英语单词大全带读音fiown怎么读音

基本英语的 850 个单词
基本英语的850个单词un跑,salt盐,sand沙,scale刻度,比例,science科学,sea海,seat座位,secetay秘书,selection选择,self自己,sense感觉,sevant仆人,sex性,shade荫,阴暗,shake摇动,shame羞耻,shock冲击,震惊,side边,旁边,sign记号,标志,征兆,silk丝,丝绸,silve银,siste姐妹,size尺寸,大小,sky天空,sleep睡觉,slip滑动,下降,溜走,疏忽,slope倾斜,smash打碎,猛撞,smell气味,smile微笑,smoke烟,sneeze喷嚏,snow雪,soap肥皂,society社会,son儿子,song歌曲,sot种类,sound声音,soup汤,space空间,stage舞台,stat开始,statement陈述,声明,steam蒸汽,steel钢,step脚步,stitch一针,stone石头,stop停止,stoy故事,stetch伸展,stuctue结构,sustance物质,suga糖,suggestion建议,summe夏天,suppot支撑,支持,supise惊奇,swim游泳,system系统,talk谈话,taste味觉,tax税,teach教,tendency倾向,趋势,test试验,测验,theoy理论,thing物,东西,thought思想,thunde雷,雷声,time时间,tin锡,top顶部,touch触觉,接触,tade贸易,tanspot运输,tick诡计,toule烦恼,麻烦,tun转动,twist扭转,unit单位,use使用,value价值,vese诗,vessel容器,船,view观看,景色,观点,voice(人的)声音,walk走,散步,wa战争,wash洗,waste浪费,wate水,wave波,波浪,wax蜡,way路,方向,方法,weathe天气,week星期,weight重量,wind风,wine酒,winte冬天,woman女人,wood木头,wool羊毛,wod词,一句话,wok工作,wound伤,witing写,yea年。QUALITIES-100Geneal(100个普通形容词)100个形容词读音ale有能力的,acid酸的,angy发怒的,automatic自动的,eautiful美丽的,lack黑色的,(oil)oiling沸腾的,ight明亮的,oken损坏的,own褐色的,cheap便宜的,chemical化学的,chief首要的,clean干净的,clea清澈的,common普通的,complex复杂的,conscious有意识的,cut切过的,deep深的,dependent依靠的,ealy早的,elastic有弹性的,electic电的,equal相等的,fat肥的,fetile多产的,fist第一的,fixed固定的,flat平的,fee自由的,fequent经常的,full满的,geneal一般的,good好的,geat大的,gay灰色的,hanging悬挂的,happy高兴的,had硬的,困难的,healthy健康的,high高的,hollow空的,impotant重要的,kind亲切的,like相似的,living活的,long长的,male男性的,maied已婚的,mateial物质的,medical医学的,militay军事的,natual自然的,necessay必要的,new新的,nomal正常的,open打开的,paallel平行的,past过去的,physical身体的,物质的,political政治的,poo贫穷的,possile可能的,pesent在场的,现在的,pivate个人的,poale很可能的,quick快的,quiet安静的,eady准备好的,ed红色的,egula规则的,esponsile负责任的,ight右的,对的,ound圆的,same同样的,second第二的,sepaate分開的,seious严重的,严肃的,shap锋利的,smooth平滑的,sticky粘的,stiff硬的,staight直的,stong强的,sudden突然的,sweet甜的,tall身材高的,thick厚的,tight紧的,tied疲倦的,tue真实的,violent激烈的,暴力的,(wait)waiting等待的,wam温暖的,wet湿的,wide宽阔的,wise聪明的,yellow黄色的,young年青的。QUALITIES-50Opposites(50个有反义词的形容词)50个形容词读音awake清醒的,ad坏的,ent弯曲的,itte苦的,lue蓝色的,cetain肯定的,cold冷的,complete完整的,cuel残酷的,dak黑暗的,dead死的,expensive昂贵的,dea亲爱的,delicate娇贵的,微妙的diffeent不同的,dity脏的,dy干的,false假的,female女性的,foolish愚蠢的,futue未来的,geen绿的,ill生病的,last最后的,late晚的,left左的,loose松的,loud大声的,low低的,mixed混合的,naow窄的,old老的,opposite相反的,pulic公众的,ough粗糙的,狂暴的,sad悲哀的,safe安全的,secet秘密的,shot短的,shut关闭的,simple简单的,slow慢的,small小的,soft柔软的,solid固体的,结实的,纯的,special特殊的,stange奇怪的,thin薄的,weak弱的,white白色的,wong错误的。10—3
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英语单词发音规则
英语单词发音规则★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做. 清华大学★英语系测试: 中学英语量身定做. 量身定做 官方网站: 官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果英语单词发音规则 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] n
ame plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch在开音节中, 元音字母 u 在辅音字母 j l r s 后面时读[u:] 音,例如:June blue ruler super 二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality a 在 f n sk ph sp ss st th 前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i 在-nd -ld 和 gh 前 [ai] find child light high o 在-st -ld 前 [ou] most postcard old cold o 在 m n v th 前 [∧] come monkey love mother 三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [E]E China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的 a 如果处在开音节位置,a 读[ei]音,例如: operate u 处在开音节位置, 又在辅音字母 j l r s 后面时, 读[u(:)] 音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母 a e i 即可以 读作[E]音,也可以读作音。 四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 arar 在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towardsoror 在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母 r 双写时,前面的元音字母不能与 r 构成-r 音 节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry -r 音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure are ere ire ore 很少出现在非重读音节中,ure 在非重读 音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加 Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音[ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year字母应按-re 音节拼读规则拼读, 字母 Rr 读[r]音。 例如: [εE] bear pear wear swear parent zero story during inspiring [E:] earth learn early某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如: ee [i:] jeep week green three orange very American paragraph 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair alal 在 f m 前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather eer [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew 在 j l r s 后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey ui 在 j l r s 后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation-sion 在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion 在 s 后 [tFEn] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture 八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号, 但其中的元音字 母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展, 前后两部分已失去其单独存在 的意义, 融合成为一个词。 其中的非重读部分要按非重 读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun 太阳 + day[ei]日 子 > Sunday 星期天 holy 神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break 中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup 茶杯 + board 木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜 九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb cc 在 e 前或在 i/y 前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast gg 在 e i/y 前 [^] bag garden go[dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -guegu 在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn nn 在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry -ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [F] she fish shirt wash t 在通常情况下在弱读字母 ia ie io 前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch th 在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther 中 [θ] thin thirty method[T] the these with than [T] clothe fathe r weather英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、 最常见的修辞方法, 是以两种具有 共同特征的事物或现象进行对比, 表明本体和喻体的关 系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A 像 B”,常 用的比喻词有 as, like, as if, as though 等。如果使用得 当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见 可感可悟, 把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。 