概述时态是“时间”+“状态”，是一个动作发生的“时间”和当时所处的“状态”时：现在(现在的时间)、过去(过去的时间)、将来(将来的时间)态：一般(常态)、进行(正在发生)、完成(已经结束)、完成进行(已完成但还在进行)一般态交待动作发生的时段；进行态表示一种持续性，有“正在”、“一直”的口吻；完成态表示“曾经”、“做过”的意思；完成进行态表示曾经一直在做1、一般时a、一般现在时He writes a letter every day. 他每天写一封信b、一般过去时He wrote a letter yesterday. 他昨天写了一封信c、一般将来时He will write a letter tomorrow. 他明天要写一封信d、一般过去将来时I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的2、完成时a、现在完成时He has written a letter. 他已经写好一封信b、过去完成时He had written a letter when I came. 我来的时候他已经写好一封信c、将来完成时He will have written a letter before I come. 我来之前他将会把信写好3、进行时a、现在进行时He is writing a letter now. 他现在在写信b、过去进行时He was writing a letter when I came. 我来时他正在写信c、将来进行时He will be writing a letter when I come. 我来时，他将在写信4、完成进行时a、现在完成进行时He has been writing a letter for two hours. 他已经连续写信两个小时了b、过去完成进行时He had been writing a letter for two hours by the time I came. 等到我来时他已经连续写信两个小时了c、将来完成进行时He will have been writing a letter for two hours by the time I come. 等到我来时他将已经连续写信两小时了一、一般现在时概念一般现在时主要用来表示事实或习惯句子中常有often、always、from time to time 等时间状语形式肯定形式：主语 + 动词原形(若主语为第三人称单数，则动词要改为第三人称单数形式)否定形式：若谓语是系动词，则为 am/is/are + not; 若谓语是行为动词，则在动词前面加 don't；若主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形前用 doesn't疑问形式：谓语是系动词时，把系动词置于句首；若谓语是行为动词，把 do 置于句首；若主语是第三人称单数，把 does 置于句首I wish you every success. 祝你成功He doesn't like playing computer games. 他不喜欢玩电脑游戏Do you like this movie? 你喜欢这部电影吗？用法1、表现在还存在的习惯或规律，尤其与频率副词 every day、always、never、seldom 等连用I usually get up early. 我通常起床很早He keeps a diary every day. 他每天写日记2、表示人或事物的特点，现在的状态He looks young. 他看起来很年轻3、表示真理、事实、格言，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时Time files. 光阴似箭I studied that the sun and the earth attract each other when I was young. 我小时候就知道太阳地球相互吸引4、飞机、火车等固定的航班，即使表将来，也用一般现在时The train arrives at six tomorrow.5、表将来状况，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时If he studies in school, he will learn more knowledge. 如果他在学校学习，他将能学到更多知识The more weakness you show, the more aggressive others will be. 你越示弱，别人劲头就越大二、现在进行时概念现在进行时表示在当下的一段时间内正在进行的某种活动，常用的时间状语有：now、at this time 等形式肯定形式：am/is/are + v-ing否定形式：am/is/are + not + v-ing疑问形式：be 置于句首It's raining outside. 外面正在下雨He's not fighting alone at this moment! 此刻，他不是一个人在战斗Are you surfing the Internet? 你正在上网吗？用法1、表现在正在做的动作He is writing a letter. 他正在写一封信What are you doing? 你正在做什么？2、表即将发生的动作，常与表将来的副词连用，用现在进行时表将来，此类动词多为 come、leave、fly 等表“到来”或“离去”的动词He is coming this afternoon. 他今天下午会来 = He will come this afternoonI'm leaving tomorrow. 我明天将离开3、在条件状语从句或时间状语从句中，可以用现在进行时表将来Be careful when you are crossing the busy street. 当你穿过拥挤的马路时要小心三、现在完成时概念现在完成时表示过去动作已经完成，但对现在的情况仍有一定的影响；也可以表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：recently、lately、since..for..、in the past few years、just、already、yet、up to now、till now、so far、these days 等形式肯定形式：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not + done疑问形式：把 have/has 置于句首I've just finished my work now. 我刚完成工作It hasn't rained for half a year in that place. 那个地方已经半年没有下雨了Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗？用法1、表到现在为止已完成的动作，可单独存在I have just written the letter. 我刚把信写完He hasn't come yet. 他还没来凡无过去的时间副词，则可使用现在完成时，表已发生的事实He has come. In fact, he came two minutes ago.2、表到现在为止曾做过的经历，常与 never、before、a few times 等频率副词连用I have been to Alaska before. 我曾去过阿拉斯加I have seen her three times. 我曾见过她三次3、表到现在为止仍在继续的动作或状态，等于现在完成进行时She has studied English since 2001. 自 2001 年起她就一直在学英语= She has been studying English since 2001.4、 for + 时间段、since + 时间点，表“自从”的用法，所修饰的动词均使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时I have lived here for five years. 我已经在这里住了五年了I have lived here since 1995. 我从1995年开始就住在这儿了5、如果句中含有表示“最近一段时间以来”的时间状语，over/during/in/for/through the past/last + 一段时间，比如 over the past few years、in the past few days、during the last two months、for the last few centuries、through centuries、throughout history 等，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时I have been a teacher over the past few years. 