From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
is considered one of the most skilled diplomats of all time.
A diplomat is a person appointed by a
to conduct
with one or more other states or . The main functions of diplomats are: representation and protection of the interests and nationals
initiation and facilitation of
trea prom and friendly relations. Seasoned diplomats of international repute are used in international organisations (e.g. United Nations) as well as multinational companies for their experience in management and
skills. Diplomats are members of foreign services and diplomatic corps of various nations of the world.
Diplomats are the oldest form of any of the
institutions of the state, predating by centuries
and ministerial offices. They usually have .
The regular use of permanent diplomatic representation began between the states of fifteenth-century Italy. However the terms ‘diplomacy’ and ‘diplomat’ appeared in the French Revolution. Diplomat is derived from the Greek διπλωμ?τη? (diplōmátēs), the holder of a , referring to diplomats' documents of
from their sovereign.
Diplomats themselves and historians often refer to the foreign ministry by its address: the Ballhausplatz (Vienna), the Quai d’Orsay (Paris), the Wilhelmstrasse (Berlin); and Foggy Bottom (Washington). For imperial Russia to 1917 it was the Choristers’ Bridge (St Petersburg). The Italian ministry was called "the Consulta."
Though any person can be appointed by the state's national government to conduct said state's relations with other states or international organisations, a number of states maintain an institutionalised group of career diplomats—that is, public servants with a steady professional connection to the country's . The term career diplomat is used worldwide in opposition to political appointees (that is, people from any other professional backgrounds who may equally be designated by an official government to act as diplomats abroad). While officially posted to an embassy or delegation in a foreign country or accredited to an international organisation, both career diplomats and political appointees enjoy the same diplomatic immunities.
commonly act as diplomats on behalf of their nation, usually following instructions from their head of Government.
Whether being a career diplomat or a political appointee, every diplomat, while posted abroad, will be classified in one of the ranks of diplomats (secretary, counselor, minister, , , or ) as regulated by international law (namely, by the
Diplomats can be contrasted with
and , who represent their state in a number of administrative ways, but who don't have the diplomat's political functions.
Diplomats in posts collect and report information that could affect national interests, often with advice about how the home-country government should respond. Then, once any policy response has been decided in the home country's capital, posts bear major responsibility for implementing it. Diplomats have the job of conveying, in the most persuasive way possible, the views of the home government to the governments to which they are accredited and, in doing so, of trying to convince those governments to act in ways that suit home-country interests. In this way, diplomats are part of the beginning and the end of each loop in the continuous process through which
In general, it has become harder for diplomats to act autonomously. Diplomats have to seize secure communication systems, emails, and mobile telephones can be tracked down and instruct the most reclusive head of mission. The same technology in reverse gives diplomats the capacity for more immediate input about the policy-making processes in the home capital.
has transformed the contact between diplomats and the ministry. It is less likely to leak, and enables more personal contact than the formal , with its wide distribution and impersonal style.
This section does not
any . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (November 2015) ()
The home country will usually send instructions to a diplomatic post on what foreign policy goals to pursue, but decisions on tactics – who needs to be influenced, what will best persuade them, who are potential allies and adversaries, and how it can be done - are for the diplomats overseas to make.
In this operation, the intelligence, integrity, cultural understanding, and energy of individual diplomats become critical. If competent, they will have developed relationships grounded in trust and mutual understanding with influential members of the country in which they are accredited. They will have worked hard to understand the motives, thought patterns and
of the other side.
This section does not
any . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (November 2015) ()
The diplomat should be an excellent negotiator but, above all, a catalyst for peace and understanding between peoples. The diplomat's principal role is to foster peaceful relations between states. This role takes on heightened importance if war breaks out. Negotiation must necessarily continue – but within significantly altered contexts.
Most career diplomats have
in , , , or .
Diplomats have generally been considered members of an exclusive and prestigious profession. The public image of diplomats has been described as "a caricature of pinstriped men gliding their way around a never-ending global cocktail party". J. W. Burton has noted that "despite the absence of any specific professional training, diplomacy has a high professional status, due perhaps to a degree of secrecy and mystery that its practitioners self-consciously promote." The state supports the high status, privileges, and
of its diplomats in order to support its own international status and position.
The high regard for diplomats is also due to most countries' conspicuous selection of diplomats, with regard to their professionalism and ability to behave according to a certain , in order to effectively promote their interests. Also,
grants diplomats extensive privileges and , which further distinguishes the diplomat from the status of an ordinary citizen.
