试题分析：本文的主要内容是：我是一名在美国教了17年书的教师，信心满满的来中国教书。却发现由于文化的差异，我的教育理念和学生们的并不同。在和中国学生在一起的日子，我学会了处在不同的文化背景下，如何去教学生。
1.根据I also learned a lot,
and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a better American
teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture,故选B。
2.根据Having taught in the US
for seventeen years，可知我并不怀疑我的能力，故选C。
3.这里想表达我对母语文学的赞赏给他们留下深刻的印象，impress
给 ……以深刻印象 put 放 leave离开fix固定，故选A。
4.这里想表达班长大声喊“起立”，Attention注意 Look out当心 At ease 安逸 Stand up起立，故选D。
5.&根据but once
that awkwardness was over,可知我有些困惑，故选A
6.根据and began what I thought
was a fact-packed lecture, sure to gain their respect可知我重新恢复了冷静，故选C。
7.这里想表达甚至是他们的钦佩，more更多even甚至 yet 但是 still依然，故选B。
8.这里想表达我的学生们一直坚持写日记，passed走过 borrowed借来 read读 kept坚持，故选D。
9.根据by a strong sense of
sadness，故选A。
10.根据Our literature teacher
didn’t teach us anything today以及her next lecture will be
better可知这里表示猜测，可能，故选B。
11.根据Didn’t I teach them
anything?可知他们表达得相似的主题，故选C。
12.根据all the works we’ll
study in class以及I thought a teacher’s job was to raise
interesting questions and provide enough background，可知我为他们说明了我们课上所学的文学作品的历史背景，故选D。
13.这里想说他们怎么能说我什么都没教他们呢？should表示说话人惊奇、愤怒、失望等情感，故选A。
14.根据It was a long term以及my ideas about education were not the same as those of
my students，可知我逐渐明白了，故选D。
15.这里想说我的教育理念和我的学生们不同，这里需要用人称代词的复数，故选C。
16.这里想说我认为教师的工作就是提出一个有趣的问题，提供足够的背景，然后让学生自己得出结论，difficult困难的
interesting有趣的 ordinary普通的
unusual不同寻常的，故选B。
17.固定用法draw a conclusion 得出结论，故选A。
18.根据as directly and clearly
as possible，故选C。
19.表示转折，然而我学到了很多。Therefore因此 However然而 Besides此外 Though尽管，故选B。
20.根据knowing how to teach in
a different culture，故选D。
考点：这是一篇记叙文
点评：答题前一定要略读全文，把握文章要表达的主题，注意前后句与句，段落与段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一遍文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。
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科目：高中英语
来源：年山东省济南市某重点中学高二下学期期末考试英语试卷
题型：完型填空
There was a terrible rainstorm unexpectedly. The rain caused the streets 36 and the subway system almost came to a stop. Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 37 to go home. Some struggled to __38 &a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the ___39_ bravely, walking miles to get to work. I& 40 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most _41_had stopped. After making my way __42__ crowds of people. I finally found a subway line that was __43_. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to __44 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the& 45 .So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train __46 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I got to my office, I was _47_ through, exhausted and 48. My co-workers and I spend most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49_I received an email from Garth, my Director: I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 50 reported to work. It is always relaxing, at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 51 to their jobs. Thank you. Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that& 52& message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of __53 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic __54_ had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately __55__ me and put a smile back on my face. 【小题1】A．breakB．floodC．sinkD．crash【小题2】A．forcedB．refusedC．adjustedD．gathered【小题3】A．orderB．payC．callD．search【小题4】A．climateB．sceneryC．stormD．burden【小题5】A．usedB．promisedC．deservedD．happened【小题6】A．practiceB．routineC．processD．service【小题7】A．toB．throughC．overD．for【小题8】A．operatingB．cyclingC．turningD．rushing【小题9】A．checkB．carryC．findD．board【小题10】A．streetB．groundC．floorD．platform【小题11】A．pausedB．crossedC．reachedD．parked【小题12】A．wetB．weakC．sickD．hurt【小题13】A．ashamedB．discouragedC．surprisedD．puzzled【小题14】 A, while&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. when&&&&&&&& C.where &&D.after 【小题15】A．hardlyB．casuallyC．absolutelyD．eventually【小题16】A．devotionB．donationC．connectionD．reaction【小题17】A．accurateB．urgentC．briefD．humorous【小题18】A．promiseB．appreciationC．adviceD．guidance【小题19】A．troublesB．signalsC．rulesD．signs【小题20】A．correctedB．supportedC．amazedD．refreshed
