The MobileBroadband Standard
LTE-Advanced
LTE-Advanced Pro
LTE (both radio and core network evolution) is now on the market. Release 8 was frozen in December 2008 and this has been the basis for the first wave of LTE equipment. LTE specifications are very stable, with the added benefit of enhancements having been introduced in all subsequent 3GPP Releases.
The motivation for LTE
Need to ensure the continuity of competitiveness of the 3G system for the future
User demand for higher data rates and quality of service
Packet Switch optimised system
Continued demand for cost reduction (CAPEX and OPEX)
Low complexity
Avoid unnecessary fragmentation of technologies for paired and unpaired band operation
LTE Overview
Author: Magdalena Nohrborg, for 3GPP
LTE (Long Term Evolution) or the E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network), introduced in 3GPP R8, is the access part of the Evolved Packet System (EPS). The main requirements for the new access network are high spectral efficiency, high peak data rates, short round trip time as well as flexibility in frequency and bandwidth.
Figure 1 Network Solutions from GSM to LTE
GSM was developed to carry real time services, in a circuit switched manner (blue in figure 1), with data services only possible over a circuit switched modem connection, with very low data rates. The first step towards an IP based packet switched (green in figure 1) solution was taken with the evolution of GSM to GPRS, using the same air interface and access method, TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). To reach higher data rates in UMTS (Universal Mobile Terrestrial System) a new access technology WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) was developed. The access network in UMTS emulates a circuit switched connection for real time services and a packet switched connection for datacom services (black in figure 1). In UMTS the IP address is allocated to the UE when a datacom service is established and released when the service is released. Incoming datacom services are therefore still relying upon the circuit switched core for paging. The Evolved Packet System (EPS) is purely IP based. Both real time services and datacom services will be carried by the IP protocol. The IP address is allocated when the mobile is switched on and released when switched off. The new access solution, LTE, is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and in combination with higher order modulation (up to 64QAM), large bandwidths (up to 20 MHz) and spatial multiplexing in the downlink (up to 4x4) high data rates can be achieved. The highest theoretical peak data rate on the transport channel is 75 Mbpsin the uplink, and in the downlink, using spatial multiplexing, the rate can be as high as 300 Mbps.
The LTE access network is simply a network of base stations, evolved NodeB (eNB), generating a flat architecture (figure 2). There is no centralized intelligent controller, and the eNBs are normally inter-connected viathe X2-interface and towards the core network by the S1-interface (figure 2). The reason for distributing the intelligence amongst the base-stations in LTE is to speed up the connection set-up and reduce the time required for a handover. For an end-user the connection set-up time for a real time data session is in many cases crucial, especially in on-line gaming. The time for a handover is essential for real-time services where end-users tend to end calls if the handover takes too long.
Figure 2. X2 and S1 Interfaces
Another advantage with the distributed solution is that the MAC protocol layer, which is responsible for scheduling, is represented only in the UE and in the base station leading to fast communication and decisions between the eNB and the UE. In UMTS the MAC protocol, and scheduling, is located in the controller and when HSDPA was introduced an additional MAC sub-layer, responsible for HSPA scheduling was added in the NB. The scheduler is a key component for the achievement of a fast adjusted and efficiently utilized radio resource. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is set to only 1 ms. During each TTI the eNB scheduler shall:
·consider the physical radio environment per UE. The UEs report their perceived radio quality, as an input to the scheduler to decide which Modulation and Coding scheme to use. The solution relies on rapid adaptation to channel variations, employing HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) with soft-combining and rate adaptation.·prioritize the QoS service requirements amongst the UEs. LTE supports both delay sensitive real-time services as well as datacom services requiring high data peak rates. ·inform the UEs of allocated radio resources. The eNB schedules the UEs both on the downlink and on the uplink. For each UE scheduled in a TTI the user data will be carried in a Transport Block (TB). DL there can be a maximum of two TBs generated per TTI per UE – if spatial multiplexing is used. The TB is delivered on a transport channel. &In LTE the number of channels is decreased compare to UMTS. For the user plane there isonly one shared transport channel in each direction. The TB sent on the channel, can therefore contain bits from a number of services, multiplexed together.&
To achieve high radio spectral efficiency as well as enable efficient scheduling in both time and frequency domain, a multicarrier approach for multiple access was chosen by 3GPP. For the downlink, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) was selected and for the uplink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access) also known as DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) spread OFDMA (figure 3).
