请教英语各大英语各种词性的用法法

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请把英语中的所有词的用法详细解说!如定冠词;分词;名词……
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一、实词:  1.名词(nouns)n.:  名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词.名词可以独立成句.在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代.名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等.普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等.  2.代词(pronoun)pron.:  代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种.  3.数词(numeral)Num.:  表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词.其用法相当于名词或者形容词.数词分为基数词和序数词两种.  4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.;  很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种.主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征.形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否.  5.副词(adverb)adv.:  是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词.副词是一种半虚半实的词.副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等.  6.动词(Verb)v.:  动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇.基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结.二、虚词:  7.冠词(article) art.:  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.  冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在.表示的主语数量或者特征.  8.介词(preposition)prep.:  介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分.介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语.介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语.介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词.  9.连词(conjunction)conj:  连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用.连词主要可分为4类:并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词.  10.助词:  助词是附着在词,短语,句子的前面或后面,表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词.助词有结构助词,时态助词,语气助词三种.  11.叹词:(interjection)interj.:  叹词是语法学术语.表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词.三、判断词:  yes和no四、其他:  1、动名词:动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.  2.、动词不定式:不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成.不定式是一种非限定性动词.而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词.“动词不定式”由动词+不定时构成.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式.  3、分词:[participle]具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能
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一、实词:  1.名词(nouns)n.:  名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或...
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英语常用词用法详解大词典——advise
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英语常用词用法详解大词典——advise
:1.advise的基本意思是“劝告,提出建议”,在旧时和现今的美式英语中还表示“向某人请教,与某人商量”。advise在商业用语中可作“通知,报告”解,是正式用法。
  advise & & &  v. &( advising)&  双解释义&  1.vt. & vi.劝告,提建议 give advice to (sb), tell sb what one t warn, caution, give an opinion, recommend&  2.vt.(商业)通知,报告 give information or notice to sb (business style)&  基本要点&  1.advise的基本意思是“劝告,提出建议”,在旧时和现今的美式英语中还表示“向某人请教,与某人商量”。advise在商业用语中可作“通知,报告”解,是正式用法。&  2.advise的搭配范围很广,生活中重要的和一般的事物均可使用。&  3.advise用作及物动词时,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,也可以是that从句。advise也可接双宾语,其直接宾语可由名词、带疑问词的动词不定式和that/wh-从句充当。advise还可接由动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。