科目：高中英语
来源：四川省南充高中学年度高二下学期4月月考
题型：完型填空
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth Hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn’t long to live, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close to mine on the floor.“Frank!” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 36 , as I knew, but all the time pressing his foot against mine. My& 37& raced back more than thirty years ---to the& 38& days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The place was air-raid shelter, in which I and about one hundred other people&& 39& every night. Two of the& 40& were Mrs West and her son Frank. 41& wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to& 42& each other very well. Frank West&& 43& me because he wasn’t& 44& not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had less of a mind than a baby he has. His“ 45 ”considered of rough sounds---sounds of pleasure or anger---and& 46& more. Mrs West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman,& 47 she had to be of course, because Frank &48 &on her entirely. He needed all the& 49& of a baby. One night a policeman came and told Mrs West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She lost everything she owned. 50 that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the& 51 &ones. So before we& 52&& that morning, I stood& 53& Frank and& 54& my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for Frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his& 55& to me was always the same.36．A．answer&&&&&&&& B．speak&&&&&&&C．smile&&&&&&&& D．laugh37．A．minds&&&&&&B．memories&&&& C．thoughts&&&&& D．brains38．A．better&&&&&&& B．dark&&&&&&&&&& C．younger&&&&&& D．high39．A．slept&&&&&&&&& B．worked&&&&&&& C．studied&&&&&&& D．lived40．A．customers&&&& B．regulars&&&&&&& C．visitors&&&&&&&& D．mornbers41．A．Discussion&&& B．Solving&&&&&&& C．Sharing&&&&&&& D．Suffering42．A．learn from&&& B．talk to&&&&&&&& C．help&&&&&&&&&&D．know43．A．needed&&&&&&&&&&&&B．recognized&&& C．interested&&&&& D．encouraged44．A．normal&&&&&&&& B．common&&&&& C．unusual&&&&&&& D．quick45．A．word&&&&&&&&& B．speech&&&&&&& C．sentence&&&&&& D．language46．A．not&&&&&&&&&&B．no&&&&&&&&&&&&C．something&&&& D．nothing47．A．though&&&&&&& B．yet&&&&&&&&&&C．as&&&&&&&&&&&D．so48．A．fed&&&&&&&&&&B．kept&&&&&&&&C．lived&&&&&&&D．depended49．A．attention&&&&&& B．control&&&&&& C．treatment&&&&& D．management50．A．While&&&&&&B．Until&&&&&&&&C．Unless&&&&&&D．When51．A．lost&&&&&&&&&&B．unlucky&&&&&&& C．angry&&&&&&& D．unpopular52．A．separated&&&&&& B．went&&&&&&&&C．reunited&&&&&D．Returned 53．A．beside&&&&&&B．against&&&&&&C．at&&&&&&&&&&&&D．on54．A．push&&&&&&&&B．tried&&&&&&&&C．showed&&&&&&&& D．measured55．A．speaking&&&&&& B．greeting&&&&&&& C．meeting&&&&&&& D．Acting
科目：高中英语
来源：2016届河北省遵化市高一上学期期中质量检测英语试卷（解析版）
题型：完型填空
On Sundays my father always wore that gray apron(围裙)—the one with the race cars all over it. The ritual (老规矩) began. &&&&&&breakfast
when Dad always announced, “Go ahead everyone. I’ll &&&&&&the
dishes!” For the next hour Dad did the dishes, singing ballads (歌谣) like “I Had a Hat When I Came in.” and “Who Put the
Chow in Mrs. Marphy’s Chowder?”
I suppose it was &&&&&&&for
a boy’s father to wear an apron—even one with race cars— &&&&&&&I
never thought much of it until the day that Dad broke with tradition. It was
the last Sunday in August. As we &&&&&&&home
slowly from church together, my father seemed very &&&&&&.
“Tommy,” he said letting my name roll off his &&&&&&.
“There comes a time in every boy’s &&&&&&&when
he must take on responsibilities. It’s time you &&&&&&&a
greater role in the family. From now on, I want you to &&&&&&&the
dishes on Sunday morning, so your mother and I can work the crossword puzzle (纵横字谜) together.”
