吸烟者中的化脓性汗腺炎的发生率:一项在美国开展的基于人群的回顾性分析
吸烟者中的化脓性汗腺炎的发生率:一项在美国开展的基于人群的回顾性分析Article in
· March 2018 with 5 Reads · DOI: 化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种痛苦的复发性慢性疾病,其炎症出现于大汗腺部位。这些腺体主要位于腋窝和腹股沟。在HS中,毛囊可能会被堵塞。这会导致烫伤样的肿块、部位化脓并留下疤痕。尽管普遍观念认为,吸烟会增加感染该疾病的风险,然而相关证据仍存在争议。本项研究的重要之处在于,它包含了相当大规模的人群样本,以比较HS在吸烟者和非吸烟者中的发病率。研究人员利用美国的医疗保健数据识别出3924310名吸烟者和8027790名非吸烟者,并且发现吸烟者和非吸烟者的HS总体发病率分别为0.20%和0.11%。吸烟者中以下人群的HS发病率最高:30~39岁的人(0.35%)、女性(0.28%)、非裔美国人(0.46%)和BMI≥30的人。结论是,吸烟者中的HS发病率比非吸烟者几乎翻了一番。这些发现可能可以支持基于证据的建议,以帮助具有HS患病风险的人戒烟。 Linked Article: Garg et al. Br J Dermatol 9–714ArticleMar 2018Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, and painful disease in which there is inflammation in areas of the apocrine sweat glands. These glands are found mainly in the armpits and groins. Within HS there may be a blockage of the hair follicles. This causes a mixture of boil‐like lumps, areas leaking pus, and scarring. Despite a common belief that tobacco smoking increases the risk of developing the disease, the evidence linking the two is controversial. This study is important because it includes a very large sample of people to compare rates of HS in smokers and non‐smokers. Using healthcare data, the researchers identified 3 924 310 tobacco smokers and 8 027 790 non‐smokers in the USA and found that the overall incidence of HS was 0.20% among smokers and 0.11% among non‐smokers. Incidence of HS was greatest among smokers who were aged 30–39 years (0.35%), women (0.28%), African Americans (0.46%), and those with BMI ≥ 30. In conclusion, incidence of HS appears to be doubled among tobacco smokers. These findings may support evidence‐ased counselling to help people at risk of HS to quit smoking.ArticleSep 2017Background:
The relationship between tobacco use and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is controversial.
Objective:
To determine incidence of HS among tobacco smokers.
Retrospective cohort analysis identifying incident HS cases among adult tobacco smokers and non-smokers sampled from a demographically heterogeneous population-based sample of over 50 million unique patients across all census regions.
We identified 3,924,310 tobacco smokers, among whom were 7,860 patients newly diagnosed with HS. Tobacco smokers diagnosed with HS were most commonly aged 18-39 years (; 48.3%), women (5,640/7,860; 71.8%), Caucasian (5,200/7,860; 66.2%), and those with BMI ≥30 (5,690/7,860; 72.4%). Overall incidence of HS was 0.20% (7,860/3,924,310) among tobacco smokers and 0.11% (8,430/8,027,790) among non-smokers (p& 0.0001). Incidence was greatest among tobacco smokers who were aged 30-39 years (0.35%), women (0.28%), African Americans (0.46%), and those with BMI ≥30 (0.33%). Overall adjusted odds of developing HS was 1.90 [95% CI 1.84-1.96] among tobacco smokers, compared to non-smokers (p&0.0001). HS incidence among tobacco smokers remained increased within each demographic subgroup.
