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高中英语审核员
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年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲编写组
二〇一四年八月
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《2015 年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读》（以下简称
《解读》）是在《2014
年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读》
的基础上修订完成的，是与《2015
年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试
大纲》（以下简称《考纲》）配套使用的学业水平考试复习指导丛
书。《解读》面向全体高中学生，旨在帮助高中教师与学生理解
《考纲》，对高中教学加以积极的影响，减轻高中学生的学业负担，
推进高中新课程，促进高中学生的全面发展和素质教育的全面实施。
《解读》所要“解读”的不只是学业水平考试的内容和形式，
更重要的是要体现建立这一考试制度的目的和任务——回归基础教
育的本源，构建一个衡量高中教育教学质量，促进学生全面发展的
质量评价体系。因此，《解读》面向全体高中学生，特别注重各学
科学习方法指导，特别注重训练能力层级和难度的梯度分布。
《解读》大体上分为考试目标、知识清单、要点解读、达标练
习和综合测试等五个板块，各板块的内容依据《考纲》和高中教材
的必修学分模块编写。由于各学科特点的不同，编写体例也根据需
要做了些小调整。
像所有的新生事物一样，学业水平考试作为一种新的考试制度
也有一个逐步完善的过程，因此，欢迎来自各个方面，特别是高中
师生的建设性的意见。当然，《解读》也要听取大家的意见与建议，
才不会停下不断完善的脚步。
　　　　《2015
年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲》专家组
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2014
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School life ..............................................................................................1
Growing pains.......................................................................................9
Looking good, feeling good................................................................15
Tales of the unexplained ....................................................................20
Wish you were here............................................................................27
Amazing people ..................................................................................33
The world of our senses ......................................错误！未定义书签。
Language.............................................................错误！未定义书签。
Back to the past ..................................................错误！未定义书签。
Advertising..........................................................................................55
Sporting events ...................................................................................62
Tomorrow’s world .............................................................................66
Getting along with others ..................................................................69
The environment ................................................................................78
Science versus nature.........................................................................83
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试模拟试题
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School life
1. 检测与校园生活话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2. 检测定语从句
that, which, who, whom 和 whose 的用法。
3. 检测与校园生活话题有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1. 有乐趣的
_______________
2. 获得；赚，挣得
_______________
3. 致力于，献身
_______________
4. 一般的，普通的；平均的
_______________
5. 具有挑战性的
_______________
6. 额外的，外加的
_______________
_______________
_______________
9. 交流；交换
_______________
10. 经历，体验
_______________
11. 毕业；毕业生
_______________
_______________
13. 通知，告知
_______________
14. 批准，通过；赞成
_______________
15. 选择，挑选
_______________
（二）重点短语默写
_______________
2. 爱好，喜爱
_______________
3. 负责，掌管
_______________
4. 回顾，回忆
_______________
_______________
（一）词汇解读
1．experience n. [C] 经历，阅历
vi. & vt. 体验；经历
【基本构词】experienced adj.
【短语搭配】have experience in /of doing sth. 有做某事的经验
be experienced in
/at doing sth. 做某事有经验
experienced teachers 有经验的教师
【典型例句】I know from experience that he will arrive late. 我的经验告诉我，他会
2．devote vi. & vt. 将......奉献（给）；把......专用（于）
【短语搭配】devote …to…
把......献给；把......专用于
devote oneself to 致力于，
献身于；专心于
【典型例句】He devoted himself to writing.
他专心写作。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他把一生都献给了造福人类的事
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3．satisfaction n. 满意；满足
【基本构词】satisfy vt.
满足（欲望）；使满意
satisfying adj.令人满意的，令人
满足的（指事物本身的性质）satisfied adj.感到满意的
【短语搭配】with (great) satisfaction
（非常）满意地；（很）满足地
one’s satisfaction at / with… 对……表示满意
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
be satisfied + that-clause 确信……
【典型例句】I am very satisfied that the steps taken today are the right steps. 我确信
（我们）今天采取的措施是正确的。
4．charge n. 负责；掌管
vt. 使承担责任；收费
【短语搭配】in / under the charge of
由……负责
have / take charge of 照顾；管理，
in charge of 主管
free of charge 免费地
charge sb. for sth. 因某物收某人多少
【典型例句】Soon he will take charge of the department. 他很快会来负责管理这个
The ticket is free of charge. 这票是免费的。
5．preparation n. 准备，预备
【基本构词】prepare vi. & vt.
准备，预备
prepared adj. 准备好的
【短语搭配】make preparations for = prepare for 为……做准备
prepare sb. for sth. /
to do sth. 使某人为……做准备
prepare sb. sth.为某人准备某物
be prepared for
对……做好准备
be prepared to do sth. 愿意做某事，乐意做某事
prepare a meal /
one’s lesson 准备饭
【典型例句】The secretary has prepared the president a long report. 秘书已为董事长
准备好了一份长篇报告稿。
6．inform vt. 通知；告诉；报告
【基本构词】information n.
信息，资料；知识；情报；通知
informative adj. 教育性
的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的
【短语搭配】inform sb. of sth.
通知某人有关某事
keep...informed 随时向......报告情
【典型例句】How do I inform them of my arrival time? 我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间
（二）句型解读
Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China. 他一完成学业，就开始了中
【句型】On / Upon+sth. / doing
一……就……
【精讲】Upon / On arriving home, my mother started cooking. 妈妈一到家就烧饭。
Upon / On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.
【拓展】On / Upon + sth. / doing 一……就……。可用
as soon as, the moment,
immediately 等引导的时间状语从句来替换。例如：As soon as / The moment /
Immediately he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.
（三）语法解读
★定语从句——关系代词
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
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Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
4．that 指人时，相当于
whom；指物时，相当于
which。在定语从句中作
主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示所属关系。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名
的科学家。
（一）单项选择
1. I think this is all ________ the girl student wants to tell you about her school life.
2. The music ________ is played by the school radio club is very popular with everyone.
3. Many Chinese ________ have been to the UK share the same experiences.
4. The library ________ books are various opens every afternoon except Sunday.
5. Mr Owen,
________ we will invite to our meeting, is a visiting professor from the USA.
（二）双向翻译
请根据上下文内容，将文章中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Former student returns from China
David Holmes studied at our school from 2001 to 2004. He was one of the most helpful
students that we ever had. In 2004, he went to Oxford University where (1) 他对中国文化产
After graduating from university, David went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language
and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak fluent Chinese. Upon finishing
his studies, (2) David started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China which he likes
most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China he developed an interest in
teaching English to Chinese students, most of whom have become his friends.
(3) 两个月前，大卫返回到了英国.
He brought back from China many interesting books,
paintings and photos. He donated most of them to our school library. The paintings are being
shown in the exhibition room.
Next month we will have our school open day. (4) We have invited David to be our guest
speaker. (5) He will give us a talk about his experiences in China. At the end of his speech,
there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers. So come and meet David at the open day.