Figure 3 OFDMA and SC-FDMA
OFDM is a multicarrier technology subdividing the available bandwidth into a multitude of mutual orthogonal narrowband subcarriers. In OFDMA these subcarriers can be shared between multiple users. The OFDMA solution leads to high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) requiring expensive power amplifiers with high requirements on linearity, increasing the power consumption for the sender. This is no problem in the eNB, but would lead to very expensive handsets. Hence a different solution was selected for the UL. As illustrated in figure 3, the SC-FDMA solution generates a signal with single carrier characteristics, hence with a low PAPR. To enable possible deployment around the world, supporting as many regulatory requirements as possible, LTE is developed for a number of frequency bands – E-UTRA operating bands- currently ranging from 700 MHz up to 2.7GHz. The available bandwidths are also flexible starting with 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz. LTE is developed to support both the time division duplex technology (TDD) as well as frequency division duplex (FDD). In R8 there are 15 bands specified for FDD and eight bands for TTD. In R9 four bands were added for FDD. Also added in R9 were for example Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), and Home eNB (HeNB), see figure 4. MBMS is used to provide broadcast information to all users, for example advertisement, and multicast to a closed group subscribing to a specific service, e.g. streaming TV. HeNBs are introduced mainly to provide coverage indoors, in homes or offices.The HeNB is a low power eNB that will be used in small cells – femto cells. Normally it will be owned by the customer, deployed without any network planning and connected to the operators EPC (Evolved Packet Core).
&Figure 4&New in LTE R9: a) &MBMS, b)& HeNB.
Further reading
·TS 36.211 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation·TS 36.212 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Multiplexing and channel coding·TS 36.213 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures·TS 36.300 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); O Stage 2·TS 36.321 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification·TS 36.331 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification·TS 36.413 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); S1 Application Protocol (S1AP)·TS 36.423 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)