Conclusions:
Incidence of HS appears to be doubled among tobacco smokers. These findings may support evidence-based counseling efforts on cessation of smoking for populations at risk for HS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.ArticleMar 2018[...]化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种使人衰弱且痛苦的慢性炎性疾病。科学家先前表明,唐氏综合症患者存在容易因淀粉样前体蛋白的形成增多而患上HS的潜在基因联系。但是,此项基于实验室的发现之前并未在人群中得到验证。在本研究中,我们评估了化脓性汗腺炎在一大群唐氏综合症患者中的普遍性,并利用另一组未患有唐氏综合症的患者对发现进行了比较。我们观察到,在过去的五年中,有2.1%的唐氏综合症患者被诊断出患有化脓性汗腺炎。在研究期间,与未患有唐氏综合症的患者相比,唐氏综合症患者患上化脓性汗腺炎的可能性是前者的五倍。化脓性汗腺炎最常见于18~29岁的唐氏综合症患者。在唐氏综合症患者中,无论男性还是女性,也无论白人还是非白人,都会受到化脓性汗腺炎的影响。与未患有唐氏综合症的患者相比,唐氏综合症患者会在较年轻时被诊断出化脓性汗腺炎。这表明,汗腺炎可能会发生在唐氏综合症患者的较年轻时期,或者说汗腺炎的症状可能较为严重,因此促使患者尽早就医。唐氏综合症患者较早被诊断出化脓性汗腺炎的另一个原因可能是,医生普遍会更加频繁的对唐氏综合症患者进行检查。 Linked Article: Garg et al. Br J Dermatol 7–703ArticleJun 2017[...]Background:
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) has been linked to Down syndrome (DS).
Objective:
To determine whether Down syndrome patients have a higher prevalence of HS, and whether diagnosis of HS occurs at an earlier age.
Cross-sectional analysis in a population sample of 11,936 DS patients and 16,813,290 non-DS patients. The primary outcome was diagnosis of HS. SNOMED-CT terms were used to identify patients with DS and HS. We used logistic regression models and significant interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between DS and HS. We also compared proportion of incident HS cases within five-year age groups to determine whether DS patients had earlier diagnosis of HS.
Prevalence of HS among DS patients was 2.1%, compared to 0.3% for patients without DS (p&0.001). HS prevalence was greatest among DS patients who were aged 18-29 years. HS prevalence was not different between female and male DS patients or between white and non-white DS patients, after controlling for age, gender and obesity. Compared to those without DS, patients with the condition had increased odds of HS in unadjusted [OR 7.84, 95% CI 6.93-8.88] and adjusted [OR 5.24, 95% CI 4.62-5.94] analyses. Diagnosis of HS was made by the age of 29 years in 81.8% of patients with DS, compared to 34.0% of patients without the condition (p&0.001).
Conclusion:
HS is strongly associated with DS across demographic subgroups, and the disease may present earlier life in these patients. These findings have implications for surveillance and care of patients with DS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.我19岁夏天出汗多，脖子，腋下，大腿跟等出现热疙瘩，天冷也没消退，20年了，同仁堂看了说是汗腺炎，给开了10副中药，吃了也不管事。
全部答案（共2个回答）
学中属蜂窝漏、串臀瘘的范畴。20～40岁身体肥胖多汗的人，易患此病，女多于男。本病长...