1．____________________________________________________________________
2．____________________________________________________________________
3．____________________________________________________________________
4．____________________________________________________________________
5．____________________________________________________________________
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Growing pains
1. 检测与青少年成长话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2. 检测定语从句介词＋which,
介词＋whom, when, where
和 why 的用法。
3. 检测与青少年成长话题有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1. 窗帘；幕布
______________
2. 受惊的；害怕的
______________
3. 挨饿；饿死；使挨饿
vt. & vi. ______________
______________
______________
6. 容忍；允许
______________
7. 行为；举止
______________
8. 值得；应得
______________
9. 使不高兴；不高兴的
vt. & adj. ______________
10. 粗鲁的，无礼的
______________
11. 苦干的，勤奋的
______________
12. 争吵，辩论；论点
______________
13. 愚蠢的
______________
______________
15. 平衡；抵消
______________
（二）重点短语默写
1. 迫不及待地做某事
______________
2. 应该……，应当……
______________
3. 对……苛刻，对……严厉
______________
______________
______________
6. 混淆，弄乱
______________
7. 好像，似乎
______________
8. 坚持，坚持认为
______________
______________
10. 与……一起
______________
（一）词汇解读
1．frighten vi. & vt. （使）惊吓,（使）惊恐
【基本构词】frightening adj.
令人惊恐的
/ 恐怖的（常用来说明事物的特征）
frightened adj. 恐惧的，害怕的，受惊的（常用来说明人的心理状态）。
类似性质的单词还有: worried / worrying, pleased / pleasing, excited / exciting,
encouraged / encouraging, interested / interesting, satisfied / satisfying, bored / boring, scared
/ scaring, surprised / surprising, frustrated / frustrating 等。
【典型例句】The film is very frightening.
这部影片非常恐怖。
The frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受惊的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。
2．deserve vt. 应得，值得，应受
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【基本用法】deserve +名词
deserve + to do（主动意义）
deserve + to be
done（被动意义）
deserve +动名词（主动形式表被动意义）
【典型例句】You’re very talented. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，应该有一
份更好的工作。
He, being so rude, deserves criticizing. 他不礼貌，应当受到批评。
3．insist vi. & vt. 坚持说；坚决主张，坚持要求
【基本用法】insist on / upon (doing) sth. 坚持做某事
if you insist 如果你一定要坚
持的话（常用于口语中，表示勉强同意）
【典型例句】She insisted that he was wrong.
她坚持认为他错了。
（表示“坚持说，坚决认为”时，接
that 从句，从句的动作多为已发生之事，用
陈述语气。）
【典型例句】He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他坚持要我们接受这些
（表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”时，接
that 从句，从句的动作为将要发生之事，
用虚拟语气，即：主语+（should）+动词原形。）
4．forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止；妨碍，阻止
【基本用法】 forbid sb. to do sth. = forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
forbid doing 禁止做某事
【典型例句】The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
（二）句型解读
But, but…you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow! 但，但是……你们应
该明天才到家的呀！
【句型】be supposed to
【精讲】（1）表示按照义务、规则、规律或约定“理应，应该”；（2）可以理
解为“被认为，被看作是”。
【典型例句】 He is supposed to arrive before six o’clock. 他应该六点之前到。
（三）语法解读
★定语从句中的关系词
1. 关系副词
where, when 和 why，在定语从句中作状语。
The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.（where 在从句中作地点状
语，相当于
in the mountain，从句修饰
the mountain）那座有火山的山离这儿不远。
The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.（when 在从句中
作时间状语，相当于
in the days，构成从句修饰
the days）人们满足于简单生活的日子
一去不复返了。
He gave us no reason why he took the job.（why 在从句中作原因状语，相当于
the reason，构成从句修饰
reason）他没有告诉我们他做这份工作的理由。
+ 关系代词
which / whom
当定语从句中的关系代词作介词的宾语时，可以将介词提到关系代词前，以强调
介词和关系代词的介宾关系，介词+ which / whom
在从句中作状语或定语。有些情况
下，介词+ which
where / when / why。例如：
The man with whom you talked is an expert on earthquake.（with whom 在从句中作状
语，修饰谓语动词
talked）和你说话的人是一位地震专家。
（一）单项选择
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1. Spring is the season ______ people grow most crops and plant trees.
A. for which
D. on which
2. American English, ______ there are more borrowed words, seems simpler in spelling.
A. at which
D. in which
3. I know the way to the shop ______ my father bought me this bicycle.
4. This is the hotel ______ we are planning to stay during our travel in Hong Kong.
A. at which
B. on which
C. from which
D. to which
5. Nowadays there are some good reasons ______ young people prefer shopping online.
（二）完形填空
阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的Ａ、B、C、
D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Mom and Dad went out for vacation. They had left Daniel, the
of the two boys, in
charge. They thought the boys could get on quite well with everything at home while they
were away. All went on well,
Spot, their dog, fell ill.
Mom and Dad came back home one day earlier than
. They were very angry when they
found garbage all over the room and Spot was starving. Mom wanted to know
children handled the money, which they were
to use for dog food. Dad thought Daniel
had failed to act like an adult, and he wouldn’t like to listen to Daniel’s
. Instead, he
shouted at him. He even felt like teaching Daniel a lesson because of his
behaviour.
Daniel ran into his bedroom. He thought he was just a teenager and it wasn’t his
was because Spot was sick and they had to take him to the clinic. They used the money and
spent the whole day there, so they had no time to clean the
Mom soon realized they might be too hard on Daniel. She
Dad go and ask what had
happened while they were on vacation.
1. A. heavier
C. shorter
D. thinner
3. A. expected
4. A. what
5. A. supposed
B. forbidden
C. doubted
6. A. song
B. promise
D. explanation
7. A. good
8. A. idea
C. decision
9. A. clinic
10. A. wished
B. ordered
C. suggested
D. believed
Looking good, feeling good
1. 检测与健康话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2. 检测非限定性定语从句和反意疑问句的用法。
3. 检测与健康话题有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
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1. 体形；数字；人物
______________
2. 惭愧的，羞愧的
______________
3. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
______________
4. 恢复；重新获得
______________
5. 损害；伤害
______________
6. 有吸引力的，有魅力的
______________
______________
______________
9. 影响；（病毒）感染
______________
10. 器材；设备
______________
______________
______________
13. 尴尬的，难为情的
______________
14. 身体，（器官）系统；制度
______________
15. 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注
vt. & vi. ______________
（二）重点短语默写
______________
______________
3.（头发等）脱落
______________
4. 强身健体
______________
5. 充分利用
______________
6. 从长远角度看
______________
______________
（一）词汇解读
1．contain vi. & vt. 包含，包括；能容纳
【基本构词】container n.
【词语辨析】include
contain 的用法比较
▲include: 指在整体中能明确界定的几个部分，某整体包含或容纳某一部分。
【典型例句】The health club includes a gym, a swimming pool, and a locker room.
健身俱乐部包括体操房，游泳池和更衣室。
▲contain：指容器、空间里所有东西，侧重所含的量与成分。
【典型例句】The bowl contains a variety of fruits. 碗里装有各种水果。
注：include
including＋名词／代词或名词／代词＋included
的形式来举例，
解释或补充说明。
【典型例句】Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, including my
= Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, my mother included. 许多妇女，
包括我妈妈在内，在等着买那种布料。
2．prefer vt. 更喜欢
【基本构词】preference n.