&  4.advise可用以引出直接引语,可用于被动结构。&  5.advise间或可用作不及物动词。&  6.advise作“劝告”解时其后的that从句须用虚拟式。具体说来, that从句作宾语时谓语动词可用动词原形,也可用“should+动词原形”; that从句用作双宾语中的直接宾语时,谓语动词多用“should+动词原形”。advise作“建议”解时谓语动词多用虚拟式,作“通知”解时一般要用陈述式。&  词汇搭配&  ~+名词&  ~ one's friends通知朋友们&  ~ the city police通知市警察局&  ~ the government向政府提出建议&  ~ a change of air建议换换空气&  ~ a complete rest建议全休&  ~ an early start建议早点动身&  ~ extreme caution建议要极端谨慎&  ~ prudence劝…谨慎&  ~ secrecy建议严守秘密&  ~ going slow劝(某人)慢走&  ~ taking a different approach建议采取不同的方法&  ~+副词&  ~ briefly简洁地劝告&  ~ brusquely粗暴地警告&  ~ brutally蛮横地提意见&  ~ cautiously小心地劝说&  ~ cleverly机敏地告诫&  ~ coolly冷静地劝告,冷淡地告知&  ~ disinterestedly无私地忠告&  ~ earnestly诚挚地劝告&  ~ explicitly直率地劝告&  ~ fervently热心地劝告&  ~ impartially公正地劝告&  ~ incompetently不适当地建议&  ~ intelligently明智地建议&  ~ moderately温和地劝说&  ~ needlessly不必要地劝告&  ~ pertinently中肯地劝告&  ~ rashly贸然提议&  ~ rightly正当告诫&  ~ safely很有把握地主张&  ~ sagely明智地建议&  ~ shrewdly机灵地劝告&  ~ solemnly严肃地提议&  ~ strenuously热烈地商议,紧张地商议&  ~ strongly竭力劝告&  ~ unhesitatingly毫不犹豫地建议&  ~ unselfishly大公无私地建议&  ~ urgently强硬地劝说&  ~ wisely明智地劝告&  ~+介词&  ~ sb against smoking劝某人不要吸烟&  ~ sb against the danger劝某人提防危险&  ~ sb against the use of sugar劝某人不要吃糖&  ~ sb against wrong劝某人别干坏事&  句型例句&  用作不及物动词&  ▲S+~(+A)&  I'll act as you advise.我将按你的意见行事。&  Will you advise on these points?关于这几点请你提提意见好吗?&  When a person gives advice, he advises.当一个人向别人提出忠告时,他就是在进行劝导。&  It is easy for you to advise, but difficult to take advice from others.劝告别人容易,接受劝告就难了。&  The playwright was invited to advise in the production.剧作家应邀对创作提出意见。&  用作及物动词&  ▲S+~+pron./n.&  I want you to advise me.希望你给我忠告。&  I'm only trying to advise you.我不过想给你个忠告。&  There is no one to advise her.没有人去劝她。&  You'll be able to advise us.你一定能给我们出主意。&  A lawyer should advise his clients as to their legal rights.律师应对其委托人争取合法权益出主意。&  We need some qualified person to advise us in the matter of the investment of the trust funds.在把信托基金用于投资的问题上,我们需要有一个内行给我们当参谋。&  The control-room listened carefully and then advised the astronauts.控制室仔细地听着,然后给宇航员提出忠告。&  What would you advise?你有什么建议?&   The secretary advised immediate settlement of the issue.秘书建议立即解决这个问题。&  I will advise you in a day or two.过一两天我会通知你。&  He had advised the city police station.他已经通知市警察局。&  ◇ 用于be ~ed结构&  Be advised by me.接受我的意见吧。&  ▲S+~+v-ing&  I'd advise taking a different approach.我建议换个方法。&  She advised holding a class meeting.她提议召开一次班会。&  He advised losing some weight, getting plenty of sleep and eating good meals.他建议减肥,有充足的睡眠并要吃得好一点。&  He advised reading the letter carefully before answering it.他建议在回信之前把信好好地看看。&  They advised investigating the cause of the railway accident.他们建议调查列车发生事故的原因。&  Who advised his making that statement?谁劝他发表那个声明的?&  ▲S+~+that-clause&  He advised that she not get up so late.他劝她不要那么晚起床。&  Tom advised that they be printed.汤姆建议把它印刷出来。&  ▲引出直接引语&  “Don't go jumping to conclusions,” Minnie advised.“不要贸然下结论,”明尼劝说。&  用作双宾动词&  ▲S+~+pron./n.+wh-to-v&  I advised her where to stay.我向她提议在何处逗留。&  Can you advise me how to do it?你看我该怎么办好?&  ▲S+~+pron./n.+that-clause&  I advised her that she should wait.我劝她应当等一等。&  We have advised her that we are coming.