在过去的几年里我一直是个老师He has been working very hard over the past 10 days. 过去 10 天他一直很努力四、现在完成进行时概念表示从过去某一时间开始一起延续到现在的动作，这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来常用的时间状语有：since + 时间点；for + 时间段形式肯定形式：have/has + been + doing否定形式：have/has + not + been + doing疑问形式：把 have/has 置于句首I have been sitting here for an hour. 我已经在这里坐了一个小时了He hasn't been working for me. 他并没有给我工作过What have you been doing? 你们最近到底在做什么用法1、表示从过去某一时间开始一起持续到现在且仍将继续下去的动作句型： have been + 现在分词 一直都在从事...She has been working with this company for nearly 20 years. 她在这家公司已经服务将近 20 年2、比较现在完成时及现在完成进行时的不同现在完成时更强调动作的完成，并未说明该动作以后是否仍会继续下去；而现在完成进行时则除强调动作自过去持续到现在，将来也仍将可能持续下去I have learned English for six years. 我英语已经学了 6 年了I have been learning English for six years. 我英语已经学了 6 年了，将来可能还会学下去五、一般过去式概念一般过去式表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作，而且这个动作已经结束了常用时间状语有：yesterday、last week、in 1945、once、before、a few days ago、when 等形式肯定形式：主语 + was/were 或行为动词的过去式 + 宾语否定形式：was/were + not 或 在行为动词前加 didn't疑问形式：was/were 或 did 置于句首We often practiced playing basketball last year. 去年我们经常练习打篮球I didn't go to school yesterday. 我昨天没有去学校Did you have the meeting yesterday? 昨天你们开会了吗？用法1、表过去的动作、习惯、状态，凡有过去的时间副词，只能使用一般过去时He came here yesterday. 他昨天来过这里I sent a gift to my girlfriend last night. 我昨晚送了一份礼物给女友2、used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作He used to drink a lot. 他过去常喝很多酒3、用过去时表示现在，表委婉语气包括 could、would、want、hope、wonder、think、intend 等Could you lend me your dictionary? 我能借一下你的字典吗？Did you want anything else? 你还要想点其他的东西吗？I wondered if you could come here. 我想知道你能否来这里4、在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时来代替过去将来I would not leave until your mom came back. 你妈妈回来我再离开Susan said she wouldn't come to visit me if it rained the next day. 苏珊说如果第二天下雨就不来看我了六、过去进行时概念过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：at this time yesterday、at that time、this morning、the whole morning、all day yesterday、from nine to ten last evening、when、while 等形式肯定形式：was/were + doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing疑问形式：把 was/were 放在句首I was reading aloud while my brother was watching TV. 我弟弟在看电视时我在大声读书She wasn't doing her homework when I got home. 当我到家时，她没有做作业Were you cooking the breakfast at eight yesterday morning? 昨天早上八点你在做早餐吗？用法1、表过去某时正在做的动作When I walked in, he was writing a letter. 我进行时，他正在写信I was studying English then. 当时我正在学习英语2、表过去即将发生的动作I called John, who told me that he was coming soon. 我打电话给约翰，他告诉我他很快就会来3、while 表“当”时，所引导的从句多用过去进行时He called while I was taking a bath. 我正在洗澡时，他打了电话过来七、过去完成时概念过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”完成的动作常用的时间状语有：before、until、when、after、once、as soon as、by the end of last year 等形式肯定形式：had + done否定形式：had + not + done疑问形式：had 置于句首When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 当警察赶来时，小偷已经跑了He said that he hadn't learned any English before. 他说他以前没有学过英语Had she left the office when Miss Li went to get a book? 当李小姐去拿书时她已经离开办公室了吗？用法1、表截至过去某时为止所完成的动作、经历，须与一般过去时或表过去的副词短语连用。先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时He had left by the time I arrived. 等到我来时，他已经先离开了He told me he had seen the movie. 他告诉我他曾看过这部电影2、当动词为 hope、expect、think、intend、mean、want、suppose、plan 时，用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图I had hoped that I could get the job. 我真希望我能得到这份工作I had expected to see you but I was too busy. 我盼望能去见你，但是我太忙了3、表示“第几次做某事”，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时That was the first time that she had seen her father. 那是她第一次见到她的父亲It was five years since we had left our hometown. 我们离开家乡已经五年了4、与过去完成时连用的时间状语有很多，依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。常用在下面固定句型中not.. long before 才.. 没多久就..