偏爱，倾向；优先权
【短语搭配】prefer sth. / doing sth.宁愿，更喜欢
prefer sb. to do 愿意某人做
to do 愿意做
prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做……而不
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【典型例句】I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧
闹的城市。
She has always preferred making her own clothes to buying them in the shops. 她向来喜欢
自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服。
3．count vi. 认为，算作；重要
【短语搭配】count in
把……计算在内；包括在内；把……考虑在内；包括
count as 视为；算是；看成
count on 依靠
count out 点数；不把……算在内
【典型例句】They are counting the books they collected. 他们正在数收集来的书。
In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing. 就运动而言，重要的不
是赢而是参与。
4．damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害
【短语搭配】do damage to
对……造成损害
【典型例句】The heavy rain didn’t do much damage to the crops. 这次暴风雨没有对
农作物造成很大的损失。
【词语辨析】damage, destroy, ruin
1) damage 指“损坏”，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的。
例如：Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness. 由于长期生病，她的
心脏受到了轻度损伤。
2) destroy 意为“破坏，摧毁；消灭，毁灭”，指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复
之意。例如：The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 这座房子被大火烧光了。
3) ruin 意为“破坏；使毁灭；破产”，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
【典型例句】The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
（二）句型解读
However, your mother knows the best: nothing is more important than health. 但是，你
妈妈她最清楚不过：没有什么比健康更重要。
【句型】nothing（或
no +名词）+动词（常用
be）+比较级+than……
【精讲】此句型意为“没有比……更”。这是用否定词与比较级形式一起表最高
级意义的句型。
1) Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重
的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。
2) No place is better than one’s home. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。
（三）语法解读
★定语从句——定语从句的分类
（1）限定性定语从句：起着界定先行词的身份、而不至与同类人或事物混淆的作
用，一般不用逗号将它与主句隔开。
The one of my brothers who is in the army now used to be an art student. 我的一个在当
兵的兄弟学过艺术。（定语从句界定
one of my brothers 的身份：有多个兄弟，这里指
的是当兵的兄弟）
The travellers who had already been informed of the flood stopped their journey.
那些已经获悉洪灾的路人暂停了行程。（只有获悉洪灾的路人才终止了行程，没
有获悉洪灾的路人并没有暂停其行程。）
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（2）非限定性定语从句：不起界定先行词身份的作用，因为先行词身份已经为读
者或听话人所明确而不会混淆（要么由于同类只有其一个，或者上下文已经让读者或
听话人明确其身份），而是起着给先行词增加信息的作用。一般要用逗号和主句隔开。
that 引导非限定性定语从句。
My brother, who is in the army now, used to be an artist. 我兄弟学过艺术，他现在当
兵。（只有一个兄弟）
The travellers, who had already been informed of the flood, stopped their journey.
由于路人们已经获悉了洪灾，他们都暂停了行程。（所有的路人们都终止了其行
程，用从句顺便说明一下其原因）
★反意疑问句，亦可称之为附加疑问句
疑问句部分用降调表示说话人期待对方同意自己的想法或看法，有时甚至相当
于感叹句的作用；用升调则表示说话人对没有把握的事情进行询问。
构成反意疑问句的基本法则：
（1）陈述句是肯定句时，简短的疑问句必须是否定形式；陈述句是否定句时，简
短的疑问句必须是肯定形式。同时，简短的疑问句的人称代词和时态要与主句保持一
致。例如：
Daniel and Eric are very smart boys, aren’t they? 丹尼尔和埃里克是非常聪明的孩子，
You don’t feel so energetic, do you? 你感觉精力不那么充沛，是不是？
Jenny found it great fun to study Chinese, didn’t she? 珍妮发觉学中文挺有趣，是不
（2）当主句有否定代词（如：nothing, no one, nobody, few, little, neither, none
或者有否定副词（如：never, hardly, seldom
等）时，通常被视为否定句，所以简短的
疑问句必须是肯定形式。但是，如果句中有通过加前缀或后缀变成含有否定意思的词
（如：disagree
不同意, careless 粗心的, untidy
不整齐的, impossible
不可能的），则此
句不能视为否定句。例如：
Few of the students can swim, can they? 没有几个学生会游泳，是吗？
It is impossible for humans to climb that high, isn’t it? 人类不可能爬那么高，是不是？
（3）当主句是祈使句时，简短的疑问句常用
will you；不过，如果主句是
头的话，那么简短的疑问句就用
shall we。例如：
Remember me to your parents, will you? 代我向你父母表示问候，好吗？
Don’t be late for school next time, will you? 下次上学别迟到了，好吗？
Let’s keep in touch with each other in future, shall we? 我们今后相互保持联系，好吗？
（一）单项选择
1. Henry drove his car carelessly, ______ caused a traffic accident.
2. Carol, ______ came to China last year, is able to speak fluent Chinese.
3. My friend took me to the West Lake, ______ we took some fantastic pictures.
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4. Jack and Rose are married now, ______?
A. are they
B. do they
C. aren’t they
D. don’t they
5. Nobody has advised you not to go on a diet, ______?
A. haven’t you
B. have they
C. haven’t they
D. have you
（二）书面表达
假如你是王林，你的的朋友李华想要加入健身俱乐部。请根据下面
一则广告提供的信息给他写一封电子邮件，向他推荐。信的开头与结尾已经给出。
注意：行文连贯，涵盖要点，适当发挥。词数
100 左右。
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I’ve just read an ad about such a gym and recommend it to you.
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Tales of the unexplained
1．检测与宇宙空间有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2．检测现在完成时和现在完成进行时的运用。
3．检测与宇宙空间有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
2. 假定，认为
_______________
3. 故事，传说
_______________
4. 无法解释的，神秘的
_______________
_______________
6. 力量，力气
_______________
7. 令人惊奇（惊叹）的
_______________
8. 调查问卷
_______________
_______________
10. 组织，筹备，安排，处理
_______________
11. 生存；挺过（难关）vt. & vi.
_______________
12. 热情的，满腔热诚的
_______________
13. 攻击，进攻
vt. & vi. & n.
_______________
14. 使确信，使相信
_______________
15. 足迹，踪迹
_______________
（二）重点短语默写
1. 加紧，加强，促进
_______________
_______________
3. 负责，掌管
_______________
4. 由于，因为
_______________
5. 前往，到……去
_______________
6. 编造，杜撰；构成
_______________
7. 出现，现身
_______________
_______________
9. 许多，很多
_______________
（1）词汇解读
1. puzzled a. 迷惑的，困惑的
【基本构词】puzzle vi. & vt. (使)迷惑不解，(使)为难；n. [C]难题,
（字、画）谜；
puzzling a. 令人迷惑的，令人困惑的
【短语搭配】puzzle over / about
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解
【典型例句】I'm puzzled about this situation. 我对这种情况感到迷惑。
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My sister puzzles me and causes me anxiety. 我的妹妹常会让我不解，使我焦虑。
His letter raised a few puzzling questions. 他的信中提出了几个令人迷惑不解的问题。
I’ve been sitting here puzzling over what to do. 我一直坐在这里苦思着要做什么事。
The computer is a puzzle to me. 我不懂电脑。
2. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在（无被动语态）
【基本构词】occurrence n.
出现，发生
【短语搭配】occur to sb.
某人突然想到……
【典型例句】Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. 这一地区经常发生地震。
Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有？
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
3. belong vi. 属于，应归入；应被放置（无被动语态，无进行时态）
【短语搭配】belong to
【典型例句】The house belongs to my grandfather. 这房子是我祖父的。
The book belongs on that shelf. 这本书应放在那个架子上。
4. survive vi. & vt. 生存；挺过难关
【基本构词】survival n.