“The dishes!?” I &&&&&&&in
surprise.
“Anything wrong with taking over the dishes, son?”
father said.
I started to say something about a man’s &&&&&&&or
woman’s work, but I knew immediately that my protests (抗议) would be &&&&&&&.
I didn’t taste a bit of &&&&&&that
morning. Dad seemed joyful as he described an American game.[]
At the end of the meal, my father &&&&&&&,
“Let’s go to read the paper, honey.” “Aren’t you doing the dishes?” my 51
asked surprisedly. Father smiled and said, “your oldest son has &&&&&&&to
fill the position.”
“I want you to have this apron on, Tommy. It’ll keep
your clothes from getting &&&&&&&.”
And before I could go against it, he had put the thing on me. “Thanks, Son.
Your mother and I &&&&&&&this.”
With that he disappeared into the Sunday paper. I
looked &&&&&&&at the dishes. I could
see my dad reaching for the dishes. He was always happy to help the family. My
anger soon flew off and I began to sing.
1.A. Until&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
During&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. Before&&&&&& &&& D. After
2.A. keep up&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. take care of&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. look for&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
turn over
3.A. important&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. natural&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. strange&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
exciting
4.A. but&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. so&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. because&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
when
5.A. rushed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. hurried&&&&&&&&&& &
C. walked&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
danced
6.A. happy&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
angry&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. sad&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
mad
7.A. eyes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. tongue&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. ears&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.hands
8.A. death&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
school &&&&&&&&& &&C.
work&&&&&&&&&& D. life
9.A. made&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
played&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. did&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
carried
10.A. do&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. buy&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. break&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
set
11.A. smiled&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. laughed&&&&&&&&&& &
C. whispered D. screamed
12.A. game&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. joy&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. job&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
feeling
13.A. turned down&&& &&&
B. turned to &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&C.
turned up&&&&&&&&&& D. turned
off
14.A. breakfast&&&&&&&&& B.
lunch&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. supper&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
juice
15.A. ordered&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. announced&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. demanded&&&&&&&&& D. chatted
16.A. brother&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. sister&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. mother&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
friend
17.A. started&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. gone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. managed&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
offered
18.A. cold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
warm&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. dry&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
wet
19.A. hate&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.
scold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. appreciate&&&&&&&&& D. require
20.A. up&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&
B. down&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &
C. out&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.
on
科目：高中英语
来源：2015届广东省高一3月月考英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
&“Last week,” Dr. P said “I was invited to a
doctors’ meeting at the R. Hospital. In one of the rooms a patient, an old man,
got up from his bed and moved slowly towards me. I could see that he hadn’t
long to live, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close to mine on
the floor.”
“Frank!” I cried with surprise. He couldn’t answer as
I knew, but he tried to smile, all the time keeping his foot close to mine.
My thoughts raced back more than thirty years—to the
dark days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The scene was an air-raid
shelter (防空洞), in which I and about a hundred other
people slept every night. Among them were Mrs. West and her son Frank, who
lived nearby. Sharing wartime problems, we got to know each other very well.
Frank interested me because he was not normal (正常的).
He had never been normal, ever since he was born. His mother told me he was 37
then, but he had less of a mind than a baby has. Mrs. West, then about 75, was
a strong, able woman, as she had to be of course, because Frank depended on her
completely. He needed all the attention of a baby.
One night a policeman came into our shelter and told
Mrs. West that her house had been all destroyed. That wasn’t quite true,
because the West went on living there for quite some time. But they certainly
lost nearly everything they owned.
When that kind of thing happened, the rest of us
helped the unlucky ones. So before we separated (分别)
that morning, I stood beside Frank and measured my right foot against his.
They were about the same size. That night, then, I
took a spare pair of shoes to the shelter for Frank. As soon as he saw me, he
came running—and placed his right foot against mine. After that, he always
greeted (问候) me in the same way.
1.How did Dr P know that the patient was Frank?
A．He was told
that Frank was in the hospital.
B．He was
invited to study Frank’s illness.
C．Frank greeted
him in a special way.
D．Frank’s name was written on the door.
2.When and where did Dr. P first meet Frank?