by the time 等到...时，已经... The train had left by the time I got to the station. 等到我抵达车站时，火车已经走了He had not left long before Mary came. 他才离开没多久玛丽就来了当主句跟由before、after、as soon as/the moment/the minute 一...就... 所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了八、过去完成进行时概念表示从过去的过去一起延续到过去某个时间点，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然地进行。如同过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时通常不能单独存在，须与一般过去时连用形式肯定形式： had been + doing否定形式： had been + not + doing疑问形式：把 had 置于句首She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒这种时态很少用于否定句中，多以过去完成时的否定形式代替He had not practiced English for many years. 他许多年没有练习英语了 (普通说法)He had not been practicing English for many years. (少见)用法I had been writing the report for almost five hours when he came. 他来时，这份报告我已经写了近 5 个小时He told me that he had been studying Japanese since he was 10. 他告诉我他自 10 岁起就一直在学习日语九、一般将来时 概念一般将来时表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况常用的时间状语有：tomorrow、next day(week、month、year...)、soon、in a few minutes、by... 等形式肯定形式：am/is/are + going to do; will/shall + do否定形式：am/is/are + not + going to do; will/shall + not + do疑问形式：am/is/are 放在句首；或把 will/shall 放在句首Our school will hold the sports meeting in July. 我们学校七月将举行运动会He isn't going to buy that house. 他不会买那套房子Are you going to do shopping tomorrow? 你明天去购物吗？用法1、表示将来会某个时间会发生的事情He is going to visit me tomorrow. 他明天会见我They will leave this afternoon. 今天下午他们就要离开2、表将来或条件的状态从句一定要用一般现在时，而主句则用一般将来时When I have money, I will buy a car. 如果我有钱，我会买辆车We will begin our party as soon as Tom comes. 汤姆一来，我们的派对就开始3、祈使句 + and/or，后面的句子用一般将来时Use you head and you will find a way. 动动脑子，你就能找到办法十、将来进行时概念将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的动作。常用的时间状语有：soon、tomorrow、this evening、on Sunday、by this time、tomorrow、in two day、tomorrow evening 等形式肯定形式：will/shall be + doing否定形式：will/shall not be + doing疑问形式：把 will/shall 置于句首The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. 部长将就国际事务发表演讲Nancy will not be doing exercise tomorrow morning. 南希明天早上这会儿不会是在锻炼身体Will you be having the meeting this time tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午这个时候你是在开会吗？用法用以表示未来会持续进行的动作I will be studying English at this time tomorrow. 我明天此时将会在学习英语I'll be waiting in the parking lot. 我将会在停车场等Who will be looking after the garden? 谁将会照看花园？I will not be seeing him anymore. 我将不会再与他约会十一、将来完成时概念将来完成时表示在将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。常用的时间状语有：by the time of；by the end of + 时间短语；by the time + 从句 等形式肯定形式：be going to/will/shall + have done否定形式：be going to/will/shall + not + have done疑问形式：把 will/shall 放在句首By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for my new job. 到下个周二，我将为我的新工作做好准备We will not have made a good preparation for the exams by the end of this week. 到这个周末我们还没有做好考试的准备Will you have finished this experiment by the end of this term? 到这个期末你们将完成这个实验吗？用法表到将来某时为止已完成或仍在进行的动作或经历，常与 by (到...为止)形式的时间副词短语连用I will have finished the work by 10 tonight. 今晚 10 点以前，我将会把这工作完成I will have had my car washed by the time you arrive. 等到你来时，我将已把车洗好了十二、将来完成进行时概念表示一直继续到将来某时，而仍将继续进行的动作。往往与by(到...为止)形成的时间副词短语连用形式肯定形式：be going to/will/shall + have been doing否定形式：be going to/will/shall + not + have been doing疑问形式：把 will/shall 放在句首用法I will have been teaching English for 30 years by the end of this year. 到今年年底我教英语将已经 30 年了He will have been working all day. 他将整天忙于工作十三、一般过去将来时概念一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。形式肯定形式：1、 was/were + going to + 动词原形2、would + 动词原形3、was/were + 动词不定式否定形式：1、 was/were + not + going to + 动词原形2、would + not + 动词原形疑问形式：把 was/were 或 would 放在句首用法1、would+动词原形 和 was/were + going to + 动词原形，表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发2、was/were + going to + 动词原形 表示一开始打算做某事，后来却没做I was going to email Rachel, but I forgot. 我打算发送电子邮件给Rachel，但是我忘了Peter was going to come, but he is sick. Peter打算来，但是他病了I thought it was going to snow. 我以为会下雪3、was/were + 动词不定式 表示定于过去某时将要做某事He told me that we were to leave at 2:30pm.他告诉我我们下午两点半动身He was to meet her at 10 outside the cinema. 他约定和她10点钟在电影院外见面