幸存；survivor n. 幸存者
【基本用法】
1）在......之后仍然生存，从......中逃生
2）比......活得长
不及物动词
vi. 活下来，幸存；残留
【典型句例】
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
She survived her husband by twenty years. 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后极少有人生还。
（二）句型解读
The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal ...据说野人是很大、毛很厚的动物……
【句型】sb. / sth. be said / thought / reported / believed to do = It be said / thought / reported
/ believed / supposed that sb. / sth. …据说 / 据认为 / 据报道 / 据信某人、某物……
He is said to work for a big company. = It’s said that he works for a big company. 据说他给
一个大公司打工。
（三）语法解读
★现在完成时态：
主动形式：肯定式
have / has（第三人称单数）+
动词的过去分词
被动形式：肯定式
have / has been + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时态是一种表示和现在有关的时态，用法如下：
（1）已完成用法：表示发生在过去的动作行为对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法多
用于瞬间性动词。它不关注此动作过去发生的细节（时间、地点、方式、环境等），而是
现在的情况，因此不能与具体的过去时间状语（yesterday, last week, ago, then, at that
moment, in the past 等）连用，但可以和以下时间状语连用：
① 模糊的过去时间，它们和现在结果有关。如：just（刚刚已经）, already, yet,
recently 和 lately。
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Have you eaten yet? (= Are you hungry?) 你吃过了吗 ?
He’s just turned off the light. (= The light is off now.) 他刚把灯关了。
表示说话时还未结束的时段，如：now, this morning / afternoon, tonight, today, since
+ 过去时间点, so far
等。但如果
this morning / afternoon / evening 表示说话时已经过去，就
不能用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。
Has he come this morning? （到现在为止的早晨这段时间）今天早上他来了没有？
I’ve had many falls since I began to ride a bike. 自从我开始骑车到现在已经摔过很多次了。
（现在结果：我还在骑车。）
（2）未完成用法：过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续，也可
能刚刚结束。
要用持续性动词，但否定句可以用瞬间性动词。
要用表示持续到现在的时间段状语，如：for +
时间段（有时不表示持续到现在的
时间段，则不能用现在完成时），since +
过去时间点，so far，until / till now，up to now，
during / for / in / over + the past / last / recent + 时间段。
Where have you been? Ｉhave waited here since 8 a.m.（wait 动作刚刚结束。）你去哪了？
8:00 起就一直在这里等。
Look at the busy cleaners! They’ve worked in the wind for quite a few hours.（work 动作还
要延续）你看那些忙碌的清洁工！他们在风中工作几个小时了。
I’ve taught English in this school for / during / in / over the past / last / recent 10
years.（teach 动作还要延续或者刚刚结束）近十年来我一直在这个学校教英语。
★现在完成进行时态：
1. 形式：主动形式
have / has been doing；无被动形式。
2. 意义：过去某时开始一直持续或反复到现在的动作或状态，可能还要继续下去，也
可能刚刚结束。意义和现在完成时态的未完成用法相似，但不可和延续到现在的时间段短
语连用。注意以下三种情况：
（1）很多持续性动词用于现在完成时和现在完成进行时时，含义一样，都表示不停的
持续到现在（一种“实线式”持续），如
expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，
sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work
等。但持续动词中的状态
动词不能用于进行时态和完成进行时态，如
be，have（拥有），own，belong to，know，
understand，believe，love，like，concern（关系到）等，所以这些动词只能用于现在完成
时表示持续到现在。
I’ve had this for years. 不能说：I’ve been having this for years.
She’s always believed in God. 不能说：She’s always been believing in God.
但可以说：I’ve been waiting (since 9 a.m.) = I’ve waited since…
（2）瞬间性动词用于现在完成进行时，表示“虚线式”持续含义，即一次一次地反复
发生到现在。而它们用于现在完成时则表示过去的一次性动作对现在造成的影响或者到现
在做了好多次或好多量了。
He’s been jumping onto and off the table (for half an hour). 他从桌子跳上又跳下的（一直
跳了半个小时了）。但：He’s jumped onto the table.
他已经跳上了桌子（现在的结果是：
他在桌子上）。
He’s jumped onto the table many times. 他已经跳上桌子很多次了。
（3）还有些动词在现在完成时中是瞬间含义，在现在完成进行时中是延续含义，如：
do, read, write, paint, build 等。
She’s been painting the wall. 她一直刷墙来着。
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She’s painted the wall. 她已经刷了那面墙。
1. — Do you know our town at all?
— No, this is the first time I
B. have been
D. am coming
2. I wonder why Janet
to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written
B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write
D. hadn’t written
3. The number of tall buildings _____ greatly in Changsha in the last few years.
A. is increasing
B. has increased
C. are increasing D. have increased
articles for a local newspaper these three years, and he has written about fifty
A. is writing
C. has been writing
D. will write
friends since they met in Shanghai.
B. have been
C. had been
Wish you were here
1．检测与旅游冒险有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2．检测将来进行时和过去将来时的运用。
3．检测与旅游冒险有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
3. 野生动物，野生生物
4. 不舒服的
5. 日出，朝霞
6. 探索，勘探
7. 周围的，附近的
8. 出版，发表
9. 无限的，无休止的
11. 漫游，游荡；徘徊
12. 尘土飞扬的，满是灰尘的
13. 美；美好的人或物
14. 和谐，协调，融洽
15. 冒险，冒险经历
（二）重点短语默写
1. 提前，预先
2. 旅游景点
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3. 以防万一
（一）词汇解读
1. arrange vt. 安排；排列；整理
vi. 安排；排列；协商
【基本构词
arrangement n. 布置；整理；准备
【短语搭配】arrange for
安排，派遣
【典型例句】
She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon. 她安排了一个星期五下午的约会。
I've arranged to see him on Friday morning. 我已经安排了星期五早上见他。
I will arrange for someone to take you around. 我会安排好人领你转转。
2. scare vt. 使恐惧，惊吓
n. 恐慌，恐惧；惊吓，惊恐
【基本构词】scared adj.
害怕的，恐惧的，担心的
【短语搭配】scare sb. away / off
把……吓跑
be scared to death 吓得要死
scared of sb. / sth. 害怕某人某事
be scared of doing sth. / be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
be scared that …害怕，恐惧，担心……
【典型例句】He’s scared of heights.
他有恐高症。They managed to scare the bears
away. 他们设法把熊吓跑了。
3. supply v. & n. 供给，供应
【基本用法】supply sth. to / for sb., supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
gas / water, etc. 用在公用事业上面的居多，着重表示替换或补足所需之物、满足要求的
意思；还可作名词，意为“供给（量），物资，存货”。provide sb. with sth. / provide
sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
【典型例句】We have a good supply of water here.
我们这儿水的供应很充足。
The school supplies books to / for the children. 学校为孩子们提供书本。
She provided her father with all the food and money he wanted. 她给她父亲提供他所
需要的食物和钱。
The young man offered the old man his own seat. 那位年轻人主动将自己的座位让给
了老大爷。
4. view n. 看法，见解；风景，景色;
视野；vi. & vt.
查看,观看；看待
【短语搭配】in view
在视野范围内
come into view 进入视野
in one’s view 在
in view of sth. 鉴于某事物；考虑到某事物
【典型例句】The view from the top of the hill was good. 从山顶上看风景很美。
In my view, he should never have been offered the job in the first place. 在我看来，原
先压根儿就不该给他这份工作。
She viewed the whole thing as a joke. 她把这整个事情看成一个笑话。
（二）句型解读
You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just in case you fall into the
water. 作为保护措施，你得戴上头盔，穿上救生衣，以防万一掉进水里。
【句型】in case
以免，以防万一，常用来引导状语从句。从句里用
should do 或一
般现在时表将来。
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in case of 以防…...，万一发生…...
in any case 在任何情况下；无论如何
in this / that case 如果这样 / 那样的话
【典型例句】In case anything important happens, please call me up. 万一有什么重要
的事，请打电话给我。
In case of fire, call 119. 万一起火了，拨打
In no case should you give up. 你决不能放弃。（注意句子使用部分倒装）
（三）语法解读
★过去将来时
1. 形式：1) would / should do
2) was / were going to do
3) was / were doing
was / were to do
5) was / were ( just ) about to do
2. 意义：5
种过去将来时的形式与
5 种一般将来时的表达法意义相对应，表示过
去将来要发生的事情。
注意：were / was to do 还可以表示“过去没想到会发生的事情”，所谓“过去命
中注定的事”。
The two young men joined in the cycling race, who were to be killed in a road accident.
