foolish的意思近义词有哪些

英语同义词近义词参考 的近义词是 ,
这些形容词都可表示“愚蠢的,笨的,傻的”之意。 foolish 一般指人的无头脑、愚蠢,或缺乏常识与判断力,或指行动的愚蠢可笑。silly 口语用词,可和foolish互换,但语气稍强。侧重指人的言行不合常规或不理智,强调单纯、低能和糊涂。stupid 多指人或行为的愚蠢,尤指先天智能低下,或因某种原因失去正常的反应或感觉。有时也可与silly和foolish换用,但语气强,常含贬义。simple 强调头脑简单或缺少智慧。dull 指对问题理解迟钝,缺乏灵敏机智头脑,可能是先下智力低下,也可能因疲倦或健康不佳所致。
选填下列各词的汉语意思&
方法:先单击对应的方框,再点击按钮上提供的答案(电脑采集答案,仅供参考)。&&&&
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& 2015 .All Right Reserved.adj. 愚蠢的;傻的
全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版答案 英语复习材料 汪晓寒 location 场所位置 dumb 愚蠢的(foolish),哑的(toneless) assure 向某人保证(promise),使确信(guarantee) glorious 极好的(wonderful),辉煌的(splendid),光荣...
基于889个网页-
英语口语自学-第四章 常用万能词汇点点通 ... Stupid(愚蠢的): Foolish(傻的): Clumsy(笨拙的): ...
基于313个网页-
大同市南郊区皮肤病变_湿性坏疽四级大学英语四级考试大纲词汇(2_湿性坏疽四级 ... fool n.蠢人,傻子 vt.欺骗 foolish a.愚蠢的;鲁莽的 foot n.脚;最下部;英尺 ...
基于135个网页-
Forrest在英语里是Foolish(愚笨的)谐音。阿甘也自诩“傻人有傻福”。
基于127个网页-
我小小懵懂的心
爱情方程式
爱情那么傻
愚蠢的驴子
多么愚蠢的女孩
愚蠢的女孩
愚蠢的经历
愚蠢的事情
愚蠢的小丑
更多收起网络短语
[ 'fu:li? ]
devoid of good sense or judgment
&foolish remarks&; & a foolish decision&
having or revealing stupidity
以上来源于:
傻的,愚蠢的,笨的,不聪明的
可笑的;滑稽的;荒唐的
使窘迫的,使为难的
[古语]卑微的;卑鄙的;不足道的,不可取的
以上来源于:《21世纪大英汉词典》
If someone's behaviour or action is foolish, it is not sensible and shows a lack of good judgment. 愚蠢的
It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily.
无缘无故地寄托希望是愚蠢的。
He admitted that he had acted foolishly.
他承认自己做得很愚蠢。
If you look or feel foolish, you look or feel so silly or ridiculous that people are likely to laugh at you. 傻乎乎的
I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him.
我就傻乎乎地站在那儿看着他。
[ADV after v]
He saw me standing there, grinning foolishly at him.
他看到我站在那儿咧着嘴朝他傻乎乎地笑。
adj. 愚蠢的;傻的
愚笨地;无聊地;可笑地
傻瓜;愚人;受骗者
开玩笑的言行;戏谑
愚蠢;可笑
愚蠢的行为;愚蠢;蠢事
愚弄(fool的ing形式)
欺骗;开玩笑;戏弄
欺骗,愚弄
silly, stupid, foolish
“傻”,着重头脑简单,不懂事,有单纯,糊涂的意味;
着重生理迟钝,反应迟钝
“蠢”,着重缺乏智力或判断力;
以上来源于
silly, dull, simple, stupid, foolish
这组词都有“愚蠢的,笨的,傻的”的意思,其区别是:
口语用词,可和foolish互换,但语气稍强。侧重指人的言行不合常规或不理智,强调单纯、低能和糊涂。
指对问题理解迟钝,缺乏灵敏机智头脑,可能是先下智力低下,也可能因疲倦或健康不佳所致。
强调头脑简单或缺少智慧。
多指人或行为的愚蠢,尤指先天智能低下,或因某种原因失去正常的反应或感觉。有时也可与silly和foolish换用,但语气强,常含贬义。
一般指人的无头脑、愚蠢,或缺乏常识与判断力,或指行动的愚蠢可笑。
以上来源于
Let me disabuse you of that foolish idea.
让我纠正你那种愚蠢的想法。
It was foolish to endanger your life in that way.
用那种方式危及你的生命是愚蠢的。
You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。
"Tonight you,with your dark skin and foolish tears, you have that blood running in your veins,mijo.
VOA: special.
For joy, apparently, it was all Franny could do to hold the phone even with both hands. For a foolish half minute or so there was no other words, no further speech, then "I can't talk anymore, buddy."
为了欢愉,明显是弗兰尼拿着电话,或者用双手能做的,在大约半分钟里,没有其他的话了,也没有讲话了,然后说,我不能谈论任何人,巴蒂“
You say, well, why are you doing something so foolish?
你会说,你为什么在做那么傻的事啊?
My budget also replaces the foolish across-the-board spending cuts that are already hurting our economy.
In resigning Mr Cherry, who represents the village of Stedham, said the comments were "extremely foolish".
Leaving your future standard of living to the mercy of government monetary policy is foolish.
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&&&&高中部
[注]:near 当作形容词时,与close含义和用法相同,表距离近,都用be near / close to +地点。 但close 只能作形容词,而near 还可作介词使用,此时near不可再与to搭配。如:
①I live near (=close to) the factory.
Ⅱ. nearby 主要指空间上的附近,一般指较大范围。可用作形容词、副词或介词。如:
①&&&& They live in the nearby village. 他们住在附近的村庄。
②&&&& There was a traffic accident nearby. 在附近发生了一起车祸。
Ⅲ. next to 意思是“与……相邻,紧靠着”与be close to 很接近,但next to 强调距离上“紧邻”。
①&&&& Our school is next to a supermarket. && 我们学校紧挨着一家超市。
②&&&& Our school is close to a supermarket. && 我们学校距离一家超市很近。
§128 &&&&&& close/ shut
Ⅰ.close用作动词表示“关、闭”的意思时,通常仅指把开着的东西关闭起来。它还往往是较为正式的用语。如:
①&&&& Did you close all the doors and windows? && 你把所有的门窗都关了吗?
②&&&& Close your eyes. 把眼睛闭上。
③&&&& Do you mind if I close this window? &&& 我把这窗子关起来好吗?
Ⅱ.shut的意思是“关、关闭”,常常可与close通用,但它比close意味较强。比如说to close a door or gate时,仅指把门关上;而说to shut a door or gate时,则可以进而指用门闩、插销或其它东西把门关住。此外,shut 还往往不如close正式。如:
①&&&& They shut the doors and windows. 他们关住了门窗。
②&&&& Shut the box. 把箱子关起来。
③&&&& Shut the door after you. 随手关门。
§129 &&&&&& Chinese / of China
Ⅰ. Chinese “中国式的,具有中国特色的”作形容词时只能作前置定语。主要从物与物的角度看待事物。如:
I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国风味的食品。
Ⅱ. of China “中国的;属于中国的”为所有格式,表所属关系。作后置定语。
Please show me a map of China. 请给我拿幅中国地图。
§130 &&&&&& colth/clothes/ clothing/ dress/suit
Ⅰ. cloth 指做衣服等用的布料,如“布;毛料”等,是不可数名词。表达“一块布料”应说a piece of cloth,如:
①&&&& Different kinds of cloth are produced in that factory. & 那家工厂生产各种各样的布料。
②&&&& My aunt bought me two pieces of cloth yesterday. 我姑妈昨天给我买两块布。
③&&&& 但是,用于表达特殊用途的布时,如“台布;揩布”等,cloth是可数名词。如:Pass me a table cloth, please. 请递给我一块台布。
Ⅱ. clothes “衣服”,没有单数形式,不能单独与数词直接搭配。如不能说hour clothes, 但可以说many/ these/ a few clothes,它总是以复数形式出现,因此只能说: The clothes are… 如:
①&&&& All of her clothes were made by her mother. 她所有的衣服都是她母亲做的。
②&&&& There are many new clothes on sale. 有许多新衣服出售。
Ⅲ. clothing 意思也是“衣服”, 但它与clothes 不同,不是指具体的和件件的衣服,而是指衣着的整体而言。如:
①&&&& They were all in their summer clothing. 他们都穿夏天的服装。
②&&&& Each child has ample clothing. 每个孩子都有足够的衣服。
Ⅳ. dress 通常指外面穿的衣服。一般指妇女和儿童服装,还指礼服或某种特殊的服装。是可数名词。如:
①&&&& Who’s that girl in red dress? 穿红衣服的那位姑娘是谁?
②&&&& What size dress do you wear? 你穿几号衣服?
