I need to _ the book that Lilyhelmut lentt me a week ago a.lend b.borrow c.return d.buy

Here is the dictionary that I_yesterday.Thank you I almost forgot_you the book.A.to lend B.tolend C.lending D.lending_百度作业帮
Here is the dictionary that I_yesterday.Thank you I almost forgot_you the book.A.to lend B.tolend C.lending D.lending
Here is the dictionary that I_yesterday.Thank you I almost forgot_you the book.A.to lend B.tolend C.lending D.lending
C意思:这是昨天我借的字典.我几乎忘了借给你了.borrow 指‘借入’lend 指‘ 借出’forget doing sth 指忘记做某事加油!不明白再问!
选A borrow是借入,lend是借出!~ forget to do 忘记做某事~You may_________ the book for a week.A.keepB.lend C.borrow D.return_百度作业帮
You may_________ the book for a week.A.keepB.lend C.borrow D.return
You may_________ the book for a week.A.keepB.lend C.borrow D.return当前位置:
>>>I’m going to the library ______ the books.A.returnB.borrow..
I’m going to the library ______ the books.A.returnB.borrowC.to returnD.to lend
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“I’m going to the library ______ the books.A.returnB.borrow..”主要考查你对&&现在分词的被动式,现在分词,不定式的被动式,过去分词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
现在分词的被动式现在分词不定式的被动式过去分词
现在分词的被动式概念:
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。两种现在分词的被动式:
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。根据现在分词动作发生的时间,现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。&&&&&&& Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。注意:在need, want, require, beworth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的现在分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 &&&&&&&& This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。现在分词被动式的用法:
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式: (1)现在分词一般式的被动式。主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作: 如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?&&&&&&&&&I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。 【注】有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词): 如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。 (2)现在分词完成式的被动式。主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作: 如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。 &&&&&&& Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。 比较:Being soill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。 &&&&&&&&&&& Having been ill for a long time he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。现在分词的概念:
现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式),是分词的一种,是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not。现在分词的用法:
1)做表语: 如:He was very amusing. &&&&&&& That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2)作定语: 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词: 如:That must have been a terrifying experience. &&&&&&& I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句: 如:There are a few boys swimming in the river. &&&&&&& There is a car waiting outside. 3)作状语: 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作: 如:Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.&&&&&&&& Opening the drawer, he took out a box. &&&&&&& Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句: 如:Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. &&&&&&& Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句: 如:Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. &&&&&&& Returning home, he began to do his homework.&&&&&&&&&Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. &&&&&&& Be careful when crossing the road. &&&&&&& Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner. &&&&&&& Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作宾补: 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语: 例如:see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。如:I see him passing my house every day. &&&&&&& I caught him stealing things in that shop. &&&&&&& I smelt something burning. &&&&&&& She kept him working all day.现在分词其他用法解析:
1、现在分词一般式的用法:现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生: 如:When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。 &&&&&&&& Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔: 如:Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家,他决定留个字条。&&&&&&&&& He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。2、现在分词完成式的用法:现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作: 如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。 &&&&&&& Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。注:(1)现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作,但有区别:现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔: 如:Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。 &&&&&&& Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告,我们最好去听一下。有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,但如果要强调分词动作的完成性,也应用现在分词的完成式: 如:Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。 (2)现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语:误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生):误:I want to talk to the person breaking the window. 3、现在分词被动式的用法:当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式: (1)现在分词一般式的被动式:主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作: 如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁? &&&&&&&& I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。注:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词): 如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。 (2)现在分词完成式的被动式:主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。 &&&&&&& Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。比较:Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。 &&&&&&&&&&& Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。 不定式的被动式的概念:
如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式。如:The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained. 不定式被动式的用法:
