动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别
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动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别
动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别& & & &主语+动词+it+宾补+doing/to do sth.这个句型中，动词通常是consider, make, find, feel, think等。当宾补是no good, no use ,useless, worth, busy时，真正宾语须用动名词 ；其他情况用动词不定式。问1)上面的内容是否全对?(2)用动名词的词你帮我再列一些.(尽量能够多些,上次提问的"找规律"列的单词少,可以不用举例子)答1)对。2)常用的上次基本上都給你列出来了。下面是我收集的有关这方面的比较详细的资料，希望能对你有所帮助。另预祝你在考试中取得好成绩。英语中有的及物动词只能跟动名词作宾语；有的及物动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语；但也有及物动词的宾语既是动名词又是动词不定式。朋友们在学习中应注意其区别：一、在want，decide，promise，refuse，agree，wish，hope，expect等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式，不是动名词。如：1.I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她谈谈。2.Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。3.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。4.My mother refused to go there with us.我妈妈拒绝和我们一起去那里。二、在一些动词后要求只跟动名词作宾语：1、在finish，enjoy，mind suggest，practise，admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，consider 考虑，delay 推迟，deny 否认，discuss 讨论，dislike 不喜欢，enjoy 喜爱，escape 逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy 设想，finish 完成，forbid 禁止，forgive 原谅，give up 放弃，imagine 想像，keep 保持，mention 提及，mind 介意 & miss 没赶上，pardon 原谅，permit 允许，practise 练习，prevent 阻止，put off 推迟，report 报告，risk 冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 理解，1. I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。2. I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。3. Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。4. He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。5. You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。6. Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去?7.I can’t understand neglecting children like that. 对孩子那样毫不经心，我不能理解。8. We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。9. Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗好吗？10.These books are well worth reading.这些书值得读。11.My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。12.My father has given up smoking.我父亲戒烟了。13.Everyone in my class enjoys playing football.我班人人喜欢踢足球。14. Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulation.15. The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.16. Would you mind opening the window?17. The murderer denied killing the rich man.18. I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.2、有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有：insist on, be worth，give up，object/objection to，put off，keep on，insist on，leave off，look forward to，think of, can't help, be/get used to, spend...in , can’t stand 忍不住； feel like 想，欲；give up 放弃；put off 推迟,can’t help 忍不住，go on等。如：1. Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?2. Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games.3. I am used to going to bed late and getting up late.4. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used & to students' being late for his lecture.5. I have no objection to hearing your story again.6. He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。7. Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？8. We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。9. We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。3、在一些特别的句子结构中要求使用动名词：1. “have & problem (+in) + 动名词，2. have fun & (+in) + 动名词，3. have difficulty in doing sth.,4. have trouble/a hard time in doing sth.;5. be busy (in) + 动名词；6. waste time (in) + 动名词；lose time (in) + 动名词；以上动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。例如：The children are busy doing their homework.。孩子们忙于做作业。4、在下列结构中动名词作主语。“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。there be no need + 动名词,There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。There is no denying that she is very efficient.　　她效率高是不容否认的。5、当动名词做主语时，我们常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾，特别要注意如下结构：1. It is useless (no use, no good, fun, no harm, a waste of time, a good pleasure) doing...2. It is a waste of time doing...3. It is worthwhile doing...【例如】It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him.It is no good leaving today's work for tomorrow.6、动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时，表示被动的意思。【例如】1. My shoes need mending.2. The following language points deserve mentioning.3. This matter demands discussing.4. Your hair wants cutting.It is no he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。It is no
