求大神翻译这几句话。谢谢。_百度知道&Bereishit& Marked the End: Recollections by Moshe Hiyug of the Only Hebrew Periodical in the Soviet Union / &??????& ???? ???? ???: ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? &??????& on JSTOR
If You Use a Screen ReaderThis content is available through Read Online (Free) program, which relies on page scans. Since scans are not currently available to screen readers, please
We'll provide a PDF copy for your screen reader.
&Bereishit& Marked t...
&Bereishit& Marked the End: Recollections by Moshe Hiyug of the Only Hebrew Periodical in the Soviet Union / &??????& ???? ???? ???: ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? &??????&
???? ?????? and Hagit Halperin
Kesher / ???
No. 19 (??? 1996), pp. 82-95
Published by:
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/
Page Count: 14
Cite This Item
Copy Citation
Export Citation
(For EndNote, ProCite, Reference Manager, Zotero…)
(For BibTex)
Note: Always review your references and make any necessary corrections before using. Pay attention to names, capitalization, and dates.
Article Tools
You have javascript disabled.
In order to preview this item and view access options please enable javascript.
Since scans are not currently available to screen readers, please
We'll provide a PDF copy for your screen reader.
Read on our site for free
Pick three articles and read them for free. After two weeks, you can pick another three articles.
Read Online (Beta)
Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. To access this article, please
We'll provide a PDF copy for your screen reader.
Add to your shelf
Read this item online for free by registering for a MyJSTOR account.
Already have an account?
How does it work?
Register for a MyJSTOR account.
Add up to 3 free items to your shelf.
Items added to your shelf can be removed after 14 days.
Preview not available
The last Hebrew periodical to be published in the Soviet Union was discontinued exactly 70 years ago, in 1926. The difficulties encountered in publishing it reflect the demise of Hebrew culture in the Soviet Union then and the disillusionment of local Hebrew writers who had been ardent believers in the Russian Revolution. The founder and moving spirit of the magazine was Moshe Hiyug (A ), a Hebraist who was a confirmed "Octoberist" and who saw no conflict between his devotion to the Russian Revolution and Russian culture, and his commitment to Hebrew literature and language. Even after the Revolution, he continued sending his short stories abroad to be published in such Hebrew periodicals as Hashilo'ah and Moznayim. Hiyug's letters to his brother, Shalom Ben-Avram, also a Hebrew writer, as well as written and taped reminiscences by him, provide a rare insight into the fate of Hebrew culture in that time and place. Early in the 1920s, Hiyug became convinced that inasmuch as the Communist state allowed writers of various nationalities to express themselves in their native languages, they would by the same token recognize the role of Hebrew literature. In this way, he believed, it would be possible to preserve Hebrew culture while also creating a synthesis between the Revolution and the "new Jew" of the Communist era. Recruiting the Hebrew poet Shimon Haboneh (Tarbukov), Hiyug founded the "Bereishit" ("Genesis") group in 1923, joined by Avraham Kariv (Krivorotchke), Yosef Leib Tcheftman and Yitzhak Norman (Simanovski), with the aim of publishing a Hebrew magazine. Obtaining a permit from the state censor proved a formidable obstacle, as the "Yevsektsiya" — the Soviet department for Jewish affairs — which was led by Jews, was more extreme than other branches of the government in its determination to destroy Zionist institutions and Hebrew culture. Hiyug, who was on the staff of the Military Revolutionary Council at the time, used every possible contact in high places to help him obtain the permit. Eventually, it was granted through connections at the Leningrad censorship office. This, however, was only the first of a series of obstacles. Printing the Hebrew-language publication was the next problem, namely, finding a press that had Hebrew letters and that was willing to undertake the job. In the end, the few suitable presses in the Soviet Union refused, apparently out of fear, and the solution was a press in Berlin. Because of poor communication links between the Soviet Union and Germany, however, the typeset text could not be proofread, and was received from Berlin with multiple errors. Another difficulty was funding the publication. An approach by Hiyug to the Moscow Jewish community was rejected on the basis that the publication, which was unreservedly pro-regime, made no effort to portray the difficult situation of the Jews in the Soviet Union. Hiyug also corresponded with the Hebrew Writers' Association of Palestine — even though at the time he opposed Zionism — and although that body had no funds available, it expressed support for the Bereishit group. He did receive a small amount of funding from the Zionist Hehalutz movement in Russia, which was devoted to Jewish land settlement. The Habimah Theater in Moscow provided more substantial aid by devoting half the proceeds of a performance of "The Golem" to Hiyug's cause. An additional difficulty was ideological differences of opinion between the founders as to whether the publication would be Communistic — the point of view espoused by Hiyug — or would present varied representative views of Jewish life in the Soviet Union, the view supported by the Zionist faction led by Avraham Kariv. Hiyug held Communist discipline as supreme, declaring a willingness to accept even the sacrifice of Hebrew culture in Russia for the sake of that cause — a view that was unacceptable to the Zionists. None of these difficulties, however, were as distressing to Hiyug as the poor reception afforded Bereishit when it finally appeared in 1926. Few Hebrew-speakers were left in the Soviet Union, and those who remained were apparently fearful of acquiring a Hebrew publication. Hiyug had devoted over three years to publishing the magazine. Its failure represented the end of any hope of Hebrew-language self-expression in the Soviet Union. The magazine contained close to 200 pages, and included works by Hiyug, Tcheftman, Haboneh, Norman, Kariv, Yokheved Bat-Miriam, Shmuel Novik, Dan Pines, Gershon Hanovitz, M. Bat-Hama and Yitzhak Cohen. Several stories of Isaac Babel's also appeared, translated by Hiyug from Russian to Hebrew with the author's approval. The revolutionary aspect of the magazine was reflected in its futuristic cover and poems written in the style of Mayakovski, all emphasizing the "new man." However, a manifesto-like article by Hiyug, while bravely calling for the unity of the "Hebrew Octoberists" throughout the world, reveals the palpable sense of the impending end of Hebrew self-expression conveyed throughout the publication. Hiyug urges the abandonment of the past, but cannot assure a positive future. With the death of Trotsky (whom Hiyug admired) and the rise of Stalin, the Soviet Union hardened its policy toward the Jews and declared Hebrew a counterrevolutionary language, making the continuation of the periodical impossible and resulting in the disillusionment of the "Hebrew Octoberists." Some of them emigrated to Palestine. Those who remained discontinued their Hebrew endeavors. But the advent of World War II and the Holocaust impelled the survivors to renew their Hebrew literary efforts and a small group, which included Hiyug, reorganized in 1943. However, a secret agent had been planted in the group, and the result was their arrest and eventual exile to Siberia, where most died. The few who survived, including Hiyug, were released in the post-Stalin era, broken in body and spirit. The Hebraists maintained contact with each other in the camps and thereafter. A dominant figure among them was Zevi Freigerson, who, while not a member of the Bereishit group, was close to it. He kept diaries of his experiences in the camps and thereafter until his death in the Soviet Union in 1969, including a series of discussions with Hiyug in 1964 for the purpose of documenting the latter's recollections of his activities during the 1920s. Freigerson's diaries were brought to Israel by his children when they immigrated in 1974, and parts were published. In retrospect, Hiyug realized that there never was any chance of developing Hebrew culture in the Soviet Union or publishing a periodical. He also revised his opinion of the Zionist movement, which at the time had appeared to him reactionary but which he acknowledged as having contained a large measure of insight.
Page Thumbnails
JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways.
& ITHAKA. All Rights Reserved. JSTOR&, the JSTOR logo, JPASS&, and ITHAKA& are registered trademarks of ITHAKA.
Processing your request...This site’s mission is to present a brutally honest picture of the current state of the United States Marine Corps.
Getting Started:
The following are basic rules for posting on this site:
Be polite towards others on this site: Personal “attacks” on others do nothing except make you look foolish.
No “Trolling”: Legitimate questions, comments, personal experiences, etc are all welcome. However, posts that lack substance or that were made specifically to elicit a negative response will not be tolerated. Trolls will be banished.
Respect OPSEC: If this applies to you (currently enlisted, commissioned, contract civilian, etc, etc) abide by it.
The MODS will delete comments that fail to uphold OPSEC
You are allowed to post anonymously here: Please do so if you feel the need to. You can do so by using a fake email and fake name in the comment section. Example: Name “USMCdude” Email “”
As the types of potential issues to be found in the Marine Corps are myriad, we will generally not place restrictions on the possible topics of discussion. That said, some topics simply do not contribute to the mission of this site in any way. The following topics of discussion serve only to derail conversations and will not be tolerated:
Conspiracy Theories: Aliens, Area 51, the “9/11 Truth” movement and such other conspiracies have no bearing on whether or not the Marine Corps is living up to its reputation as an elite organization.
“Anti-Government” Content: Except insofar as the actions of the U.S. government directly impact the function of the Marine Corps, anti-government posts do not contribute to the mission of the site. (i.e. Posts about a militarized police force are irrelevant to the mission of this site.) However, criticisms of the U.S. government may be relevant in raising questions about possible safeguards that could be put in place to prevent abuse of military power by government officials.
We understand that “censorship” is a dirty word in most of the world today, that said, you have the entire internet to talk about conspiracy theories and political revolutions. While on this site, please limit conversation to relevant topics.