一、基本形式: 不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式,即to have been done。 二、用法归纳:不定式被动式在句中可以用作: 1、主语:如:It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴,甚是荣幸。 &&&&&&& To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事,不是坏事。 &&&&&&& It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。 2、表语:如:All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。 &&&&&&& Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。 &&&&&&& The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。 3、宾语:如:She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。 &&&&&&& He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。 &&&&&&& I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。 &&&&&&& They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。 4、定语:如:I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。 &&&&&& The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇,最后被雇用。 5、状语:如:He asked to be kept in formed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。 &&&&&&& As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时,很不耐烦。 &&&&&&& She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里,被告知他们度假去了。 6、宾语补足语:如:He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。 &&&&&&& He ordered the goods to be sent by air. 他命令把货物空运7、主语补足语:如:The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。 &&&&&&& The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不许将书携出室外。 8、用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中。如:It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。 &&&&&&& It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。 &&&&&&& It's impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。 &&&&&&& The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room201. 这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。 &&&&&&& Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?动词不定式的被动式之注意点:
&一、注意形式与功用:不定式的被动式为“to be+过去分词”,表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者,具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。如:It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。 &&&&&&& I hope to be invited to the party. 我希望有人请我去参加晚会。 &&&&&&& Have you got ready for the meeting to be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗?&&&&&&&&&In order to be chosen, he sent each of them a present.为 了被选中,他给他们每人都送了礼物。 &&&&&&& The problem seems to be solved soon. 问题好像快要解决了。二、与不定式的主动式的比较:1、表示义务的概念,句子的主语是要做的动作或接受动作的人或物时,要用不定式的被动式。如:These sheets are to be washed. 这些床单要洗一洗。 &&&&&&& The cleaning is to be finished by mid day. 要在中午前打扫完毕。2、不定式作定语与被修饰词是主谓、动宾、同位等逻辑关系时,多用其主动式。如:Where is the boy to speak at tomorrow's meeting?(=who will speak at tomorrow's meeting主谓关系) 明天要在会上发言的那个男孩在哪里?&&&&&&&&&I have got a letter to write.(=that I will write动宾关系,尤其谓语动词为have, give, bring等时) 我有封信要写。 &&&&&& Give me a pen to write with.(=that I can write with不及物动词加上相应的介词)给我一枝笔写。 注意:如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现,应用不定式的被动式。如:I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(动作执行者不是you) 3、在there be结构中,用不定式的主动式和被动式意义一般差别不大,但有些还是有差别的。如:There's a lot to be said (或to say) about this book. 关于这本书大有可说。 &&&&&&& There is nothing to see. 没有什么可看的了。 &&&&&&& There is nothing to be seen. 看不见有什么。(即“什么也没看见”) 4、修饰作表语或宾补的形容词的不定式,常用主动式表示被动含义。如:I don't think English hard to learn. 我认为英语不太难学。三、双重被动结构有些被动结构后接不定式作宾语、宾语补足语等时,仍然含有被动含义,就得用双重被动结构:如:The work is thought to be finished soon. 大家认为工作很快就完成了。四、动作发生的时间不定式多表示未来动作或情况,其被动式也不例外,上述各例皆有体现,尤其是改为定语从句时多为将来时的被动语态。另外我们还要注意以下两点: 1、表示被动关系时,当不定式的动作先于谓语时,可用不定式的被动式的完成时:to have been done;与谓语同时进行时,要用不定式的被动式的进行时:to be being done。如:The dead woman is said to have been badly treated. 据说死去的妇女受虐待。 &&&&&&& Rain forests are reported to be being cut down rapidly. 据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。 2、不定式的主动式作含序数词的被修饰词语的定语时,可表示已完成的动作。如:He was the first man to taste the tomato. 他是第一位品尝西红柿的人。 &&&&&&& They were the last to leave the countryside.他们是最后一批离开农村的。 过去分词的概念:
过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作,只有一种形式。即:动词原形加-ed构成。如:fallen leaves 落叶&&&&&&&&&boiled water 开水 &&&&&&& I heard the door closed. 我听见门被关上了。 过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别:
两者均可表示被动,其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同,但有时它们也可表示相同的意思。 如:Written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。&&&&&&&&&Being written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。&&&&&&&&&Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同,但有细微区别: 如:Having been show the lab, we left. 被领着看了实验室后,我们就离开了。过去分词的句法功能:
1、作定语: 如:I don't like the book written by Martin. &&&&&& Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。& 注意:当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2、过去分词作表语: 如:They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 &&&&&&& The window is broken. 窗户破了。 &&&&&&& They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意:be+过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:The window is broken.(系表) &&&&&&&&&&& The window was broken by the boy.(被动) 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶) newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) the changed world(变了的世界) 这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3、过去分词作宾语补足语: 如:I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语: 如:With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。 4、过去分词作状语: 如:Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. &受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因) &&&&&&& Onceseen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间) &&&&&&& Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)&&&&&&&&&Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.& 虽然被告之危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)&&&&&&&&&Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。 5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格: 如:All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了,图书管理员很高兴。 &&&&&&& The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了,他开始撒种子。 现在分词与过去分词的区别:
1、分词作表语:分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is in terestedi n...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting。这类词常见的有:interesting 使人感到高兴—interested感到高兴的&exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的&disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的—surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的—worried感到担心的 如:Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 &&&&&&& The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。&&&&&&&&&The game is exciting. (现在分词作表语) &&&&&&& We were excited at the news. (过去分词作表语) 2、分词作定语:分词作定语时有下面几个特点: 1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 如:He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 &&&&&&& The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 &&&&&&& The room facing south is our classroom. 朝南的房间是我们的教室。 &&&&&&& He is an advanced teacher. 他是个先进教师。 3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired,& returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come 3、分词作状语:现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。 如:He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 &&&&&&& Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。 &&&&&&& Smiling, they came in. 2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。 如:Cleaned, the room looks nice. &&&&&&& Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.& 如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。 &&&&&&& Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
发现相似题
与“I’m going to the library ______ the books.A.returnB.borrow..”考查相似的试题有:
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>>>I ______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the sc..
I ______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the school library.
A. borrow B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:江苏省期中题
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“I ______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the sc..”主要考查你对&&实义动词的过去分词,现在完成时&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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实义动词的过去分词现在完成时
过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动。实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的:①一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked ②以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced ③以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried,study—studied ④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed, 如stop—stopped,permit—permitted 注意:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需熟记。实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:过去式是发生过的事; 过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。过去式是用来作谓语的 过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。另外,在两者的形式也有所差异,有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .比如: begin began begun 就不一样 teach taught taught 就一样 用的时候一定要分清过去分词结构:1. 过去分词独立结构过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如:He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)This done,we went home.做完此事,我们就回家了。(表时间)All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始找工作。(表原因)That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题。(表时间)2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used,different results are obtained.采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果。She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一个字也没说,就生气地走了。3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语(1) 过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有: have 让,使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态如:The work left him exhausted.这个活使得他筋疲力尽。The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。The tenant found the house renovated.房客看到房子已整修过了。It’s better to leave some things unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I don’t want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。(2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如:I had my car repaired我把我的车修好了。(别人修的)I had my hair cut我理发了。(别人给我理的)We must get the television set repaired我们必须把电视机修好。(被别人修)He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。(被他人打破)初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)cost(花费)cost&&&cost&&&&&&&&&&&& cut(割)&&cut&&&&&& cut&&&&&&&&&&& &spit&&&&& spit/spat&&&& spit/ spat(英)hit(打)&&&&hit&&&&&& &hit&&&&&&&&&&& &hurt 伤害)&hurt&&&&hurt&let(让)&& &let&&&& & let&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put(放) put&&&& &putread (读)read& &read(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动)& beat& beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)become(变成) became become&&&&&&&&& awake&& awoke& awokencome(来) came come&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&run(跑)& ran& run(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig(挖)& dug& dug&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build& built&&& builtget(得到)& got& got/gotten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch& caught&& caughthang(吊死)& hanged& hanged&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& deal&& dealt&&&& dealthang(悬挂)& hung&&&&& hung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& feed&&& fed&&&& fedhold(抓住)& held& held&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find&&& found&& foundshine(照耀) shone shone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sit(坐)&& sat& satpay&&& paid&&&& paid&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& win (赢)& won& wonsend&& sent&&&& sent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& meet(遇见)& met& metshoot&& shot&&&& shot&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& keep (保持) kept& kepttell&&& told&&&& told&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sleep(睡)&& slept& sleptwin&&& won&&&& won&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sweep(扫)& swept&& sweptfeel(感觉)& felt& felt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& smell(闻)& smelt/smelled&& smelt/ smelledleave(离开) left& left&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& build(建设) built& builtlend(借出)& lent& lent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& send (传送)&&&& sent& sentspend(花费) spent spent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lose (丢失) lost& lostburn (燃烧) burnt& burnt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& learn(学习)& learnt& learntmean(意思是) meant& meant&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch(抓住) caught& caughtteach(教)& taught& taught&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& bring(带来) brought&& broughtfight (战斗) fought& fought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& buy(买)& bought&& boughtthink(想)& thought thought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& hear (听见) heard heardsell(卖)& sold& sold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& tell(告诉)& told& toldsay(说)& said& said&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& find(找到)& found foundhave/has(有) had& had&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& make(制造) made madestand(站)& stood stood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& understand明白understood understood(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin(开始) began begun&&&&&&&&&&&&&& take(取)& took& takendrink(喝)& drank drunk&&&&&&&&&&&&&& mistake(弄错) mistook&& mistakenring(铃响)& rang& rung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ride(骑)&& rode& riddensing (唱)& sang& sung&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& do(做)& did& doneswim(游泳) swam swum&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& write(写)& wrote writtenblow(吹)& blew& blown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go(去)went& gonedraw (画)& drew& drawn&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie(平躺)& lay& lainfly(飞)& flew& flown&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see(看见)& saw& seengrow(生长) grew& grown&&&&&&&&&&&&&& wear (穿) wore& wornknow(知道) knew known&&&&&&&&&&&& be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were& beenthrow(投掷) threw thrown&&&&&&&&&&&&& show(出示) showed shownbreak(打破) broke broken&&&&&&&&&&&&& choose(选择) chose chosenforget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)&&& bear& bore& borne/bornspeak(说,讲) spoke spoken&&&&&&&&&& draw& drew& drawnwake(醒)& woke woken&&&&&&&&&&&&&& dream& dreamt/ dreamed& dreamt/ dreameddrive(驾驶) drove driven&&&&&&&&&&&& hide&&& hid&& hiddeneat(吃)& ate& eaten&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lay& laid& laid&& 放置fall(落下)& fell& fallen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie& lied&& lied&& 撒谎give(给)& gave&&& given&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& lie&& lay&& lain&& 躺rise(升高)& rose& risen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& see&&& saw&& seenshake& shook&& shaken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& steal& stole&&& stolencan----could&&&&&&&&&&& may---might&& will---would&&& shall---shouldmust----must现在完成时:过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词句式:1. 否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't (hasn't)+过去分词...”。如:I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。2. 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+过去分词...? 如:—Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?—Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词...?如:How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如:I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。→ I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)→ Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)现在完成时常见两种句型: ①for短语 ②It is+一段时间+ since从句 现在完成时特点:1. 非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。 例如:He has left. He has been away for an hour. 2. have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那;have/has gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这。 例如:He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. Mr. Li in not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 3. 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问式常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。 例如:Have you read it already? 现在完成时和一般过去时区别:现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。比较:I have lost my new book.& 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .& 他去北京了。现在完成时注意事项:1.如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。2.终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。3..现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.4.不能与when连用. 现在完成时的用法:1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet?&&&& -Yes,I have. I've just had it.2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?6.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此:该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意:现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。8.一段时间+has passed+since从句主语+have / has been+since短语例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了  9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。  Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别has gone to:去了没回has been to :去过has been in:呆了很久
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