我们已通知她,我们要来。&  A stone guidepost advised him that Gaza was still eight miles distant.一块指路碑告诉他离加沙还有8英里。&  We are to advise you that the matter is under consideration.此事已在考虑之中,特此通知。&  ◇ 用于be ~ed结构&  We have been advised that the roads are too icy for the trip.有人告诉我们公路上已结满了冰,不宜旅行。&  ▲S+~+pron./n.+wh-clause&  Would you advise me where I should spend my holidays this summer?你给我参谋参谋今年夏天我在哪儿度假好?&  Please advise me which is the best.请告诉我哪个最好。&  Please advise us when the goods are dispatched.发货时请通知我们。&  Will you advise us when the goods should arrive?请通知货物将在什么时候到达?&  Please advise us whether the goods should be dispatched at once.请通知我们是否要立即发货。&  ▲引出直接引语&  “Don't believe everything you hear,Nick!” he advised me.“别听什么都信以为真,尼克,”他告诫我说。&  用作宾补动词&  ▲S+~+pron./n.+to-v&  What would you advise me to do?你想要我做些什么?&  I strongly advised you not to do so.我竭力主张你不要这样做。&  You want to find your sister tonight,I advise you to look in the Boylan Estate.今晚你想要找你姐姐,我劝你到博伊兰庄园去找。&  I earnestly advised him to cooperate.我诚挚地劝说他合作。&  The doctor advised him not to drink excessively.医生劝他不要饮酒过度。&  I advised myself to send up a little repast suitable to so delicate young palates.我考虑筵席必须准备得精美可口,以适合这些年轻姑娘的口味。&  I can safely advise you to buy it.我劝你买它是不会错的。&  He often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人多用脑子。&  Doctors advised me to have it removed.大夫们劝我把它割掉。&  They often give talks, advising children to acquire hygienic habits.他们常作报告,告诫孩子们养成良好的卫生习惯。&  If you don't feel well,I advise you to stay in bed.如果你感到不舒服,我建议你卧床休息。&  ◇ 用于be ~ed结构&  So they were advised to form another fire company.所以有人建议他们另外成立一个消防队。&  ▲S+~+n./pron.+to be adj.&  I advised him to be cautious.我劝他要当心。&  常用短语&  ?advise about〔on〕 (v.+prep.)&  (就某事或做某事)向某人提出建议或忠告 give sb advice about〔on〕 sth or doing sth&  ▲advise sb about〔on〕 sth&  Priests advise their churchgoers about many personal troubles.牧师就许多人的烦恼问题向常去做礼拜的教徒提了忠告。&  He advised her about her business affairs.他对她的生意经营提出一些意见。&  I have advised you on that subject.就这个问题我给你提过建议。&  She advises the government on economic affairs.她就经济形势向政府提出建议。&  Perhaps you are the best man to advise me on this question.在这个问题上,你可能是能给我提出建议的最合适的人。&  ▲advise sb about〔on〕 v-ing&  Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气条件下的航行情况。&  ▲advise sb about〔on〕 wh-to-v&  The teachers advised the freshmen on how to use their time to the best advantage.老师指导一年级新生如何充分利用时间。&  ▲advise sb about〔on〕 wh-clause&  Experienced seamen will advise you about whether you should sail the boat in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气条件下是否可以航行。&  ?advise against (v.+prep.)&  告诫; 强烈反对 w turn against strongly&  ▲advise against sth&  In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。&  ▲advise sb against sth/v-ing&  Father advised me against the danger.爸爸劝我提防危险。&  Her mother advised her against marrying in haste.她母亲劝她不要匆匆结婚。&  ?advise of (v.+prep.)&  向某人告知某事或提醒某事 give information or warning to sb about sth&  ▲advise sb of sth&  I advised you of the danger.我提醒你提防危险。&  The motoring organizations have advised motorists of thick mists on the mountains.摩托车俱乐部已通知车手山上有浓雾。&  Please advise me of any change of address.