the company won’t do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is useless speaking.光说是没有用的。三、在begin，start，like，hate，remember，forget等及物动词后，既可用动名词作宾语又可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同。1、在like后用动名词作宾语，表示“习惯或爱好”，时间不明确。其后接动词不定式作宾语，表示“喜欢要做的某一特定动作”，时间明确。如：1）He likes playing basketball.她喜欢打篮球。（爱好）2）We don't like to play football today.我们今天不想踢足球。（指活动）2、在like，hate后接动名词作宾语时，动名词这个动作的发出者，可能是句子的主语或者是指其他人。如：1）My friend likes singing.我的朋友喜欢唱歌。（可能自己喜欢唱，也可能喜欢别人唱）2）My friend likes to sing.我朋友喜欢唱。（自己唱）3）I hate to smoke.我不喜欢吸烟。（指自己不吸烟）4）My mother hates smoking.我母亲反对吸烟。（自己不吸，也反对别人吸）3 & 在begin，start后接动名词作宾语，表示有意识地“开始”；接动词不定式表示无意识地“开始”。如：1）She began to study Chinese after she came to Chine.她来中国后就开始学汉语。（并非主观意识）2）He began teaching himself Japanese in 2000.他自2000年开始自学日语。（主观意识）3）My teachers started travelling a long way from Shanghai to Beijing.老师们从上海至北京开始了长途旅行。4）It started to rain at ten last night.昨晚十点开始下起雨来。（没主观意识）四、在部分动词后用动名词作宾语或不定式（不再是宾语）意思是不同的：1、在stop、try、can’t help 、go on后面用动名词或to do 不定式意思不一样。在stop后面用动名词说明动名词所表示的动作终止；用动词不定式不再是宾语，是作目的状语，以表示动词不定式所表示动作的开始。如：1）They stopped talking as soon as they say me.他们一看见我，就停止了谈话。（talking终止）2）They stopped to talk with me as soon as they saw me.一看见我，他们就停下来与我交谈。（开始了to talk with me）2、当remember，forget，regret后面用动名词作宾语时，动名词一般指早于这些动作而发生的动作；用动词不定式时，一般使晚于这些动作而发生的动作。如：& &1）I remembered seeing him somewhere.我记得在什么地方见过他。（seeing早于remember发生）& &2）I remembered to see the film。我记得要看这部电影。（remember发生时，to see还未发生）& &3）I forgot teaching the students the words.我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过）& &4）I forgot to teach the students the words。我忘了教学生们这些词。can’t help ，go on五、使用动名词的注意事项：(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。如：1. The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。2. Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：1. He advised buying a computer. 他建议买台电脑。2. He advised her to buy a computer. 他建议她买台电脑(3) 有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如：1. Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?2. She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。3. We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。(4)动名词作介词宾语　　动名词作介词宾语，并且和介词构成介词短语。　　【例如】　　She left without saying anything to us. Man’s dream of landing on the moon came true in1968.I am afraid of being punished by the teacher. Ann never dreams of ____for her to be sent abroad very soon.(CET-4 1998,6)　A) there being a chance & B) there to be　C) there be a chance & & D) being a chance　　of为介词，后面接动名词做宾语，因此B和C都可以排除。另外，根据句意：安妮从来没有梦想过她有一个很快被送出国的机会，介词后面含有“有”的意思，用there be结构表达，故正确答案为A
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语法知识——动词不定式
　　动词不定式概述
　　动词不定式指由to加上动词原形所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to 可省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，如：
　　To ignore this dangerous signal would be a terrible mistake. （作主语）
　　He promised not to tell anyone else about it. （作宾语）
　　To treat comrades like enemies is to go over to the side of the enemy.（作表语）
　　The manager announced his intention to retire.（作定语）
　　The old man walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（作状语）
　　不定式中的动词仍然具有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语和状语，另外虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的主语，但它所表达的意义是动作，这一动作的执行者就是该动词的逻辑主语，动词不定式要和它的逻辑主语在语态和时态上保持一致。
　　动词不定式的用法
　　1.不定式作主语
　　⑴原则上，可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语，通常用it作句子的形式主语，而把不定式移到后面，形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。如：
　　To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning. To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts. It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构，或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。
　　It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。这些词如：careful， cruel， foolish， bold， brave， good， honest， kind， rude， polite， nice，stupid， selfish， silly， wicked， wise， thoughtful， wrong等。
　　2.不定式作宾语
　　不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。
　　⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford， appear， agree， ask， believe， decide， demand， desire， fail， hope， intend，learn， mean， offer， promise，refuse， wish等。如：
　　I can‘t afford to buy a house.⑵“动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise， decide， forget， know， learn， remember， see， tell， think， teach， wonder，discover， understand， guess， explain等。这类疑问代（副）词what， when， which， where， how， whether等（不包含why）。如：
　　She does not know how to go there. He will tell you how to deal with it.⑶在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。如：
　　They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening.