例 如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉 下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文 B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士 兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻, 但不用比喻词, 因此被称作缩减了 的明喻(a compressed simile)。 它是根据两个事物间的某人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文 A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上 的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五 单元课文 A) 3 转喻(the metonymy)些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。 转喻是通过相近的联想, 借喻体代替本体。 转喻是比 本体和喻体之间不用比喻词, 只是在暗中打比方, 从而 隐喻更进一步的比喻, 它根本不说出本体事物, 直接用更生动、 更深刻地说明事理, 增强语言的表现力。 例如: 比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽dangerous sea. (我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。 车司机正在罢工(这里 buses 喻指司机 drivers)。 ) (第二册第三单元课文 A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧, 孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和 “Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医 生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人 开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一 半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文 A) 4 夸张(the exaggeration) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即 采用“言过其实”的说法, 使事物的本质特征更好地呈现 出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能 是突出事物的本质特征, 因而给人强烈印象或警悟、 启 发 。例如: Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位 伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗 情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历 险探奇的故事。)(eternal 和 endless 都是夸张用语,表 示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(the personifjcation) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描 写, 赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化 。 例如: The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可 爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更 为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几 乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋 天比做人, 秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。 语言表达 生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉) (大学英语第三 册第六课课文 A) 6 反语(the irony)练梦寐以求的。)(作者在这里运用押头韵突出了主人反语就是说反话, 用反话来表达思想、 观点、 事物等等。 公不达目的不罢休的决心。) (大学英语第二册第五课 有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的 课文 A) 8 矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话, 所谓矛盾修辞法, 就是把意思上回响矛盾互相排斥的词 通过反语达到讽刺的效果, 从而更能够反映出当时的无 奈与沮丧。) 7 头韵 (the alliteration ) 头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同, 这种现象在 英语中常见。例如: I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.(打那时起,他们就一直不断地对我进 行体检和治疗。)(testing 和 treating 用在这里是为了 取得一种文字的音乐美的效果。) Michael's dedication, determination and discipline was a coach's dream.(迈克尔的投入、执着、自律正是每个教 语紧密地联系在一起, 来描述一个事物, 或表达一种思 想,说明一个道理,或寻求一个哲理。,用这种方法, 语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产 生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果。 A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。圣 诞节那天, 故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸 福的顶峰的过程。 因此, 父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最 糟的,又是最好的。 Such is the glorious messiness of English. That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anyway, explains the richness of English and way it has become, to a very real extent, the first truly global language.(由 此一斑可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。 这种乐于 包容的精神, 这种不管源自何方来者不拒的胸怀, 恰好 解释了英语何以会如此丰富,成为一个真正的全球语 言。)(大学英语第二册第七课课文 B) 9 双关语(pun) 双关语(pun)是英语中一种常见的修辞手法.该修辞格巧 妙利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等,使同一句话可同 时表达不同意义,以造成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲 弄讥讽的修辞效果,使人读来忍俊不禁。 True Height (真正的高度) (height 是一语双关,既指 跳高横竿的高度,也指人生奋斗达到的目标。) (大学 英语第二册第五课文 A) Hiroshima - the “Liveliest” City in Japan(广岛- 日本” 最有活力”的城市) (作者将 Liveliest 一词用引号引起 来是有意表明, 人们竟然把一个遭受过原子弹轰炸的城市说成是“做快活的”, 真是莫大的讥讽, 同时也是进行 今昔对比,可谓是一语双关。) 修辞所追求的效果是语言表达得完美。 修辞格是达到此 境界的重要方式之一。要正确、恰当地运用修辞格,涉 及的问题很多。其中一个十分重要的问题是切勿忘记, 语言的完美必然建筑在语言的正确、准确使用的基础 上,因此修辞格的运用不仅必须以合乎语法规则为前 提,还要以合乎逻辑──正确思维方法为前提。 10. euphemism (委婉语):用比较温和的词代替粗鲁的词或使人不愉快的词, 用通 行的词代替禁忌的词。 The chairman’s wife is in the family way. He passed away last week. 11.metonymy (借代): 不相类似的甲事物同乙事物之间有不可分离的关系, 利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。 The pen is mightier than the sword. I find I like people better than things. 12. 使用句法手段的修辞格: Parallelism (排比句): 一般由三项或三项以上的词语或句子构成, 其并 列的结构常相同或类似,意义相关,语气连贯。排比次 序一般由轻到重,由低潮到高潮。 1.Few people are immune to vanity, jealousy and pretension. 2.Large shopping centers provide not only pleasant environment, abundant goods but also excellent services. 3.Such belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dangerous.13.提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代 表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具 体代抽象。例如: 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的, 而且是用几百万人的血 和肉建成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice” (巨大的牺牲) 2、 “...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” ……他说这是世界上最美的语言。 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。 4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20―year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队壹个高高的 20 岁的黑姑娘。 这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 14.迭言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定 的语境中, 将相同的结构, 相同意义词组成句子重迭使 用,以增强语气和力量。 1、 must be created by the blood and the work of all of It us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man―made destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来, 对于人类以及人类自己创 造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。 2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly―cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病 人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更 少残废。15.、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的 声音, 其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似, 使语言显 得生动,富有表现力。 