大汗腺感染后在皮内和皮下组织反复发作，广泛蔓延，形成范围较广的慢性炎症、小脓肿、复杂性窦道和瘘管，称为化脓性汗腺炎（suppurative hidrosadenitis）。发病部位多在大汗腺分布区，如腑下、肛门、生殖器、臀部、股部、腹股沟、乳晕、脐部和外耳道，发生于肛门周围者称为肛周化脓性汗腺炎。在中医学中属蜂窝漏、串臀瘘的范畴。20～40岁身体肥胖多汗的人，易患此病，女多于男。本病长期不愈有恶变可能，大多发生在病后10～20年。国外Jackman报道，125例肛周化脓性汗腺炎中有4例恶变为鳞癌，发生率为3.2％。
【症状和体征】
化脓性汗腺炎多在青春期后出现症状，常发生在身体健康、皮肤油脂过多、常有痤疮的青壮年人。初起为在骶会阴、阴囊区单发或多发的、皮下或皮内大小不等、与汗腺毛囊一致的炎性条索状硬结、脓疱或疖肿。以后化脓发生溃疡，瘘道形成，红肿明显，自觉疼痛，溃后排出恶臭的糊状脓性分泌物。但病变仅位于皮下，不深入内括约肌。随着第一个窦道形成，许多窦道相继形成，融合成片，皮下发生广泛坏死，皮肤溃烂，可扩展到肛门周围、阴囊、阴唇、骶尾部、臀部、腰部和股部，愈合后常导致硬化和瘢痕形成。常瘵有发热、全身不适、淋巴结疼痛肿大及肛周出现藏毛瘘。晚期可出现消瘦、贫血，或并发内分泌和脂肪代谢紊乱等症状。
皮肤大汗腺部位长期反复发作多发性结节，持续时间最少3个月，不一定排脓或有波动感，但逐渐广泛蔓延，形成许多浅皮下瘘管、窦道和小脓肿，瘘管和肛管常无明显联系，肛管直肠无病变，无肛瘘内口，但有条索状融合的倾向。非大汗腺部位的耳后有黑头粉刺存在是本病早期诊断的标志，月经前多病情加重。本病极易误诊，需与下列疾病鉴别：
㈠疖：毛囊性浸润明显，呈圆锥形，破溃后顶部有脓栓，病程短，无一定好发部位。
㈡淋巴结炎：结节较大、坚实，炎性浸润较深，附近有感染病灶。
㈢复杂性肛瘘：管道较深，内有肉芽组织，常有内口，多有肛门直肠脓肿史。
㈣潜毛囊窦道：几乎总位于会阴缝的后部，且在许多病例中，脓性分泌物中可见毛发。
㈤畸胎瘤：瘘管很深，常通入明显的脓腔。
㈠内治法：
1.中药内服：
⑴实热型：局部红肿疼痛明显，分泌物多，大便燥结，小便短赤，舌质红，苔黄燥，脉洪数。治宜清热解毒，消肿散结，方用仙方活命饮或五味消毒饮加减。
⑵痰湿型：身体肥胖，咳嗽痰多，局部湿烂，分泌物多，舌胖淡，苔白腻，脉濡滑。治宜燥湿祛痰，方用二陈汤合三仁汤加减。
⑶心脾两型虚型：久病体弱，面色苍白，心悸气短，体倦无力，少气懒言，食欲不振，皮色晦暗，大便溏薄，肉芽不鲜，脓水时多时少，舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。治宜补养心脾，解毒除湿，方用归脾汤加连翘、苍术、黄柏、土茯苓。
2.抗感染治疗：急性期可酌情应用抗生素，一般根据细菌培养和药敏试验，决定选用抗生素的种类。常选用的药物有青霉素、红霉素、强力霉素、万古霉素等，但因本病常反复发作，病灶周围纤维化，抗生素可能不易透入，所以药敏试验不一定与临床效果一致。
3.肾上腺皮质激素的应用：强的松龙、地塞米松等应用，可控制炎症，但不宜久用。
4.抗雄性激素治疗：近年来研究应用雄性激素药物环丙氯地孕酮（CPA）治疗化脓性汗腺炎取得了较好的效果。
㈡外治法：
1.清热解毒、活血化瘀之剂，水煎熏洗。可选用硝矾洗剂、葱硝汤、二花一黄汤等。
2.外敷拔毒祛腐生新之剂，如五味拔毒膏。
3.待腐尽伤面红活时，用生肌收敛之剂，如皮粘散。