③&&&& He doesn’t care much about dress? 他不太讲究衣着。(他不讲穿)。
④&&&& He is in full dress. 他穿着礼服。
Ⅴ. suit 通常指用同样布料或衣料做成的一套衣服。如:
①&&&& She was wearing a red suit. 她穿着一套红西装。
②&&&& He wanted very much to get a new suit and throw off his old clothes. 他很想买一套新衣服,好赶快脱掉他的旧衣服。
§131 &&&&&& collect/ gather
Ⅰ.gather的意思是“收集、聚集”,它是表示收集或聚集的一般用语,不仅可以用于人和物,还可以用于抽象的东西。如:
①&&&& He gathered his books and notebooks. 他把书和笔记本收集在一起。
②&&&& She gathered the children round her. &&& 她把孩子们聚集在她的周围。
③&&&& A crowd soon gathered round him. &&& 一群人很快就聚集在他的周围。
④&&&& He is gathering information. 他在搜集情报。
Ⅱ.collect的意思是“收集、搜集、聚集”,通常指有计划和选择进行收集。当它表示一般的收集或聚集时,可与gather通用。如:
①&&&& He is collecting material for a book. 他正在聚集写书的资料。
②&&&& I have collected some famous pictures. 我收集了一些名画。
③&&&& A crowd soon collected when there was a car accident. 发生了车祸的时候,立即就有一群人聚拢起来。
§132 &&&&&& college/ institute/ university
Ⅰ.college的意思是“学院”,一般指大学内部的学院或独立的学院,如:
①&&&& There are many colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. 牛津大学和剑桥大学有很多学院。
②&&&& There are several teachers’ colleges in Jiangsu Province. 江苏省有几所师范学院。
Ⅱ.institute也可以表示学院的意思,但它通常指专科性(专门的)学院,如外语学院(institute of foreign languages)、体育学院(physical culture institute)、航空学院(aeronautical engineering institute)等,如:
①&&&& He graduated from an institute of foreign trade. & 他是外贸学院毕业的。
②&&&& She is a student of a chemical engineering institute.她是化工学院的学生。
Ⅲ.university的意思是“大学”,通常指由多个学院组织而成的综合性大学。如:
He graduated from Yale in 1915.他1915年从耶鲁大学毕业。
§133 &&&&&& competition/ game/ match
Ⅰ. competition “比赛、竞争”,指体能、技术、能力的竞争。
He won a drawing competition. 他在图画比赛中获胜。
Ⅱ. game “比赛”指有一定规则,且决定胜负的脑力和体力劳动的“竞技”。如:
There is going to be a football game tomorrow afternoon.
Ⅲ. match 多指网球、足球、高尔夫球等运动项目的“比赛” 。
The golf match will he held tomorrow morning.
§134 &&&&&& complete/ finish
Ⅰ.complete用作动词表示完成的意思时,是指把已开始但尚未完成的事情完成。如:
①&&&& He has completed his task. 他已完成他的工作。
②&&&& The railway is not completed yet. 铁路尚未完工。
Ⅱ.finish的意思是“完成、结束”,着重指圆满结束已着手的事情,尤指完成精心之作的最后一步。如:
①&&&& Have you finished your work yet? 你的工作做完了没有?
②&&&& I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚看完了这本书。
③&&&& The picture is finished. 这幅画画好了。
§135 &&&&&& conceal/ hide
Ⅰ. conceal “隐藏、隐瞒”常与hide通用;但比hide正式些,多指有意将某事物隐藏起来或不予以泄漏。它只用作及物动词。如:
①&&&& The box was concealed under the bed.箱子是藏在床底下的。
②&&&& He concealed his moteves. 他隐瞒了他的动机。
Ⅱ. hide “隐藏、掩盖、躲藏”为普通用语。指有意或无意地将某物(或人)藏(躲)在人们不易看到或发现的地方。可作及物动词和不及物动词。如:
①&&&& Where did you hide it? 你把它藏到哪里了?
②&&&& He cannot hide the truth. 他不能掩盖真相。
③&&&& The moon was hideen by the clouds. 月亮被云彩遮住了。
§136 &&&&&& cost/ spend/ pay/ take
Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”; “需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如:
①&&&& I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。
②&&&& The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。
③&&&& The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价);使损失)
④&&&& Bad driving may cost &you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。
⑤&&&& 作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太高,我买不起。
[常用搭配]:
①&&&& at all costs 不惜一切代价,&&&&&—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs. &&&&&&&& 军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。
②&&&& at the cost of 以……为代价。&
&→1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。& &&&&&&&&&&&&&
→2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。
③&&&& cost of living 生活费用。
—→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。
Ⅱ.spend 的主语经常是人 , 用来表示人花钱买东西或花时间做某事,
常用的句型有: 如:
①&&&& I spend 5 yuan on the book.我买这书花五元钱。
②&&&& The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了10分钟画一只狗。
Ⅲ.pay “支付,花费”,主语只能是人 且只用于花费金钱,其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “为……付给某人多少钱” 其中的人、钱、事,可以根据具体情况取舍。如:
①&&&& I paid (him)5 yuan. 我付(给他)5元钱。
②&&&& I paid &him 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给了他五元钱。
③&&&& I paid him for the book. 我买那本书付给了他钱。
④&&&& I paid for the book. 我付了那本书的钱。
Ⅳ.take 也可表“花费时间和金钱”,(一般只指花费时间)
其常用结构为:It +take(各种时态)+time/money+to do sth. 如
It took me three hours to finish the work.
§137 &&&&&& country/ state/ nation
Ⅰ. country “国家”着重指疆土而言。“乡下、农村”相当于countryside, 但它指风景而言。如:
①&&&& This country is in the south of Europe. 这个国家在欧洲南部。
②&&&& Germany and France are European countries. 德国和法国是欧洲国家。
③&&&& The countryside around Nanjing is beautiful at this time of the year.
Ⅱ. state “国家”着重指政权而言。如:
①&&&& I’d like to borrow a copy of “The State and Revolution”.我想借一本《国家与革命》。
②&&&& The state is an organ of violence at service of class rule. &&&&&&&&&& 国家是阶级统治的暴力机器。
Ⅲ. nation “国家”着重指人民而言。如:
Two friendly nations support each other. && 两个友好国家互相支持。
§138 &&&&&& crazy/ mad
Ⅰ. crazy “发狂的、糊涂的、狂热的”常指由于忧虑、悲伤、欣喜、渴望、激动等某种强烈的情绪而引起的一种心神错乱、失去控制的精神状态。如:
①&&&& He was crazy with joy. 他欣喜若狂。
②&&&& You are crazy to do such a thing. 你干这样的事真糊涂。
③&&&& The boy is crazy on (or about) skating. 那孩子对溜冰着了迷。
Ⅱ. mad “发狂的、发疯的”通常指精神狂乱完全不能自我控制的一种病态。在口语中它也表示由于某种强烈的情绪而失常。如:
①&&&& The poor fellow is mad. 这个可怜的人是疯子。
②&&&& The dog has gone mad. 这条狗疯了。
③&&&& This worry is enough to drive me mad. &&&&& 这烦恼足以使我发狂。
④&&&& He is mad about the stage. 他迷恋于舞台生活。
§139 &&&&&& crop/ harvest
Ⅰ. crop “收成”指谷物、水果、蔬菜等一年或一季的收成 它表示“农作物、庄稼”的意思。如:
①&&&& The rice crop was very good this year. 今年稻子的收成很好。
②&&&& The rice bears two crops every year. 稻子一年收两次。
③&&&& It is harmful to growing crops. 这对于正在生长的农作物有害。
Ⅱ. harvest “收成、收获”多指谷物的收成,也指水果、蔬菜等的收成;有时指收割行为。也可用于借喻,指行动或行为的结果。如:
①&&&& Rich harvests have been gathered in for several years running. 连续几年获得了丰收。(可用crops代替)
②&&&& The summer harvest is about to start. 夏收即将开始。
③&&&& He reaped the harvest of his hard work. 他获得了辛勤劳动的成果。
§140 &&&&&& crossing/ turning
Ⅰ. crossing “交叉点、十字路口”
Ⅱ. turning “路的拐弯处”如:
Take the second crossing / turning on the left. 在第二个十字路口/ 拐弯处向左拐。
§141 &&&&&& cry/ shout/ exclaim
Ⅰ. cry “叫、喊”,常指因痛、痛苦、恐惧等而叫喊,仅表示某种感情而不表达思想。它有时也指用言语高声叫喊,如表祈求。如:
①&&&& He cried with pain. 他痛得叫了起来。
②&&&& “Help! Help!” he cried. “救命啊!救命啊!”他高声地叫喊。
Ⅱ. shout “叫喊”,指表达思想的高声叫喊或说话。有时是用以表示高兴、痛、痛苦或惊恐等,有时是用于发出命令、提出警告或要别人注意。如:
①&&&& I shouted to him, but he was out of hearing. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 我对他呼喊,但他听不到。
②&&&& He shouted with pain. 他大声叫痛。
Ⅲ. exclaim “叫喊”指因高兴、痛苦、愤怒、惊讶等而突然地、感情激烈地高声叫喊。如:
① “What!” he exclaimed “Are you leaving without me?”&& “什么?”他喊道,“你要丢下我离去吗?
②They exclaimed with one voice. 他们齐声呼喊。
§142 &&&&&& cup/ glass
Ⅰ. cup “杯子”通常指带柄的瓷杯,用以喝茶、牛奶、咖啡或可乐等等。如:
①&&&& The cup stands on the table.杯子放在桌子上。
②&&&& Will you have another cup of tea? 你要再喝一杯茶吗?