　　3.不定式作表语
　　不定式作表语时，主语通常是一个名词，不定式短语或者从句。
　　The boss‘s plan is to start building the skyscraper immediately. To work means to earn a living. What you have to do is to push the button.
　　4.不定式作定语
　　不定式作定语相当于一个定语从句，它修饰以下几类名词：
　　⑴由动词派生或转化而来的名词，它们所对应的动词通常有不定式作宾语。
　　Another attempt to climb the mountain will be made next month. In his speech he expressed his determination to achieve the goal.这类名词主要有：attempt， claim， decision， plan， promise， intention， need，resolution，tendency， wish， failure， threat等。
　　⑵由可能与不定式搭配的形容词派生出来的名词。
　　Her eagerness to learn a foreign language obvious.这类名词主要有：anxiety， patience， ability， willingness， ambition等。
　　⑶不定式作定语还可用来修饰代词something， anything， everything， nothing. She has everything to lose and nothing to gain.⑷由only， last， next， 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class. You are the last to undertake the blood test.⑸不定式常作为定语修饰there be结构的真实主语。
　　There is a big task to complete.⑹ 有些抽象名词。主要有：reason， right， time， effort， chance， way等。如： the time to go to school， the way to get to the clinic， the chance to win the game.
　　5.不定式作状语
　　不定式作状语相当于一个状语从句，表示形为的目的、结果或原因。
　　⑴表示目的。在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语。
　　He stayed there to see what would happen.在强调不定式目的状语时，不定式前可加in order， so as等。如：
　　She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5：00 plane. He moved the TV set to the meeting-room so as to let everyone watch it.
　　⑵用so……as to……， such （……） as to……， enough to……， too……to， only to等表示结果，如：
　　Have you got enough room to seat all of us？
　　She is too weak to join us in the outing.
　　⑶将不定式移到句首表示条件，如：
　　To hear the teacher better， you have to sit in the front. = If you are to hear the teacher better，……
　　⑷与形容词连用时，大多表示原因。这些形容词主要有：happy， kind， surprised， frightened， angry， shocked， glad， delighted， grieved，disappointed等。
　　They were surprised to be informed of the news. I‘m glad to hear this.
　　动词不定式的时态和语态
　　一般式 to do to be done
　　完成式 to have done to have been done
　　进行式 to be doing
　　完成进行式 to have been doing
　　1.如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语动词所表示的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在主要谓语之后，通常用不定式的一般形式。如：
　　I saw him go out.
　　I‘m glad to see you.
　　2.如果不定式所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词或特定的时间之前，不定式就要用完成式。如：
　　I intended to have telephoned you， but I forgot to.
　　I should like to have bought a dictionary.
　　3.不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生。如：
　　I am glad to be talking with you. She pretended to be listening attentively.
　　4.不定式完成进行时表示的是一个开始于过去某一时刻但一直延续到谓语动词发生的那一时刻的动作。如：
　　He was thought to have been working on the project for two years.
　　5.不定式的被动语态
　　当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动式，包括它的各种时态在内。如：
　　She doesn‘t like to be treated as a guest.
　　她不喜欢被当作客人对待。
　　They want their TV set to be fixed right now.
　　他们想把电视机马上修好。
　　There are a lot of things to be done.
　　有许多事要做。
　　This is the text to be read next time.
　　下次就读这篇课文。
　　注意：有些习惯用法中，只能用主动语态。如：
　　The house is to let.
　　这房子要出租。
　　A lot of work still remains to do.
　　许多工作有待去做。
　　不带to 的不定式
　　1.表示感觉的动词see， hear， feel， notice， watch， observe和have， let， make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。
　　He noticed the man enter the room.
　　他注意到有人进屋了。
　　They observed her do the experiment.
　　他们观察她做实验了。
　　2.help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
　　Can you help me （to） clean up after the meal？
　　饭后你能帮我洗碗吗？
　　3.有些类似于情态动词的词语（如rather than， had better， would rather， might as well等）之后，不定式不带to.如：
　　We might as well go without him.
　　我们可以不让他跟去。
　　You‘d better go now.
　　你最好现在走。
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不定式用法讲解
非谓语动词----不定式非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词。 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。同时，不定式仍保留着动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语、表语 和状语，一起构成不定式短语；可以有自己的时态和语态变化形式;可以有自己的否定形式;可以带出自己 的逻辑主语
。 一、不定式的用法 1、 不定式作主语： 不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。 To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。 To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 在很多情况下，人们通常用 it 作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后，使句子显得平稳一些。 如：It’s good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。 It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。 It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 注意： 当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。 To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 2、不定式作表语：不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。 The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的事情是把理论付诸实践。 The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。 His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 注意： 有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 3、不定式作宾语： He wanted to know the truth. 他想知道真相。 He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it. 我问到他的时候，他假装读过这本书。 1)①可接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, claim（声称）, dare, decide, demand, deserve （应受、 应得） , determine, expect, fail, guarantee, help, hope, intend, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, threaten（威胁，扬言要）, want, wish （下列动词接 v-ing 做宾语 avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help） ②在 feel, find, make, think, consider 等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用 it 作形式宾语，而 把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。 She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。 Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你认为这样翻译是不是更好？ I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.① 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。 ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词（如 hope, expect, intend, mean, want 等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完 成式来表示没有实现的动作。1I had intended to call on you. 我原想来拜访你的。 I had expected to meet him here last night. 我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。 We had meant to stay there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。 2)作介词的宾语 不定式可以作介词 but 和 except 的宾语。 He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。 There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。 I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. but 前是实义动词 do 时，后面出现的不定式不带 to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 3)作形容词的宾语 不定式作形容词的宾语有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定 式的逻辑宾语。 ①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有 able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing 等。 I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下 She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 她不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活。 ②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。 这类形容词有 easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful 等。 This problem is easy to solve. 这个问题很容易解决。 The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适于饮用。 She is hard to get along with. 她这个人很难相处。 注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 The river is dangerous to swim in. 在这条河里游泳很危险。 A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on. 席梦思床垫睡上去很舒服。 4、动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。 在这一句型中， 宾语是动词不定式 的逻辑主语。 1） 在表示感觉的动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语， 并且不定式都不带 to。 这类动词有： see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to，make, let, have 等。 I heard them sing yesterday. 昨天我听见他们唱歌了。What would you have me do 你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。 He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。 注意：转为被动语态时，原不带 to 的不定式要变成带 to 的不定式。notice，watch，let, have 没有被动语态。 We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop. 我们看见这辆车停了下来。 n 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 五看：observe, see, watch., look at, notice 2)在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect 等;动词 advise, allow, ask, beg, command, forbid，force, oblige, get, help, encourage, invite, persuade, permit, prepare, remind, request, order, tell, warn, cause ，call on, wait for 等后面，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。 。 I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。 I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。 We don't allow such things to happen again. 我们不容许这种事情再发生。 Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。2She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她请我在她不在的时候接电话。 Please remind me to leave her this note. 请提醒我留给她这张纸条。 She requested him to go with her. 她邀请他一同去。 注意：hope, demand, suggest 等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 【正】I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 【正】I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 【正】He demanded that we should be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。 【正】He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。 【正】 Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone. 李先生建议她不要独自去那里。 5、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、 同位关系和修饰关系。 1）主谓关系 Betty was the first to know the truth He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。 The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。 2）动宾关系 Do you have anything to say? She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照看。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了许多道题要解答。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。We found a house to live in. 3）同位关系说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 4）修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。 