这两个年轻人参加了自行车赛，没想到竟然出了交通事故丢了命。
I lost my wallet, not knowing it was never to be found again. 我丢了钱包，没想到以
后再也没找到了。
★将来进行时
1. 形式：will be doing
2. 意义：（1）表示在将来某一时间点或某一时间段会正在发生的事情。
What will you be doing at 8 a.m. tomorrow morning? 明天早上 8 点钟你会在干什么？
（2）纯粹客观地谈将来会发生的事情。不含主观的意图。如：
I’ll be seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我会见到
Tom.（意指“我们会参加同一个会议或
我们在一个办公室上班，所以会发生明天我见到汤姆的客观事情”。）
（一）单项选择
1. On television last night the news said that the leader
on Saturday.
A. is arriving
B. will arrive
C. would be arrived
D. would arrive
2.— Excuse me, could you have a talk with me?
— Sorry, I ______ at a meeting in a few minutes.
A. am speaking
B. will have spoken
C. have spoken
D. will be speaking
3. — Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
, but I had an unexpected visitor.
C. was going to
4. This morning Alice
the door opened and in came some strangers.
5. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he
office soon.
B. would leave
D. had left
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请根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Thank you very much for your letter. （1）你的旅行听起来令人兴奋! I can’t wait to hear
what Africa is like.
Since my last letter to you, I have had a little adventure of my own. Early this month, my
mother and I took a flight to Dunhuang, in the north-west of China. （2）The desert out there
was really quite amazing — I had never seen so much sand in my life! While we were there,
we arranged with a tour company to ride camels. I was very excited because this was the first
time I had seen one up close. We had hoped that （3）we would get to see some other
wildlife on our trip, but sadly we didn’t.
Since you are going to the Sahara, I have some advice — be sure to bring a large hat and a
shirt with long sleeves — （4）you’ll need these for protection. The sun can be so brilliant
that you’ll need to keep covered or you’ll get burnt — my cheeks were red for days after my
trip. And another thing, you’ll need to keep a good supply of water with you, since it is so dry
I’m sure you’ll have a nice trip. （5）我们盼望收到你的明信片!
Best wishes
1．________________________________________________________________________
2．________________________________________________________________________
3．________________________________________________________________________
4．________________________________________________________________________
5．________________________________________________________________________
Amazing people
1．检测与人物描写有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2．检测过去完成时的运用。
3．检测与人物描写有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1. 探险家；勘探者
4. 航行；（尤指）航海，航天
5. 不久，很快
7. 爱交际的；有好的；外向的
9. 各种各样的
10. 保存，保护，保持
11. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞
12. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的
13. 品质，质量
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14. 稀有的，罕见的
15. 数据，资料
（二）重点短语默写
1.（偶然）遇见，发现
2. 导致，结果是……
4. 掌管，控制（某物）
（一）词汇解读
1．curious a. 好奇的，求知欲强的
【基本构词】curiously ad.
好奇地；curiosity n.
好奇；好奇心
【短语搭配】be curious about
对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇想做某事
arouse / excite one’s curiosity 引起某人的好奇心
【典型例句】Children are naturally curious about everything around them. 小孩子会
自然地对周围每一件事感到好奇。
I’m curious to know what they are talking about. 我很想知道他们在谈论什么。
2．result n. 结果，效果
vi. & vt. 结果，导致
【短语搭配】result in...
造成某种结果，导致
result from... 由于......而造成，起因
as a result 因此
as a result of... 因为……
without result (= in vain) 徒劳，毫
【典型例句】The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. 车祸导致两名乘客
Many hair problems result from what you eat. 很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。
All singers kept together. As a result, their performance was successful.
所有的歌手协调一致，结果他们的演出非常成功。
3．discourage vt. 使灰心，使气馁；劝阻，阻止
【基本构词】discouragement n.
泄气，灰心；劝阻，阻止
discouraged adj. 气馁
discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的
discouragingly adv. 使人气馁地，使
人沮丧地；阻止地
【短语搭配】discourage sb. from doing sth.
打消某人做某事的念头，阻止某人做某
【典型例句】I was discouraged at the news.
听到这个消息时我感到很沮丧。
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor. 他的父母试图阻止他去当演
4．apply vt. & vi. 申请；涂，敷；应用
【基本构词】application n.
申请，申请表；应用；敷用
applicable adj. 可适用的，
可应用的；（药物）可敷用的
applicant n. 申请人
【短语搭配】apply to sth.
适用于，应用于……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply for sth. 申请得到......
apply to sb. / sth. for sth. 向……申请……
apply sth. to sth.
把……应用在……；把……涂抹
/ 敷上……
apply oneself to…致力于，集中精力做某
【典型例句】The book does not apply to beginners.
这书不适合于初学者。
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He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。
She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。
(二)句型解读
…it was his high scores on the psychological test that finally won him the status of
China’s first astronaut… 他各项心理测试所得的最高分终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的
【句型】It was...that... 强调结构
强调句型：It is / was +
被强调的部分
+ that (who)...
It was in the room that Li Lei was born. 李蕾就出生在这间房子里。
It is Wei Fang that / who has broken the record. 就是魏方打破了记录。
注意：（1）原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用
It is + 被强调的部分
(who)...；若原句子是过去范围内的时态，强调句用：It was +
被强调的部分+ that
（2）即使被强调的部分是复数，it
后面始终用单数形式。
（3）强调人时，可用
that，但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能
when，where，why，how
（4）在强调
not...until 结构中的时间状语时，应将
until 前，再将
until 部分移到强调的位置。如：I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. = It was
not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
（三）语法解读
★过去完成时
1. 主动形式：had +
动词的过去分词；被动形式：had + been +
动词的过去分词
2. 意义：表示在过去某个时间或者某个动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
注意：使用过去完成时的关键是：要有一个过去时间点（一个时间状语或一个过
去动作）与那个过去完成时态动作或状态对比存在。
（1）已完成用法：相对于过去某个时间或过去某个动作而言，已完成的动作或存
在的状态。多用瞬间性动词。
They had finished the job when I got there. 当我到那里的时候，他们就已经完成了
那项工作。
We had had lunch by twelve o’clock yesterday. 到昨天 12:00 时，我们就吃完午饭了。
（2）未完成用法：一个动作行为
A 点之前就开始了，并一直持续到
A 点，还要继续持续或刚刚结束。行为
B 就用过去完成时态。要用持续性动词，并且
和表示持续到过去某点的时间段状语连用，如：by +
过去时间点，since +
过去时间点，
until / till then，up to then，for + 时间段等。
By six o’clock they had worked for five hours. 到 6:00 为止，他们已经工作
They had known each other for eight years when they got married. 到结婚时，他们已
（一）单项选择
1. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ______ before.
A. hasn’t flown
B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flown
D. wasn’t flying
2. Was it in this house ______ your grandpa died?
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C. in where
D. in which
3. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for
B. have known
C. had known
4. This was the first time we ______ at home.
B. had met
C. was met
D. would meet
5. They became friends again that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for nearly two
A. didn’t speak
B. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spoken
D. haven’t been speaking
（二）书面表达
请将下列短文缩写成
60 词左右的短文。
I’m Dick, and I’m thirteen. I study in a middle school. I live with my grandparents, for my
parents work in a factory far away and they live in the factory. They are very busy. They
come to see us only on holidays.