A．At the R
Hospital about ten days before.
B．In an
air-raid shelter during the war.
C．In Mrs. West’s house in 1941.
D．In London
after the West’s’ house was
destroyed.
3.The unlucky ones mentioned by the doctor were
__________.
A．those who
suffered from illness.
B．those who
were killed during the war
C．those who
slept in the air-raid shelter.
D．those whose
homes were destroyed in air-raids
4.Dr. P placed his foot against Fran’s before he left
the shelter.
A．to find out
if Frank could put on his shoes
B．to be
friendly towards Frank
C．to see if
Frank’s feet were normal
D．to teach
Frank to greet people in a special way
5.Why did Dr P say that Mrs West had to be a strong,
able woman?
A．She was over
75.
B．She needed
all the attention of a baby.
C．She had to
give care and thought to her son as to a baby.
D．She lost
nearly everything in the war.
科目：高中英语
来源：学年安徽省高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）
题型：阅读理解
I woke up late and had breakfast in a
hurry. I had never been late and didn’t want my boss to be unsatisfied.
However, it seemed that day wasn’t a lucky
one for me from the very second I left my flat. The moment I wanted to rush
downstairs one of my stiletto heels (细高跟) broke. I had to return to change my red shoes.
I also had to change my purse and other little things that I had tried to match
with the shoes. I was sure I would be late for work.
On my way to work I had to wait for over
half an hour because of an accident. I had no choice but to wait. I phoned my
boss and he told me that it was no problem, but he needed me for the meeting
with the Japanese clients (客户) that morning.
Finally, I arrived at the office one hour
later. I had to keep calm and be fresh for the meeting to make the clients sure
that our plan was the best for their future commercial (商业的) project. However, I left
the plan I had made the night before at home and was going to present (介绍) it to the clients. I was
about to get angry when I realized that I had a draft (草稿) of it in my office.
At last, the presentation came to an end
and it turned out to be a success. But I have to say that I had a terrible day,
full of incidents (事件).
1.Which of the following is NOT the reason
of the writer being late for her work?
A．She got up late in the morning.
B．She changed her purse and other little things.
C．One of her shoe heels broke.
D．She had a traffic accident on the way to work.
2. According to the passage, what could we
learn about the writer?
A．Her boss was very angry with her.
B．She often arrived at her office on time.
C．She left her plan on the bus.
D．She was nervous at the meeting.
3.What did the clients think of the
writer’s presentation (介绍)?
B．Just so-so.
C．Excellent.
D．Terrible.
4.According to the passage, which is the
correct order of the following events?
a. She presented the plan to the clients.
b. One of her stiletto heels broke.