Ⅱ. glass “杯子”用以饮酒、或喝等。如:
①&&&& The glass is broken to pieces. 这只玻璃杯打碎了。
②&&&& He drank two gasses of milk. 他喝了两杯牛奶。
§143 &&&&&& dear/ expensive/ high/;cheap/low
Ⅰ. dear 表示“贵”的意思时和cheap相对,指索价过高。主语是物。如:
①&&&& It is too dear. 这太贵了。
②&&&& The flowers were not dear. 这些花我贵。
Ⅱ. expensive “昂贵的”,指超过物品的价值或购买者的购买力。主语是物。如:
①&&&& It is too expensive for me to buy. 这东西太贵了我买不起。
②&&&& This is an expensive hat. 这是一顶价钱昂贵的帽子。
Ⅲ. high 与low相对,主语是价格(the price), 如:
①&&&& The price of the pen is not low for him. &&&&& 这支钢笔对于他来说不便宜。
§144 &&&&&& decide/ determine/ make up one's mind
Ⅰ.decide着重指经过考虑、商谈或研究之后作出“决定”,“下决心”。结束踌躇、疑惑、争论等状况。后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或从句,可用于被动语态中。如:
①&&&& Nothing has been decided yet.什么都没有决定下来。
②&&&& They decided to accept the invetation. 他们决定接受邀请
Ⅱ.determine表示“决定、决心”指经过认真考虑后下定决心。与decide一般可换用。后接名词、代词动词不定式。如:
①&&&& We determined on an early start.我们决定尽早出发。
②&&&& He has determined to learn English. 他已下决心学英语。
③&&&& We are determined to get the work done before May Day. 我们决心要在五一节前完成这项工作。
Ⅲ.make up ine’s mind “决定、决心”,是和犹豫不决等相对应的用语。意即:打定主意。如:
①&&&& He made up his mind to go there at once. & 他决定立刻到那儿去。
②&&&& He has made up his mind to be a dotctor. 他决心当医生。
§145 &&&&&& deep/ deeply
Ⅰ.作副词用时,都有“深深地”之意,但deep用于具体的深度,包括时间和空间。而deeply用于抽象的、比喻的意义;再者deeply可以修饰形容词和过去分词,deep 则不能。如:
①&&&& They lived deep in the sea.他们深潜海里。
②&&&& I’m deeply sory for your uncle’s death. &&&&&& 为你叔叔的去世我深表遗憾。
§146 &&&&&& defend/ protect
Ⅰ. defend “保卫、保护、捍卫”指采取积极措施以抵御或击退外来的威胁或攻击。它还可以表示“为……辩护”。如:
①&&&& It is the duty of every citizen to defend his country.保卫祖国是每一个公民的职责。
②&&&& He defended his comrades from harm. 他保护同志使其不受伤害。
③&&&& They defended the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 他们捍卫了马克思列宁主义的基本原则。
④&&&& He made a long speech definding his ideas. 他发表长篇演说为他的见解辩护。
Ⅱ. protect “保护”指采取措施,使之不受伤害或损害。如:
①&&&& The government protects the people’s interests.&&& 政府保护人民的利益。
②&&&& He built a fence to protect his garden. & 他围起了篱笆以保护园子。
§147 &&&&&& department store/ shop/ store
Ⅰ. department store “百货公司”原是美国用法,现在英也用了。不过英也把百货公司叫stores.如:
①&&&& I’m going to the department store. 我要到百货公司去。
②&&&& I get most things at the stores. 大部分东西我是在百货公司买的。
[注]:在美国,杂货商店(铺)叫grocery 或drugstore.
Ⅱ. shop “商店、店铺”,在英国,零售商店一般都叫shop.如:
①&&&& The shop opens at eight o’clock. 商店八点钟开门。
②&&&& The shop sells embroideries.那家商店出售刺绣品。
Ⅲ. store“商店、店铺”,在美国,零售店一般叫store. 如:
①&&&& He keeps a store in New Youk. 他在纽约开了一个商店。
②&&&& The wares in that store are dear. 那家店里的东西很贵。
§148 &&&&&& desire/ wish/ want/ hope/ expect
Ⅰ. desire 表“想、希望”等意。着重表强烈的愿望,热切的心情。如:
①&&&& I desired to see you. 我很想见见你。
②&&&& He desired success. 他渴望成功。
Ⅱ. wish 语气不如desire 强,且可以表示一种不能实现的愿望,(从句动词有虚拟语气形式);后接“不定式”或“代词/名词+不定式”结构。所表示的“希望”大体是可以实现的;此外,还可以接双宾语,表“祝愿”或表委婉的语气。如:
①&&&& I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能坐宇宙飞船飞向月球。
②&&&& I wish I were you.但愿我是你就好了。
③&&&& We wish to visit Yanan. 我希望能参观延安。
④&&&& We wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。
⑤&&&& I wish you a long life. 祝你长寿。
⑥&&&& I wish you success. 祝你成功。
⑦&&&& We can begin to work at once now if you wish(不及物动词)要是你愿意,我们现在可以立刻开始工作。
Ⅲ. want “想”其搭配关系为:want to do sth. Or want sb to do sth. 比较口语化,没有wish那样正式。如:
She wants me to do with her.
Ⅳ. hope 表对愿望的实现抱有一定的信心。后接“不定式;that 从句。”但不能接 双宾语。
①&&&& I hope to be a doctor. 我希望当一名医生。
②&&&& I hope she will be well again. 我希望她会痊愈。
Ⅴ.expect& “期待、盼望、预料”等,指对某一特定的事件的发生抱有颇大的信心。如:
①&&&& We are expecting a letter from her. 我们当时正期待着她的来信。
§149 &&&&&& desk/ table
Ⅰ. Desk “课桌、书桌、写字台”指读书、写字或办公用的桌子。如:
There are fifty desks in the classroom. 教室里有50张课桌。
Ⅱ. table “桌子、台”,指供吃饭、游戏、工作或安放其他各种东西的桌子或台子。它的广义包括desk在内。如:
We all sat at the same table. 我们同桌吃饭。
§150 &&&&&& develop/ developing/ developed
Ⅰ.develop既是及物动词,又是不及物动词,意为“发展”,“开发”。如:
The child is developing well. 这孩子发育很好。
Ⅱ.developing为现在分词,起形容词的作用,表示主动意义,意思是“发展中的”。如:
①&&&& China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
Ⅲ.developed为过去分词,起形容词作用,表示被动含意,意思是“发达的”。如:
Japan ia a developed country. 日本是一个发达国家。
§151 &&&&&& die/ dead/ death
Ⅰ.die 是不及物动词,一般指因生病,负伤等原因而死。且是非延续性动词(瞬间动词),不能和表示一段时间的状语(for+段时间短语;或since……)连用。如:
①&&&& He was born in 1847 and died in 1913. 他生于1847年,死于1913年。
②&&&& His grandfather has been dead for two years. = His grandfather died two years ago. 他爷爷去世两年了。
③&&&& He died ten years ago.他是10年前死的。(不可说:He has died for ten years. 或应说:It is 10 years since he died)
Ⅱ.dead 是形容词,表状态,可在句中作表语和定语。但不可作谓语。如:
①&&&& He is dead, but his name sill live for ever in our hearts.他虽然死了但他的名字将永远活在我们心中。
②&&&& It doesn’t look like a dead fox.看来不像一只死狐狸。
Ⅲ.death是抽象名词,只能在句中作主语或宾语。如:
①&&&& The murderer was sentenced to death. 杀人犯被宣判死刑。
②&&&& I heard of his death when I got to his house. 我一到他家就得知他已经去世了。
[注]:①die /dye 此两词本来意义是完全不同的(die “死” dye “染,染上”),只时二者的现在分词形式常易混淆。die—→dying dye—→dyeing
② die for / die from / die of/die away/die down/ die off/ die out
1.&&&&&& die for 表“为某一目的、事业等而死”;“渴望、极想”。
1).To die for the people is a glorious death..& 为人民而死,虽死犹荣。
2).I’m dying for a cup of coffee. 我很想喝杯咖啡。
2.& die from. 表“死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等)”。(除疾病或情感以外的原因)。如:
&& 1).He died from a wound. 他死于创伤。
&& 2).She died from overwork. 她过度操劳而死。
3.& die of 表“死于(疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等)”。
&& 1).The old man died of cancer.那老人患癌症死的。
&& 2).His father died of starvation in Germany.&& 他的父亲饿死在德国。
&& 3). The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s deth. 那位老太太在失去丈夫后不久就因悲伤而死。
4.& die away “消失;停息”如:
&& 1).The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声在远处消失了。
&& 2).The wind has died away. 风已经停息。
5.& die down 指灯火等慢慢地“熄灭”;指骚动等渐渐地“平息下来”如:
&& 1).They waited till the storm died down.&& 他们一直等到风暴停息。
&& 2).The fire died down. 火慢慢地熄灭了。
&& 3).The fighting has died down. 战斗渐渐停止。
6.& die off 指一个个相继“死掉”如:
&& 1).They had to watch their young children died off through lack of food. 他们不得不眼睁睁地看着孩子们因为没有东西吃而一个个地死掉。
7.& die out. “死光;绝种”如:
&& 1).These animals have already died out. 这类动物已经绝种。
§152 &&&&&& difficult/ hard
Ⅰ. difficult “困难”多指智力上的困难。一般可与hard代换。但比它程度要大。如:
①&&&& The question is difficult to answer.
Ⅱ. hard “困难”多指体力上的困难。如:
①Some of the apples are hard to reach.
§153 &&&&&& litter / rubbish
litter 和 rubbish 都可指“垃圾”,用作不可数名词。Litter 常指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收;
rubbish 则指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。如:
①&&&& Throw the rubbish out. 把垃圾扔出去。
②&&&& The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。
③&&&& Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
§154 &&&&&& discover/ invent/ find / find out
Ⅰ. discover “发现”发现的事物是本来存在的或是有人知道的。如:
①&&&& Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。
②&&&& He discovered a box hidden under the floor. 他发现了一只藏在地板下箱子。
Ⅱ. invent “发明”, 发明的东西是从前没有的。如:
①&&&& Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸汽机?