While posted overseas, there is a danger that diplomats may become disconnected from their own country and culture. Sir
acknowledged that diplomats can become "denationalised, internationalised and therefore dehydrated, an elegant empty husk".
Matthew S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy,
(1993), pp. 6.
David Stevenson, "The Diplomats" in Jay Winter, ed. The Cambridge History of the First World War: Volume II: The State (2014) vol 2 p 68.
. Archived from
. xinhuanet.com 2015.
Siddons, Andrew (1 August 2014). . The New York Times.
. International Magazine Kreol 2015.
. BBC News 2015.
. BBC News 2015.
. ABC News 2015.
. The Huffington Post 2015.
Stuart Seldowitz, "The Psychology of Diplomatic Conflict Resolution", in H. J. Langholtz and C. E.Stout, Eds. The Psychology of Diplomacy (Westport: Praeger, 2004), pp. 47–58.
Allan Gyngell and Michael Wesley, Making Australian Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 106.
J. W. Burton, Systems, States, Diplomacy and Rules (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), p. 206.
Harold Nicolson, The Evolution of Diplomacy (New York: Collier, 1962) at 107.
Black, Jeremy. A History of Diplomacy (U. of Chicago Press, 2010)  
Berridge, G. R. Diplomacy: Theory & Practice, 3rd edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke, 2005,  
Cunningham, George. Journey to Become a Diplomat: With a Guide to Careers in World Affairs FPA Global Vision Books 2005,  
Dorman, Shawn, ed. Inside a U.S. Embassy: How the Foreign Service Works for America by American Foreign Service Association, Second edition February 2003,  
Callieres, Francois De. The Practice of Diplomacy (1919).
Anderson, Matthew S. The Rise of Modern Diplomacy,
Nicolson, Sir Harold George. The Evolution of Diplomatic Method (1977)
Rana, Kishan S. and Jovan Kurbalija, eds. Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimizing Value DiploFoundation, 2007,  
Rana, Kishan S. The 21st Century Ambassador: Plenipotentiary to Chief Executive DiploFoundation,2004,  
. A Guide to Diplomatic Practice by Longmans, Green & Co. London & New York, 1917. A standard reference work used in many embassies across the world (though not British ones). Now in its fifth edition (1998)  
Stevenson, David. "The Diplomats" in Jay Winter, ed. The Cambridge History of the First World War: Volume II: The State (2014) vol 2 ch 3, pp 66-90.
(2013),  
Wicquefort, Abraham de. The Embassador and His Functions (2010)
Media related to
at Wikimedia Commons
: Hidden categories:diploma的词源_diploma的由来_同根词_同源词_来历_来源_源自_含义_优词词源[中文版]
（证书）：古罗马时期给蛮族雇佣军颁发的绿卡在古罗马时期，当一个蛮族雇佣军在罗马军队中服役25年（海军26年）后，即可获得罗马公民权利。为此，罗马政府将为其提供一个凭证，就像现在的美国绿卡一样。这个凭证就是所谓的Roman Military Diploma（罗马军事证书）。它由两片铜片构成，里面刻有持有人的相关信息，还有政府的烙印。铜片上留有小孔，可以用铜丝穿过小孔，把它们对折起来。 英语单词diploma来自古希腊文diploma，由diploun （对折）和oma（物品）构成，字面意思就是“可以对折的物品”，最早指的就是这种可以对折的铜片证书。拥有这种证书的蛮族人，可以在罗马帝国的道路和边境自由通行。后来，diploma的词义扩展，可以表示政府颁发的各种证书，如大学的文凭。
十八世纪，法国人开始称呼他们与外国打交道的官员为diplomat，也就是“持有diploma的人”。由diplomat一词还衍生出diplomatic（外交的）和diplomacy（外交）等词。 diploma：[d?'pl??m?] n.证书，文凭，公文 diplomat：['d?pl?maet] n.外交官，外交家 diplomacy：[d?'pl??m?s?] n.外交该词的英语词源请访问优词词源英文版： 词源， 含义。：文凭di-, 二。-pl, 折叠，词源fold. -oma, 名词后缀。即对折的官方文件，引申义文凭。：文凭，毕业证书今指“文凭”或“毕业证书”的diploma乃希腊语借词，该词在希腊语中的原义为letter folded double（对折的信件）或official document（公文）。另外，diplomat，diplomatic，diplomacy等亦均源于该词。diplomat原指持有diploma的政府官员，以后特指“外交官”；diplomatic起初表示“有关公文的”，随后表示“外交（上）的”，最后又由此引申出“有外交手腕的"或“老练的”一义；diplomacy别是英国政论家伯克(Edmund Burke，1729 - 1797)
1796年根据diplomat创造出来的一个词，用以表示“外交”或“外交手腕”。：学位证书，毕业文凭原义是"对折的纸",来源于希腊语diplous(双的,是英语double的"远亲"),经由拉丁语diploma进入英语。
同源词：diplomat, diplomatic英 [d?'pl??m?]