LTE Historical Information
The technical paper
is a good starting point.
Initiated in 2004, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) project focused on enhancing the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and optimizing 3GPP’s radio access architecture.
of specifications, covers the "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)".
See also - the technologies page on , which describes the work beyond LTE Release 8/9.
(C)3GPP 2017联想小新Air12怎么样呀，不怎么玩游戏，看看视频网页之类的！！谢谢解答
微信公众账号ZOL问答堂
关注微信，随时随地解答您的疑惑
ZOL问答堂官方微博@ZOL问答堂
关注成功！该问题被回答后，将给您发送站内短信。
您也可以通过关注问答堂微信，及时获得您关注问题的回答。
微信关注问题方法“”联想A5890参数 联想A5890功能介绍 3533手机世界
联想A5890参数功能
最新报价：
机身内存：
网络模式：TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA/GSM
电池容量：3000毫安时
外观：直板
主屏尺寸：5.5英寸
GPS导航：支持
触摸屏：支持 电容屏
支持多点触控
存储卡：MicroSD (TransFlash)
摄像头像素：
主:800万像素
副:200万像素
铃声格式：
操作系统：Android 5.1
距离传感器
产品类型：3G手机,4G手机,智能手机,平板手机,拍照手机,四核手机
外观类型：直板
体积（高x宽x厚）：152 x 76.2 x 8.5mm
主屏幕像素：像素
待机模式：双卡多模
网络制式：TD-LTE/TD-SCDMA/GSM
适用频率：2G:GSM 800/18003G:TD-SCDMA 10-20254G:TD-LTE 20-35MHz
系统界面：Android 5.1
CPU频率：1GHz 联发科 MT6735P
CPU核心数：4四核
电池规格：3000毫安时
键盘类型：虚拟键盘
可选颜色：融雪白、酷炫黑
产品重量：145.5克
无线WLAN：WIFI
数据线接口：Micro USB v2.0
主屏幕参数
屏幕像素密度：
主屏幕尺寸：5.5寸
主屏幕颜色：1600万色
主屏幕触摸屏：电容屏
主屏幕多点触控：支持
光线传感：支持
铃声格式：, MID铃声, WAV铃声, AAC铃声, AMR铃声, OGG铃声
RAM大小：2GB
储存容量：16GB
内存卡：MicroSD (TransFlash)
扩展容量：32GB
主摄像头参数
主摄像头像素：800万像素
主摄像头传感器类型：CMOS
闪光灯：LED闪光灯
多媒体娱乐功能
主摄像头参数
副摄像头像素：200万像素
数据网络功能
办公助理功能
热门联想手机排行榜
Copyright & , All Rights Reserved您现在的位置： &
技术知识库
Lenovo ideapad MIIX 510-12ISK MIIX 510-12ISK LTE使用说明书
文章编号:152333&&&&& 11:20:41
适用主机型号:114:笔记本;版本:V1.0
附加文档1:
声明：联想网站提供的技术方案或与您产品的实际情况有所差异，您需在完整阅读方案并知晓其提示风险的情况下谨慎操作，避免造成任何损失。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
如果您对本文章有任何疑问或想进一步了解相关问题，请通过进行交流。&&
如果您需要其他帮助请访问 &也可以通过
获得技术支持&&|&&责编：李诺