②&&&& He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种造丝的新方法。
Ⅲ. find “找到”指寻找的结果。是非延续性动词。如:
I am looking for my bike, but I may not find it. 我正在找我的自行车,可是不一定能找到。
Ⅳ. find out “找出、查明”指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白。如:
When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked. 他孩提时代时,就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。
§155 &&&&&& dollar/ pound
Ⅰ. dollar “美元”其货币符号为:$ 如:
①$12.5 = 12.5 dollars 12美元5美分。
Ⅱ. pound “英磅”,英国货币单位。符号为:£。如:
②£12.5 = 12.5pounds. 12英磅5便士。
[注]人民币为yuan, 符号为:¥。
§156 &&&&&& door/ gate
Ⅰ. door“门”指进出房屋的门或屋内的门,也指车辆或橱柜等的门。如:
①&&&& The door opened and a man came out. 门开了,一个人走了出来。
②&&&& There are sliding doors between rooms. 房间之间有滑门。
Ⅱ. gate “门、大门”,指出入某一场所的门,如城门以及围墙、围栏、篱笆等的门。如:
①&&&& We’ll gather at the school gate at 6:30. 我们六点半在校门口集合。
②&&&& Who is the man at the garden gate? 谁在花园门口?
§157 &&&&&& drag/ draw/ pull
Ⅰ. drag“拖、拉” 指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西,意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。如:
①&&&& The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖着很重的东西。
②&&&& The escaped prisoner was dragged out of hiding place. 那逃犯被人从隐藏的地方拖了出来。
Ⅱ. draw “拖、拉”与pull相比,它通常指较平稳地,也往往是比较从容地拉。如:
①&&&& Draw your chair up to the table. && 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。
②&&&& &He drew the book towards him. 他把书拉/拖到他面前。
Ⅲ. pull “拖、拉”是普通用语,指用力拉,与push 相对。如:
①Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把门拉开,别推。
§158 put down/ put up/ put on/ put away /
put off /put one’s heart into…
Ⅰ. &&&&&& 如:
① Don’t put down your hands. Put them up. && 不要放下手,举起来。
② A new notice has been put up. 已经贴出来一张新的通告。
①&&&& He took down the old picture and put up the new one. &&&&& 他把旧画拿了下来,挂上了一幅新画。
②&&&& A big building has been put up (= set up / build)in our school. 我们学校又盖起了一座大楼。
③&&&& He put on his coat and hat and went out. 他穿上大衣,戴上帽子出去了。
④&&&& Has the play been put on at this theater?&&&&&& 这个剧院上演过那部戏剧吗?
⑤&&&& Let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them a while. 我们还时把圣诞礼物暂时保存起来吧。
⑥&&&& Put away your coats in summer. 夏天时把大衣收起来。
⑦&&&& The meeting has been put off because of the rain. &&&&& 大会因大雨而延期举行。
⑧&&&& You can do anything well if you put your heart into it. 如果你全心身地投入,你什么事都能做好。
⑨&&&& He put his heart into his work and didn’t notice me.
§159 &&&&&& dress/ put on/ wear/ in/ try on
Ⅰ. dress “穿”指穿的动作,也指其状态。如:
①&&&& His mother dressed him in new clothes. 他的母亲给他穿上了新衣服。
②&&&& Get up and dress quickly. 快起床穿衣。
③&&&& She dresses neatly.& 他穿着整齐。
[注]:作vt,直接对象是人,而不是穿的衣服;作vi时,不能表穿什么衣服。
Ⅱ. put on “穿;戴”强调其动作。如:
①&&&& Put on your coat. 穿上大衣。
②&&&& He put on his hat and went out. 他戴上帽子出去了。
Ⅲ. wear “穿;戴” 强调其状态。如:
①&&&& He wears a coat. 他穿着大衣。
②&&&& The teacher wears glasses.老师戴着眼镜。
Ⅳ. in “穿;戴” 是介词。它构成的短语作定语或表语表其状态。其后还可接表颜色的词。如:
①&&&& She is in a coat . 她穿着大衣。
②&&&& The boy in blue is my brother. &&&& 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。
Ⅴ. try on “试穿/ 戴”如:
Please go to the tailor’s to have a suit tried on. & 请到裁缝店去试穿一套衣服。
§160 drill/ exercise/ practice
Ⅰ. drill “练习” 指有组织,有指导地反复进行的练习。尤指在课堂上或军队里进行的教练。如:
Question-and –answer drills are important when yu are learning a foreign language.
Ⅱ. exercise 指为发展智力或锻炼身体而进行的练习。如:
①&&&& He is doing an exercise in English grammar.
②&&&& We do morning exercises every day.
Ⅲ. practice 是不可数名词,指为了达到熟练或完善的程度 而反复进行的练习。尤指在艺术、手艺或技巧方面。如:
Piano playing needs a lot of practice.弹钢琴需要多练。
§161 &&&&&& drop/ fall
Ⅰ. drop 可用作不及物动词或及物动词,意为“下降,丢下,放下”。fall 只用作不及物动词,意为“落下,下降”。 如:
①&&&& The boy fell off the tree. 这男孩从树上掉了下来。
②&&&& The temperature is dropping. 温度在下降。
③&&&& Can you drop me? 你能让我中途下车吗?
④&&&& I dropped the box on my foot. 我失手让盒子砸了我的脚。
⑤&&&& I’ll drop off at the next stop. 我要在下一站下车。
§162 &&&&&& maybe / perhaps / probably
Ⅰ. maybe, perhaps. & probably,都是副词,有“或许、可能”之意。用法略有不同。
Ⅱ. maybe 和 perhabs 意思基本相同。如:
①&&&& Maybe / perhaps the weather will get better.& 可能天气会变得好一些。
②&&&& Maybe / perhaps you put it in your basket. & 或许你把它放在蓝子里了。
Ⅲ. Probably “很可能”比maybe. perhaps 的可能性都大。如:
They will probably refuse to speak at the meeting.他们很可能会拒绝在会上发言。
Ⅳ. maybe 可用于句首或句尾。perhaps 可用于句首或句中; probably 一般用于句中,不用于句首。如:
①&&&& Maybe they will come.他们可能来(也可能不来)。
②&&&& They will perhaps come. 他们可能来(也可能不来)。
③&&&& They will probably come. 他们很有可能来。
§163 &&&&&& during/ in/ for
Ⅰ.during 和in 二者都表示某事的发生贯穿于某段时间中,或发生在某段时间 中的某一点上或几点时间上。 在多数情况下,当我们不强调对比或某一段时间时,in 和during都可以用,意思上并没有什么区别。当我们要表达某事具体发生的时间时, 多用in.当我们指一项活动而不是一段时间时,只能用during, 另外during 还用来强调某动作持续了一段时间。如:
①&&&& I woke up three times in / during the night. 夜里我醒了三次。
②&&&& He had some amazing experience in / during his childhood. 他童年时有一些惊人的经历。
③&&&& We usually go on holiday in July. (不能用during) 我们通常七月份度假。
Ⅱ.during 和for. 两者都是表示一段时间的介词。
1.&&&&&& during 意为:“在……(时间)内”的行为或状态,与一段时间的整体连用。如:during the spring, during last year, during 1980等也可以和表示延续性事件的名词连用,如:during my childhood, during our stay, during his visit等,一般不用于现在完成时的句子里。如:
①&&&& During the winter we play fotball. 冬季我们踢足球。
②&&&& Many comrades went to see him during his illness. 在他生病期间许多同志去看望了他。
2.&&&&&& for引导一段时间,强调时间由始至终,可译为“(时间)长达……”一般与有长度的时间短语连用,如for three weeks. For a long time等,可用于现在(过去)完成时或过去时句子等。 如:
①&&&& He studied English for three years. 他学了三年英语。
②&&&& The French teacher has been in China for about a month.
§164 &&&&&& each/ every “每个”
Ⅰ. each 和every 常可通用,后跟单数名词。但也有一些区别:1)着重强调个体,而every 着重强调整体。如:
①&&&& Each student has got a new dictionary. &&&&&& 每个学生各有一本字典。
②&&&& Every student has got a new dictionary. 每个学生都有一本字典。(every student = all the students)
Ⅱ. each 用于指两个或两 个以上的人或事物, 而every 则用于指三个或三个以上的人或事物。 如:
①&&&& There are some ads on each side of the road. 公路的每一侧都有一些广告。(each side – both sides.这个句子中的each 不能用every 代替。)
②&&&& You look more beautiful each / every time I see you.&&& 每次见到你,你都看起来更漂亮。
Ⅲ. each 可用作代词,后跟“of+复数名词 / 代词”。动词仍然用单数,every 则不能这样用,因every是形容词。如:
①&&&& Each of students has got a new book. = Every one of the students has got a new book. = The students each have got a new book.(The students have got a new book each.)每个学生各有一本新书。
②&&&& Each of them likes light music. = Every one of them likes light music. = They each like light music. (They like light music each.) 他们人人都喜欢轻音乐。
§165 earth/ ground/floor/field/ land/ soil
Ⅰ.earth “地;地球;泥土”。它着重批“大地”,以别于“天空”;也可以指区别于坚硬岩石的泥土。如:
①&&&& The earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
②&&&& Snakes creep on the earth.蛇在地上爬行。
Ⅱ.ground. “地;地面”主要指大地表面。不论是呢地,沙地或水泥地,均可用这个词表示;也可用来指运动场地。如:
①&&&& The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林的地面上落满了树叶。
②&&&& There is a football ground in our school.我们学校有个足球场。
Ⅲ.foor.用于指建筑物内的“地板”,其前面通常加the;此外,还可以表示楼房的“层”。如:
①&&&&&& The cat is on the floor. 猫在地板上。
②&&&&&& the first floor(美:)一楼 / (英:)二楼。
Ⅲ.field. 表“田;地”常用于指种植农作物的“农田、土地”有时也可指研究、活动的“范围;流域”如:
①&&&&&& They are working in the fields.他们正在田里劳动。
②&&&&&& What’s your field of study? 你的研究领域是什么?