美 [d?'plom?]
n. 毕业证书，学位证书；公文，文书；奖状
vt. 发给…毕业文凭
文凭di-, 二。-pl, 折叠，词源fold. -oma, 名词后缀。即对折的官方文件，引申义文凭。
diploma: [17] Etymologically, a diploma is a ‘folded paper’. It comes via Latin diplōma from Greek díplōma; this was a derivative of the verb diploun ‘fold’, which in turn came from diplous ‘double’ (a distant cousin of English double). Since official letters tended to be folded over, díplōma eventually came to mean ‘document, especially one issued by the government’ – the sense in which the word was acquired by English.In the 17th and 18th centuries, the use of the derived Latin adjective diplōmaticus ‘relating to official documents’ with specific reference to the field of international relations led eventually to its French descendant, diplomatique, coming to mean ‘relating to international relations’. English acquired the word as diplomatic in the 18th century.=& 1640s, "state paper, official document," from Latin diploma, from Greek diploma "license, chart," originally "paper folded double," from diploun "to double, fold over," from diploos "double" (see ) + . Specific academic sense is 1680s in English.
1. a BTEC Higher National Diploma in Public Service Studies
BTEC公共服务科高等国家证书 来自《权威词典》 2. a two-year diploma course
二年制的文凭课程 来自《权威词典》 3. The course leads to a diploma in psychiatric nursing.
读完这门课程可以获得精神病护理文凭. 来自《简明英汉词典》 4. She won her diploma in only three years.
她仅用三年时间就取得了毕业文凭. 来自《简明英汉词典》 5. She worked hard to earn her music diploma.
她刻苦用功,以求获得音乐学位证书. 来自《简明英汉词典》
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以便我们及时发放福利！如果忘了，请通过微博私信或者网站底部的联系通道告知我们）Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
has an article on:
(díplōma, “folded paper, license”), from
(diplóō, “I double, fold over”), from
(diplóos, “double”).
() (): /d?'pl??m?/
Audio (UK)
issued by an
has earned a
“” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd Ed.; 1989]
in , G. & C. Merriam, 1913
in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
 n (plural ,
 n or  n)
(díplōma, “folded paper, license”).
(): ['diplom?]
Hyphenation: dip?lo?ma
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
nominative
accusative
instrumental
causal-final
translative
terminative
essive-formal
essive-modal
superessive
of diploma
single possession
multiple possessions
1st person sing.
2nd person sing.
3rd person sing.
1st person plural
2nd person plural
3rd person plural
. Tinta K?nyvkiadó, Budapest, 2005,
(díplōma).
 m (plural )
“” listed in Dizionario Etimologico Online
(díplōma, “folded paper, license”).
() (): /di:'plo:.ma/, [di:'p?o:.ma]
 n (genitive );
and Charles Short (1879) , Oxford:
in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
(1883), “”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
m (plural )
third-person singular ( and , also used with
and ) present indicative of
second-person singular (, sometimes used with ) affirmative imperative of
 f (Cyrillic spelling )
(education)
(education)
 m (plural )
: Hidden categories:Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: , , and
has an article on:
, a back-formation from
(“diplomatic”), ultimately from
(díplōma, “double-folded document”).
(): /'d?.pl?.maet/
A person, such as an , who is
officially in its
with other governments or international organisations
() Someone who uses
in dealing with other people
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at .
in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského,
in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, , 1989
(): /diploma:t/, [d?ip?'l?o'mae:?d?]
 c (singular definite , plural indefinite )
has an article on:
 m (definite singular , indefinite plural , definite plural )
in The Bokm?l Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
has an article on:
 m (definite singular , indefinite plural , definite plural )
in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
(): /diplǒmat/
Hyphenation: di?plo?mat
 m (Cyrillic spelling )
: Hidden categories: