 mol/lH2SO4 as catalyst at 65 for 4681012h and& at 5055606570 for 10h in which 24.518.714.512.410.226.021.614.89.8 residues were obtained respectively. Lignins were extracted and purified from the residues .The lignins were characterized by FT-IRGPC1HNMRPy-GC-MS. Carboxyl absorption observed in the FT-IR indicated that a remarkable oxidation of the lignin structure occurs during the acid treatment. 1HNMRPy-GC-MS analysis indicated that guaiacyl unit is the main structure and the content of syningyl unit is higher than hydroxybenzyl unit. Mw of lignin and lignin unit phenols content of the pyrolysis products from lignin decrease as temperature and time increase. That implies larger time and higher temperature of the acid treatment will accelerate the cleavage of α-arylβ-aryl ether linkage and condensation of the ligninbut the degree of cleavage is higher than condensation.
Key words: lignin
Study on the Cuticle of Bamboo Stem by means of SEM-EDXA (I)
LOU Xiao-guang
(* Email: Lcygqiu@)
Abstract: The morphologies of the cuticle of bamboo stem and the distribution of mineral elements in bamboo stem were studied. The results showed that the morphologies of cuticle of bamboo stem at different height are similar, and obviously different from that of other sorts of bamboo. The cuticle at the lower position of the P.bambusoides stem contains more sorts of mineral elements than that in higher position of the stem detected by SEM-EDXA. There are three kinds of granular groups on the outer-surface of cuticle of the P.bambusoides stem. The size of granules on the cuticle of the bamboo stem and the content of elements of CO and Si in the granules have poor homogeneity. In longitudinal section, the content of silicon in cuticle is the highest and it is followed by that in the parenchyma neighboring on the cuticle, and that in the inner organs far from the cuticle is too low to be determined by means of SEM-EDXA. The content and composition of the silicides in different parts and in various organs of cuticle of bamboo stem will be distinctly different.
Key words: SEM-EDXA; cu silicide
Study on the Cutide of Bamboo Stem by means of SEM-EDXA(Part)
LOU Xiao-guang
(* Email: lcygqiu@)
Abstract: The cuticle of bamboo stem was studied by means of SEM-EDXA. The results showed that two sorts of bamboo stem are obviously different from each other, not only in the cuticle morphologies, but also in ultra-structure. Although there is few stomata on the outer surface of the P.bambusoides stem cuticle, but there are many holes on the outer-surface and inner cell wall of cuticle to form a better air-exchanging system. There are many stomata on the outer-surface of Bambusoides stem cuticle, and each stomat is fully encircled with about ten granules. The cuticle cell is a longitudinally tube-like cell with multy layer cell wall, and each layer orients in different direction. The tri-angle like region, constructed by two adjacent cuticle cells and the outer-layer of cuticle is filled up with mass granules, which contain high silicon content. Some cell lumina are clogged with the high-silicon components.
Key words: ultra- air- tube- silicon content
Fast Classification of Different Wood Materials for Paper making Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy
XIE Yi-min2,3,*
Light Industry
Abstract: The classification of different wood materials for papermaking based on the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) was studied. The NIR spectra data of wood meal was transformed into second-derivative mode. In order to compress and extract the information used in the classification, the principal component analysis was used to analyze the data of second-derivative mode. The first and third principal components were chose to discriminate the different Materials through comparison. The results showed that the species of masson’s pine, populus and eucalypts were well discriminated. The method can be used in the rapid selection and analysis of wood materials' during the breeding and cultivating process.
Key words: Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR); W Classification
The Application of Vanadium Pentoxide in Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of NaOH-AQ Wheat Straw Pulp
CHEN Jia-chuan& YANG Gui-hua
(*E-mail: lichangyan_)
Abstract: In this paper, the application of vanadium pentoxide in chlorine dioxide bleaching of NaOH–AQ wheat straw pulp is reported. The result shows that vanadium pentoxide can be used as the bleaching activating agent, which has advantages of both reducing chlorate formation and enhancing bleaching efficiency of chlorine dioxide. The optimal conditions for vanadium pentoxide involved chlorine dioxide bleaching are as follows: vanadium pentoxide dosage 0.14%, temperature 70time 120 minand final pH4.0.