如地址有变化,敬请通知。&  He has not advised his friends of his marriage.他未把他的婚事通知朋友们。&  I'll advise you of my future plan.我会把今后的打算告诉你的。&  The nurses advised the doctors of the conditions of their patients.护士向医生报告病人的情况。&  He advised me of his whereabouts.他把他的行踪告诉了我。&  Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods.请通知我们货物的发运情况。&  ◇ 用于be ~ed结构&  He has been advised of the state of the market.他已得知市场的行情。&  The room began filled with offspring who were advised of their sister's betrothal.那些得到姐姐订婚消息的晚辈们开始挤进她的房间。&  ?advise with (v.+prep.)&  〈美〉商量,商议; 从某处得到意见 take counsel with&  〔说明〕 advise with后一般接人,不接物。&  ▲advise with sb/sth&  I could advise with no one.我无人可商量。&  You'll advise with him on these points.这几点你要和他商量一下。&  Before buying a house he advised with friends who owned houses.买房前他请教了有房的朋友们。&  Before making any decision, the President usually advises with leading members of his special information committee.在作出任何决定之前,总统通常与其特别顾问委员会的主要成员进行磋商。&  She has gone to advise with her classmates about going to the countryside.她已经去找同学们商量下乡的事。&  He'll advise with his parents on his studies.他将同父母商讨他的学习问题。&  He advised with his colleagues on the teaching programme.他与同事们商讨教学计划。&  He inspects their farms and advises with them on the best farming methods.他视察了他们的农场并与他们商讨最佳耕作方法。&  I shall advise with my friends as to what is to be done.至于该做些什么事,我会与朋友们协商好。&  词语辨异&  ?advise sb to-v, advise v-ing&  这两种结构的区别在于:&  1.充当的句子成分不同:advise后的动名词是直接宾语; 而动词不定式是宾语补足语。&  2.动作的逻辑主体不同:动词不定式所表示的动作的逻辑主体是其前的sb,即advise的宾语,与句子的主语不是同一个〔些〕人; 而动名词所表示的动作的逻辑主体或者没有明确指出,或者由其前的物主代词表示; 可能是与句子主语不同的人,也可能是包括句子主语在内的一些人。综合上述两点,简言之,以人作宾语时用动词不定式作宾语补足语; 不以人而以动作作直接宾语时用动名词。试比较以下两句:&  &   advise with, advise sb&  二者的区别在于:advise with其后常接人作宾语,即advise with sb,意为“与人商量”,句中的主语和with的宾语是以比较平等、友好的方式进行交谈、协商,属于美式英语的正式用法; advise sb 是“劝告某人做或不做某事”,常出现在advise sb to do sth 、advise sb not to do sth 或advise sb against sth/doing sth结构中。&  advise, acquaint, inform, notify, tell&  参见acquaint条。&  advise, caution&  参见caution条。&  ?advise, counsel&  这两个词的共同意思是“劝告”。其区别在于:&  1.advise可用于对重要的事情提出意见或劝告,也可用于对一般事情提出意见或劝告; 而counsel则主要用于对重要的事情提出意见或劝告。例如:&  Would you counsel our giving up the plan?你会建议我们放弃这个计划吗?&  2.语气上, counsel比advise更正式庄重,指深思熟虑后郑重提出的意见或建议。&  3.advise的名词形式是advice,而counsel名词与动词同形。&  advise, persuade&  参见persuade条。&  正误解析&  我们的老师建议谨慎地做这项工作。&  [误] Our teacher advised to do the work carefully.&  [正] Our teacher advised doing the work carefully.&  [析] advise可接动名词作宾语,但不可接动词不定式作宾语。&  学习参考&  1.advise的人称宾语后可接动词不定式,也可接that从句,例如:&  她劝她丈夫不要吸烟。可译为She advised her husband not to smoke.也可译为She advised her husband that he shouldn't smoke.这两种译法中前者更合乎习惯。&  2.“advise+n./pron.+to-v”结构中的动词不定式一般认为是宾语补足语,但近来有语法学家认为该动词不定式在句中作双宾语中的直接宾语,只要用提问的方式把动词不定式变为答语,就可以知道这种观点的根据所在了。例如:&  What did he advise you?—He asked me to rest.他建议你干什么?——他叫我休息。&  3.advise with sb on〔about〕 sth 作“与…商量…”解,在英式英语中是古旧用法,但在美式英语中却是现代的正规用法。英式英语中表示“与…商量…”用consult with sb on〔about〕 sth。&  补充资料&  [派生词] advisor,-er n. 顾问;提建议者&  [同义词] counsel, induce, inform, notify, persuade, recommend, suggest, urge, warn&  [词源] &拉丁语advisum&advidere(按照我的看法)&
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