4.急性炎症期可局部应用505硫酸镁溶液冷湿敷。对反复发作，久治不愈者，可用浅层X线照射治疗。
㈢手术治疗：根据病变情况，手术可一期或分期进行。
1.病灶小者，可敞开病灶基底部换药。
2.病灶广泛，深达正常筋膜者可广泛切除感染灶，伤口二期愈合或植皮。
3.病灶待大者，可行广泛切除加转流性结肠造口术。造口是为了避免创口污染，并非常规，一般不轻易采用。
【病理改变】
中医学认为，本病多因正气虚弱，湿热侵渍，下注肛周，蕴结不散；或心脾两虚，健运失职，痰湿内生，结聚肛门而发。
现代医学认为，本病病因复杂，可能与体内激素失衡、胚胎发育不良、局部潮湿、吸烟过多、细菌感染等诸多因素有关，细菌侵入汗腺、毛囊及与相通之导管，迅速繁殖，放出霉素，使腺管发炎、水肿、阻塞、化脓，在皮下蔓延扩散，形成多个脓肿。其间窄道相互通连，以致造成反复感染，病原菌多为金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、厌氧菌和厌氧链球菌。本病感染的细菌有一定的规律性，腋部主要是金黄色葡萄球菌和厌氧菌，特别是革半氏阴性球菌，会阴部主要是厌氧链球菌；肛门和生殖器主要是F组链球菌感染。
大汗腺、皮脂腺和它们开口所在的毛囊，在发育上都受雄激素的控制。青春期开始分泌，活动的最高峰是在性活跃期。女性绝经后，大汗腺逐渐萎缩，分泌功能明显的减弱。本病的发病完全与大汗腺的活动一致，青春期以前从不发病，绝经期后不再发作。有文献报告1例阉人用雄激素后发生本病。因此，无论从生理上还是从病理上，均表明本病是一个雄激素依赖性疾病。
局部卫生欠佳、多汗、吸烟、搔抓、磨擦等各种刺激因素，均易诱发本病。
大汗腺感染后在皮内和皮下组织反复发作，广泛蔓延，形成范围较广的慢性炎症、小脓肿、复杂性窦道和瘘管，称为化脓性汗腺炎（suppurative hidrosadenitis）。发病部位多在大汗腺分布区，如腑下、肛门、生殖器、臀部、股部、腹股沟、乳晕、脐部和外耳道，发生于肛门周围者称为肛周化脓性汗腺炎。在中医学中属蜂窝漏、串臀瘘的范畴。20～40岁身体肥胖多汗的人，易患此病，女多于男。本病长期不愈有恶变可能，大多发生在病后10～20年。国外Jackman报道，125例肛周化脓性汗腺炎中有4例恶变为鳞癌，发生率为3.2%。
中医学认为，本病多因正气虚弱，湿热侵渍，下注肛周，蕴结不散；或心脾两虚，健运失职，痰湿内生，结聚肛门而发。
现代医学认为，本病病因复杂，可能与体内激素失衡、胚胎发育不良、局部潮湿、吸烟过多、细菌感染等诸多因素有关，细菌侵入汗腺、毛囊及与相通之导管，迅速繁殖，放出霉素，使腺管发炎、水肿、阻塞、化脓，在皮下蔓延扩散，形成多个脓肿。其间窄道相互通连，以致造成反复感染，病原菌多为金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、厌氧菌和厌氧链球菌。本病感染的细菌有一定的规律性，腋部主要是金黄色葡萄球菌和厌氧菌，特别是革半氏阴性球菌，会阴部主要是厌氧链球菌；肛门和生殖器主要是F组链球菌感染。
大汗腺、皮脂腺和它们开口所在的毛囊，在发育上都受雄激素的控制。青春期开始分泌，活动的最高峰是在性活跃期。女性绝经后，大汗腺逐渐萎缩，分泌功能明显的减弱。本病的发病完全与大汗腺的活动一致，青春期以前从不发病，绝经期后不再发作。有文献报告1例阉人用雄激素后发生本病。因此，无论从生理上还是从病理上，均表明本病是一个雄激素依赖性疾病。