c. She arrived at the office.
d. She phoned her boss.
e. She tried to match her purse with her red
shoes.
5. Which old saying could be used to
describe the writer’s incidents?
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．A good beginning makes a good ending.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．One trouble never comes alone.英语语法中，一般过去时态与现在完成时态到底有什么区别？
前新东方老语法教师提出的问题，她感叹说：这个问题困扰了她好几年！国际注册会计师肄业生认为：现在完成时在时间轴上比一般过去时更往后一些。外交世家之女说：现在完成时强调的是对现在产生影响的过去，一般过去时就是过去发生了一事儿。我，15流民间翻译家觉得：要从语境和语意来理解。当我们站在b点，如果说：我离开了a，那就使用一般过去时态；如果说：我是从a来到的b，那就用现在完成时。就如同小说中“故事”与“情节”的差异：故事是讲“发生了什么”，是一般过去时；情节讲的是“为什么发生”，是现在完成时??这个问题我们讨论了一晚上，谁也不能说服谁。有一下子就能说明白的答案吗？
按投票排序
汉语和英语描述动作与时间的思路不同，所以汉语母语的人自然而然理解不清楚英语的一般过去时与现在完成时之别。就像说普通话的人对爆破音清浊的分辨能力很弱，西方人学汉语声调很困难等。下面是胡扯：不少语言里都有「未完成」与「完成」这种对立概念。未完成体强调动作发生，而完成体强调事情已完成并且与后来的事情有关、对当前讨论的话题有影响。英语里，一般过去时同时带有「未完成」的意味，与现在完成时对立。虽然术语上可以说是「未完成」，但不要被这个误导──英语的一般过去时只是不强调完成而已，真正强调未完成的是各种进行时。从用法上讲就简单多了，大家肯定也都会用，只是偶尔犯晕。比如：「I drank a glass of milk.」这讲的纯粹是我做了什么──「我喝了一杯奶」，这是我过去某时某地做的一件事。我为什么要说这个呢？或许是有人问吃了什么早饭。「I've drunk a glass of milk.」这通常还是可以译为「我喝了一杯奶」，但强调的内容和讲话的目的很不一样。此时我说这个可能是因为妈妈早餐时又倒了一杯豆浆，而我因为已经喝了一杯奶而喝不下更多了，于是时常我们还会加强语气，说「I've already drunk a glass of milk.」所以我觉得 @困困 在问题补充说明里说得已经很清楚了……这些时体态用法本来就是在微妙地表达语意，如果能一下子说明，就不会发展出不同的时体态变化了，统统用虚词注明就好了……所以用「旁观」的文字来描述它们的区别是很苍白的，还是得靠例句。可以和朋友们设想各种场景，看看大家都会怎么表述，再谈谈自己那样表述的原因，于是或许大家实际对这俩时态的用法都一样，只是跳出来分析的时候视角不同。掩面……我觉得真不该来搅这语法和语感的浑水……请我把折叠起来……
我很喜欢题主自己的理解方式，一般过去时通常没有什么深层含义，目的就是陈述事实，只是刚好这个事实发生在过去某一个时间点、至今已经“停止发生”，而且与目前的状况没有任何交集，必须选用过去时态来表达；现在完成时就复杂了很多，我找到了一个对比表格，区别一目了然：Unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present:I've known Julie for ten years (and I still know her).Finished actions:I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved away and we lost touch).A finished action in someone's life (when the person is still alive: life experience):My brother has been to Mexico three times.A finished action in someone's life (when the person is dead):My great-grandmother went to Mexico three times.A finished action with a result in the present:I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't get into my house now).A finished action with no result in the present:I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now there is no result. I got new keys yesterday).With an unfinished time word (this week, this month, today):I've seen John this week.With a finished time word (last week, last month, yesterday):I saw John last week.
“一般” 和 “完成” 都是谓语动词的 “态”。“一般” 的含义是不跨越时间段，不会从过去跨越到现在、或从现在跨越到未来。“完成” 的含义是跨越时间段且动作已完成。现在完成时：过去的动作影响到现在，将来完成时：现在的动作影响到将来。另两个“态”是“进行”和“完成进行”，这里无关答题所以不再赘述。举例说明：如果你想向别人交代你去年国庆节的行踪，你可以说：I went to Brazil. 因为你过去的行踪与你现在的位置没有任何联系，那次巴西之旅没有对现在造成影响，没有跨越时间段。如果你想向别人炫耀自己积累的旅游经历，你可以说：I have been to Brazil. 因为那次巴西之旅到现在还是你的谈资，影响到了现在，跨越了时间段。同一次巴西之旅，在不同情境下，你要选择不同的时态来叙述。＊特别规定：如果一个动作是跨越了过去、现在和将来，亘古不变，则特别指定使用一般现在时。例如：Light travels much faster than sound does.