I have a friend. His name is Tom and he is a black boy. We often go to school together in the
morning. Sometimes I go to Tom’s home and do my homework together with him. In this
way we can help and learn from each other.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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The world of our sense
1．检测与感官有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2．检测名词性从句的运用。
3．检测与漫画故事有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1. 听力，听觉
____________
2. 使糊涂，使迷惑
____________
3. 预测，预报
____________
4. 无处，到处都不
____________
5. 犹豫，迟疑不决
____________
____________
7. 认识，辨认出
____________
8. 轻松，宽慰
____________
9. 抱有希望的
____________
10. 镇静的；使平静
adj. & vt.
____________
____________
12. 松动的；松开，释放
adj. & vt.
____________
13. 雇佣，使用
____________
14. 罗盘，指南针
____________
15. 不像；与……
____________
（二）重点短语默写
1. 看得到；在视力范围之内
____________
2. 盼望；企盼
____________
____________
4. 留心；密切注意
____________
____________
（一）词汇解读
1．confuse vt. 使迷惑
【基本构词】confused adj.
感到迷惑的
confusing adj. 令人迷惑的
confusion n.
迷团，令人迷惑的事情
【典型例句】The
news really confused me. 这消息真的让我迷惑。The
film is so
confusing that I can’t understand it. 这部电影令人迷惑不解，我无法看懂。
2．approach n. & vt. & vi. 接近, 逼近；接近,
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【短语搭配】 be approaching (to)与……差不多,
approach to 接近, 近似,
约等于;（做某事）的方法
【典型例句】We approached the museum.
我们走近博物馆。
A new year is approaching. 新年快到了。
3. attract vt. 吸引；诱惑；引起……的好感（或兴趣）vi.
具有吸引力；引人注意
【基本构词】attractive adj.有魅力的；迷人的
attraction n. 吸引；引力；魅力
【短语搭配】be attracted by sth., attract sb. (to sb. / sth.) 吸引，使喜爱
【典型例句】Summer attracts visitors to the countryside. 在夏季，乡村游很吸引游客。
4．recognize vi. & vt. 辨认出；承认
【基本构词】recognition n.
认可，赞誉
【基本用法】recognize sb. to be
承认某人是……
recognize that 承认
【典型例句】Though she changed much, I recognized her at first sight.
虽然她变化很大,
我还是一眼就认出了她。
They recognized him to be a great leader. 他们承认他是一位伟大领袖。
He didn’t recognize ( = admit) that he had made a big mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
5. calm adj.（天气、海洋等）静的，镇静的
vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定,
【短语搭配】calm down
【典型例句】After the storm, the air calmed. 暴风雨之后，天空变得宁静了。
A warm bath will calm you. 洗个热水澡，会使你平静下来的。
Hey, calm down! Tell me what happened! 嘿，镇定点！告诉我发生了什么事！
（二）句型解读
Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard. 波莉抬头看去，
发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
find oneself...的意思是“发现自己（做某事或处于某种状态）”，指没有意料
到的事或状态，后面接分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当宾语补足语。如：
When he came to, he found himself in hospital. 他苏醒过来时发现自己躺在医院里。
（三）语法解读
★名词性从句
1. 名词性从句的概念：名词性从句是一个相当于名词的从句，在主从复合句中充
当主语、表语、宾语和同位语，分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从
2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
（1）从属连词：that, whether, if
。它们不充当从句的任何成分，that
没有意义，
whether，if 表“是否”。
He knew (that) the professor had refused to take on his son. 他知道教授已经拒绝了收
他的儿子为学生。（宾语从句）
（2）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
What he cares about is money. 他所关心的是钱。（主语从句）
（3）连接副词：when, where, how, why
That was when he was out of prison. 那就是他出狱的时间。（表语从句）
The problem is how we can save time. 问题是我们如何才能节省时间。（表语从句）
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I have no idea why he refused me. 我不知道他为什么拒绝我。（同位语从句）
3. 不可省略的连词：
（1）介词之后的连词；
（2）引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的连词。
That she was chosen made us very happy. 她入选了，这使得我们非常高兴。（主语
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到了我们队获胜的消息。（同位语
4. 比较：whether
if 均有“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether
（1）whether
引导主语从句并置于句首；
（2）whether
引导表语从句和同位语从句；
（3）whether
引导的从句作介词的宾语；
（4）句中有
whether or not，如：Whether or not he will come is not clear. 他是否会
来还不清楚。
（一）单项选择
1. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _____ you want to use it for.
D. whether
2. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him that _____ to visit him.
A. you will come
B. will you come
C. you come
D. do you come
3. One advantage of playing the guitar is _____ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
4. _____ he had passed the exam surprised everyone.
D. Whether
5. The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.
C. no matter what
D. whatever
（二）完形填空
Languages keep borrowing words from other languages. This is one of the reasons why
languages keep
almost every day. What
should do about the increasing
number of “borrowed words” in our vocabulary is something people disagree about. In
England today, there is no one to decide which
words should be included in the
language. A standard was first set for the English language when Henry VII was King of
England. That is
we have the phrase “the King’s English”. King Henry VII was a poet
and a man who
language. He set a standard for
people were to speak English,
but who can make a decision like that today is anyone’s guess!
In France,
, there is a department to make decisions like this. How French will be used
by a government department. At one time the department banned some words from
, including “weekend” and “e-mail”.
Some people
borrowed words are making languages less special, while others think
this is good because languages become more easily understood by foreigners. Which group
you agree with is for you to decide.
)1. A. borrowing
B. changing
C. speaking
D. improving
)2. A. you
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)3. A. old
B. popular
C. interesting
D. foreign
)4. A. why
B. because
)5. A. took care
B. agreed on
C. cared about
D. agreed with
)6. A. what
C. whether
)7. A. fortunately
B. therefore
C. obviously
D. however
)8. A. decided
D. guessed
)9. A. French
B. English
C. Chinese
D. Japanese
)10. A. hope
C. disagree
D. welcome
1．检测与语言有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
it 的一些用法。
3．检测与语言有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
____________
____________
3．官方的，正式的
____________
____________
5．击败，战胜
____________
6．替换，代替
____________
7．因此，所以
____________
8．过程，进程
____________
9．区别，差别
____________
10．关心；涉及
____________
11．插嘴，打断
____________
____________
13．短处，缺点
____________
14．切实可行的
____________
15．方便的
____________
（二）重点短语默写
1．由……组成（构成）
____________
2. 以……命名
____________
3. 除……之外
____________
4. 控制；取得对……的控制
____________
____________
6. 和……不同；不同于
____________
7. 作为整体；总体上
____________
（一）词汇解读
1．occupy vt. 占领，占据；充满
【短语搭配】be occupied with sth. / in doing sth. 忙于做某事
【典型例句】The speech occupied three hours.
发言共占去了三个小时。
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I’m occupied in writing a report. 我在忙于写一份报告。
2．defeat vt. 击败，战胜
【词语辨析】beat，defeat
win 的用法
beat 和 defeat 两者都可表示“打败，战胜，击败”等，常可互换，只是
beat 更正式，它们之后的宾语通常是比赛或战斗的对手。如：
They beat / defeated the enemy. 他们打败了敌人。
win 表示“赢得，获得”等意思，其后通常接表示比赛、战斗、荣誉、友谊等方
面的名词作宾语。如：
正：He beat / defeated me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。
正：He won the game / race. 他赢了比赛。
误：He won me at chess. / He beat / defeated the game.