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶上壹些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt――sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西, 如阳 光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的 吱嘎声呀,亲人的说话声呀。 16.通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉, 转到另壹个感官的心理感受。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的, 有些书是应当吞下去的, 有 少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。 书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化” 掉的。 这里把读书中的精读和泛读, 阅读欣赏与吸收知 识的感受, 用味觉功能和消化功能来表示, 心理感受是 如此逼真和奇特。 17.头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果 清华大学英语教授a back seat driver 专爱指点司机如何开车的乘客 a big bear hug 抱得很紧 a bit trying 有点苦恼 a cap and gown 毕业典礼的礼服 a cup of Java 一杯咖啡 a dead battery 汽车电瓶没电了壹起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音, a good shot 照相的取景很出色 以增强语言的节奏感。 How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. a hangover from the old days 遗留下来的老习惯 a knockout 引人注目 a little too tight 紧了一点 a man of few words 沉默寡言的人 a popular moment 舞会中大家都来到了的时间 a rainy day 不如意的日子★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定 清华大学★英语系测试: 中小学生英语量身定 做. 官方网站: 官方网站:/ a scorcher 一个大热天 a steady 一个固定的异性朋友 a tall milk shake 一大杯奶昔 A toast everyone. 敬大家一杯酒. a two-year hitch in the army 两年的兵役 a wet blanket 扫兴的人 above board 光明正大的 absent-minded professor 无头苍蝇;做事心不在焉者 after all 毕竟 After while, crocodile. 一会见. after you 你先请 all along 始终;一贯 all at sea 茫然不知所措 all bark and no bite 只动口,不动手的人 all burnt up 怒火中烧 all dressed up 穿的很漂亮all ears 全神贯注地听;愕然 all for it 完全同意 all gone 消逝;丢失 all in 疲倦 all in a day's work, be 司空见惯 all in all 总而言之 all my eye 岂有此理;胡说八道 all out 全力以赴;全卖光了 all over 完了 all right 一点不错 all set 准备好了 All set? Not yet. 都弄好了吗?还没呢. all the better 更好 all the same 虽然如此;并无分别 all the world and his wife 人人;诸色人等 all there 神志清醒的;没有问题的 all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的 all turn out 如愿以偿 all woman 最标准的女性 all you have to do 你只要 always the case 常常如此 ambulance chaser 唯利是图的低级律师 And how! 当然啦! ants in one's pants(skirt) 坐立不安 any way 究竟 anything under the sun 普天下任何事情 apeal to sb 对某人有吸引力 appeal to sb 取悦某人 apple-polish 逢迎;讨好 apply for 申请 Are you all packed? 你行李收拾好了吗? Are you done? 你吃饱了吗?Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吧? Are you telling me? 用你来告诉我吗? Are you with me? 你懂我的意思吗? as a rule 通常来说 as luck would have it 真走运或不走运 as mod as sb 与某人一样时髦 as the saying goes 常言道 at first blush 乍看 at hand 近旁;在手旁 at issue 争论中 at loose ends 无职业;不安定 at my expense 由我出钱 at odds 争执 at one's finger's tips 了如指掌 at one's service 随时提供服务 at one's wit's end 不知所措 at one's wits' end 志穷计尽 at sixes and sevens 混乱的 at stake 在危险中 at the drop of a hat 马上 at times 有时;偶然 at your disposal 听你的 aware of, be 了解 B.T.O. (big time operator) 游手好闲的人 babes and suckings 天真而缺乏经验者 baby-kisser 为达到竞选目的出尽八宝的政客 bachelor party 单身会 back and forth 来来去去 back at the farm 言归正传 back number 过期的杂志;守旧派 back on one's feet 经受打击后重新站起来 back out 食言backseat driver 指手划脚的人 bad egg(lot) 坏蛋 bag of bones 骨瘦如柴的人 bake down 临阵退缩 barking up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 barter away 以较便宜的价格出售 bawl out 责骂 Be a good sport! 不要婆婆妈妈的! be nuts 傻里傻气 be off 走吧;滚蛋 Be off! 滚开! be on the wagon 喝酒 bear in mind 牢记在心 beat around the bush 说话绕圈子 beat it 走开 beat one's brains (out) 伤透了脑筋 beat sb by miles 远远胜过 beat, be 太累了 beef about 抱怨 beef up 加强 before you are scheduled to leave 在你决定离开之时间 前 Before you could say Jack Robinson 很快 before you know it 很快 behave yourself 请检点一点 behind bars 坐牢 behind one's back 背后 behind the scenes(curtain) 在幕后 behind the times 不合时宜 behind time 误期 believe it or not 信不信由你 benefit from 从中得到best-seller 畅销书、唱片等 bet it is 当然是 better half 老婆 better luck next time 下次好运些吧 better than, be 比...多;多于 between my ribs and my back bone 肚子 beyond one's reach of 超出支付能力 beyond sb, be 使某人无法理解 big bluffer 吹牛者 bite one's head off 大发脾气 black and blue 遍体鳞伤 black sheep 不肖子女 blame sb for sth 为某事责备某人 bleed white 花光血汗钱 blind alley 死胡同;失败之路 blood in one's eye 极度愤怒 bloody fool (B.F.) 蠢材 blow hot and cold 喜怒无常 Blow it! 他妈的! blow off steam 发脾气 blow one's own horn 自吹自擂 blow one's top 怒发冲冠 blow up 表现失常;吹风 body and breeches 完全 boil down to 归结起来是;其结果是 boiling point 爱情的沸点 bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳 bone up on 努力研读 born with a silver spoon in one's mouth 出生富贵 born yesterday 乳臭未干 bottoms up 干杯 Bottoms up! 干杯!brain storm 心血来潮 brand new 崭新的 break down 故障;毁坏 break in 适合 break it off 吹了 break one's heart 使某人心碎 break one's neck 痛打一顿;拼命做某事 break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默 break the routine 调剂一下 bred in the bone 天生的;个性的 bring back the good old days 回忆昔日好时光 bring down the house 掌声雷动 bring me up-to-date 告诉我最新消息 bring sb to date 使某人掌握最先进东西 brotherly impulse 激动手足的情分 brush off (男女之间)甩;撇开 brush up on sth 复习,重新学习 buck up 振作起来 bull dog 难以相处的人 burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水 burn one's bridges behind one 不留后路 burn one's fingers 碰钉子 burn the midnight oil 熬夜读书 bury one's head in the sand 不敢面对现实 bury the hatchet 捐弃前嫌 Business is business. 公事公办 busy-body 好管闲事和多嘴的人 buy things on time 分期付款买东西 buy your story 相信你的话 buying bargains 买廉价货 by all means 务必 by and by 逐渐;慢慢地by fair means or foul 不择手段 By golly! (By Gum!) 天呀! by hook or by crook 不择手段 by the look of you 从你的样子看来 call back 再打电话 call it a day 今天到此为止 call it off 取消 call off 取消 call one names 用污秽语言骂人 call the shots 发号施令;管事 call up 打电话 calling at this early hour 一大早就打电话 Can you stop by? 你能来吗? can't afford to have 买不起 can't be helped 避免不了 can't be wrong 错不了 can't get away with it 逃不掉 can't help it 爱莫能助 can't stand it any longer 再也无法忍受 Capital idea! 好主意! carry coals to Newcastle 多此一举;徒劳无功 carry sth too far 做事超出限度 carry the torch 单相思 cast away 扔掉 cast down 沮丧 caste eyes at 注视;打主意 castle in the air 空中楼阁 catch on to 理解 catch one's breath 喘口气 catch up on sth 补上某事 catch up with 迎头赶上 caught red-handed, be 犯罪活动的当场被抓住chain smoker 烟瘾大的人 change hands 转手 change my opinion of you 我对你的看法改变一下 cheap joints 下流地方 check out 办清离开手续;借书;调查 check up on 校对 cheer up 振作;鼓励 chew the rag 唠叨不断 chip in 集资;捐款 clean sweep 全胜 clean the house for sb 和某人算帐 clock watcher 盼望下班的人 close shave (close call) 千钧一发 coast is clear 没有危险了 coin a neat phrase 话说得很恰当 cold fish 冷酷无情的人 Columbus discovered America 陈年旧事 come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见 come along with 随同 come and get it 试试拿走它吧 come down with 病倒 come in 起作用;有份 come in handy 迟早有用 come into the world 出世 come off it 吹牛皮 come on 别这样 come on 来吧!