不定式在句中作定语通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后，以下几种情况常用不定式作定语： ①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语，常见的有 attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination 等。如： He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。 My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。 ②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语，常见的有 ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition 等。如： His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious. 他急切地想准时完成工作是很明显的。 We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well. 我们欣赏他能把一门外语说得这么好。 ③序数词、形容词最高级或被 only, last, next 等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。如： He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他总是第一个来最后一个离开。 The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。 ④还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。 如： person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity 等。如： We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.3我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island. 他没有理由离开他的朋友独自住到岛上去。 ⑤不定式作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词之间有意义上的动宾关系，如果该不定式动词是不及物动词，它 后面需加上适当的介词。如： There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。He is a pleasant person to work with. There are many interesting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的书可以挑选，但我不知道该借哪一本。It seems that he has no pen ______ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with ⑥不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 6、动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 1）表示目的 I'm saving up to buy a computer. 我在存钱买电脑。I come here to say good-bye to you. To save the child, he laid down his life. 为了救那个孩子，他献出了生命。 注意：有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用 in order (not) to do,和 so as (not) to do 结构（so as to do 不可以置于句首） 。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢 掉他的工作。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）表示结果 必背：不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。 ①so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？ Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。 ②such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。 ③enough to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。 ④too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。 注意：too...to...结构中的形容词如果是 eager, pleased, happy, ready 等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否 定的意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。 He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。 She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。 ⑤不定式还常常表示出乎意料或与愿望相反的结果。 （没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果） ，不定式要放在句 子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。 After the meeting, they parted, never to see each other again. 散会后，他们分手了，从此再也没有见面。 3） 表示原因: 一般用在句尾， 通常用来修饰表示情感、 心理状态、 性格等的形容词。 常见的形容词有： happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty 等。如：I’m glad to see you. They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。 We are proud to be young people of new China. 成为新中国的青年，我们感到很骄傲。 另外，hard, difficult, easy, fit，comfortable 等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人 的词外，还可以是表示物的词。如： The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。4The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。 注意：后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需 要带上适当的介词。 I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. 我当时不听你的话，真是傻瓜。 She wept to find him in such a difficult situation. 看到他处于这么困难的情形，她哭了。 二、 不定式的时态和语态 不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以 do 为例） ： 主动式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被动式 to be done to have been done / /☆主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done) 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时. We want to learn English well. Robert is said____ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. made D. to make ☆被动式( to be done / to have been done) 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式，to be +过去分 词和 to have been +过去分词。这些形式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。如： He didn’t like to be laughed at. The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。 He claimed ____in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A.being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated. It’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher. 对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。 They seemed to be satisfied with the result. 他们似乎对结果很满意。 He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往农村工作。 She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting. 她是会上最后一个被提到的人。 I had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被听到。 ☆不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 He appears to be very happy. 他看 起来好像很高兴。 （同时发生） To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车， 我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。 （to catch the train 发生在 hurry to the station 之后） ☆不定式的完成式 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。 She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。 （不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束） He is said to have gone abroad for further study. I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 ☆不定式的进行式5不定式的进行式表示谓语动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。例如：When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer. It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我 He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。 （不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行） ☆不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如： They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作 20 年了。 We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。 