局部卫生欠佳、多汗、吸烟、搔抓、磨擦等各种刺激因素，均易诱发本病。
化脓性汗腺炎多在青春期后出现症状，常发生在身体健康、皮肤油脂过多、常有痤疮的青壮年人。初起为在骶会阴、阴囊区单发或多发的、皮下或皮内大小不等、与汗腺毛囊一致的炎性条索状硬结、脓疱或疖肿。以后化脓发生溃疡，瘘道形成，红肿明显，自觉疼痛，溃后排出恶臭的糊状脓性分泌物。但病变仅位于皮下，不深入内括约肌。随着第一个窦道形成，许多窦道相继形成，融合成片，皮下发生广泛坏死，皮肤溃烂，可扩展到肛门周围、阴囊、阴唇、骶尾部、臀部、腰部和股部，愈合后常导致硬化和瘢痕形成。常瘵有发热、全身不适、淋巴结疼痛肿大及肛周出现藏毛瘘。晚期可出现消瘦、贫血，或并发内分泌和脂肪代谢紊乱等症状。
诊断与鉴别诊断
皮肤大汗腺部位长期反复发作多发性结节，持续时间最少3个月，不一定排脓或有波动感，但逐渐广泛蔓延，形成许多浅皮下瘘管、窦道和小脓肿，瘘管和肛管常无明显联系，肛管直肠无病变，无肛瘘内口，但有条索状融合的倾向。非大汗腺部位的耳后有黑头粉刺存在是本病早期诊断的标志，月经前多病情加重。本病极易误诊，需与下列疾病鉴别：
一疖：毛囊性浸润明显，呈圆锥形，破溃后顶部有脓栓，病程短，无一定好发部位。
二淋巴结炎：结节较大、坚实，炎性浸润较深，附近有感染病灶。
三复杂性肛瘘：管道较深，内有肉芽组织，常有内口，多有肛门直肠脓肿史。
四潜毛囊窦道：几乎总位于会阴缝的后部，且在许多病例中，脓性分泌物中可见毛发。
五畸胎瘤：瘘管很深，常通入明显的脓腔。
一内治法：
1.中药内服：
⑴实热型：局部红肿疼痛明显，分泌物多，大便燥结，小便短赤，舌质红，苔黄燥，脉洪数。治宜清热解毒，消肿散结，方用仙方活命饮或五味消毒饮加减。
⑵痰湿型：身体肥胖，咳嗽痰多，局部湿烂，分泌物多，舌胖淡，苔白腻，脉濡滑。治宜燥湿祛痰，方用二陈汤合三仁汤加减。
⑶心脾两型虚型：久病体弱，面色苍白，心悸气短，体倦无力，少气懒言，食欲不振，皮色晦暗，大便溏薄，肉芽不鲜，脓水时多时少，舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。治宜补养心脾，解毒除湿，方用归脾汤加连翘、苍术、黄柏、土茯苓。
2.抗感染治疗：急性期可酌情应用抗生素，一般根据细菌培养和药敏试验，决定选用抗生素的种类。常选用的药物有青霉素、红霉素、强力霉素、万古霉素等，但因本病常反复发作，病灶周围纤维化，抗生素可能不易透入，所以药敏试验不一定与临床效果一致。
3.肾上腺皮质激素的应用：强的松龙、地塞米松等应用，可控制炎症，但不宜久用。
4.抗雄性激素治疗：近年来研究应用雄性激素药物环丙氯地孕酮（CPA）治疗化脓性汗腺炎取得了较好的效果。
二外治法：
1.清热解毒、活血化瘀之剂，水煎熏洗。可选用硝矾洗剂、葱硝汤、二花一黄汤等。
2.外敷拔毒祛腐生新之剂，如五味拔毒膏。
3.待腐尽伤面红活时，用生肌收敛之剂，如皮粘散。
4.急性炎症期可局部应用505硫酸镁溶液冷湿敷。对反复发作，久治不愈者，可用浅层X线照射治疗。
三手术治疗：根据病变情况，手术可一期或分期进行。
1.病灶小者，可敞开病灶基底部换药。
2.病灶广泛，深达正常筋膜者可广泛切除感染灶，伤口二期愈合或植皮。
3.病灶待大者，可行广泛切除加转流性结肠造口术。造口是为了避免创口污染，并非常规，一般不轻易采用。
导致导管阻塞和破裂的大汗腺的疼痛性局限性炎症.