&&&&又逢9月开学季，随着新鲜感慢慢消失，新生们很快就会发现，期盼已久的美好大学生活，也潜伏着一个个艰难的考验。比考试周到图书馆占座更为拥挤的，其实是用校园网参与集体选课；比高数考试难度系数更高的，其实是抢一张放假回家的火车票；比熬夜写论文更心塞的，其实是晚上在宿舍追剧的时候突然断网……虽然我们已经处在了一个“互联网+”的时代，但校园网的卡顿依然是学生心中难以言说的痛。&&&&现在，联想小新全新推出的小新Air&12&LTE版，不仅具备良好的办公性能，而且为大家全力解决校园网带来的困扰！内置4G通信模块，出厂自带长达12个月共48G全国流量，让你无需连接Wi-Fi网络，通过内置的“懂的上网”App，即可进行随时随地一键上网，而且保证上网速度。联想小新Air&12&LTE版是在联想的Lenovo&Connect战略背景下，推出的一款全新产品，通过联想懂的通信，整合国内运营商资源，来实现设备与人、与网络、与设备、与数据、与服务之间的无缝连接，从而满足年轻人&“随时在线”的生活方式，带来全新的升级体验。8月29日，联想小新Air&12&LTE版正式开售（开售链接：），抢购价仅需3999元。现在购买，更可免费得到价值2400元，长达12个月，共计48G的全国流量包。火速点击链接进行抢购，让联想小新助你引爆校园热点吧！引爆热点一：选课抢票&畅通无阻&&&&作为4K价位中首款内置流量的，联想小新Air&12&LTE版本支持4G网络，不用随身携带一个外接网卡，就能轻松帮你实现随时随地极速上网，最高速度可以达到150&Mbps，下载一部1GB的高清电影，只需要不到1分钟。小新Air&12&LTE版的4G上网技术，由联想懂的通信公司提供服务支持，操作十分简单，只需注册成功后点击“连接”，即可一键激活流量包，开机就能迅速上网。&&&&有了随时随地都能上网的小新Air&12&LTE版，选课抢票再也不是难题。当别的同学还在苦苦用校园网刷新网页，想要选课却怎么也连接不上的时候，你只需打开联想小新Air&12&LTE版，一键上网，便可轻轻松松用4G流量优先进入选课系统，锁定自己心仪的课程，尽享他人羡慕眼光。同样，在假期回家一票难求的时刻，使用联想小新Air&12&LTE版的内置流量，便可随时随地进行抢票轻松避开拥挤的校园网，让你在校园高峰用网时段脱颖而出。此外，自带流量的联想小新Air&12&LTE版还能让你在面临校园断网的时刻不再慌张，一键即可进行连接，使用内置流量继续上网，摆脱断网困境，让校园生活畅通无阻。引爆热点二：轻薄时尚&外观吸睛&&&&联想小新Air&12&LTE版不仅拥有自带4G流量，可以随时随地上网的技能，更是延续了一小新Air系列一贯的“高颜值”风格，机身厚度13.4mm，重量仅为1.2kg，让你轻松随身携带。同时，机身内部结构配备了金属骨架，为机身稳固可靠提供了多一层保障。不仅如此，金属外观的机身还采用了CNC钻石切割技术，一体成型，更加美观。&&&&&联想小新Air&12&LTE版设计简约不庸俗，充满青春气息的外观定会让人眼前一亮，同时，轻薄稳固的机身便携性极高，方便大学生随身携带使用，让你彻底摆脱传统笨重带来的负担。带着外在时尚，内在稳固的联想小新Air&12&LTE版进入课堂或图书馆，一定会吸引全部目光，让你成为真正闪耀的焦点。引爆热点三：实力办公&高效靠谱&&&&除了具备高颜值的特性，联想小新Air&12&LTE版还是一款实力兼备的产品，采用了英特尔第六代酷睿M3处理器，自如应对各种需求。同时，配备了128G&SSD，迅猛的读写速度，让你轻松实现快速开机。此外，联想小新Air&12&LTE版还搭配了16:10&1200P屏幕，让小机身也能呈现大视野，优化了娱乐体验，丰富你的校园生活。更为贴心的是，小新Air&12采用了无风扇设计，使机身几乎静音运行，让你告别噪音烦扰。&&&&配置优良的联想小新Air&12&LTE版，能够轻松满足一切办公学习的需求，成为你靠谱的得力助手，流畅快速的反应速度，让你使用起来更加顺心，轻松产出高质量论文。不仅如此，联想小新Air&12&LTE版还提供良好的娱乐体验，让你在认真学习之余也能随时放松心情，安静享受休闲时刻。引爆热点四：云端体验&精彩生活&&&&联想小新Air&12&LTE版不仅配置优良，还深度结合联想云服务，为你提供校园网之外更加前沿，更加先进的精彩互联生活。联想云盘不仅具备随时随地进行数据访问的功能，且能够多终端协同使用，方便快捷。同时，数据能够自动与本地同步，并能轻松实现云端编辑，让你使用起来高效省心。在图书馆未完成编辑的论文，只需上传至云端，无需进行U盘拷贝，回到宿舍可以用笔记本马上进行文件同步，实时编辑，十分方便。&&&&不仅如此，联想云服务为你提供最先进的互联时代新技术，特有的一键换机功能，为你提供更加人性化的体验，只需登陆自己的账号，即可一键将旧电脑上的设置偏好及下载转移到新电脑之中，让你告别繁琐的新机安装程序。此外，联想的照片大师软件还可提供相片的一键冲印服务，从手机端同步上传到电脑的照片，仅需一步就能进行冲印，难忘时刻能够随时记录，引爆精彩校园生活。&&&&3999元就能买自带流量的4G笔记本，引爆校园热点，畅享极速网络，尽享永不掉线的校园生活。联想小新Air&12&LTE版已经火爆开售，现在入手，更可免费得到价值2400元，长达12个月，共计48G的全国流量包。赶紧猛戳链接参与抢购，火速抢占校园最热点吧！&抢购链接京东商城：联想官方商城：
提示：支持键盘“← →”键翻页
产品定位 屏幕尺寸
投诉欺诈商家:
天津重庆哈尔滨沈阳长春石家庄呼和浩特西安太原兰州乌鲁木齐成都昆明贵阳长沙武汉郑州济南青岛烟台合肥南京杭州东莞南宁南昌福州厦门深圳温州佛山宁波泉州惠州银川
本城市下暂无经销商
下载中关村在线Android 客户端
下载中关村在线 iPhone 客户端
下载中关村在线Windows8客户端
成为中关村在线微信好友
4￥62995￥69996￥45997￥68998￥46999￥599910￥6699