3．access vt. & n. 进入
【基本用法】have access to sth.
享有使用……的权利；通向......的入口；接近......
【典型例句】Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免费使用这个图
He is a man of easy access. 他是一个很好接近的人。
4．concern n. & vt. 关心，涉及
【基本用法】be concerned about / for
so / as far as sb. is concerned 就某人来
be concerned with / in... 与……有关
【典型例句】
So far as I am concerned, the second arrangement is more suitable. 对我来说，第二种
安排更恰当。
The boy’s poor performance at school concerned his parents. 这个男孩在学校很差的
表现使他父母很担心。
（二）句型解读
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it
uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它
不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
in that 的意思是“在于，原因是，因为”。如：
This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one
about history. 这本书不同于那本，因为这本是有关化学的，而那本是有关历史的。
（三）语法解读
★ it 的用法
1. 形式主语
it 常作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，真正的主语通常为不定式短语、现在
分词（即动词-ing
形式）短语和主语从句。如：
It is esay to buy a new radio. 买台新的收音机很容易。
It is no use telling him that. 和他说那事没用。
It should be true that he has earned their trust. 他赢得了他们的信任，这应该是真的。
2. 形式宾语
it 作为形式宾语，真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面，真正的宾语通常为不定式、
现在分词（即动词-ing
形式）和宾语从句。
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常用的句型有：think / feel / find / consider / make + it +名词短语宾补
/ 形容词短语
+ 不定式短语
/ 现在分词短语
/ 宾语从句。如：
He felt it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是他的职责。
They thought it no good doing that. 他们认为那样做不好。
I found it hard to believe that he was working for the enemy. 我觉得很难相信他在为
敌人卖命。
3. it 还可以指代时间、天气、距离、环境、婴儿、不明身份的人等。
（一）单项选择
1. It took us over an hour _____ along the shopping mall.
B. to walk
C. walking
2. Many young people now make _____ a rule to buy chocolate for their lovers onValentine’s
A. themselves
3. _____ is very clear to everyone that he is not telling the truth.
4. In the United States, bus travel doesn’t cost much as train travel, _____?
A. don’t they
B. does it
C. do they
D. doesn’t it
5. Someone is knocking at the door, who do you think _____ is?
（二）双向翻译
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. （1）由于这个原因，近
代英语包括了许多拉丁词汇和希腊词汇.
（2）Pronunciation also went through huge changes
during this period. （3）Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language.
The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future （4）容易回答. It is certain
that this process will continue, and （5）people will keep inventing new words and new ways of
saying things.
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________
Back to the past
1. 检测与历史事件有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2. 检测主谓一致的运用。
3. 检测与历史事件有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
___________
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___________
3.（火山等）爆发
___________
4. 装饰，装潢
___________
___________
___________
7. 毁坏，摧毁
___________
8. 在……之下
___________
9. 观众，听众
___________
10. 表达，表情
___________
11. 仪式，典礼
___________
12. 幸运的
___________
___________
14. 意识到的，知道的
___________
15. 使腐化，使堕落
___________
（二）重点短语默写
1. 夺取，接管
___________
___________
3. 无疑，确实
___________
4. 起义，反抗
___________
5. 阻碍（某人）
___________
6. 患（病）
___________
（一）词汇解读
1．declare vt. 宣布；宣称
【词语辨析】announce, declare
在表示相当于汉语“宣布”的意思时，有如下区别：
1．announce 更接近于汉语“公布，告知”的意思，它所涉及的是一件对方原来不知
道的事。如：The accident was announced to his family by telephone. 已用电话将事故告诉了
他的家属。
2．declare 含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思，它所涉及的事不一定是对方所不知道的。
如：The accused declared himself to be innocent. 被告宣称自己无罪。
2．ahead adv. 在前面，提前
【短语搭配】ahead of time
go ahead 好吧，做吧
【典型例句】You have to work hard to keep ahead in your class. 你必须努力学习才能在
全班保持成绩领先。
He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。
— May I start? 我可以开始了吗?
— Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。
3．aware adj. 意识到
【基本构词】awareness n.
【短语搭配】be / become aware of / that-clause 意识到
【典型例句】Are you aware of the difficulty? 你意识到困难了吗?
She became aware that something was burning. 她发觉有东西烧着了。
（二）句型解读
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When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers
explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历
山大大帝的影响所致。
本句是主从复合句，其中
When asked how…是一个省略性状语从句，其完整形式为
When they were asked how…。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，或从句的主谓结构为
is / was 时，连词
when, while, though, if 等常引导省略性状语从句，即省略从句中的主语和
be 动词。如：
He only drinks a little if invited to. 如果有人请他喝酒，他只喝一点点。
Spend some time with your parents when possible. 有可能的话，多陪陪父母。
（三）语法解读
★主谓一致
1. 主谓一致的概念：是指谓语在人称和数方面要和主语部分对应。
2. 主谓一致的原则：
（1）语法一致，即主语和谓语在语法上保持一致。如果主语为单数形式，谓语用单数
形式；若主语为复数形式，谓语也应用复数形式。
①单数名词、不可数名词、不定式短语、动词-ing
形式、或主语从句作主语，谓语用
单数形式。
To say is one thing, to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
A + with / together (along) with / as well as / besides / but / except / including / in
addition to / like / no less than / rather than / instead of B 等类似结构中，应根据 A 确定谓语的
The father with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 父亲带着他的两个儿子看电影去了。
③ and 连接两个名词作复合主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My father and my mother are away on business. 我父母出差去了。
但是，当两个名词表示同一个人、同一事物、同一概念或一套完整的东西时（其特征
and 后的名词前无任何限定词），谓语应用单数形式。
The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Yunnan. 这位作家兼诗人已决定在云
④不定代词
one, no one, the other, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 等以及被 each,
every 修饰的名词作主语，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。
⑤在定语从句中，从句中的谓语应该与作主语的关系代词保持一致。如：
The teacher who teaches us English is from Inner Mongolia. 教我们英语的老师来自内蒙
（2）意义一致，即谓语的单复数形式不是根据语法形式，而是根据主语的内在含义
（即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数含义，反之亦然）确定的。
①有些集体名词，如：主语
family, group, army, government, audience 等表示整体概念
时，应看作单数，谓语也用单数形式；但若表示组成整体的各个成员的集合时，其谓语则
应用复数形式。
My family is quite big.（整体）
My family like watching TV.（整体的各个组成成员们）
②有些集体名词，如：people（人们），police，cattle
等谓语应该用复数形式。
The police are after a murderer. 警察正在追捕一名杀人犯。
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③复数名词短语表示度量、距离、金额、时间或专有名词，要看作一个整体，其谓语
要用单数形式。
Ten years is a moment in history. 十年在历史的长河中只是一瞬间。
+ of + 名词”以及“all (most, some, any, half, a lot, the rest) + of
+名词”作主语时，根据
of 后的名词确定。
Ten percent of the apples are bad. 这些苹果中有百分之十是坏的。
⑤the 与某些形容词搭配表示一类人时，如
the dead, the blind, the British 等，谓语用复
（3）就近一致。这一原则是指如果句子中有两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语的单复数
形式要根据靠近它的那部分主语的单复数来确定。主要有以下两种情况：
① or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only... but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时。
Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 不是他的父母而是他不想去。
② there be +多个名词作主语，谓语常与最靠近
be 的名词的单复数一致。
There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 碟子上有一个苹果，两个梨和
一些橘子。
1. The secretary and manager ______ very busy now.
2. Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party.