三、不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由 not 或 never 加不定式构成。否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于 to 前 We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们决定不出去。 My mother told me never to do it again. 注意：谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义 I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。 四、不定式的复合结构 1) 不定式复合结构的构成 不定式在使用时通常有自己的逻辑主语，一般可以是句子的主语或宾语，或者由物主代词暗示出来。如： They plan to build a hotel. 他们计划建造一个酒店。 His father sent him abroad to study literature. 他父亲送他出国去学文学。 I could see her eagerness to go abroad. 我可以看出他急切地想出国。 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，此时一般用 for/of +名词（代词）短语+不定式来构成不定式的复 合结构。这种复合结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。 ，此时一般用 for/of +名词（代词） 短语+不定式来构成不定式的复合结构。如： It’s expensive for people to use electricity for cooking. 人们用电做饭是很昂贵的。 It’s careless of you to make such a mistake. 你犯这样的错误真是粗心。 2) 不定式复合结构的语法作用 不定式的复合结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。 ①不定式的复合结构作主语、宾语，通常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语来代替不定式的复合结构。如： It’s necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases. 货物很有必要用坚固的箱子打包。 They thought it impossible for us to find the lost child in the darkness. 他们认为我们要在黑暗中找到迷路的小孩是不可能的。 ②不定式的复合结构作表语、状语、定语。如：That’s for you to decide. 那个由你来决定。 For the test to be passed, the students should work harder than before. 为了能通过考试，学生们应该比以往更认真学习。 I have some books for you to read. 我有几本书送给你读。 注意：在“It is +形容词+ of sb +不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如 kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty 等。在“It is +形容词+for sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如 important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable 等。 It's kind of you to think so much of us. 难为你这么为我们着想。(= You are kind to think so much of us.) 比较： It is good of you to help me with my English. 你真好， 帮助我学英语。 （强调 you 的特征＝You are good to help me.） It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。 （强调的是 give up smoking 这一行为＝Fof you to give up smoking is good.）6五、 动词不定式的几种常见结构 1）be + 不定式结构 “be + 不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作，常有以下两种情况： ①表示命令和指示 The room is to be locked. 这房间要上锁。 You are not to stand here. 你不能站在这里。②表示计划或安排 We are to begin the work next month. 我们安排下一个月开始这项工作。 What's to be done next 下一步该怎么办？ 2）疑问词 + 不定式结构 疑问词 who, what, which, when, where, how 后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和 表语。 I don't know whether to go to the meeting or not. 我不知道要不要去开会。 The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers. 问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。 When to visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet. 何时参观故宫博物院还没有决定。 3）用作独立成分的不定式 有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语。 To be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest. 说老实话，我们不能确保在森林里能找到那个女 孩。 To be frank, I don't agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。To tell you the truth, I hate him. 说老实话，我恨他。 必背：用作独立成分的不定式 to tell you the truth 说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说 to begin with 首先 to be brief 简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说 to be exact 精确地说 to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude 总而言之 to be sure 诚然，固然 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 so to speak 可以这么说 4）用主动式表示被动含义的不定式 动词不定式在句中究竟用主动还是被动，有时比较复杂，主要有下面几种情况： ①不定式做后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓 关系时。 Do you have anything to say on this question 针对这个问题你有什么要说的吗？ He is a pleasant person to work with. 他是一个与其合作起来令人感到愉快的人。 ②(不定式作形容词的宾语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子 主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时要加相应的介词。如： The fish is delicious to eat. 这鱼很好吃。 The chair is comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。 The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 The chair is comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。 ③There be 结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 There is nothing to fear. 没有什么可害怕的。 比较： There is a lot of work to do. 有许多事情要做。 （表示某人必须做这工作） There is a lot of work to be done. 有许多事情要做。 （强调有许多事情必须做） She has two letters to type. 她有两封信要打。 （自己打） She has two letters to be typed. 她有两封信要打。 （别人打） 六、不定式符号的省略---不定式不带 to 的规则 1)在感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice 以及使役动词 make, let, have 等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to。 She watched the children cross the street. 她看着孩子们穿过了马路。 在 help 之后，既可用带 to 的不定式也可用不带 to 的不定式。7Can I help (to) carry the box for you 我帮你搬箱子，好吗？ 2)在 why 引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或 not+动词原形。如： Why spend so much money? 为什么花这么多钱？ Why not let her have a try? 为什么不再让她试一试？ 3)在介词 but, except 之前如有动词 do 的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用 to。如： Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其它的事情。 Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat. 现在他只有认输。 如 but 之前没有 do，其后的不定式则一般要加 to。如： I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi. 恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。 They desired nothing but to succeed. 他们只想成功。 4)在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号 to 可省略。如： I really don’t know what to say and do. 我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。 Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.? 你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？ 但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号 to 不可被省去。如： I came not to scold you but to praise you. 我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。 The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。 5）在 had better（还是……最好）, had best（最好，顶好）, would rather（宁可，宁愿）, would rather…than （宁可……而不……）, would sooner（宁可，宁愿）, would sooner…than（宁可……而不……）, cannot but （不得不，必然）, cannot choose but（只得）, cannot help but（不得不）等结构后直接跟动词原形或 not + 动词原形。