Ⅳ.land. “陆地”与河流和海洋相对;也可指“土地”,可耕种的田地就叫做它还可以表示“国土;国家”如:
①&&&&&& We travelled by land until we reached the sea.我们从陆路去一直旅行到大海。
②&&&&&& All the waste land in this area has veen opened up.这个地方的荒地全被开垦了。
Ⅴ.soil“土地;土壤”尤指生长植物的土地。如:
①&&&&&& The soil is very thin in the forest. 森林里土层非常薄。
②&&&&&& The peasants are preparing the soil for seed.农民们正在平整土地。
§166 &&&&&& elder/ older
Ⅰ.elder的意思是年长的,指家庭里两个成员中年龄较长的,或者指明的两个人中年龄较长的。例如:
①&&&& He is my elder brother. 他是我的哥哥。
②&&&& My elder sister works at a factory. &&&&& 我姐姐在工厂里工作。
③&&&& Which is the elder of the two? &&&& 这两个人中哪一个年龄较大?
[注] elder用作形容词时,通常放在名词前面作定语。它也可以用作名词,其复数形式表示长者、长辈的意思,例如:
We respect our elders. 我们尊重长辈。
Ⅱ.older是形容词old 的比较级形式,指年龄较大、较老,也指较旧。例如:
①&&&& Comrade Zhang is two years older than Comrade Wang. 张同志比王同志大两岁。
②&&&& This tree is older than that one. 这棵树比那棵树。
§167 &&&&&& else/ other“别的、其它的”
Ⅰ. else adj.& adv 作形容词时,主要用在 who, whose , what , 等疑问代词,或,nobody, nothing, somebody, something, anybody, anything, 等不定代词之后作宾语;作副词用时,用在where,when等词后作状语。如:
①&&&& He said what else you would like? 他问你还想要什么?
②&&&& Where else are you going to stay? 你们还要在别的什么地停留?
Ⅱ. else 可带’s。读作:[′elsiz] . 如:
I took someone else’s book by mistake. 我错拿了别人的书
Ⅲ. other 是形容词,有来修饰名词时,须放在名词之前。如:
Where are the other boys? 其它的男孩在哪里?
Ⅳ. 还可以修饰代词one, 或ones. 如:
This story is more interesting than the other one. 这个故事比那个故事更有趣。
§168 &&&&&& end/ finish/ stop
Ⅰ. ▲ end 指动作过程终止。
▲&&&&&&&& finish指动作已完成,再没有动作做。
▲&&&&&&&& stop 侧重动作的停止,即由“动”到“不动”。如:
①&&&&&&&&&& Everything ended. 一切都结束了。
②&&&&&&&&&& Have you finished your work? 你的工作做完了吗?
③&&&&&&&&&& He stoppedreading to have a rest.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 他停止阅读,休息了一会儿。
§169 &&&&&& enjoy/ like/ love/ prefer
&&&& 这四个词都有喜欢之意,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.like意为“喜欢、爱好”,语气较弱,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也跟复合宾语,宾语补足语常用动词不定式,即like sb. to do sth. “喜欢某人做某事”。如:
① In England many people like fish and chips. 在英国,许多人喜欢鱼和油煎土豆条。
② He likes playing volleyball. 他爱打排球。
③ I don’t like to eat pears now. 现在我不想吃梨。
Ⅱ.love意为“爱,爱好”,在感情上比like强烈,经常用于爱祖国、爱父母这一类程度比较深的情况,在口语中它往往仅指一般的喜爱,这样用时和like的意思相近,可以互换,后面可以跟名词、动名词或动词不定式。如:
④&&&& We love our Party. 我们热爱我们的党。
⑤&&&& I love to skate. 我喜欢滑冰。(可用like替换)
⑥&&&& They love playing table tennis. 他们爱打乒乓球。(可用like替换)
Ⅲ.enjoy意为“喜欢、欣赏”之意;有“乐于;享受。。。。。。之乐趣”的意思,其后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语,不接不定式形式。另外enjoy oneself 是“玩得愉快”之意,相当于have a good time,如:
①&&&& Many old people enjoy living in a village. &&&& 许多老年人喜欢在乡村居住。
②&&&& Did you injoy yourself in the park yesterday? 昨天你在公园玩得痛快吗?
Ⅳ.prefer为“更喜欢、宁愿”之意。常用于两者之间的选择,其后可跟名词、代词、动名词和不定式,也可跟宾语从句,但宾语从句要用虚拟语气。prefer还可以与介词to连用,表示“喜欢。。。。。。。,而不喜欢。。。。。。”。其中to为介词,后跟名词或动名词。Prefer to do…rather then do…意为“喜欢。。。。。。,不喜欢。。。。。。”。如:
①&&&& Li Lei likes Chinese , but I prefer English. 李雷喜欢语文,而我更喜欢英语。
②&&&& Mr Green prefers walking to riding a bike. 格林先生喜欢步行而不愿骑车。
③&&&& Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? 你比较喜欢喝茶,还是咖啡?
④&&&& He prefers to write her some letters rather then telephone her. 他喜欢给她写信,不愿给她打电话。
▲&&&& 总结:rather than“宁可;是。。。。。。而不是。。。。。。”,连接各种并列成份,在语气上肯定前面否定后面。也可写成would…rather than…would…,相当于instead of,如:
①&&&& He ran rather than walked. 他跑步而不是步行。
②&&&& They lost fame rather than wealth. 他们失去的不是财富,而是名誉。
③&&&& He would die rather than give in.=Rather than give in he would die. 他宁死不屈。
④&&&& These shose are comfortable rather than pretty. 这双鞋不好看但穿起来很舒服。
⑤&&&& She would rather be poor than do that. &&&&& 她宁愿受穷也不愿那样做。
§170 &&&&&& enter/ enter into
Ⅰ.enter. “进入”表进入一个具体处所,如房间、场所等,后面无需加介词; 也可表“进入”某个时期或阶段;当表示加入某个组织而成为其成员时, enter相当于join.如:
① She entered the house.她走进那间屋子。(不用into)
② China is entering a new stage of development.中国正在进入一个新的发展阶段。
Ⅱ.enter into. “进入、参加、开始从事”,后加抽象名词,主要表示“进入”某种状态。一般用于表抽象和借喻的意义。
Tom’s accident didn’t enter into our plan. Tom的事故是我们的计划中没有预料到的。
§171 &&&&&& error/ mistake/ fault
Ⅰ.error的意思是错误、过失,指背离某种准则的偏差,表示精确、不正确、不对。在本组词中,这个词用得最广泛。例如:
①&&&& This is an error in grammar. 这是一个语法上的错误。
②&&&& He made an error in opinion. 你的意见有错误。
Ⅱ. mistake “错误”, 指由于粗心、疏忽、缺乏正确的理解等原因而造成的“错误”。与error可通用,但在某些固定词组中不能换用。如:
by mistake. In error 等。如:
①&&&& You have made a mistake in your spelling. && 你在拼写上弄错了。
②&&&& I took his umbrella by mistake. 我拿错了他的伞。
Ⅲ. fault“缺点、毛病”也可表“过失、过错”含有当事人对造成的过错有责任的意味。如:
①&&&& With all his faults , he is still a good comrade. 尽管他有缺点,分还是一个好同志。
§172 &&&&&& even if / even though/ though
三者都可以引导让步状语从句。Even if 与even though一般可以换用,意为“即使、纵然”,引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握我大的事情,有时动词可用虚拟语气;though 意思是“虽然”,引出的从句叙述的是事实。如:
①&&&& He won’t tell me about it though he knows the news 虽然他知道这个消息但他不愿意告诉我。(他是肯定知道的)
②&&&& He won’t tell me about it even if / though he knows the news 即使他知道这个消息,但他不愿意告诉我。(他对消息或知或我知,句子含有一定的推测意味)
③&&&& I will try even if I may fail. 即使失败,我也要尝试一下。
④&&&& Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,他还继续工作。
[注] though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。
§173 &&&&&& evening/ night
Ⅰ.evening的意思是“傍晚、晚上”,指从晚餐至就寝这段时间,如:
①&&&& I must start by tomorrow evening. &&&&& 我至迟到明天傍晚必须动身。
②&&&& We have a film every Saturday evening. 我们每星期六晚上都有电影。
Ⅱ.night的意思是“夜、夜里、晚上”,指从日落到日出或从黄昏到拂晓这段时间。如:
①&&&& They spent the night in the forest. 他们在森林里过夜。
②&&&& We sleep during the night and work during the day. 我们夜里睡觉,白天工作。
③&&&& We saw the play on the first night. 这戏第一晚上演我们就看了。
§174 &&&&&& every day/ everyday
Ⅰ.every day连写和分开,不但在句中的作用不同,意义也不同。 every day是副词词组,意为“每天、天天”,在句中作状语。如:
We go to school every day.