　　通常最初为金黄色葡萄球菌感染,但在慢性病例革兰氏阴性菌如变形杆菌是主要的.
　　症状,体征和诊断...
病情分析：
你别担心，多用几次拔毒膏，叫鱼石脂，等把里边的脓都拔出来就好了。
指导意见：
每天注意用棉棒蘸酒精擦周围，注意消毒。用棉棒按周围，里边不硬了，就快好...
化脓性汗腺炎一内治法：1、中药内服：⑴实热型：局部红肿疼痛明显，分泌物多，大便燥结，小便短赤，舌质红，苔黄燥，脉洪数。治宜清热解毒，消肿散结，方用仙方活命饮或五...
需要到医院做详细的检查，及时治疗控制的。希望能帮到你，麻烦给“有用”
化脓性汗腺炎一内治法：1、中药内服：
答: 心血管痉挛说明的什么？
答: 一、食盐的限制：含盐份高的食物应尽量避免如：1.调味品—食盐、酱油、味精、乌醋、蕃茄酱等。2.腌制品—泡菜、酱菜、豆腐乳、卤味等。3.腊味—香肠、火腿、腊肉等。...
答: 高血压的症状因人而异。早期可能无症状或症状不明显，仅仅会在劳累、精神紧张、情绪波动后发生血压升高，并在休息后恢复正常。随着病程延长，血压明显的持续升高，逐渐会出...
答: 从胸痛（或胸闷）的诱因、部位、性质、不间断时间和缓解方式等特征，不难识别典型心绞痛。在缺血导致的心绞痛中，仅60%为典型心绞痛，其余几乎均为非典型胸痛。由于不典...
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这个不是我熟悉的地区化脓性汗腺炎在唐氏综合症患者中的普遍性:以人群为基础的横断分析
化脓性汗腺炎在唐氏综合症患者中的普遍性:以人群为基础的横断分析Article in
· March 2018 with 5 Reads · DOI: 化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种使人衰弱且痛苦的慢性炎性疾病。科学家先前表明,唐氏综合症患者存在容易因淀粉样前体蛋白的形成增多而患上HS的潜在基因联系。但是,此项基于实验室的发现之前并未在人群中得到验证。在本研究中,我们评估了化脓性汗腺炎在一大群唐氏综合症患者中的普遍性,并利用另一组未患有唐氏综合症的患者对发现进行了比较。我们观察到,在过去的五年中,有2.1%的唐氏综合症患者被诊断出患有化脓性汗腺炎。在研究期间,与未患有唐氏综合症的患者相比,唐氏综合症患者患上化脓性汗腺炎的可能性是前者的五倍。化脓性汗腺炎最常见于18~29岁的唐氏综合症患者。在唐氏综合症患者中,无论男性还是女性,也无论白人还是非白人,都会受到化脓性汗腺炎的影响。与未患有唐氏综合症的患者相比,唐氏综合症患者会在较年轻时被诊断出化脓性汗腺炎。这表明,汗腺炎可能会发生在唐氏综合症患者的较年轻时期,或者说汗腺炎的症状可能较为严重,因此促使患者尽早就医。唐氏综合症患者较早被诊断出化脓性汗腺炎的另一个原因可能是,医生普遍会更加频繁的对唐氏综合症患者进行检查。 Linked Article: Garg et al. Br J Dermatol 7–703ArticleJun 2017[...]Background:
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) has been linked to Down syndrome (DS).
Objective:
To determine whether Down syndrome patients have a higher prevalence of HS, and whether diagnosis of HS occurs at an earlier age.
Cross-sectional analysis in a population sample of 11,936 DS patients and 16,813,290 non-DS patients. The primary outcome was diagnosis of HS. SNOMED-CT terms were used to identify patients with DS and HS. We used logistic regression models and significant interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between DS and HS. We also compared proportion of incident HS cases within five-year age groups to determine whether DS patients had earlier diagnosis of HS.
