句子分析,这是什么句?为什么不用which引导的主语从句而用that?

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That引导的定语从句与强调句的区别
本文标签:考试 考试技巧 定语从句 强调句
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在近期的雅思教学中,发现学生经常对that引导的定语从句和强调句区分不清,先归纳如下:
在近期的教学中,发现学生经常对that引导的定语从句和强调句区分不清,先归纳如下:
  一、 that引导的定语从句
  1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词
  2. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
  〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间&time&一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
  By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
  I still remember the first time I met her.
  Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
  3. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
  Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
  I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
  We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
  4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物
  二、常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
  It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
  此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
  It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
  It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
  典型例题
  1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
  A. the time B. when C. that D. which
  答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 &who&,其余用that。
  原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
  强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
  2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
  A. that B. when C. since D. as
  答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be& that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is&that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
  It is /was +时间+ since& 其中is&---& has been was &---& had been.
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  在近期的雅思教学中,发现学生经常对that引导的定语从句和强调句区分不清,先归纳如下:  一、 that引导的定语从句   1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词   2. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略   〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导   By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.   I still remember the first time I met her.   Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.   3. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which   Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。   I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。   We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。   4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物     二、常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。   It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。   此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。   It is from the sun that we get light and heat.   It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.   典型例题   1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.   A. the time B. when C. that D. which   答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用that。   原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.   强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.   强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.   强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)   强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.   2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.   A. that B. when C. since D. as   答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。   It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is has been was
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   定语从句
什么时候用THAT而不用WHICH,什么时候用WHICH而不用THAT?
  什么时候用THAT而不用WHICH,什么时候用WHICH而不用THAT?
  什么时候用THAT而不用WHICH,什么时候用WHICH而不用THAT?
只用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如: Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如: The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。 That's the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如: The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如: Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。 你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。&&5、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句: There's still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。 6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如: We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。 He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。 7、当主句中有who, which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免whowho, whichwhich等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。例如: Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁? Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多? 8、人或物在定语从句中表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。例如: He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。 二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况 1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如: Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的,这使得他很轻。 2、当关系词前有介词时。例如: This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。 3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.例如: Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。 4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如: Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。 5、先行词为that时。例如: The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。定语从句中只能用that/which
【转】 定语从句中只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况&只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况
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关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句,修饰代表人或事物的先行词,但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。例如:  The
bag that lies on the ground is hers.
地上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)
  The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.
我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)
  在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换, 但在下列情况下不可以互换:
  1. 只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况
  (1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.例如:
  ① That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这些。
  ② Is there anything that you want to buy in town?
你有什么东西要在城里买吗?
  ③ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his
老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
  (2)先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时,
关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.例如:
  ① The first English novel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
  ② This is one of the most exciting football games that I
ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
  ③ This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
  (3)先行词既有人又有物时, 关系代词只用that, 不用which.例如:
  ① The scientist and his achievements that you told me about
admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
  ② The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and
performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
  (4) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时, 通常只用that, 不用which.例如:
  ① He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。
  ② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
  (5) 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。例如: Which
the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车?
  2. 只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况
  (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which.例如:
  ① The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
  ② This is the reference book of which the teacher is
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
  注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如: This is the
question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This
the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
  (2) 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如:
  ①Students should keep in mind those regulations which
their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
  ②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best
which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
  [考题1] All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. (1989)
  A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
  [答案] B
  [解析] 先行词是不定代词all, 其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导, 在该定语从句中充当主语。
  考点72: who/whom引导的定语从句的用法
  who、 whom可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词, 在从句中分别充当主语和宾语(在非正式场合下,
除非紧跟于介词之后,
who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom)。例如:
  1. The visitor who came yesterday is Tom.
昨天来访的那个人是汤姆。(who引导修饰visitor的限定性定语从句, 并且在该从句中充当主语)
  2. His friends, who had tried to dissuade him from smoking,
not succeed.
他的那些已经尽力劝阻他抽烟的朋友们并没有成功。(who引导修饰friends的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当主语)
  3. First came Mary, whom few of us had expected.
首先来的是我们当中几乎没有人料到的玛丽。(whom引导修饰Mary的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当宾语,
这里的whom可以被who所代替)
  4. He is John to whom you ought to address the request.
他是约翰,
你应该向他提出此项请求。(whom引导修饰John的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当介词to的宾语,
这里紧跟于介词to之后的whom不可以被who代替)
  注意: that引导限定性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时,
通常可以与who换用。不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。例如:
scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great.
发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而伟大。// Jim is the man with whom she talked.
跟她说过话的那个人是吉姆。
  [考题1] Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have
greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t.
(2006北京)
  A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
  [答案] C
  [解析] 两个下划线处分别引导定语从句修饰表示人的women、 those, 并且在定语从句内部充当主语,
均应采用who的形式。
  [考题2] The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a
comeback,
attracted a lot of attention. (2002北京春)
  A. where B. when C. which D. who
  [答案] D
  [解析] Who引导非限定性定语从句, 修饰先行词star.