Ⅱ.everyday是形容词,意为“日常的、普通的”,在句中作定语。如:
I study everyday English every day.
§175 &&&&&& every one/ everyone
Ⅰ.every one是“每个”的意思,通常指物,后面常跟of短语。但跟of短语的every one既可指人,也可指物。具体指什么要看of短语的内容。如:
①&&&& He ate up every one of those apples.&&&&& 他把那些苹果一个个都吃完了。
②&&&& Every one of us went there. 我们每个人都去了那儿。
Ⅱ.everyone是代词(=everybody),意思是“每个人、人人”,但一般不指具体哪个人,后接单数动词。如果需要跟物主代词,应用their或his,其后不跟of引起的介词短语。如:
①&&&& Is everyone here?
②&&&& Everyone can do it.
[注]every one后不与of连用时,即可指人又可指物,指人时与everyone 相同。如:
Everyone (every one) can do it.相同eryone .
there. day first&
every one与of连用必须分开写。
everyone 与not连用,只表示部分否定,并不是每个人的意思。
§176 &&&&&& examination/ test/ quiz
Ⅰ.examination表示考试的意思时,通常指比较正式的考试,如学期考试、入学考试等。如:
①&&&& We have an examination in English today.我们今天考英语。
②&&&& The students did very well in the terminal examination. &&& 学生们学期考试成绩很好。(这里指多门课程的考试,故examination 用复数形式)
③&&&& They’ve passed the entrance examination for Nanjing Teachers’ College. 他们通过南京师范学院的入学考试。
Ⅱ.test表示考试的意思时,指小考或考查。如:
①&&&& We are going to have a midterm test next week.。我们下周进行期中考试。
②&&&& The teacher gave us a test in grammer. 老师对我们进行了语法考查。
Ⅲ.quiz表示小考测验的意思时,指事先无准备,随时进行的短促的测验。如:
①&&&& The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的测验。
②&&&& How ofter do you have your quiz? 你们多长时间测验一次?
§177 &&&&&& exciting/ excited
Ⅰ. exciting 与excited 都含有“激动”的意思,在句中可作定语或表语。
& exciting 指某事物“令人兴奋、激动”,主语常是物。如:
①&&&& Skiing is more exditing than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更令人兴奋。
②&&&& It was an exciting match. 那是一场激动人心的比赛。
Ⅱ. excited 表示某人对某事物“感到兴奋、激动”,主语常是人。如:
①&&&& The boys were excited when they saw their team was winning 男孩们看到自己的球队要赢了,都十分激动。
②&&&& The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开各自的圣诞礼物。
[注意]英语中与它有类似用法的词常见的还有:
interested 感兴趣的&&&&&& interesting 令人感兴趣的
worried& 感到着急的&&&& worrying&& 令人着急的
tired&&& 感到疲倦&&&&&&& tiring&&&&& 令人疲倦的
bored&& 觉得厌烦的&&&&& boring&&&& 令人厌烦的
frightened 感到害怕的&&& frightening& 令人害怕的
§178& excuse …for/ excuse … from
Ⅰ. excuse … for “原谅某事”。如:
①&&&& He excused me for being late. 他原谅我迟到了。
②&&&& Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. 请原谅我没经你允许就用了你的电话。
Ⅱ. excuse … from “使免于……,允许不……”如:
①&&&& The teacher excused him from the examination. 教师同意他免试。
②&&&& The boy was excused from doing housework. 允许这男孩不做家务事。
§179 &&&&&& expect/ wait
Ⅰ.expect 是及物动词,作“期待,预料,指望”解,表“期待某人会来或某事会发生”的意思,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句。如:
①&&&& We expected you yesterday. 我们昨天就盼你来。
②&&&& We expect to meet you again next year. &&&&&& 我们期待明年再见到你。
▲&&&& expect 可引申为汉语的“等待”,多用于进行时态,主要指“期盼”的心理状态,其后不可接介词for. 如:
③&&&& Mr Brown was anxious. He was expecting you.布朗先生很焦急,他在等着你来呢?
Ⅱ. wait 是不及物动词,常常与for连用,主要指“等候”的具体行为。如:
①&&&& Xiao Hu is waiting to have a word with you. 小胡等着和你说几句话。
②&&&& I have a month to wait yet. 我还得等一个月。
③&&&& We are waiting for a bus. 我们在等公共汽车。
§180 &&&&&& family/ home/ house
&这三个词都可以作“家”讲。
Ⅰ.house指供一家人住的房子,侧重于具体的建筑物。如:
There are four rooms in the house.
Ⅱ.family指由父母、子女所组成的家庭,是集体名词,既可把它看成单数(指整体概念),以可视为复数名词(指家庭成员)。如:
①&&&& His family is a large one. 他的家是一个大家庭。
②&&&& My family are all watching TV. 我们家的人在看电视。
Ⅲ.home指一个人出生或居住的地方,具有抽象的含义。如:
Hise is home near the station. 他的家在火车站附近。
另外,home还可作副词。如:Let’s go home.
§181 &&&&&& faraway/ far away
Ⅰ.faraway指时间、距离、程度等,“遥远的”如:
the faraway guests 远方的客人
它还可表“心不在焉的”。如:
a faraway look 恍惚的神色
Ⅱ.far away是副词词组,只表距离远,在句中作状语还常作后置定语。如:
①&&&& He’s standing far away.
②&&&& He lived in a small village far away.
§182 &&&&&& farm / field
Ⅰ.farm是“农场”,它的范围大,包括田地、树木、家畜、家禽、房屋等,其前常用介词on。
Ⅱ.field是“田地”,或生长草木的原野,多用复数形式,但一块稻田可以说:a rice field,其前常用介词in。如:
①&&&& There several kinds of animals on the farm.
②&&&& They’re working in the rice field.
§1 83 &&&&& farmer/ peasant
Ⅰ.farmer指经营农庄的人。
Ⅱ.peasant包括雇农、小佃农或小耕农。在我国将农民都译为peasant。
§184 &&&&&& farther/ further
father, further都可以是far的比较级,意为“较远、更远”,但further除此之外,还有“更进一步,此外的”等意思,既可以作形容词,也可以作副词。如:
①&&&& They made further arrangement. 他们作了进一步的安排。
②&&&& I may be able to give you some further information about it. 关于这件事,我可以提供另外一些信息。
③&&&& She didn’t argue further about it. 她对此不再争论了。
§185 &&&&&& fast/ rapid/ swift/ quick
Ⅰ. fast “快”一般指物体的运动速度(speed)快,常用来形容交通工具跑得快,钟表走得快,人的动作快等。如:
①&&&& A car goes faster than a truck. 小汽车比卡车跑得快。
②&&&& How fast the horse runs! 这匹马跑得多快呀!
Ⅱ. quick 指较短的时间或较近的将来即可发生或完成某事,常用来形容动作敏捷、反应迅速。如:
①&&&& Come quick! 快来呀!
②&&&& Please give me a quick reply. 请迅速给我答复。
Ⅲ. rapid 表速度之快,往往可与fast通用,但它多指运动本身。如:
①&&&& The boy is making rapid &progress. 这孩子进步很快。
②&&&& Rapid speech is usually indistinct. 急促的语言往往不清晰。
③&&&& The current was rapid. 水流得很急。
Ⅳ. swift 表速度很快而又常指运动平稳而不费力。如:
①&&&& Eagles are swift in flight. 鹰飞得很快。
②&&&& The curent was very swift. 水流得很快。
§186 &&&&&& feed/ keep
Ⅰ. feed “喂养”,强调具体的动作,意为:“给……喂食、给……东西吃”常用句型为:feed sb. / sth.(on sth); feed sth. to sb./ sth. 给(人或动物)某物作为食物。如:
①&&&& Mr King has a large family to feed. 金先生要养活一大家人。
②&&&& What do you feedyour dog on?你用什么喂狗?
③&&&& Feed some stewed(炖的)apple to the baby. & 给婴儿多喂些炖苹果。
Ⅱ. keep “饲养”,指总体情况,不涉及具体动作。如:
①&&&& The old woman kept many dogs. 那位老太太养了许多狗。
§187 &&&&&& festival/ holiday/ red-letter day/ vacation
Ⅰ.festival“节日”其特点是同欢乐,如:外国的圣诞节,我国的春节等。
①&&&& Christmas and Easter are Church festival.圣诞节和复活节都是教会的节日。
②&&&& A number of new films were shown during the Spring Festival.
Ⅱ.red-letter day “纪念、节日、大喜日子”,指日历是用红字标明的日子,如:
There aare many red-letter day round the year.
Ⅲ.vacation通常指按规定停下工作或学习等活动而休息的一段时间,一般较长,如学校里的寒暑假。如:
The summer vacation is over. 暑假已经过去了。
§188 &&&&&& few/ a few/ little/ a little
few和a few 修饰可数名词,little 和a little 修饰不可数名词;few和little表否定意义,可受very修饰。a few 和a little表肯定意义,可受only修饰。如:
①&&&& Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous.
②&&&& This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.
③&&&& -------There is little water left in my glass.
-------Will you please give me some?
④& Don’t worry, we have a little time left.
§189 &&&&&& fairly /quite / rather
Ⅰ. fairly 多用于褒义,语气最弱,表“适度、尚可”等意思。
①&&&& It’s fairly wear a jacket. 外面颇冷,穿件外套。
②&&&& This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当浅易的书。
Ⅱ. Quite 与fairly 用法相似,但语气较强。如:
①&&&& It is quite wear a coat. 外面很冷,穿件外套。
②&&&& &You are not quite happy this morning. &&&&&& 你今天早上我太高兴。
Ⅲ. rather 多用于贬义。语气在这三个词中最强。如:
It is rather
wear a warm coat. 外面相当冷,穿件暖和人大衣。
§190 &&&&&& fight/ struggle/battle
Ⅰ.fight 意为“战斗”,指人与人,动物与动物,用武器或不用武器的战斗,也可以引伸其义,如:
They fought their enemies bravely. 他们勇敢斗敌。
Ⅱ.struggle意为“斗争”,指那些费力、很艰苦、时间长的斗争,如:
His life was a hard struggle with sickness. 他一生与疾病作了艰苦的斗争。
Ⅲ.battle“作战”,一般指有组织的武装部队之间的斗争。如:
They were wounded in battle. 他们都在战斗中受了伤。
作为名词时,fight和battle都有“战斗”的意思,有时可以通用。如:
The fight/battle lasted a long time. 这次战斗持续了很长时间。
1) fight的意义比较广泛,还可指人对自然界的斗争,有时也指人们之间的斗争。如:
We have starded a fight against pollution. 我们已开始了一场消除污染的斗争。
2) struggle相当于a hard fight(奋斗),如:
The slaves won their struggle for freedom. &&&&& 奴隶们为自由而进行的斗争胜利了。
§191 &&&&&& fill/ full
Ⅰ.fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如:
①&&&& The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。
②&&&& He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。
Ⅱ.full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of 结构中。如:
①&&&& The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。
②&&&& He drew in an old badsket full of sand.& 他捞上来一个灌满泥沙的旧蓝子。
[注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互换。但介词with与of 不能混淆。如:
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.
§192 &&&&&& final/ last
Ⅰ.final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味。如:
①&&&& Today is the final day of this term. &&&&& 今天是本学期的最后一天。
②&&&& We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我们将知道选举的最后结果。
Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了。如:
①&&&& My house stands in the last row.
②&&&& He was the last one to enter.
§193 &&&&&& finally/ at last/ in the end
这三个都可以作“最后”讲,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.finally表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,它居句首时较多。
Ⅱ.at last 表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用一般过去时。
Ⅲ.in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时或与 finally相互替换,但用于对将来的预测,则只能用in the end。如:
①&&&& Did the man in the shop understand him at last?
②&&&& Finally he went to see the famous man himself.
③&&&& I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
§194 &&&&&& famous as / famous for
Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某种身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人宾语往往与主语同位。如:
①&&&& She is famous as a poet. 他以一名诗人而著名。
②&&&& The town is famous as a car-making place. 该城镇以制造汽车而闻名。
Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征而出名,for后的宾语一般为主语人从属内容。如:
①&&&& China has been famous for its silk. 中国素以丝绸闻名。
②&&&& This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 该市因其大赌场而驰名。
§195 fix/ mend/ repair
Ⅰ. 这三个词都可译为“修理”,但fix 一词在美语中应用更广泛。fix 和repair 一样,都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性状或机能,如“修理、安装”钟表、收音机、照相机、电视机、汽车和机床等大型物体。repair 还可以用于修筑堤坝、道路和建筑等。如:
Ⅱ& mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。如:
§196foolish/ silly / stupid
Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。如:
①&&&& How foolish of you to condent! 你竟会同意,多么愚蠢啊!
②&&&& Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。
③&&&& He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。
Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了极点,以致令人发笑或轻视,它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。如:
①&&&& How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊!
②&&&& That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。
Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用,但其意味最强。如:
①&&&& He is a stupid person. 他是个蠢人。
②&&&& How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来,多么愚蠢呀!
§197for short/ short for
Ⅰ.for short意为“简称”、“缩写”,是介词词组,常用作状语,如:
① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老师要汤姆缩写课文。
Ⅱ.short for意为“是。。。 。。。的缩写”与be 动词连用,构成系表结构作谓语,如:
① “There’re” is short for “there are”.
§198 from now on/ from then on
&& from now on“从现在起”,是以现在为起点延续下去,谓语通常用将来时态。from then on“从那时起”,是以过去为起点延续下来,谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态。如:
①&&&& She is going to live with you from now on. 从现在起我将刻苦学习。
②&&&& From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 从那以后他再也没有看见他叔叔了。
§199 game/ match/ race/ sport
Ⅰ. game 主要指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均须遵守。如:
①&&&& After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他们在运动场上进行一场比赛之后,常常变成了好朋友。
[注]:说“比赛”, 在英国通常用match,在美国通常用game.另外game 的复数形式一般指大型的国际比赛或综合性体育运动会。如:the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会。
Ⅱ.match 表示相互间正式的体育比赛、球类比赛,英国人常用。
①&&&& They are going to have a volleyball match.&&& 他们将进行一场排球赛。
Ⅲ. race 主要用于赛跑、赛车等速度比赛。如:
①&&&& Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4?&& 谁能赢这场接力赛,三班还是四班?
Ⅳ. sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,跳高,游泳,钓鱼,打猎,赛马和拳术等。如:
①&&&& Swimming is his favourite sport.&&&&&&&&&& 游泳是他最喜欢的运动项目。
②&&&& Skating is one of the winter sports. &&&&& 滑冰是一个冬季运动项目。
[注]复数形式sports可指运动会。如:
③&&&& He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports.& 在我们学校的运动会上,他创造了跳高新纪录。
§200gift/ present
Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present往往与gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:
①&&&& I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。
②&&&& He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。
§201grow / keep / raise / plant
Ⅰ. grow & plant 都可表示“种植”如种植草、树、苗、花卉粮食等植物。grow 着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。
&& plant 着重指“种植”这一行为。某人plant a tree 之后,树是死是活,不一定管,但某人grow a tree 则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。如:
① The students are planting trees on the hill. && 学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用grow)
② The farmer grows wheat in this field.那位农民在这块田里种植小麦。(不用plant)
③& People grow bananas in Hainan. 海南种植香蕉。(不用plant)
Ⅱ. keep 表“赡养”后可接表人或动物的名词,不用来代替plant 或grow. 如:
①&&&& He has a wife and three children to keep. &&&& 他要养活妻子和三个孩子。
②&&&& My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。
③&&&& My uncle has a large family to keep. &&& 我叔叔要养活一大家人。
Ⅲ. raise 除表“饲养(动物)”以外,还可表示“教育(子女)”; “培育(植物)”。如:
①&&&& We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。
②&&&& My grandma raised a family of five. &&& 我祖母养育了五口之家。
③&&&& Where were you raised ? 你在哪儿长大?
④&&&& He raised some flowers in the back garden. 他在后园里种了一些花。
[注]:raise 强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。如:
① Let’s grow / raise some flowers in the garden.咱们在园子里种些花吧。
②&&&& We grow rice, wheat and cotton in my hometown.&&&&&& 在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise)
§202 &&&&&& glad/ happy/merry/ pleased
这组形容词都有:“高兴、快乐”之意。
Ⅰ.glad 多用在与人见面时的客套语中,指使人感到:情绪上有短暂的喜悦,常用作表语,一般情况下不作定语。如:
①&&&& I’m glad to help you with your English. &&&&& 我很高兴帮你学英语。
Ⅱ.happy指使人感到内心的满足、幸福和愉快,祝贺新年或庆贺生日时常用到它,可用作表语和定语。如:
①&&&& Happy New Year! 新年好!
②&&&& I’ll be happy to meet him. 我将高兴地与他见面。
Ⅲ.pleased 意为:“对……感到满意/高兴”常与be连用,后面接介词with(sb), at(sth) 等引起的短语,或不定式;pleased 通常不作定语。如:
①&&&& He is pleased with his new job. 他对他的新工作很满意。
②&&&& She was very much pleased at the news. 她听到这个消息非常满意。
[注意]:以下结构可互换:
Ⅳ.merry 除“高兴”之外,还有耳目可以感到的“热闹”,一般只作定语。如:
Merry Christmas!祝祝zzzzzhristmas"th your English.
§203 &&&&&& go / walk
Ⅰ. go 指朝着一定地点的方向运动。如:
①&&&& We go to school at seven in the morning.
②&&&& Please go downstairs to have lunch.
③&&&& 此外,go的主语还可以是动物、交通工具和机械等。如:
My watch goes fast.我的表走快了。
The train goes to Beijing. 火车开往北京。
Ⅱ. walk 指朝着一定地点或无目的地“走”,常译为“步行、散步”如:
①&&&& He often walks after supper. 饭后他经常散步。
②&&&& They are walking along the river. 他们正沿着河岸走。
③&&&& Let’s go out for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。
§204 &&&&&& go on with sth/ go on doing sth/
go on to do sth
Ⅰ. go on doing sth,“(停顿以后)继续做某事”;“不停地做某事”即做原来在做的事情。如:
①&&&& Now let’s go on writing. 我们继续往下写。
②&&&& It’s raining, but the farmers went on working( = kept on working) in the fields. &&&&& 天在下雨,然而农民們还在地里我停地干活。
Ⅱ. go on with sth 表示:“间断后做原来没有做完的事”后面跟名词,不能接动词-ing 形式。如:
①&&&& After a rest, they went on with the work. 休息以后,他们继续劳动。
Ⅲ. go on to do sth. 指“接着做另一件事”,即接下来做与原来不同人事情。如:
①&&&& That’s all for the text. Now let’s go on to learn the grammer. 课文就到这里,现在我们接着学语法。
②&&&& He went on to show us how to translate the sentence in a different way. 他接着教我们如何用另一种方法翻译这个句子。
§205 &&&&&& go to bed/ go to sleep/ sleep/ be(fall) asleep
Ⅰ. go to bed 指“就寝”, 只表示“上床去睡”这一动作,无“睡着”之意。是终止性动词。它的对应词 是get up “起床”
Ⅱ.in bed 表示一种状态,在句中常作表语,意为“躺在床上,睡着”。其中in不能用on 替换。
Ⅲ. go to sleep 与get to sleep 意义相近,也是终止性动词。即:“入睡、睡着”,强调进入梦乡的过程。“开始睡觉”,即:being to sleep.如:
①&&&& I don’t know when I went to sleep / got sleep last night. 我不知道我昨晚什么时候睡着的。
Ⅳ. fall asleep意为“睡着”表示一个动作的过程,侧重于“自然而然地入睡”,有时也含有“不想入睡而入睡”之意;be asleep“熟睡”,强调睡眠的状态,该短语在句中作谓语。
Ⅴ. sleep 可动词和名词,表“睡着”“睡眠”,是可持续性的动词。
Ⅵ. asleep 是表语形容词,不能作定语 如:
①&&&& The children are all asleep. 孩子们都睡着了。
②&&&& Are you asleep? 你睡着了吗?
§206 &&&&&& good/ fine/ nice/ well
Ⅰ. good 是含义最广的形容词,表“好的质量”,“好的品质”。等意思。如:
①&&&& Lucy is a good girl.
②&&&& These eggs are good ( 指鲜人品质)。
Ⅱ. fine 侧重于“质量的精细”, “身体健康”,还可以表示“天气晴朗”等。如:
①&&&& This is a fine house.
②&&&& How are you?&& I’m fine, thank you.
③&&&& It’s a fine day for walk. 这是一个散步的好天气。
Ⅲ. nice 指从外表上的“好看、漂亮”。取悦于人的感觉。也可指“(对人)友好和蔼”如:
①&&&& It’s a nice watch, but it’s not a good/fine one. 这块表看上去不错,但却不是一块好表。
②&&&& It’s very nice of you. 你真太好了。
③&&&& They are nice mooncakes. 这都是美味的月饼。
Ⅳ. well 是副词。表干/做得“好”,修饰动词。也可作表语,指身体好。如:
①&&&& Well done! 干得好!
②&&&& I’m well. 我好了。
§207 &&&&&& grow/ increase
Ⅰ.作不及物动词,两者有相同的含意“增长”。如:
①&&&& The population of the world is growing/increasing faster and faster. 世界人口增长越来越来快。
Ⅱ.grow还有“生长,发育”的意思。如:
①&&&& The rice is growing fine. 水稻长势不错。
Ⅲ.作及物动词,用法各异。
&& grow种植,栽&& 如:
①&&&& Wheat is grown in north of China. 中国北方种植小麦。
increase增加、增长&& 如:
①&&&& They are working hard to increase production. 他们正在努力工作以增加产量。
Ⅳ.increase可作名词,意为“增加、增长”。如:
①We are trying our vest to slow down the population increase in China. 在中国我们正在尽全力降低人口数量的增长。
§208 &&&&&& hand in/ turn in
Ⅰ. hand in &“传递、交给”。指交作业等。如:
The teacher told them to hand in their exercise-books. 老师要他们交作业本。
Ⅱ. turn in “上交、交出”。指将某物归公。或交给上级或组织以便找到失主。一般也可与hand in 互换。如:
①&&&& You should turn in the money. 你应该把那钱上缴。
②&&&& You should turn in / hand in your finished homework.你们应该把完成的作业交上来。
§209 &&&&&& hands up/ put up one's hand
Ⅰ. hands up 是一句祈使语气的口语,相当于Put up your arms over your head! “举起手来!”如:
① “Hands up, or I’ll shoot.” The policeman demanded the robber. “举起手来,不然我开枪了。”警察命令抢劫犯。
Ⅱ. put up one’s hand 意思与hands up 相同。但语气要弱得多。如:
①&&&& Who knows the answer? Hands up / Put up your hands, please. 谁知道这个答案?请举手。
②&&&& Put up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。
§210 &&&&&& happen/ take place/ occur
都有“发生”之意
Ⅰ. happen 是普通用语,应用广泛,指事情的发生有直接原因或带有偶然性。即:“(某人)发生了什么事——happen to sb”,或 “(某物)发生了什么情况——happen to sth”。其主语通常由 accident 或 类似it, what this , that , thing, something 等代词担任。还可表示“碰巧发生某事,——happen to do sth.”如:
①&&&&&&&&&& What has happened? 发生什么事了?&&&&&&–––&
②&&&&&&&&&& What happened to you? 你发生什么事了?
③&&&&&&&&&& It happened through your negligence. &这事的发生是由于你的疏忽。
④&&&&&&&&&& He happened to be working. 他恰好正在工作。
⑤&&&& &I think it’s because I happened to like English. 我想这是因为我碰巧喜欢英语。
Ⅱ. take place 常指经过安排的事,无偶然之意。其主语常是表:“运动、活动、会议等”的名词。如:
①&&&& The Olympic Games take place every four years. &&&&& 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。
②&&&& The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 五四运动发生于一九一九年。
③&&&& Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation. 解放来,我国发生了巨大的变化。
Ⅲ. occur[ә`kә:] 常与happen 通用。但,是较为正式的用语。指在一定的时间内发生一定的事情。
①&&&& When did the accident occur? 那事故是什么时候发生的?
②&&&& Don’t let the mistake occur again? 不要让这样的错误再次发生。
§211 &&&&&& hare/ rabbit
Ⅰ. hare “野兔”比rabbit大,不打洞栖身。如:
①&&&& That is a hare.& 那是只野兔。
Ⅱ. rabbit 指“野兔”时,比hare小,不打洞栖身。它也可指家兔。如
①&&&& I saw a rabbit hole. 我看到一个野兔洞。
②&&&& He came back with a couple of rabbits and a hare. 他带了一对家兔和一只野兔回来。
§212 &&&&&& harm/ hurt
Ⅰ. harm 与hurt 均有“伤害”之意,但二者有区别:
&& harm 用面较广,往往暗示“不良的后果”, 所指伤害往往是抽象、笼统的。
&& hurt 往往暗示“肉体上疼痛或精神上的不快”其宾语常常是身体上一部分的名词,所指的伤害是具体的。可见的。
① The nose of machines harmed their hearing.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
机器的噪声伤害了他们的听力。
② He hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒时伤了背。
§213 &&&&&& have been to / have been in / have gone to
Ⅰ. have been to … 表示:“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如:
①&&&& Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?(现在已回来)I have been to Beijing. 我去北京了。(现不在北京)
②&&&& I have never been there before, have I? &&&&& 我以前从未去过那儿,是吗?
Ⅱ. have been in 表示:“去了某地,并曾在那儿(一段时间),或现在仍在那儿。
①&&&& She has been in Shanghai for a few weeks.
Ⅲ. have gone to … 表示:“去了”指人已经走了,(至少目前不在说话的地点,在去的途中或已经到目的地)。如:
①&&&& Kate isn’t at home, She has gome to school. &&&&& 凯特不在家,她上学去了。(在路上或已经在学校了)。
②&&&& She isn’t here, she has gone to Nanjing. 她不在这儿,她去南京了。
§214 &&&&&& have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth) +prep
Ⅰ. have sth done “让某事被做”如:
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. & 明天我要去理发。(让别人理)。
Ⅱ. have sh done。“让某人被……”如:
He had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。(让别人打)
Ⅲ. have sb do sth. “让某人做某事”如:
I will have Uncle Wang repair my TV. &&&&&& 我要让王叔叔修理我的电视机。
Ⅳ. have sb./ sth. doing “让某人/ 某物处于某种状态。如:
①&&&& Don’t have the students studying all day. 别整天让学生們学习。
②&&&& They had the machine working all day and all night. 他们让这机器整日整夜地工作。
Ⅴ. have sb./ sth. +介词短语或副词,如:
①&&&& The teacher had her students in the classroom.老师让学生留在教室里。
②&&&& Have her here! 让她到这儿来。
§215 &&&&&& have to / must
Ⅰ. have to “必须”往往着重于客观的需要,含有不得不的意味。如:
①&&&& Do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看医生吗?
②&&&& It was late and we have to stay at home. 时间已晚,我们只得呆在家里。
Ⅱ. must “必须 ”往往着重于主观上认为有义务,有必要。如:
①&&&& We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。
②&&&& We must go. 我必须去。
§216 &&&&&& have/ own
Ⅰ. have “有”表人与物/人,物与物之间存在的“所有;所属”的关系。有时人不一定是物/人的主人。如:
①&&&& I have an English book here. 我这儿有一本英语书。
②&&&& Do you have any money with you? 你带有钱吗?
Ⅱ. own 用于较正式场合,强调“(合法地)拥有”某物的所有权,主语一定是该物的主人。如:
①&&&& I own a bike. 我有一辆自行车。
②&&&& Who owns the car? 这辆小汽车是谁的?
§217 &&&&&& head/ brains
Ⅰ. head 指外表看得见的,有形的“头”。如:
Don’t hit the boy on the head. 别打那孩子的头。
Ⅱ. brains 指抽象的,无形的“脑力、智力”。
[注]use one’s head 和 use one’s brains含义基本相同。brains 常作单数看。
§218 &&&&&& h

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