Prevalence of HS among DS patients was 2.1%, compared to 0.3% for patients without DS (p&0.001). HS prevalence was greatest among DS patients who were aged 18-29 years. HS prevalence was not different between female and male DS patients or between white and non-white DS patients, after controlling for age, gender and obesity. Compared to those without DS, patients with the condition had increased odds of HS in unadjusted [OR 7.84, 95% CI 6.93-8.88] and adjusted [OR 5.24, 95% CI 4.62-5.94] analyses. Diagnosis of HS was made by the age of 29 years in 81.8% of patients with DS, compared to 34.0% of patients without the condition (p&0.001).
Conclusion:
HS is strongly associated with DS across demographic subgroups, and the disease may present earlier life in these patients. These findings have implications for surveillance and care of patients with DS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.ArticleMar 2018[...]Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic, painful inflammatory disease. Scientists have previously suggested that there is a potential genetic link predisposing Down syndrome patients to the development of HS through the increased formation of the amyloid precursor protein. However, this laboratory based finding had not previously been verified in the population. In this study, we evaluated the commonness of hidradenitis suppurativa within a large group of patients who had Down syndrome, and we used another groups of patients that did not have Down syndrome to compare findings. We observed that the diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa was present among 2.1% of patients with Down syndrome over the past five years. Compared to those without Down syndrome, patients with the condition had five times the likelihood of having hidradenitis suppurativa during the period of the study. Hidradenitis suppurativa was most common among Down syndrome patients who were aged 18–29 years. Hidradenitis suppurativa affected males and females, and whites and non‐whites, with Down syndrome equally. The diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa is made at a younger age among patients with Down syndrome, compared to patients without the condition. This suggests that hidradenitis may occur earlier in life among patients with Down syndrome, or it may occur more severely and thereby prompt earlier visits to the doctor for this condition. It is also possible that hidradenitis suppurativa is diagnosed earlier among patients with Down syndrome because doctors may be examining patients with Down syndrome more frequently in general. Linked Article: Garg et al. Br J Dermatol 7–703ArticleMar 2018Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, and painful disease in which there is inflammation in areas of the apocrine sweat glands. These glands are found mainly in the armpits and groins. Within HS there may be a blockage of the hair follicles. This causes a mixture of boil‐like lumps, areas leaking pus, and scarring. Despite a common belief that tobacco smoking increases the risk of developing the disease, the evidence linking the two is controversial. This study is important because it includes a very large sample of people to compare rates of HS in smokers and non‐smokers. Using healthcare data, the researchers identified 3 924 310 tobacco smokers and 8 027 790 non‐smokers in the USA and found that the overall incidence of HS was 0.20% among smokers and 0.11% among non‐smokers. Incidence of HS was greatest among smokers who were aged 30–39 years (0.35%), women (0.28%), African Americans (0.46%), and those with BMI ≥ 30. In conclusion, incidence of HS appears to be doubled among tobacco smokers. These findings may support evidence‐ased counselling to help people at risk of HS to quit smoking.ArticleMar 2018化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种痛苦的复发性慢性疾病,其炎症出现于大汗腺部位。这些腺体主要位于腋窝和腹股沟。在HS中,毛囊可能会被堵塞。这会导致烫伤样的肿块、部位化脓并留下疤痕。尽管普遍观念认为,吸烟会增加感染该疾病的风险,然而相关证据仍存在争议。本项研究的重要之处在于,它包含了相当大规模的人群样本,以比较HS在吸烟者和非吸烟者中的发病率。研究人员利用美国的医疗保健数据识别出3924310名吸烟者和8027790名非吸烟者,并且发现吸烟者和非吸烟者的HS总体发病率分别为0.20%和0.11%。吸烟者中以下人群的HS发病率最高:30~39岁的人(0.35%)、女性(0.28%)、非裔美国人(0.46%)和BMI≥30的人。结论是,吸烟者中的HS发病率比非吸烟者几乎翻了一番。这些发现可能可以支持基于证据的建议,以帮助具有HS患病风险的人戒烟。 Linked Article: Garg et al. Br J Dermatol 9–714