(提醒、催促) come on strong 非常积极的给人以好印象 come out right 事情进展顺利 come out with 说出 come right over 这就来了come through 交出;成功 come to naught 成为泡影 come to terms 达成协议 come to the point 说话切题 come up with sth 想出某事 come what may 无论发生什么事 contribute to sth 有助于 cook up a story 编出慌话骗人 cool off 冷却下来 cooling my heels waiting for her 翘首以待 crash the gate 不请自来的客人 crazy like a fox 装疯;装模作样 cross my heart 感发誓;不骗人 cross the bridge when one comes to it 既来之则安之 cross with, be 不高兴 cry quits 放弃;承认失败 cry wolf 狼来了;发出假警报 cup of tea 喜欢而又会做之事 cut corners 超近路;以简捷方式做事 cut down on 削减 cut it out 够了!算了 cut of the woods 脱离危险期 cut out 戒掉坏习惯 cut sb down to size 揭穿某人的底细 cut sb off 把电话挂断. cut sth out 阻止;停止;故障;占上风 cut throat 害人的 cut-and-dried 事先准备好的;枯燥无味的 dark horse 黑马;冷门 darn it 真讨厌 dating yourself before your time 老气横秋 day in and day out 夜以继日day off 放假日 day-dream 白日梦 daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱 days are numbered 生存时日屈指可数 dead beat(tired) 烂醉如泥 dead dog 没用的人 dead easy 易如反掌 dead serious 认真得不得了 dead sure(certain) 极之肯定 dead to the world 睡得很香 dear Jone letter 绝交信 deep southern drawl 拉长语调的南方口音 definte word 确定的消息 deliver the goods 完成工作 Did you fall heir to a gold mine? 你是否遇见了金矿的 小老板? die with one's boots on 死在工作岗位上 die-hard 冥顽不灵 dilly-dally 吊儿浪当 dine out 出外吃饭 dirty dog 卑鄙小人 discuss sth over a coke 边喝可乐边谈某事 dish water 毫无味道 distance makes the heart grow fonder 时间会使感情加 深 do a little sightseeing 逛逛 do all the talking 会议上只有一个人讲话 do my own laundry 自己(用洗衣机)洗衣服 do one good 对某人有好处 do over 重做;粉刷 do sth about it 想想办法 Do you get me? 明白吗?doesn't count 不算 doesn't make sense 不合逻辑 dog's life 悲惨的生活 Don't be silly! 别傻啦! Don't be such a baby! 不要那样孩子气 Don't mention it. 别客气,不算什么. Don't tease me. 别开玩笑了. Don't think I'll have much use for that. 这对我没有多 大用处. Don't you feel guilty? 你不觉得罪过吗? Don't you know that yet? 你还不知道吗? done time 老资格(贬义) double crosser 出卖朋友的人 down in the dumps 愁眉苦脸 down in the mouth 愁眉苦脸 down on one's luck 倒楣 down payment 分期付款的定金 Down the hatch! 干杯! drag sb through the mud 拖人下水 draw on 依照;依据 draw up 草拟;准备 drooling around her all the time 一直对她垂涎三尺 drop by 顺道拜访 drop dead 去你的 drop in on sb 拜访某人 drop it 停止吧 drop it off 把它放到... drop me a line 写信给我 drop out 退学 drop sb a line 给某人写信 drop sb off 让某人下车 drop the ball 犯错误duck soup 易如反掌之事 dull book 沉闷的书 dumb bell 笨蛋 dumb Dora 傻女 Dump her! 甩掉她! dwell on 考虑;不断地说 early bird 集会早到的人 easier said than done 说来容易做时难 easy come easy go 来得容易去得快(特指钱) Easy does it -- when you can. 慢慢来,尽力而为. eat one's hat 赶打赌,非常确定 eat one's head off 食量惊人 eat one's heart out 伤心异常,因此消瘦 eat one's words 承认错误 eat out 出外吃饭 egg money 私房钱 egghead 书呆子 either make or break 不成功,便成人 eleventh hour 最后关头 end up 结束 enough of it 够了,停止吧 enough to wake the dead 震耳欲聋 Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑云过后,阳光灿烂 every dog has his day 瓦片也有翻身时 every now and then 不时地;有时 every once in a while 偶尔 every so often 偶然 every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四 everyone is for himself 自己顾自己 everything goes to the dogs 一切都完了 face the music 接收惩罚;面对困难 faculty and staff 教职员faculty members 教职员 fair and square 忠诚与坦白 fair-weather friend 酒肉朋友 fall behind 落后;失利 fall for look 女人爱漂亮 fall out with 争吵 fall through 失败;毁灭 family man 有家室之人 far from, be 远不是 fast one 一搭就上的(男人或女人) Fat chance! 不太可能的事! fat hangovers 好厉害的醉后头疼 fat-head 人头猪脑 favorite son 被自己一州拥护的候选人 fed sb a big line 对某人说了个大谎. fed up (with) 对某事厌倦 fed up with, be 感到厌倦 feel free 随便... feel like 很想要 feel up to 能胜任 feeling in the pink 觉得愉快 feminine type 女人气质的 few and far between 难能可贵 fifty-fifty 五五支付 fight it out 据理力争;武力解决 figure out 考虑出;想出 fill in for 代替 fill out 填表 find a sugar daddy 找到一个有钱的老头子 find a way out 找出一条出路 fire sale 减价出售 first in line 队伍中排第一名fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼;趁火打劫 fish story 荒唐无比的故事 fix up 修理 flat tire 没精打采 flicker out 过去了 fly by 飞逝 fly off the handle 平时有教养的人突然失去常态 fold up 破产 following sb's footsteps 效法;继承 fool around with 与不三不四的人鬼混 fooling around 闲逛 for all I know 据我所知 for good 永远地 for good and all 永远 for nothing 免费 for one thing (插入语)但是 for sale 出售 for the love of Mike 梦想不到 for the time being 暂时;目前 forget it 没关系 Forget it. 算了. four-letter words 骂人语;四字真言 frame up 栽赃陷害 free hand 全权处理 frightened to death 吓死了 from A to Z 从头到尾 from scratch 从头开始 from the look of sb 从某人的外表看来 full charge of 全权负责 full of bull 胡言乱语 full to the brim (吃得)满到喉头 fuss over 焦虑gain weight 长胖了 get a big kick 玩得很开心 get a check cashed 支票兑现 get a move on! 快点! get a nerve 胆子大 get across 说明;达成;克服 get all in a panic 惊恐 get all up tight 紧张到极点 get along with 相处融洽 get around 有办法应付局面 get away with 成功;逃避惩罚 get behind 支持 get cold feet 沮丧;临阵退缩 get cracking 快点! get down to 开始处理 get down to business 办正经事 get even 报复 get going 开始;动手;赶快 get hooked on sth 被某事迷住了 get in touch with 和...联络 get it over with 赶快把事情做妥当 get lost 迷失 get mad at 对某人生气 get me down 令我生气 get nothing on me 尚未找到证据 get nowhere 一事无成 get off on the wrong foot 开始就乱了步骤 get off the ground 进行顺利;刚开始 get on the ball 机灵些;敏捷些 get one wrong 误会某人 get one's goat 故意为难 get out of the bed on the wrong side 脾气好的人突然变得难以相处 get over 完成;复原;超越 get pinched 失手;落网 get rid of 干掉;摆脱 get rolling 开始;动手 get rusty 技术、头脑等生疏 get sb by the neck 捉住 get somewhere 有所成就 get sth off one's chest 把心中的话讲出来 get sth straight 办好;搞通;了解 get stuck 抛锚;进入僵局 get the bulge on 占优势;胜过;欺诈 get the drop on 先发制人 get the green light 得到...许可 get the picture 明白某种情形 get the sack 被解雇 get through 到达;办完;通过;花光 get through to 使理解;打通电话 get together again 破镜重圆 get up the courage 鼓起勇气 get what's coming to one 咎由自取 get wise to 了解;明白 get with it 快点! girl of the old school 守旧的女性 give a lift 让...搭车 give away 泄露;赠送 give credit for sb 归功于某人 give him the dose of his own medicine 以其人之道还治 其人之身 give it a try 偿一偿吧 give it to one straight 坦白地告诉某人 give me a minute 请等一等give me headache 令我头痛 give one the air 一刀两断 give one the ax 开除 give one the brush 对人冷淡;把人抛弃 give one the eye 眉目传情 give other one's word 向人保证 give sb a black eye 打某人一顿 give sb a break 给某人一个改过的机会 give sb a buzz 打电话给某人 give sb a dirty look 对某人瞪一眼 give sb a free hand 放手让某人干一件事 give sb a lift 让某人搭车 give sb a piece of one's mind 骂某人一顿 give sb a ride 让某人搭车 give sb a ring 打电话给... give sb enough rope 让某人自食其果 give sb hell 冷嘲热讽 give sb some of his own medicine 以其人之道还治其人 之身 give sb the cold shoulder 冷淡对待 give sb the go-by 对某人的存在熟视无睹 give sb the green light 允许 give sth away for nothing 不是白送的 give up 放弃 glad eye 抛媚眼 go a long way 有用 go about 从事 go ahead 说吧 go all out doing sth 竭尽全力 go around with a chip on one's shoulder 到处寻衅 go at it 努力奋斗 go broke 破产go down 下降;被记录下来 go down the drain 前功尽弃;白费心机 go downhill 每况愈下 go Dutch 各自付帐 go easy 节省一点;少用一些 go fly a kite 滚开 go for 努力求得;想要 go get them 动手吧 go into 深入讨论 go on 继续;接近 go on a bender 喝酒喧哗 go on the horse 快一点吧 go over 研究;检查 go steady 确定恋爱关系 go through 细查;经历 go through with 完成 go to pieces 破成碎片 go up in the air 怒火冲天 go with everything 与任何东西都相配 go-between 中间人;嫁人 God knows. 天晓得. God, what's the world comming to? 天哪,这世界变成什 么样子? gold brick 偷懒的人 gold digger 掘金女郎 gone with the wind 随风而逝 good buy 价廉物美的东西 good for nothing 毫无用处的 good to the last drop 滴滴香浓 good turn 好意 goof off 逃学;不尽职 got it? 明白了吗?Got you. 照片拍好了. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同. hand in 交出;提出 hand out 分发;分配 hands are full 很忙 hands are tied 权利有限,不能随意行动 hang around 常常光顾一个地方 Hang it all! 岂有此理 hang on to it 继续下去 hang on to sth 继续使用某物 hang up 挂断电话 happy go lucky 乐天派 hard nut to crack 难以对付的女人 hard of hearing 稍聋的人 hard on sb, be 对某人严厉 hard to say 很难说 Hard to tell. 很难说. hard up 拮据 hard-boiled egg 难相处的人;利害的家伙 hard-hearted businessman 斤斤计较的人 have a ball 玩得非常开心 have a big mouth 话多的人 have a bite 咬一口 have a bone to pick with sb 算帐 have a good ear(eye) for 对...有鉴赏力 Have a good time. 好好玩. Have a good time. 好好玩吧. have a head on one's shoulders 有智慧 have a heart 可怜我吧 Have a nice trip. 一路顺风 have a screw loose 精神有问题 Have a seat. 请坐.have a surprise for sb 告诉某人一个好消息 have a swelled head 自大 Have fun. 玩得开心. have good taste 有眼光 have had it 无法忍受 have it both ways 权衡两方面 have it out with 摊牌 have no leg to stand on 无法证明 have one's hair set 做头发 have one's own way 随心所欲 have some 吃一点吧 have sth on sb 抓住某人的把柄 have the face to do sth 居然有脸做某事 have time off 休假 have words with sb 口角 Have you had enough? 你吃饱了吗? have(keep) the run of 自由使用 haven't the slightest idea 毫不知道 having a sale 廉售 He cleaned us out. 他拿走了我们的所有东西. head and shoulder above sb, be 比某人好 head over heels 完全 heavy date 重要的约会. help out 帮助解决问题 help yourself 请自便 her cup of tea 很配她,很合她的口味 Here it is. 这就是,在这里 His bark is worse than his bite. 刀子嘴,豆腐心 his lettle broad 他的女朋友 hit it hard 尽了最大努力 hit it off 相处 hit of the show 表演中最精采的一幕hit on(upon) 突然想到;巧遇 hit the ball 顺利 hit the ceiling(roof) 勃然大怒 hit the high spots 达到高水准 hit the sack 睡觉 hold back 退缩 hold good 有效 hold in the balance 尚未决定 hold it 且慢 hold one's horses 忍耐 hold one's tongue 保持沉默 hold out 坚持到底 hold the line 请勿收线 hold up 举起;支撑;阻挡 hold water 经得起考验的;合乎逻辑的 hook up 接洽妥当 Hop in. 上车. Hope it doesn't cost much. 希望价格不贵. hors d'oeuvres 饭前点心 hot air 毫无根据的谎言;大话 How am I doing? 你看我做的怎么样? How are you making out? 进展怎样? how come 为什么 How come? 为什么 How did it come out? 结果如何? How did it go? 结果如何? How did you make out? 你进展如何? How did you swing it? 你怎么对付这件事? How do I look? 我好看吗? How does that sound? 如何?好吗? How goes the enemy? 几点了? How is that with you? 意下如何?how on earth 鬼知道;怎么会 how the heck 怎么会 How's that? 怎么样? hung one on 大醉 I bet you are right. 我同意你的说法. I can never thank you enough. 我不知道该怎样多谢你. I can't afford to lose... 我丢不起... I can't believe my eye. 我简直不敢相信你的眼睛. I don't buy your story. 我不相信你的话. I don't care. 我不在乎. I don't have a slightest idea. 我一点也不知道. I don't want to be in your shoes. 我不要象你那样. I feel the call of nature 内急;急于上厕所 I get them mixed up. 我把它们搞乱了. I give you my word. 我向你保证. I have no idea. 我简直一无所知. I haven't got the foggiest. 我一点也摸不着头脑. I know what I'm doing. 我知道该怎样做. I like the way you have. 照你原来的样子就好了. I lost you. 我不了解你的意思.从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能 存在的条件, 主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。 条 件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 时 间 将 来 动词过去式(be 用 were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 动词过去式(be 用 were) had +动词过去分词 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式would / should / might /★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定 清华大学★英语系测试: 中小学生英语量身定 做. 官方网站: 官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果 清华大学英语教授现 在 过 去would / should / might /would / should / might / 词2. 中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua University, he w ould make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学 的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us abo ut it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:虚拟语气用法详解 / 一、 条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空 的话,它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know yo u well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话, 它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉 你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问 题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若 是系动词 be 时,可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结 构及 if I were you, as it were 中,只能用 were。如: Were I ten years younger, I would study abro ad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp t he chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是 同时发生时,须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反, 而主句的动作与现 在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话, 我现在也 会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come h ere now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会 来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反, 而主句的动作与过 去事实不符。