如： You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion. 你最好听一听老师的看法。 I would rather work than stay idle. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他宁愿挤公共汽车也不愿骑自行车。 Liu Hulan would sooner die than surrender. 刘胡兰宁死不屈。 One’s world outlook cannot but come through in what one says and does. 一个人的世界观必然在他的言行中表现出来。 6)在一些固定搭配中用不带 to 的不定式。 He let go the rope. 他松开了绳子。 I hear say there will be an earthquake soon. 我听说不久就要有一次地震。 She made believe she was innocent. 她假装清白。 动词不定式的省略问题：---不定式符号的单独使用 为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号 to 来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构。 1．在助动词或情态动词之后，如 be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to 等。 She must go but you don't have to. 她必须走，但你没有必要。 ---Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor 你认为我应该去看医生吗？ ---Yes, I think you ought to. 是的，我想你应该去。 2．在 want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try 等动词之后。 You may go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的话，你可以和他们一起去。 ---Did you go to see the Great Wall 你游览长城了吗？ ---I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的，但我太忙了。 3．在做宾语补足语的 ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid 等动词之后。 Don't do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父亲叫你去做，不然不要做任何事情。 ---May I use your car 我可以用你的汽车吗？ ---No, I forbid you to. 不，我禁止你使用。84．在对话的答语中的 happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等形容词之后。 ---Will you lend me a hand 你能帮我一个忙吗？ ---I'm willing to, but I can't now. 我很愿意，但现在不行。 ---Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow 明天下午来参加我的生日聚会好吗？ ---I'll be glad to. 我很乐意。 提示： 如果动词不定式是 to be 或 to have，则一般不省。 --- Did you finish the work 你的工作完成了吗？ --- No, but I hoped to have. 没有，但我希望已经完成了。 C．介词 to 和不定式符号 to to 既可以是不定式符号，后接动词原形；to 也可以是介词，后接名词或动词的-ing 形式。英语中有很多 常用短语带有 to，我们要正确判断 to 是不定式符号还是介词，千万不可混淆。 1． 不定式符号 to He made it a rule to read English aloud for half an hour every morning. 他坚持每天早晨朗读半小时英语。 These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match. 这几个小伙子极想去看足球赛。 必背：常见的带不定式符号 to 的短语 be supposed to do 应该做某事 be determined to do 决心要做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 go all out to do 全力以赴做某事 make up one's mind to do 决定做某事 take the trouble to do 不辞辛苦地做某事 prepare oneself to do 有思想准备做某事 2． 介词 to If you stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear. 如果你坚持真理，就没有什么可害怕的。 You must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯早起。 Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers 难道还没到你定下心来阅卷的时间吗？ 必背：常见的带介词 to 的短语 be used to 习惯 be equal to 胜任 be given to 沉溺于 be opposed to 反对 be related to 与……有 关 devote oneself to 献身于 get down to 着手做 give rise to 引起 lead to 导致 look forward to 盼 望 object to 反对 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 put one's mind to 全神贯注于 D．with/without + 名词 + 不定式结构 “with/without + 名词 + 不定式”结构在句子中通常起状语的作用。 With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you. 有这么多工作要做，我不能和你去 看电影了。 With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe. 有他住在家里，我感到十分安全。 Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。 I．表示虚拟语气的不定式完成式。 I hoped to have met him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他，但他未露面。 We would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold out. 我们原想去看这场比赛的，但票已 售完了。 The plane was to have taken off at 9, but something went wrong. 飞机原计划九点起飞，但出现了一些故障。 1.高中阶段能接不定式的常见动词： 能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, like（喜欢）, wish（希望）, hate（憎恨，讨厌）, prefer （宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,continue（继续） ，manage （设法）, try（尽力）, offer（提供）, start（开始）, begin（开始）, forget（忘记）, remember（记得）, promise （答应）, mean（打算）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, learn （学会）, desire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）等。 能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等；使役动词 make, let, have 等； 还有一般的动词如 advise（建议）, allow（允许）, ask, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, tell（告诉）,9invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）, help（帮助）, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请 求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）等。 高中阶段常见的不定式短语： 高中阶段常见的一些不定式短语可以作谓语， 如： be able to do （能， 会） , be about to do （即将做……） , used to do（过去常常……）, be glad to do（乐意做……）, would like to do（想要做……）,be likely to do（很可 能做……）, go all out to do something 全力以赴,be supposed to do 应该等。不 定 式 练 习 题选择填空： 1. --- Can you ride a horse? ----No, I never had the chance ____. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how 2. Paul said, &Give me a chair _____.& A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on 3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice 4. --- Have you enjoyed your visit here? --- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 5. --- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 6. ---I didn't hear you come in last night. --- That's good. We tried_____ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be 7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place 8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting 9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering 12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday. A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten 13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going 14.That box is____. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry 15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please? A. so kind as B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind 16. To learn to speak English well,_____. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice10D. wentC. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 18. Last summer I took a course on ______ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 19. The house is not large enough ____ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living 20. Nobody likes ______. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of 21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 22. I was surprised______. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering 24. I saw Mary ____ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into 25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 27. I don't know her and I don't ______ . A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want 28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to 29. To play fair is as important as ______. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved 31. --- What do you think about English? ---It's a difficult language _____. A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken 32. It's very foolish _____ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent D. used 34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting 35. He told her ______ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get 36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 37. I really don't know ____ . A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim 38. I’ve heard him ______ about you often. A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. speaking 39. I went to see him, _______ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding 40. He didn’t know _______ or stay. A. to leave B. if that he should leave C. if to leave D. whether to leave 41. ---Will the Smiths go abroad this summer? ---No, they finally decided _______ . A. to B. not going C. not to D. not to be going 42. ---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _______ by boat for a change. A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 43.He pretended _______ nothing about it. A. know B. to know C. knowing D. knew 44. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.11A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 45. They would not allow him _______ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to going C. for risk to go D. risk going 46. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _______ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where 47. Charles Babbage is generally considered _______ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 48. The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 49. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 50.I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing 51. You had better get a doctor _______ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 52. The matter had better _______ as it is. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. be left 53.He was so foolish _______ his car unlocked. A. to leave B. that leave C. as to leave D. for him to leave 54. Almost everyone fails _______ the driving test on the first try. A. passing B. to have passed C. to pass D. in passing 55. The girl was made _______ she didn’t love at all. A. marry a man B. to marry a man C. to marry with a man D. married with a man 56. The man will use what he has _______ a camera for his wife. A. to get B. got C. buy D bought 57.To answer correctly is more important than _______ . A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quick 58.Tom kept quiet about the accident _______ lose his job. A. so as not to B. so not as to C. so as to not D. not so as to 59. I felt it an honor _______ to speak here. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 60. ---I’d like to buy an expensive camera. ---Well, we have several models _______ . A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. for choice 61. _______ to the left and you’ll see the post office. A. To turn B. Turning C. Turned D. Turn 62. Will you be able to attend the lecture next week? A. giving B. given C. to be given D. being given Ⅱ. 句子改错： 1. I don’t know if to help him or not.2. She can’t help cleaning the house because she’s busy making a cake. 3. We all hope you to make rapid progress. 4. The results of the research are to publish soon. 5. It would be easier to climb over the mountain than going round the valley. 6. It’s awfully good for you to come and meet us. 7. These are very good books for your children to be read. 8. He did what he could help me with my physics. 9. Let’s find a place to put the things. 1~5 DDACC 6~10 BCCAD 11~15 CABAA 16~20 BBAAB 21~25 ADBAA 26~30 DBAAC 31~35 CBBCD 36~37 BBACD 41CDBAA 46BC ACC 51BDCCB 56ABACADC II. 句子改错： 1. if →whether 2. cleaning →to clean 3. hope →wish 4. publish →be published 5. going →to go 6. for →of 7. be read →read 8.help →to help 9. things →things in12
动词不定式用法讲解和练习_日语学习_外语学习_教育专区。动词不定式用法 一、动词不定式的基本形式 “不定式符号 to+动词原形 ”, 有时可以不带 to。 动词不定式没...动词不定式用法讲解和练习(广州版本)_英语_初中教育_教育专区。动词不定式用法 一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号 to+动词原形”,有时可以不带 to。动词不定式...不定式的用法_英语_初中教育_教育专区。不定式的用法 一、考点、热点回顾(一)不定式的用法 1.不定式作主语 ⑴原则上,可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语,通常用 it 作...高中英语-不定式用法讲解 精心原创_英语_高中教育_教育专区。高中英语动词不定式用法讲解非谓语之一:不定式 to do 一、关于不定式的几个关键问题: 问题 1 :何时用...不定式的用法_英语_高中教育_教育专区。不定式用法+练习+答案 不定式 Page 1 of 4 一、不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语: To see is to believe.(平衡) It is ...4. 作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重 点,学习时要注意以下三种情况。 (1)作动词 ask, like,tell 等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式...不定式的用法_计算机软件及应用_IT/计算机_专业资料。动词不定式一. 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语, 但可以作除谓语...英语动词不定式的用法总结动名词与不定式 1) 动名词与不定式的区别: 动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的 不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,...不定式用法详解不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同, 可以有一般式、 完成式、 进行式、 完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动...北京四中 撰稿老师:黄浩 编审老师:蔡正礼 动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题 不定式既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能 否定式:not +不定式 ...
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