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第六章 NCBI数据模型
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你可能喜欢Isolated aerobic exercise and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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):747-55. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed..Isolated aerobic exercise and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.1, , , , , , , , , .1Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.AbstractBACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is a common nonpharmacological intervention for the management of obesity. However, the efficacy of isolated aerobic exercise at promoting weight loss is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of isolated aerobic exercise programs in overweight and obese populations.METHODS: We searched for published randomized controlled trial reports of aerobic exercise through January 20, 2010. Trials with an isolated aerobic exercise intervention were included. A random-effect model was used to synthesize the results of each intervention.RESULTS: We identified 14 trials involving 1847 patients. The duration of aerobic exercise programs ranged from 12 weeks to 12 months. Results were pooled for programs with 6-month duration and programs with 12-month duration. Six-month programs were associated with a modest reduction in weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-1.6 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.64 to -1.56) and waist circumference (WMD=-2.12 95% CI, -2.81 to -1.44). Twelve-month programs also were associated with modest reductions in weight (WMD=-1.7 95% CI, -2.29 to -1.11) and waist circumference (WMD=-1.95 95% CI, -3.62 to -0.29).CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programs of 6-12 months induce a modest reduction in weight and waist circumference in overweight and obese populations. Our results show that isolated aerobic exercise is not an effective weight loss therapy in these patients. Isolated aerobic exercise provides modest benefits to blood pressure and lipid levels and may still be an effective weight loss therapy in conjunction with diets.Copyright (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .A simpler method for total scalp irradiation: the multijaw-size concave arc technique.
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2014 Jul 8;15(4):4786. doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v15i4.4786.A simpler method for total scalp irradiation: the multijaw-size concave arc technique.1, , , , , , , .1Kyoto University. .AbstractThe lateral electron-photon technique (LEPT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) are commonly used for total scalp irradiation. However, the treatment planning and irradiation are laborious and time-consuming. We herein present the multijaw-size concave arc technique (MCAT) as a total scalp irradiation method that overcomes these problems. CT datasets for eight patients previously treated for angiosarcoma of the scalp were replanned using MCAT, LEPT, and IMRT. The MCAT was designed with a dynamic conformal arc for the total scalp, with a multileaf collimator to shield the brain. Two additional conformal arcs with a decreased upper-jaw position of the first dynamic conformal arc were used to reduce the cranial hotspots. The prescribed dose was 40 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV, defined as the total scalp plus a 4 mm margin). MCAT was compared with LEPT and IMRT with respect to the PTV dose homogeneity (D5%-95%), underdosage (V & 90%), overdosage (V & 110%), doses to the brain, and the delivery time and monitor units (MUs) for single irradiation. We were able to formulate treatment plans for all three techniques that could deliver the prescription dose in all patients. MCAT was significantly superior to LEPT with respect to PTV dose homogeneity, overdosage, and underdosage, although MCAT was inferior to IMRT with respect to dose homogeneity and overdosage. The mean brain dose and high-dosage volume of all three techniques were low, but IMRT provided larger volume to the brain than did the other two techniques in the low dosage region. In MCAT, the mean delivery time could be reduced by approximately half or more, and the mean MUs could be reduced by at least 100 compared to the other two techniques. MCAT can achieve total scalp irradiation with substantially fewer MUs and a shorter delivery time than LEPT and IMRT. PMID:
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External link. Please review our .Quantification and statistical modeling--part I: breathing-zone concentrations of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
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):677-89. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mep046. Epub
2009 Jul 21.Quantification and statistical modeling--part I: breathing-zone concentrations of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.1, , , , , , , .1Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC , USA.AbstractWe conducted a repeated exposure-assessment survey for task-based breathing-zone concentrations (BZCs) of monomeric and polymeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) during spray painting on 47 automotive spray painters from North Carolina and Washington State. We report here the use of linear mixed modeling to identify the primary determinants of the measured BZCs. Both one-stage (N = 98 paint tasks) and two-stage (N = 198 paint tasks) filter sampling was used to measure concentrations of HDI, uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate. The geometric mean (GM) level of isocyanurate (1410 microg m(-3)) was higher than all other analytes (i.e. GM & 7.85 microg m(-3)). The mixed models were unique to each analyte and included factors such as analyte-specific paint concentration, airflow in the paint booth, and sampler type. The effect of sampler type was corroborated by side-by-side one- and two-stage personal air sampling (N = 16 paint tasks). According to paired t-tests, significantly higher concentrations of HDI (P = 0.0363) and isocyanurate (P = 0.0035) were measured using one-stage samplers. Marginal R(2) statistics were calcu significant fixed effects were able to describe 25, 52, 54, and 20% of the variability in BZCs of HDI, uretidone, biuret, and isocyanurate, respectively. Mixed models developed in this study characterize the processes governing individual polyisocyanate BZCs. In addition, the mixed models identify ways to reduce polyisocyanate BZCs and, hence, protect painters from potential adverse health effects.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2758668 Molecular structures of HDI monomer and its oligomers.Ann Occup Hyg. ):677-689.MeSH TermsSubstancesGrant SupportFull Text SourcesOther Literature SourcesMedicalMolecular Biology Databases
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External link. Please review our .Differences in C metabolism of ash species and provenances as a consequence of root oxygen deprivation by waterlogging.
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):4335-45. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp268. Epub
2009 Aug 28.Differences in C metabolism of ash species and provenances as a consequence of root oxygen deprivation by waterlogging.1, , , , .1Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-K?hler-Allee 053, Freiburg i. B., Germany. carsten.jaeger@ctp.uni-freiburg.deAbstractThe waterlogging tolerance and the physiological responses to this stress were tested in seedlings of Fraxinus angustifolia, an ash tree inhabiting riparian forests, and two provenances of the closely related Fraxinus excelsior, one derived from a riparian forest (FER) and one from a mountainous region (FEM). Besides visible damage, physiological parameters reflecting adaptations of plants to waterlogging such as net CO(2) assimilation, alcoholic fermentation, and the concentrations of metabolites related to flooding responses were studied. Consistent with the higher flooding tolerance of F. angustifolia and FER compared with FEM, net assimilation remained unaffected in F. angustifolia, was slightly reduced in FER, but was strongly affected in FEM. Altered carbohydrate concentrations in the roots of the seedlings suggest differences in the ability to supply alcoholic fermentation with substrate during prolonged periods of soil anoxia. Another difference between the seedlings was connected to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt which resulted in alanine accumulation in the flooding-tolerant trees, but strong GABA accumulation in the more sensitive FEM seedlings. This finding indicates differences in GABA conversion into alanine which might result in an accumulation of phytotoxic levels of intermediates. Such provenance-specific differences in Common ash suggest that the selection of appropriate provenances is essential for forest management in flood-prone areas.PMID:
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