如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去 北京了(from )。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要 是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反, 而主句的动 作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的 雨的话,庄家会长得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be wor king in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话, 他 现在已进了办公室了。 (3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, h ad 时,if 可省略,而将 were, should, had 等词置于句 首。如: Should he agree to go there, we would send hi m there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果 她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的 话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from www.)。 (4) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而 须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如: I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了。 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have ma de such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取 得如此大的进步。 (5) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中 的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通 过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多 好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气 1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语 从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为: should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a t hief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼 的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 (2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语 从句中,从句中的谓语为: can / may / could / mig ht / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from ww ): He goes closer to the speaker so that he can h ear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he sh ould not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉 一个单词。 2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从 句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导 的条件从句结构相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not kn ow what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 (2) 在 whatever, whichever,whenever,whoeve r, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的 让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为: ① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如: We will finish it on time no matter what / wh atever may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时 完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he ma y come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。 ② may +完成式(指过去) ,主句结构不限。如: You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter w hat great progress you may have made. 不管你取得 了多么大的进步, 你也不能骄傲(from www.)。 We must respect him no matter what / whatev er mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错 误,我们必须尊敬他。 (3) 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句 中,从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形,主句结 构不限。如: Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到,他还是个好学 生。 Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记,他也必须遵守规 定。 3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语 气。虚拟语气的结构为: 表示所发生的时 间 发生在主句动作 had + 过去分词 之前 与主句动作同时 过去时(be 用 were ) 发生 发生在主句动作 would / could / might / 之后 should+原形动词 例如: 虚拟语气结构They began to talk warmly as if they had kno wn each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就 好像他们已相互认识很久了。 He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。 4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气 amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointe d, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprise d, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语 气的结构为: ① should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如: He was angry that you should call him by na me. 他很生气,你竟然对他直呼其名。 I was astonished that he should not answer su ch an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单 的问题。 ② should + 完成式, 指过去。如: I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾,你这次考试竟然失败了。 I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊,父亲竟指导 我昨天所作的事情(from )。 三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, dec ide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, sugge st(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所 接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为: (should) + 原形动词。如: The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用 在这儿的每一分钟。 The Party asked that we should serve the peo ple with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意 地为人民服务。 但是,当 insist 的意思为:坚决认为,坚持说;su ggest 的意思为:表明,暗含,暗示等时,宾语从句一 般不用虚拟语气。如: Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in t his exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。 2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动 词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。 其虚 拟语气的结构为: should + 原形动词。如: Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你 能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎? Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在 跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名? 3. 英语中,wish 之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有 实现或根本不可能实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气。 其虚拟 语气的结构为(from ): 表示所发生的时 间 发生在主句动作 (1)had + 过去分词; 之前 (2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词 与主句动作同时 发生 发生在主句动作 过去时(be 用 were ) would / could / might / 虚拟语气结构 之后 should + 原形动词 例如: I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了 英语。 I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。 He wishes we could go and play games with hi m. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。 4. 英语中,would rather, had rather, would soo ner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种 愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为: 表示所发生的时间 过去 现在 将来 虚拟语气结构 had + 过去分词; 过去时(be 用 were ) 过去时(be 用 were )例如: I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我 倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在 这儿。