A. have been
3. Either you or I ______ going to the teachers’ office after class.
4. Most of his spare time ______ spent in reading.
D. have been
5. When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.
A. are not decided
B. is not decided　
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
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Advertising
检测与广告话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
检测直接引语和间接引语的运用。
检测与广告话题有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1．广告；广告宣传
___________
2．说服；使信服
___________
3．清白的；纯真的
___________
4．治愈；解决
___________
5．心理的；精神的
___________
6．全国范围的
___________
___________
8．使受益；益处
___________
9．推广；促销
___________
___________
___________
___________
13．讨价还价；便宜货
vi., vt. & n. ___________
14．确定，查明；决定
___________
15．做出反应，回应
___________
（二）重点短语默写
1．旨在；目的是
___________
2．上……的当
___________
3．涉及；处理
___________
4．弄清楚；计算出
___________
5．吸引；迎合
___________
___________
7. 虽然，即使
___________
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8. 把……传达
___________
9. 欺骗，捉弄
___________
（一）词汇解读
1．be used to (doing) sth. 对……习以为常，习惯于，适应
【词语辨析】
used to do sth., be used to doing sth.和 be used to do sth.的用法比较：
① used to do sth. 指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。
I used to work hard. 我过去常常努力工作。（暗含的意义是：我现在不努力工作了。）
② be / get / become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于，to 是介词。
He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years．
在那里住了两年后，他已习惯了寒冷的天气。
③ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事，to
是不定式符号。
A metal bar was used to force the door open. 用金属棒把门撬开了。
2．persuade vi. & vt. 说服；使信服
【基本构词】persuasion n.
persuasive adj. 有说服力的
【基本用法】persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做……
persuade sb. into (doing) sth. 说服某人做……
persuade sb. out of (doing) sth. 劝说某人不要做……
【典型例句】I persuade him to study hard. 我劝说他努力学习。
3．mean vi. & vt. 打算；意味着
【基本构词】meaning n.
意义；意思，含义
meaningful adj. 有意义的；意义深远的
meaningless adj. 无意义的
【基本用法】mean to do sth.
打算做…… mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做……
mean doing 意味着
mean no harm 不怀恶意
mean what sb. says 说话算数
What do you
mean by (doing) sth.? ……是什么意思?
【典型例句】Sorry, we are late. But we had meant to be early. 对不起，我们迟到了，但
是我们本来是想早来的。
I mean you to spend this money for your daughter. 我是想让你用这笔款为你女儿买些东
4．recommend vt. 推荐；建议，劝告
【基本构词】recommendation n.
建议；推荐
【基本用法】recommend sb. sth. = recommend sth. to / for sb.向某人推荐……
recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人担任…… recommend (sb.’s / sb.) doing 建议某人做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do 建议某人做某事
【典型例句】He recommended the young man to our firm (for the post). 他推荐那位年轻
人到我们公司（担任那个职位）。
I recommended (you) meeting him first. 我建议（你）先见见他。
5．convenient a. 便利的，方便的
【基本构词】convenience n.
conveniently ad. 便利地
【短语搭配】be convenient for / to 离（某地）很近便；对（某人）方便
convenience 在某人方便时
【典型例句】Our school is convenient for / to the station. 我们学校离车站很近便。
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If it is convenient for / to you, we’ll come tomorrow. 如果你方便的话，我们就明天来吧。
Please call me back at your convenience. 请你方便的时候回个电话给我。
6．determine vt. 决定；决心
【基本构词】determination n.
determined a. 坚定的，坚决的
【基本用法】determine to do sth.
决心做某事
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
determine on / upon sth. 对某事下定决心
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决心做某事
【典型例句】He is determined to go at once. 他决心立刻就走。
His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more. 他的劝告使我决心不再抽烟喝酒
（二）句型解读
The grocery just hopes that when you read the ad, you will feel pleased with the their nice
comment, remember the words ‘freshest food’ and make a mental connection with the food in the
grocery. 杂货商只是希望当你读这个广告时对他们的好评论有不错的感觉，并记住“新鲜
食品”这几个字，而且把它们和杂货店的食品联系起来。
这是一个复合句，其中由
that 引导一个宾语从句，that
从句中又有一个由
when 引导的
时间状语从句。
I just hope that when you read the letter, you will feel good about our arrangement and
remember our wish and study hard abroad.
我只是希望当你读了这封信时会对我们的安排看好，并且记住我们的希望，在国外努
（三）语法解读
★直接引语和间接引语
1. 基本概念
引述或转述别人的原话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫直
接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫间接引语。实际上间接引语大都是
宾语从句，但由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后为不定式。
2. 直接引语改为间接引语
（1）直接引语为陈述句时，改为间接引语用
that 引导，且
that 可以省去。如：
He said, “I like it very much.” →He said he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
（2）直接引语为一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，改为间接引语，用
whether 或 if 引导，
后面的句子应用陈述语序。而直接引语为选择疑问句改为间接引语时，由
whether 引导。
主句中的谓语动词是
said 时，要改为
asked，没有宾语时加上宾语
（3）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，改为间接引语，用原句中的疑问词引导，后面的句子
用陈述句语序。
He asked, “What do you mean by that?”
He asked me what I meant by that. 他问我那样做是什么意思。
（4）直接引语为祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变成带
式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上
tell, ask, order, beg, advise, warn 等动词，如果
祈使句为否定句，在不定式
to 的前面加上
3. 在直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般
要作相应的变化。一般遵循下列规律：
在直接引语中
在间接引语中
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the day before
the week before
the next day
the next year
two days ago
two days before
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
could / might
1. I asked him how much ______.
A. does his new car cost
B. did his new car cost
C. his new car does cost
D. his new car cost
2. Do you know ______ now？
A. what he’s looking for
B. what is he looking for
C. what does he look for
D. what he looks for
3. The teacher told us ______ so much noise when people were speaking.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
4. Could you tell me where ______ now?
A. are you living
B. do you live
C. you live
D. did you live
5. He didn’t know ______ he should go or not.
D. whether
Sporting events
1．检测与体育运动话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。
2．检测情态动词的运用。
3．检测与体育运动话题有关的读写能力。
（一）重点单词默写
1．愉快的；高兴的
_____________
2．比赛；竞争
_____________
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3．缺席；不在场
_____________
4．尝试；努力
_____________
_____________
6．否则；要不然
_____________
起因；出身
_____________
8．频繁的，经常发生的
_____________
9．去除；免除
_____________
10．力量；权力
_____________
11．球门；目标
_____________
12．击球；射击
_____________
13．不公正的
_____________
14．与此同时；在此期间
_____________
15．愤愤不平的；味苦的
_____________
（二）重点短语默写
1．向……表示敬意
______________
2．领头；带路
______________
______________
4．转交；传递
______________
5．给……让路
______________
（一）词汇解读
1．delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的,
【基本构词】delight n., vi. & vt. 快乐，欣喜；使快乐
delightful adj. 令人愉快的，令
【短语搭配】a delighted look
高兴的表情
be delighted to do… 乐于做…… be delighted
at… 因……而高兴
to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
take delight in doing sth. 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地
【典型例句】The children were made to laugh with delight. 孩子们被逗得高兴地大笑。
I was delighted to be invited to her party. 我很高兴被邀请参加她的聚会。
2．compete vi. 比赛；竞争
【基本构词】competition n.
比赛，竞赛
competitor n. 竞赛者，比赛者
competitive
adj. 比赛的，有竞争力的
【短语搭配】