Key words: chlori HD bleaching
Surface Properties of Masson Pine Stone Groundwood Pulp Modified by Laccase/Mediator System
QIN Meng-hua1,3& XU Qing-hua1& SUN Run-cang2
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: Modification of Masson pine stone groundwood pulp with laccase/mediator system was studied in this paper. Surface properties of modified pulps were studied by ATR-IR, ESCA and the contact angle of the pulp was measured.The average length and coarseness of LMS modified fibers changed little compared with the control. The results from the measurement of fiber contact angle showed that hydrophilicity of the modified pulp was higher than that of the control. ATR-IR analysis showed that new carbonyl groups were formed during LMS treatment. ESCA analysis showed that O/C was higher than that of the control, and the surface lignin content decreased after LMS treatment.
Key words: laccase/ s surface properties.
Reactivity and Kinetic Characteristic of Laccase/Mediator towards Pulp
Abstract: The reactivity and kinetic characteristic of laccase/mediator towards unbleached kraft pulp under different conditions were studied. Enzymatic oxidation reaction of lignin was investigated by monitoring the oxygen consumption in a suspension of the pulp with a dissolved oxygen analyzer. By fitting to the real kinetic curves, the kinetic model was built based on the kinetic process of laccase/mediator catalyzed oxidation. It was found that methyl syringate (MS) combined with laccase showed the higher reactivity towards pulp than other mediators. When MS alone was treated by laccase in the absence of pulp, a small quantity of oxygen was consumed. When the pulp was treated by laccase alone, the oxygen concentration decreased rapidly in a few minutes at the beginning and then kept at the steady level. Oxygen in the sealed vessel was exhausted in less than half an hour when unbleached kraft pulp was treated with laccase/MS system. The laccase/MS catalyzed oxidation of lignin in pulp follows a single exponential function. Different pulps have different parameters of equations.
Key words: L u lignin
The Analysis of SEM and GPC on Laccase/MS-treated Unbleached Kraft Pulp
SHI Shu-lan 1,*&& LIU Na2& PEI Ji-cheng1,3
of Pulp and Paper,Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin,Light Industry , Ji nan , Shandong Province ,
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: In this paper, the improvement of the property of unbleached kraft pulp by laccase treatment was studied. Fiber morphology, molecular weight and distribution of lignin of the pulp before and after treatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The mechanism of wet-strength improvement of the pulp by laccase treatment was discussed. At the same time, the effect of the addition of MS in laccase treatment, molecular weight and its distribution of lignin , morphology of fiber was also studied. The results showed that the molecular weight of lignin decreased and lignin adhered to the fiber surface when the pulp was treated with laccase alone. However, the wet-tensile indexes of handsheets were improved only when the handsheets were dried with heating to improve the polymerization degree and adhesion area of lignin. On the other hand in the laccase treatment with MS, the handsheets could have better wet-tensile indexes without heating drying due to the increase of polymerization degree of lignin and the adhesion area between lignin and fibers.
Key words: L M Molecu Fiber surface morphology
The Colloidal Properties of Model Dispersion Materials Simulated to the Resin Containing in Masson TMP
HE Bei-hai2& PING Qing-wei1& LIU Bing-yue1& XING Xiao gong 1& SUN Yan-ning1
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: The main components which can cause pitch trouble in the process of paper making with Masson pine TMP was simulated by using fatty acid, resin acid and oleic triglyceride as model materials. The feasibility of using mixed resin model materials to simulate Masson TMP resin was evaluated based on the comparison of colloidal particle size distribution and zeta potential between mixed resin model materials and TMP resin. The particle size of models of different component was analyzed and the effect of pH value, temperature and consistency of electrolyte on the stability, being form and surface change of the colloidal particles of each models was discussed.
Key words: Masson pine TMP; model
Morphology of Sodium Fluoride modified Bentonite and its Retention and Drainage Efficacy Secondary Fibers
LIU Wen-Xia
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: XRD analysis shows that calcium ions in the layers of bentonite are replaced completely by sodium ions when 4% of sodium fluoride (based on the weight of bentonite) is used as ion-exchanger. The morphology of the bentonite and its suspension properties were observed and evaluated by TEM and conventional analysis methods respectively. It was found that the sodium fluoride-modified bentonite is dispersed as single layered structure and exhibits better suspensibility and dispensability, smaller particle size as well as lower dispersion viscosity compared with sodium carbonate-modified bentonite. Naturally, the bentonite modified by sodium fluoride has better retention and drainage efficacy secondary fibers compared with the bentonite modified especially it can sustain its good performance even after four weeks’ storage as a suspension. The suspending and dispersing properties as well as retention and drainage efficacy of the modified bentonite in secondary fibers are related to the dosage of the ion-exchangers. The greater improvement on the retention and drainage of the secondary fibers occurs when the calcium ions in the layers of the bentonite are just completely exchanged by the sodium ions of the ion-exchangers.
Key Words:
microparticle retention
E-mail:hxb1612@)
Abstract: In this experiment, flocculation -- acid precipitation -- electrolytsis -- activated sludge process is used to treat the black liquor from Xuan Paper Production. The result shows: 1) in flocculation stage, the optimal pH is 9.8, the dosage of polymeric aluminum floculant sulphate is 50mg/L2) in acid precipitation stage, the effluent from the flocculation stage is treated, the suitable pH is 4.0; 3) the effluent from acid precipitation stage is continuously treated in electrolysis stage, the electrolyte is potassium permanganate and its dosage is 200 mg/L, the time of electrolysis is 80 min, the removal rate of chroma is 82.35, the chroma in the effluent is 32 times. Although the concentration of CODCr is still high, the biodegradability of the treated wa 4) in the stage of activated sludge process, when the influent is diluted by water with the ratio of 3 to 1, the concentration of CODCr in effluent is 178.36mg/L. The chroma in final discharged water meets the requirement of A level of “The integrated wastewater discharge standard”, CODCr meets the B level of it.
Key words: wastewater from X activated sludge process
Studies on the Degradation Dioxins Polluter by White Rot Fungus Cultured in Chloro-bleaching Effluents
XU Xiao-feng& LIN Lu*& HE Bei-hai& JIANG Li-ping& YE Jun& AO Ri-gele& SUN Run-cang
(1.School of Engineering Technology, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085; 2. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail: xuxf@)
Abstract: This study was carried out to explore the ability of white-rot fungus Phlebia radiate I-5-6 cultured in CEH bleaching effluents to degrade of three kinds dioxins polluter. In 12 days cultivation, the degradation quantity is DF&2,7-diCDD&OCDF. The DF degradation reachs to pinnacle in 6 days to 9 days. The degradation rate of 2,7-diCDD and OCDF are almost linear with culture time. The highest degradation rate of DF is the 78.27 with 0 input of the CEH-bleaching effluents. But in 6 days, 9 days and 12 days cultivation when the CEH bleaching effluent input is 40, 60 and 80 respectively, the highest degradation rate of DF is 18.90, 34.49, 6.77 respectively. After 12 days cultivation, the highest degradation rate of 2,7-diCDD is 49.88. But in 6 days, 9 days and 12 days respectively, when bleaching effluent input is 40, 60 and 20 respectively, the highest degradation rate of 2,7-diCDD is 6.96, 16.20, 13.13 respectively. The highest degradation rate of OCDF is only 32.31 after 12days cultivation. This indicates that the CEH bleaching effluent input has insignificant impact on the degradation of OCDF.
Study on Treatment of Papermaking Wastewater with Cationic Polymer Flocculant
SUI Zhi-hui1,2,*&& LIU An-jun2&&& ZHAO Xin1
1School of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 1610062Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: A type of cationic flocculant polyquaternary ammonium acrylamide graft copolymer(PAQD) was prepared from acrylamide and poly-2-hydroxylpropyldiethyl ammonium chloride and was used as flocculant in the treatment of papermaking wastewater. The influence of pH value, flocculant dosage and temperature on flocculation effect was investigated. The results showed that this cationic flocculant had satisfactory results in papermaking wastewater treatment under the pH value ranging from 4 to 9. The removal rate of SS, CODCr and colourity was 91.8, 80.5 and 94.1 respectively in the condition where temperature was normal, pH value was 7.0 and flocculant dosage was 5mg/L. The temperature had little impact on the removal rate of CODCr. In comparison with the conventional flocculants, such as APAM(anionic polyacrylamide), NPAM(nonionic polyacrylamide), PAC(polyaluminium chloride) and PFS(polyferric sulfate), the flocculation performance of PAQD was the best. PAQD flocculant was characterized by less flocculant dosage, higher sedimentation rate, lower water content of the filter cake, clearer supernatant and lower remains of pollutants in papermaking wastewater.
Key words:&
pa wastewater treatment
Bio-discoloring of Effluent from Eucalyptus CTMP with White-rot Fungus
XU Xiao-fengHE Bei-haiLI Jun-rongLIN LuCHEN Yuan-caiLI Hai-ming*HU Zhi-jun
(State Key Lab of pulp & paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640)
(*E-mail:)
AbstractThe effluent of Eucalyptus CTMP was pretreated by using micro-electroyse method firstly, the biodegradability of the effluent was improved significantly after pretreatment. Several white-rot fungus were used to treat the pretreated effluent. It was found that the discoloring effect of the white-rot fungus was affected by inoculants, culture media, such as buffer system and activated additive, and culture method.
Key words white- E CTMP; colority
The Application of Cohesive Energy Ratio Methodin the Selection of Rosin Size Emulsifiers
WENG Jing-zheng*LIN Yue-liCHEN Shao-pinWU Zong-hua
(College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007)
(*E-mail:jackyweng@)
Abstract: The Cohesive Energy model of the emulsification systems of rosin and series surfactants of sodium sulfonate nonylphenol polyoxyethylene(10) succinate ethanol ester (called ST serial) was established. The R-ratio values of the above emulsification systems between 0 and 100 were calculated. The results of calculation showed that under the same temperature, the R-ratio values decreased when the length of carbon chain of the lower-alcohol of the emulsifier increased, the R-ratio values increased with temperature increasing, and only the R-ratio curves of ST-3 and ST-4 crossed the point of phase inversion (R=1), which indicated that both ST-3 and ST-4 have good emulsifying ability to rosin. The results of rosin emulsifying experiments were in accord with the results of calculation except ST-0.
Key words: The Cohesive Energy D R-ratio
(1.5231202.
Cationic Polyacrylamide Emulsion Preparation and Application in Bleached Wheat Straw Pulp
HU Hui-renWANG Yu-feng*WANG Song-lin
(Tianjin Key Lab of Pulp and Paper,Tianjin University of Science& TechnologyTianjin 300222)
E-mail:.cn)
Abstract: Copolymer consisting of acrylamide (AM) and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quarternary (DAC) was prepared by dispersion polymerization in a salt solution. The copolymer molecular structure was identified by IR and DSC. The size of the dispersed particles and their distribution were measured. The results showed that dispersion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) was successful. The copolymer could remarkably improve retention and drainage of bleached wheat straw pulp when it was used as retention and drainage aids.
Key words: cat bleac retention and drainage
Melamine-glyoxal Resin Preparation and Application as Water-resistance Agent in Coating
LAI Xiao-juanGE Xiao-juanSHEN Yi-ding*
(College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,& 710021)
(*E-mail:ydshen@)
Abstract: A modified melamine-glyoxal(MG) resin as water-resistance agent in coating was prepared successfully. The structure of the resin was characterized by FT-IR. The structure and physical properties of the coated paper were tested by SEM and other paper testing equipment respectively. The results showed that the paper which was treated with the diluted resultant MG solution with 2.0 solid content (mass fraction)obtained good properties. The wet strength and the picking speed of the coated paper were higher than 22.2 and 2.9m/s respectively, the printing ink absorbency was about 47. The composite system of the MG resin and starch had good cross—linkage and compatibility. The wet strength of the coated paper when the composite syetem of MG resin and starch was applied increased while the brightness decreased with the increase of the ratio of m(MG):m(Starch). The result of SEM showed that the fibers were well-knit with the compact structure after being coated by the modified melamine-glyoxal resin.
Key words: melamineglyoxalwater-resistance agentprintability
Factors on Longitudinal Tensile Strength of Softwood Tracheids Investigated with Zero-span Tension
YU Yan1,*JIANG Ze-hui1 REN Hai-qing2FEI Ben-hua2ZHANG Bo2
(1International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091)
*E-mail:yuyan@
AbstractZero-span tension of wood microtome sections with 80m in thickness was conducted to investigate the factors affecting longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids of Chinese Fir plantation wood. It was found& indicated that there exists a significant negative correlation between microfibril angle (MFA) of S2 layer and tensile strength of tracheids, the moisture content has insignificant effect on the tensile strength of tracheids with a little decrease of 1.5~10 when moisture content increases from 8~9e to water saturation. There exists positive correlation between degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose and tensile strength of tracheids when DP is less than 757, but above which DP has little impact on the tensile strength of tracheids. Serious delignification will weaken the stress transfer between lignin-hemicellulose matrix and cellulose microfibrils, and results in significant reduction of loading capacity of trachedis.
Key words: zero- tensile strength
Finite Element Analysis of Principal Axle of the Driving System of& Twin Screw refiner by Ansys
YAO Chun-de1LIU Xiao-ping1,*WANG Ping2
(1State Key Lab of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072; 2School of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300222)
(*E-mail:)
Abstract: On the basis of analyzing the structure and calculating the load of the principal axle of the system of twin screw refiner, the static finite element analysis and stress analysis for the shaft of the driving system is carried out by using ANSYS and the stress distribution and deformation distribution of the shaft are obtained. Rational arrangement of redial bearing is put forword after investigating various supports.
Key words: ANSYS
Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel Welding SeamWelded by the Modified Welding Rod in Ammonium Sulfite Solution
LEI A-li*&& ZHANG Sheng-chaoFENG La-jun
School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,710048
(*&E-mail:)
Abstract: In order to solve the severe corrosion problem of welding seam of pulping equipment in the ammonium sulfite solution, the corrosion behavior of the carbon steel welding seam welded by a modified welding rod was studied in 5-11% (NH4)2SO3 solution at the temperature ranging from room temperature to 80. The modified welding rod was prepared by adding Ni powder into the J422 coating of carbon steel welding rod, which provided Ni for the welding seam.. The effect of different Ni content on the corrosion behavior of the carbon steel welding seam in the ammonium sulfite solution was studied through three electrodes galvano-chemistry test and microstructure analyze. .The results showed that the introduction of Ni element can refine the crystal grains in the welding seam, increase the polarizability, self-corroded potential and corrosion resistance and decrease self-corroded current in the ammonium sulfite solution. The welding seam containing 1.2%Ni& has the best corrosion resistance in the ammonium sulfite solution.
Key Words: ammonium sulfite; welding seam corrosion; alloying; galvano-chemistry
1.7100212.710049
Research on Whitening and Filtering Color Noise in Soft measurement Signal of Beating Degree
ZHOU Qiang1, 2
1. Shaanxi University of Science and technology Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, 2. School of Electronic and Information of Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710049
Abstracts: Aiming at the interference of the color noise in the real signal in beating soft degree measurement, a novel filtering noise method based on whitening color noise is proposed. Soft measurement signal of beating degree is separated from measurement noise which can not be considered as white noise. The AR model of color noise is established and the noise is whitened based on the AR model, measurement noise is filtered by cross-correlation analyze. The application of this model in beating system has got good result.
Key words: soft measureme cross- c AR model
Paper Machine Variable Pump Fault Diagnosis Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
SHU& Fu-hua
(School of mechanical & electrical engineering, wuhan university of technology, Hubei, Wuhan Province, 430070)
(*E-mail:)
AbstractA fuzzy neural network model was presented for paper machine variable pump intelligent fault diagnosis. Considering the rotation speed is changeable when during the variable pulp running, the pump vibration signal was pretreated by order tracking analysis based on digital resampling so as to transform the non-smooth signal to be smooth signal. That order domain signal was taken as characteristic parameters to diagnose three typical variable pump faults. Composite algorithm was used for network training, premise parameters were decided by usage of BP and conclusion parameters were decided by usage of RLS. It gave full play its self-study ability and knowledge expression ability of fuzzy neural network. Fault diagnosis test showed its accuracy and efficiency.
Key words:
fault diagnosis
Self-adaptative Fuzzy Prediction Control in the Moistureand Basis Weight Uncoupling Control
ZHANG Bo*&& ZHANG Gen-baoLI Yan
(College of Electric& Information Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province,710021)
(* E-mail:)
Abstract: Considering the characteristics of time variable, nonlinear, lager delay time phenomenon of water and basis weight control system, the controller on automation fuzzy Smith control is stated to uncoupling the basis weight and moisture. It can perfectly overcome entire delay on the system. The results of the experiment show that the control system has perfect performance, and also possesses better robustness and high precision.
Key words: Basis W M Automation Fuzzy Uncoupling Control
The application of spectroscopy technologies in lignin structural characterization
ZHANG Ai-ping1,*& LIU Chuan-fu1,2& SUN Run-cang1,2& REN Jun-li1& WANG Xin-ai1
1. State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper EngineeringSouth China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, . Key Lab of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510650
(*&E-mail:)
Abstract: Spectroscopy technologies have been quickly developed in last decades, and have been one of the important and powerful tools for structural characterization. The paper reviewed the application of UV, IR, ESR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D 1H 13C –NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopies in the study of lignin chemistry.
Key words: UV; IR; NMR; ESR
Research Progress of Nano-technology Application in Pulp and Paper Waste Water Treatment
DING Ming-jie1,*& QIN Ming-li1& CHEN Si-shun1& CHEN Xin-hua1& ZHAO Shu-wei2 LI Yan-lin1LI Hong-li1
(1.Luohe Vocational and Technical College,& Luohe, He'nan Province 462000;2.China Shengma Group Company Limited,Pingdingshan, He'nan Province, 467000)
(*&E-mail:)
Abstract: The application of nano-technology in pulp & paper-making industry wastewater treatment is summarized, focusing on nano-TiO2 photo-catalyzed oxidation, nanofiltration membranes, and nanoflocculation are emphasized. The research progress in this area is introduced.
Key words: Nano-T Pulp & Paper- Wastewater Treatment
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