We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒 想你明天去那儿。 四、主语从句中的虚拟语气 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语 从句中常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语其的结构为: shoul d + 动词原形,主句中的谓语动词形式不限。 句型: (1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / dis appointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / be tter / best / curious / desirable / important / strang e / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that… (2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. tha t… (3) It is suggested / requested / desired / propo sed /…. that … (4) It worries me that… 如: It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。 It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪, 他竟没有来。 It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。 It worries me that we should be blamed for th at. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。 五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气 英语中,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词 adv ice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, pr oposal, recommendation, request, requirement, sugge stion, wish 充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们 后面接同位语时, 表语从表面上看几思巴挥锎泳涠 须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 动 词原形。如: We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议:我们应该请 求老师的帮助(from )。 He told us his idea that he should go to unive rsity. 他告诉了我们他的想法:他想上大学。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。 Their plan is that they should build a new fac tory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一 座新工厂。 六、定语从句中的虚拟语气 英语中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的 谓语动词须用虚拟语气, 其虚拟语气的结构为: is (h It igh / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ sho uld + 动词原形。如: It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该 上班了。 7. 简单句中的虚拟语气 1. 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌, 言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:w ould / could / might / should + 原形动词。如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把 门关起来你介意吗? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。 2. 表示“祝愿”时, 常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。 3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国 ******万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 (1) 提出请求或邀请。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this ev ening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的 单车吗? (2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮 助你。 (3) 提出劝告或建议。如: You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问 一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 (4) 提出问题。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你认 为他能按时来吗? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你 期望他会告诉我们真相吗? (5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其 虚拟语气的结构为: “情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就 到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把 他还给他了。 有关虚拟语气的几点重要说明 一、错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指 时间不一致, 如从句指过去, 而主句即指的是现在或将 来, 此时应根据具体的语境情况, 结合上面提到的三种 基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如: If you’d listened to me, you wouldn't be in suc h trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有 这样的麻烦了。 二、含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下 文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如: To hear him talk, you'd think he was Prime M inister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。 Without your help,I couldn't have achieved al l this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。 三、连用虚拟语气的几个固定表达 有三个表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表达,它们总是 连用虚拟语气,它们是 but for, if it were not for, it it hadn’t been for。如(from ): But for your help we would have been late. 幸 亏你帮忙,要不我们就迟到了。If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t h ave succeeded. 要不是有你帮忙,我们是不会成功的。 四、虚拟语气的省略与倒装 有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略,而将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首。如: Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙,我现在不会干得这样好。 Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里,我就会问她这个问题。 考查虚拟语气的一道妙题 有这样一道题: “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had a high fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. wou ld 【分析】此题容易误选 A 或 C。选 A 者,认为前 后两句的动词性质应一致;选 C 者,认为其后带有 if 条件状语从句,从语气上看,主句应用将来时态。以上 两种分析都有一定道理, 但是不完全对。 用“so+助动词 +主语”表示“……也一样”时,在多数情况下,其中的 助动词会与前一句的动词性质一致。如: He is ill, and so am I. 他病了,我也病了。 He can do it and so can I. 他会做,我也会。 He likes it and so do I. 他喜欢它,我也喜欢。 但是,有时也不一定如此。如: If you go, so shall I. 如果你去,我也去。 When animals and plants disappear, so will ma n. 当动植物消失的时候,人类也会随之消失。 至于为什么不能选 C,那是因为其后的 if 条件状 语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(许多同学会忽略此信 息),所以主句要用 would 而不用 will,即答案应选 D。A. DoB. didC. hadD. would2. “I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rat her you ________. ” A. Don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t 3. It has been raining for a day, but even tho ugh it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorr ow. A. can’t get t got B. won’t get C. hadn’ D. wouldn’t get4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discu ssion. Otherwise, she ________ something she would regret later. A. had said y B. said C. might sa D. might have said 5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once. A. be operated on ust be operated on B. m虚拟语气典型考题 10 例 1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “It’s time you ________. ” C. should be operated operated onD. beC. whatD. should n6. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ ___ it to you now. A. will show oing to show g? ―I would have but I ________ too busy work ing on the important experiment. A. had been am 8.―Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ ___ to Miami but to New York? ― I agree, but the problem is ________ he ha s refused to. A. that B. that B. was C. were D. B. would show C. am g D. am showing9. The workers will go on strike if the demand s they ________ put forward are turned down. A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had 10. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be uld you be 答案与解析: 1. B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thank ed Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法, it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。 2. B。I’d rather 后接从句时,从句谓语的时态规 律是: 用过去式表示现在或将来, 用过去完成式表示过 去。 3. A。 can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事 we 实,故宜用陈述语气。 B. Should you be C. Co D. Might you be7. ―Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meetin 4. Dotherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walke d away from the discussion,即暗示一个与过去事实 相反的虚拟条件句。 5. D。insisted 接第一个宾语从句,表示“坚持认 为(是怎么回事)”,用陈述语气;接第二个宾语从句, 表示“坚决要求(做某事)”,用虚拟语气。 6. B。 根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个 虚拟的条件,即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read t he article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话 ――但事实上忘了)。 7. B。易受前面虚拟语气的影响而误选 A。实际上 前面虚拟语气的答语采用了省略形式。可补充为:I w ould have gone to yesterday’s meeting if I hadn’t b een too busy. 所以 be too busy 是过去的一种实际情 况,并不是虚拟的情况。故填空处用陈述语气。 8. B。 因为 necessary 后的从句要用“(should+)动词 原形”,排除选项 A; 因 he 与 send 是被动关系,send 要用被动式, 排除选项 D; 答句中的表语从句中不缺任何句子成分,用 that。值得说明的是,refuse to 后省 略了 be sent to New York。 9. C。 they put forward 为修饰名词 demands 的定 语从句,按英语语法,当 demand 用作动词后接宾语从 句, 或用作名词后接定语从句或同位语从句时, 从句谓 语习惯上要用 should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气,其中 的 should 可以省略。 10. B。Should you be fired 是由 If you should be fired 变来的,又如:Should you require (=If you should require) anything give me a ring. 如果需要 什么,可以给我打电话。 四类省略的虚拟条件句型 一、省略连词 if 有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略,但此时应用倒 装句型, 即将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我 会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要, 我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到 达了。 【注】① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词 not 应置 于主语之后, 而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 W eren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t 而置于句首。 ② 有时省略 if 后提前的 had 不是助动词: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间, 我会 来的。(=If I had time…) 二、省略条件句的主语和其后的动词 be 若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词 be, 通常可将主语和动词 be 省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚 了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…) 三、省略“it+be” If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。 (=If it was necessary, I would…)四、省略整个条件从句 这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文, 即省略条 件从句后, 所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思 是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) / / / / / / / / / / ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定 清华大学★英语系测试: 中小学生英语量身定 做. 官方网站: 官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative 复合词 compound英语语法术语 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech词性 part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 主补 subject complement 基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial 句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form 格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense 过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定 清华大学★英语系测试: 中小学生英语量身定 做. 官方网站: 官方网站:/ 清华大学英语教授 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果英语学习顺口溜和小窍门 赵宝斌 整理 英语学习 动词为纲“滚雪球” 难易编组抓循环 同类归纳印象深 图示介词最直观 混淆多因形音义 反义词语成对念 构词方法不可忘 习惯用语集中练 词不离句法最好 课外阅读莫间断 be 的用法口诀 我用 am,你用 are,is 连着他,她,它; 单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定,更容易,be 后 not 莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用 in,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用 on,上午下午又是 in。 要说某日上下午,用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏须用 at,黎明用它也不错。 at 也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上 to, 说“过”只可使用 past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 记住 f(e)结尾的名词复数 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 巧记 48 个国际音标 单元音共十二,四二六前中后。 双元音也好背,合口集中八个整。 辅音共计二十八,八对一清又七浊, 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音, 有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。 非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一 些常用特殊谓语动词 动词后,不定式,want, hope 和 wish, agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此, 要记牢,要记住,掌握它们靠自己。 后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的 一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握,have, let 和 make, 此三动词是使役, “注意” “观察” “听到”see, 还有 feel 和 watch,使用它们要仔细, 后接“宾补”略去“to” ,此点千万要牢记 除此之外,还可以掌握“八字言” , 一感 feel,二听 hear, listen to, 三让 have, let, make,四看 see, look at, observe, watch后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词 特殊动词接“动名” ,使用它们要记清, “放弃” “享受”可“后悔” , “坚持” “练习”必“完成” , “延期” “避免”非“介意” 掌握它们今必行。 动名词在句中的功能及其它 “动名”语法其功能,名词特征有动、形,主宾表定都 可作, “动名”“现分”要认清, 、 “现分”不作“宾”和 “主” , 动名作“状”可不行。二词皆可作定语,混为一谈不允 许,主谓关系视分词, “动名”一词无此义。 现在分词形式及在句子中的作用(包括过去分词的作 用) : 现在分词真好记,动词后面 ING。它的作用真不小, 可以充当定状表。 还有宾语补足语,忘记此项不可以。 分词做定语的位置及其它 “定分”位置有二条,词前词后定分晓。 单个分词在词前,有时此规有颠倒。 分词短语在词后, “定从”和它互对照。 “现分”动作进行时, “过分”动作完成了。 (注: “定分” :做定语的分词; “定从” :定语从句; “现 分” :现在分词; “过分” :过去分词。 ) 分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语,概有七意义。 “ 时间”和“原因”“结果”与“目的” , 。 “方式”加“伴随”“条件”常出席。 , 且谈其主语,谓语头前的*。 欲要记住它,必须常练习。 (*指句子的主语) 独立主格结构 独立结构要认清:名、代之后副或形。 或是分词或“介短” ,with 结构不可轻, 名代二词是其“主” ,句子结构必分明。 独立结构好掌握 句中作用只一个: 千变万化皆做“状” ,其中意义也不多。 “时间” “条件”和“原因”“方式” , “伴随”没别的。 2.He looked around,but saw nothing. “状从”和其前三个,可以互变不难学。 他环顾四周,什么也没看见。 3.He listened,but could hear nothing. 以上选自《英语学习秘诀》 主编吕志士 他侧耳细听,什么也没听到。 4.The old man raised his head,facing the rising sun. 英语分数巧记 老人抬起头,面对冉冉升起的太阳。 英语分数不费事, “母序子基”四个字。 5.He is very interested in the interesting film. 分子若是大于一,分母还须加-s。 他对那个有趣的片子很感兴

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