如果你用了过去时，以英语为母语的人往往会下意识的质疑『现在还是那样吗？』比如这段话：- Is he your friend?- Was.意思是他现在不是了（死了？）。这种『曾经，而现在可能非』的语气，在使用 did 的时候更为强调。所以，当你陈述事情有所改变的时候又要描述背景历史，一定要用过去时。英语的时态是个很有意思的东西。英语母语者和非母语者的下意识理解很不一样。比如『你们不能做这事』我们会下意识地说：You can't (mustn't) do this.其实英语母语者一般说：You don't do this.理解英文语态最好的方式是从影视作品的对白和演员的表情相对照。和其它方面不同，这是我唯一推崇从影视作品学习英语的地方。而且这个方面并不太难，接触过十几部影片之后都会有所了解。
Rule of thumb: 如果说过去的事情，中文的句子会包含『已经』或『了』的字眼，那就可以用现在完成时；否则就用一般过去时。现在完成时更加强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。一般过去时只单纯描述事情发生在过去。
仅关注事实本身的，用一般过去时。还有言外之意的用现在完成时。 反过来：听到一般过去时可以左耳朵进右耳朵出；听到现在完成时可能要想一下，嗯？什么意思？ 非要说区别就是，一般过去时直不楞登，现在完成时委婉甚至隐晦。 看一下@flowercold的例句： 一般过去时：I made love with her yesterday. 可能的解释：1. 我干的。2. 我昨天干的。3. 我和她干的（而不是和你说的那个）。 现在完成时：I have made love with her by now. 可能的解释：1. 生米已经做成熟饭，你们看着办吧。2. 啊？你怎么不早说？3. 不好意思，她已经是我的人了。
关于英语时态，我看过这组句子之后，一下子就记住了。一般现在时:I make love with her everyday.一般过去时:I made love with her yesterday.一般将来时:I will make love with her tomorrow.现在进行时:I am making love with her.过去进行时:I was making love with her at this time yesterday.将来进行时:I will be making love with her at this time tomorrow.现在完成时:I have made love with her by now.过去完成时:I had made love with her before yesterday.将来完成时:I will have made love with her by tomorrow.现在完成进行时:I have been making love with her for two hours.过去完成进行时:I had been making love with her for two hours when her husband came in.将来完成进行时:I will have been making love with her for two hours when her husband wakes up tomorrow morning.我是从这儿看见的：
春晚是一件事的话。--当春晚直播的时候，这是现在时。当春晚重播的时候，这是过去时。当你看完春晚，并对其表达看法的时候，这是现在完成时。所以，现在完成时从来就不描述过去。而是对过去的看法或总结。------所以：过去时的“过去”，是物理上（具体时间）的过去。是对过去事件的重现。完成时的“过去”，是心理上（认知看法）的过去。是对过往事物的总结。而这个总结的动作，依然在当下，所以才列入现在时态里。----最大 区别就是：一般过去时：是旧事重提，并非当下的发生，是二手的，是录播。你只是个摄像机，你起到传递作用。你是冷冰冰。过去完成时：是幡然醒悟，发生在当下的此刻，是一手的，是总结。你就是发言人，你想怎样就怎样。你是活生生。
以下摘自维多利亚大学的官网Present Perfect and Simple PastHas the time period finished? 所谈论的时间段有没有结束？RuleThe present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished.The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished.Example & ExplanationI have seen three movies this week.(This week has not finished yet.)I saw three movies last week.(Last week has finished.)Is it new information or old? 所谈论的信息是老的还是新的？RuleThe present perfect is often used when giving recent news.The simple past is used when giving older information.Example & ExplanationMartin has crashed his car again.(This is new information.)Martin crashed his car last year.(This is old information.)Is it a specific time? 所谈论的时间是否是某个特定时间点？RuleThe present perfect is used when the time is not specific.The simple past is used when the time is clear.Example & ExplanationI have seen that movie already.(We don't know when.) I saw that movie on Thursday.(We know exactly when.)Has the action finished (sentences with “for” or “since”)? 所谈论的动作有没有结束？RuleThe present perfect is used with for and since when the actions have not finished yet.The simple past is used with for when the actions have already finished.Example & ExplanationI have lived in Victoria for five years.(I still live in Victoria.)I lived in Victoria for five years.(I don't live in Victoria now.)
一般情况下，汉语中也有过去时和现在完成时的语法，与英语的语法对应。只是通常我们已经了然于胸，很少有仔细的分析过。这里我就分析一下汉语中的过去时和现在完成时，然后就能跟英语的对应起来了。这里仅讨论陈述句，疑问句和否定句也类似。过去时：基本形式是动词后面加上一个音节“了”(le)，使得句子表现出过去时态。例句：刚才我吃了个苹果，喝了杯茶，又去了趟厕所。完成时：基本形式是动词后面加上一个“过”(guo)，句子结尾加上一个音节“了”(le)。使句子表现出现在完成时态。例句：刚才我吃过苹果了，喝过茶了，去过厕所了。然后，正如@梁海 所说，有时候，英语中加上 already 作为强调现在完成时。汉语中也会加上“已经”来作为强调。刚才我已经吃过苹果了，已经喝过茶了，已经去过厕所了。由于汉语是方块字，无法像英语一样在动词上面变形，所以汉字通常是添加助词以增加音节来表示时态的。因此英文中很多动词过去时结尾加上一个音节 ed ，等同于中文动词的过去时加上一个音节 “了” (le)。而英文中，完成时的助词have是放在动词前的，汉语中直接用一个音节 “过”(guo)放在动词后面，同时再在句尾添加一个音节 “了”(le)，来表示完成时。所以，汉语中的过去时和完成时怎么用，英语的就怎么用……至于汉语中的过去时和完成时的具体区别……我相信一般汉语使用者都能搞清楚适用的场景。如果一定要我说出个所以然，请折叠我吧……另外，偶尔有些特殊用法，不适用于此规则，比如@冯东 说的 be动词的用法。汉语中很少有在“是”后面加上“了”的用法- Is he your friend?- Was.感谢@钢盅郭子 提醒，在be动词前面可以加上“曾经”的“曽”来表示过去式。总体来说汉语中就是增加副词助词来改变时态的，而不是直接改变动词的拼写。
一般过去时仅陈述事实，现在完成时强调与现在的联系
其实一般时是强调在一个时间段里面发生的动作，而完成时是强调在一个以某个时间点为止的之前完成过的动作。所以一般过去时其实就是指在过去的一个时间段发生的动作，而现在完成时是指以现在的时间为止的之前发生过的动作。所以一般来说前者就只是说过去发生了一个动作，而后者则表达了直到现在有没有做过，发生过，所以在这种完成式中表达的动作常常是跟另外一个动作有时间逻辑关系的，一般来说就是表达在另外一个动作发生之前就发生了了这个动作的意思，简单来说就是跟现在有（点）关系。
谢邀，这里不谈语法规则，只谈生活实践。语法规则去问张道真。现在完成时和一般过去时都表达一件已经做过的事情。一般过去时是起于过去，止于过去。现在完成时是起于过去，尚未停止或仍在影响。例如一个很常见偶像剧场景，某男女分手多年后再次遇见。A：Have you ever loved me? 现在完成时，你是否曾经爱过我？B：I did. 一般完成时，我曾经爱过你，言外之意，我现在不爱你了。然后残忍拒绝。B：I do 或 I've loved you since.... 一般现在时或现在完成时，代表我爱你或从某时起一直爱你。然后****(此处省去三千七百四十字)。现在完成时的另一个作用是可以把一个点动词变成一个延续的过程，一般配合一个时间状语。如果不知道点动词，请问张道真。例如怒路男暴打并线女。This man beat and kicked the woman an hour ago. 一般完成时，一小时前他打过她。This man has beaten and kicked the woman for an hour. 现在完成时，他打了她一个小时。This man is beating and kicking the woman for an hour. 一般进行时，他打了她一个小时。二三例句的表意非常类似。如果遇到有人告诉你第二或三句，作为雷锋侠，你应该上前制止暴力。兵无常势，水无常形。语法只是规则，实践是硬道理。张道真的书可以买一本，遇到疑问自己查查，切莫沉溺语法规则之中。
一般过去时：She died 3 years ago.3年前发生了一个动作——死。现在完成时：She has been dead for 3 years.3年来，她都是死的状态。翻译成汉语：她过世3年了。简单的日常生活中，我认为表意准确就行了，在交流中让听众明白什么意思即达效果。至于再深入一点，可以去中国知网，学术期刊论文库检索，里面有专门论述二者区别的论文。
现在完成时，有个好处，就是我们用一般现在时写文章时，如果介绍到过去事情，我们用现在完成时。不然你一篇文章里面就有两个时态，一个一般现在时和一般过去时。
一般过去时的时间状语是过去，动作发生在过去的那一点，现在完成时的时间状语是现在，动作在现在的之前发生或者同时结束（没有时间状语？上下文共用，或有标志词）。不需要讨论有没有影响，如果说有影响的话，一般过去时才有影响，例如she were
my girl friend！
过去时就是做过的事情，跟现在断了联系。完成时是过去做过的事情，但是还在影响着现在这一刻。不过，二者有时候很难区分清楚，这大概是因为中英文思维的根源差异吧。你在运用的时候，建议不要太过纠结，意思能懂、能通顺是最好。纠结语法的人，大都是不是语言的佼佼者~
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动词或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与yesterday, last year, in 1980, a moment ago 等表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的状况和状态，而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，用现在完成时；以WHEN开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。