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2013年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解B篇翻译与精析
时间: 10:54:00 来源:可可英语 编辑:wendy
We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, &First come, first served,& have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simplybecause it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governedby different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But don't take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
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2013年高考英语陕西卷阅读理解C篇翻译与精析
时间: 17:44:00 来源:可可英语 编辑:wendy
According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has
some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are
important in deciding people's rank in society.
Class means a person's economic position in society. A commonly used
classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While
sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they
do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study
shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle
class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500,000
a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves
as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.
Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors)
exercise(行使) big power, but people who take orders from others have less
power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For
example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not
belong to a corresponding (相应的) economic class. Generally, however,
there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there
aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U.S. Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in
society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily
so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not
belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
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2013年高考英语广东卷阅读理解C篇翻译与精析
时间: 13:18:00 来源:可可英语 编辑:wendy
One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. &This boy has lost his family,& he wrote. &He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?&I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon - in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?&Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,& I thought. &Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.& Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.&It's your turn,& he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one - without any words - can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.
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2013年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解C篇翻译与精析
时间: 10:48:00 来源:可可英语 编辑:wendy
几乎所有有运转部件的机器都有轮子，但是没有人确切地知道第一个轮子是何时发明的，也不知道它有什么用途。然而，我们所知道的是早在5500多年前的古代亚洲，它们就已经存在了。2002年我们在斯洛文尼亚发现了最古老的运输轮子。它有5100多年的历史。然而，证据表明在短时期内车轮运输并不受欢迎。这可能是因为在运输农具和人力方面，动物发挥了重要作用。但这也有可能是因为条件困难。一方面轮子需要在光滑的表面滚动，另一方面平滑的路面直到有大量需求时才被建造。最终，路面变得平滑了，但这种困难的局面在几个世纪后又再次出现了。并且在现代道路设计尚未出现之前，轮子和汽车设计都没有什么重大变化。18世纪中期，一个法国人想出了一个新的道路设计方案，那就是用基层的大石块覆盖一层薄薄的小石粒，相互填补。19世纪20年代，苏格兰人改进了这种设计，从而出现一种牢固而耐久的路面。1864年，先是金属中心(轮子中央的一部分)，接着就是充气轮胎，二者几乎同时出现。而在柏油路出现60年后，人们终于在1967年发明了合金车轮。随着车轮设计的出现，车辆的发展也越来越快。
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2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解C篇翻译与精析
时间: 13:30:00 来源:可可英语 编辑:wendy
44. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句&Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid - we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.&可知，由于人类有生物方面的限制，在水上行走不会成为现实。故选B项。45. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句&It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet.&可知，蜥蜴能通过快速拍击水面穿越水面。故选C项。46. A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，cornflour的功能是可以创建一种和水的厚度不一样的液体。故选A项。47. D 观点态度题。根据第四段第一句&Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.&可推断，作者认为人在水上行走的想法在理论上可行，但不实际。故选D项。
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