  [考题3] He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner
scholarship for three years. (2002上海春)
  A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
  [答案] D
  [解析] 被who所引导的限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词是表达单数含义的“the only one”(of the
students是the only one的后置定语), 题干中的“for three
years”意味着应采用现在完成时表示已经赢得奖学金的情况, 因此本题只能选D.
  [考题4] In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____
could turn for help. (1992)
  A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
  [答案] D
  [解析] “turn to sb. (for
sth.)”是表示“(就某事或某物)求助于某人”的固定搭配。介词to必不可少,
可以紧跟介词to后引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词person的关系代词只能是whom, 所以下划线处应是“to
whom”的形式。
  [考题5] I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen.
  A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
  [答案] D
  [解析] 表示“在其中, ……之中的一部分”的含义, 应用介词of (from没有类似用法), 例如: several of
friends (我的几个朋友)、 one of them(他们中间的一个)。修饰先行词friends、
能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些(是生意人)”的关系代词只有whom, 所以本题只能选D.注意:
本题不选A是因为该形式不能引导定语从句, 填入下划线处会导致整个句子包含两个单独的、
缺乏连词连接的简单句(通常情况下这属于病句);
不选B是因为which通常不能引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词;
不选C是因为of放于who之后与some连用导致整个句子的意思难以理解。
  [考题6] I was told that there were about 50 foreign students
Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany. (2006辽宁)
  A. study; of whom B. study; of them
  C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
  [答案] D
  [解析] 第一个下划线处引导修饰students的定语, 不能采用动词原形而应用现在分词的形式, 据此直接排除选项A、
第二个下划线处引导修饰students的定语从句, 用来补充说明students的情况, 由于them不能引导定语从句,
应直接排除C而选出D.
  [考题7] We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and
of them came up to us, ____ we gave some bells and glasses.
(2006湖南)
  A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
  [答案] B
  [解析] 根据“give sth. to sb.”的搭配, 下划线处应以to
whom的形式引导定语从句。Which不能引导定语从句修饰人, 所以A、 D应首先排除。
  考点73: whose引导的定语从句的用法
  whose可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人或事物的先行词, 在定语从句中充当定语。例如:
  Is there anyone here whose name is Li Hua? 这儿有叫李华的人吗?(先行词表示人)
The bicycle whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
刹车坏了的自行车现在已被修好。(先行词表示物)
  [考题1] George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many
novels and essays. (2004北京)
  A. the real name B. what his real name
  C. his real name D. whose real name
  [答案] D
  [解析] 题干的意思是: 真名是 Eric Arthur的George
Orwell写了很多政治性的小说和短评。四个选项中只有D选项可以引导定语从句修饰主语George
Orwell(在定语从句中whose充当定语), 其他选项都使得下划线部分出现一个“主语+系动词+表语”结构,
从而导致整个句子结构紊乱。
  [考题2] Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof
under repair. (2006福建)
  A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
  [答案] A
  [解析] 下划线处引导house的定语从句并在从句内部充当主语roof的定语, 应填入引导词whose.
  [考题3] Have you seen the film Titanic, ____ leading actor is
world*9鄄famous? (2001上海春)
  A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
  [答案] C
  [解析] 下划线处引导定语从句并充当定语从句中主语leading actor的定语, 只能选C.注意: 选项A、
B使得整个句子的结构出现混乱, 应排除。
  [考题4] Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by
from ____ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津)
  A. that B. whose C. those D. what
  [答案] B
  [解析] 题干中逗号之后为floods的定语从句, 下划线处在定语从句内部充当suffer
from的宾语——effects的定语, 相当于名词所有格floods的含义。
已投稿到:
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点,不代表新浪网的观点或立场。句子分析,有部分纯语法问题.
提问:级别:幼儿园来自:四川省内江市
回答数:1浏览数:
句子分析,有部分纯语法问题.
(为什么此处不可以用 which 呢?)
2.限用 whether 的条件?
3.should 作情态动词时,主要有哪些用法,哪些意义?
4.may, could, must 在情态上有什么区别?
years, during
( during 表示在一个时间范围内, 此处为什么用现在完成时,而不用过去时表示时间段内的持续呢?)
( he在此处泛指人,请问he在此处的用法?为什么可以泛指?)
very 在此处的意义和用法?)
temple, from
(我觉得这里应该用 which 指代 the
temple ,为啥用 where 啊?)
find.......是问意见的句式.
但是分析具体词语的话,理解成询问方式也不无不可,但是这个句子却不能这样理解. 难道说是因为 dinner 是抽象名词,不可以找吗?)
(意思我懂. 能帮忙分析一下句子成分,层次,关系,句式之类的么...)
&提问时间: 14:57:31
最佳答案此答案已被选择为最佳答案,但并不代表问吧支持或赞同其观点
回答:级别:三年级 14:17:58来自:浙江省杭州市
很高兴为你解答问题,希望你对学习越来越感兴趣!
1.The woman that lives next door has two lovely dogs.
(为什么此处不可以用 which 呢?)
形容人的用that\who,形容物的用which.
关系词that,which.who的用法、区别:)~
定义(Definition):在一个复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.这个被修饰的词就叫先行词引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as和关系副词where,when,why.
1 由关系代词引导的定语从句
A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)
that 指物 The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作宾语)
总结:(1)当that和which作主语时不能省略;作宾语时,在非正式文体中通常可以省略;whom也可以省略,但当whom位于介词后面时,不能省略.注意:在定语从句中,有的成分可以省略,但是主句中的先行词一定不能省略,如果一个定语从句在主句中缺少先行词,则一定要补上先行词.
(2) 关系代词whom, which (没有that) 在从句中作宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,构成介词+关系代词 引导定语从句,也可放在从句中相关动词的后面(含介词的动词短语).如:The man to whom you talked is a famous runner. = The man (whom) you talked to is a famous runner. 但是有的含有介词的动词短语一般不宜拆开(因为只有当它们连在一起的时候才有意思,拆开后意思就变了.
(3)引导词只能用that的情况
* 先行词既有人又有物时,要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
* who或者which开头的疑问句中,若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时,要用that引导定语从句而不用who和which.Who is the girl that is singing in the hall (避免重复)
* 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which. There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.
* 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时,关系代词一般只能用that.My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.
(4) 引导词不能用that 的情况
* 非限制性定语从句中不能用that.
* 介词后不能用that.
* 当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句而不用that. Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.
* 先行词本身是that时,一般用which引导定语从句,以避免重复.The predicate is that which is said of the subject.
2.限用 whether 的条件?
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
但是他们的用法还是有所不同, whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。
eg:Let me know whether you can come or not.
Let me know if you can come.
其次,当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。
eg:Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
还有就是whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。
eg: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse。
再有, whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。
eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.这个地方用if就错了。
最后,whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。
eg:We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
3.should 作情态动词时,主要有哪些用法,哪些意义?
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。
此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
4.may, could, must 在情态上有什么区别?
--Where's Emma?
--I can't say for sure where she is, but she may be out shopping.
(A.can B.should C.must D.may)
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can.
( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测),
must(主观推测)。
1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)
1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)
2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)
3. Can he have got the book?(推测)
2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。
He may not have finished the work .
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
3)must +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。
You must have seen the film Titanic.
He must have been to Shanghai.
4)should +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。
He should have finished the work by now。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。
You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式(have done)
主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
He will have arrived by now.
5. Sadam has been in power for over ten years, during which Iraq has been at war all the time.
( during 表示在一个时间范围内, 此处为什么用现在完成时,而不用过去时表示时间段内的持续呢?)
过去式不表示时间的持续,一般用某个时间点作为提示。从句子含义上去理解。此处注意all the time,用过去式不如用完成时。
6. He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
( he在此处泛指人,请问he在此处的用法?为什么可以泛指?)
网上说he不可以泛指人,我觉得最好用a person之类的,但是仅从据以去理解也说得通:他如果没有去过长城就不能说是个好汉。意译过来才是我们所说的俗语,这个在名人名言中可能会经常用到但是可能更我们平时说的泛指有一定的区别。
7. You are the very boy for whom I'm looking.
( the very 在此处的意义和用法?)
例句:This is the very thing I want.
这正是我想要的同一东西。
换种说法就是you are the boy for whom I’m looking for exactly.
8. He climbed up the top of the temple, from where he could see some things in the distance.
(我觉得这里应该用 which 指代 the top of the temple ,为啥用 where 啊?)
这里强调一个地点,从那个地方,而不是从那个塔(物)。用英文思维再想想看吧,给你些参考意见。
第一,定语从句中有“介词+关系代词whom(指人)/which(指物)”的结构用法,一般不会使用关系副词,但是where在与from搭配时是一个例外,需要特别记住。
第二,事实上,英语中最常见的是“介词+名词/代词”构成介宾短语/介词词组,但也经常出现“介词+介词词组”或“介词+副词”的现象,如:
He did not tell me the news [until after then].
I heard a sound from behind (the door).
此题出现的就是这种语法现象。
9. How did you find the dinner?
( how do you find.......是问意见的句式.
但是分析具体词语的话,理解成询问方式也不无不可,但是这个句子却不能这样理解. 难道说是因为 dinner 是抽象名词,不可以找吗?)
vt. 发现;认为(=feel);感到;获得
我找了一下没找到确切语法,不过我们老师曾经说过一个区分点。一般来说,how do you …表示你怎么看,how did you …表示你怎么做的。因为用过去式问话者一般不可能表示你过去怎么认为,而是问你过去怎么做成的。
10.Treat others as you want to be treated.
(意思我懂. 能帮忙分析一下句子成分,层次,关系,句式之类的么...)
我来告诉你怎么写类似的句子:
首先分析一下成分:Treat others\ as \you want to be treated.
第一个是一个祈使句,用动词原型开头。
As prep. 当作;以…的身份;如同,后接了一个句子,但此处不能再加that
最后一个是一个被动句。
该回答在 14:18:31由回答者修改过
提问者对答案的评价:
非常感谢!!
很详尽的答案,可以见得非常用心,谢谢交流!!
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