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1997年:English to Chinese
Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are
inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃） societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and
other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动） towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） they are the touchstones for the
possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.
【参考答案】
English to Chinese
欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。在欧洲，
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2014年英语专业八级翻译部分真题
汉译英：当我小学毕业的时候，亲友一致地愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服、饭食、书籍、住处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。当我由师范毕业，被派为小学校的校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。
英译汉：The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest . Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another.
And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in others,such as meeting with a superior.
Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood.A lowered head when speaking to a superior (with or without eye contact) can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.
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演说者与听众之间的实际距离通常来是用来传送演说内容的最佳途径但是同时可以表明很多问题。就拿距离的远近来说，近距离可以体现演说者和听众的一种亲密程度但同时对于演说者也是一种心灵上的震慑，相反，远距离会是一种较正式的提现但也可说是一种缺乏兴趣的表现。大致距离不仅仅是一种个人风格的提现同时也和个人的文化背景息息相关，因此在一种文化中所体现的演说者与听众之间适宜的距离在另一种文化中可能会被界定成一种过分亲近亦或过分的疏远。再比如，如在非正规的宴会中，双方之间紧贴的距离是一种适宜的表现但是如若是和高层领导洽谈，这样的距离就显得适得其反了。不仅仅是距离，姿势也会透露很多细节。俯身前倾，头部前伸是一种正面情绪的提现。但当和尊者沟通还伴随着时不时的眼神交流时，谦卑的低头在一些文化背景中却也是一种合适的氛围。
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10（英语专业八级全真题翻译部分）
第一部分　汉译英
1993年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following text into
English. Write your translation in the &ANSWER
&徐霞客一生周游考察1了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国2。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论3。他发现前人研究地理的记载4有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察5，他很少乘车坐船6，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉7；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林8进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景9；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景10。
本文属于记叙文。作者概略地记载了中国伟大的旅行家徐霞客考察中国山河大川的情况。字数不多，但内容十分丰富，从考察的面积、内容、方法、结果等。行文规范，用词正式，文风朴实，所用修饰语也绝非言过其实，哗众取宠，而是行文的需要。
1．周游考察：周游 travel far and
wide。但考虑到本文所讲的“周游”，还带有考察的性质，所以用下面英文处理：…he traveled and
surveyed。
2．足迹几乎遍及全国：既然是“足迹”，而且是一个，很少会涉水，因此用：covert the land，如：covering
almost the whole land of China。
3．盲目迷信书本上的结论：“盲目迷信”实际上等于“盲目相信”，即“唯书”是瞻，to believe something
blindly故此处译为：…took previous conclusions in books for granted。
4．前人研究地理的记载：前人：有两种含义：1、forefathers,
2、predecessors。本文指后者，故如下译之：records of predecessors’ geographical
5．真实细致的考察：考察最重要的就是“实物”，此处用“get
first-hand material”非常正确：survey carefully and get first-hand
material。
6．少乘车坐船：徐霞客主要依靠“两只脚”进行考察，因此译为：rarely
traveled by boat or cart。
7．靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉：理解同第6句：he walked on
foot, climbing mountains or crossing rivers。
8．人迹稀少的森林：…forests that were rarely
available to ordinary travelers。
9．奇山秀景：…discovered many beautiful
scenic spots。
10．反复观察变换的奇景：…observing again and again
the changing attractions。
Xu Xiake traveled and surveyed 16
provinces, covering almost the whole land of China in his life. In
the process of his survey, he never took previous conclusions in
books for granted. He fond many records of predecessors’
geographical studies very unreliable. In order to survey carefully
and get first-hand material, he rarely traveled by boat or cart.
Instead, he walked on foot, climbing mountains or crossing rivers.
To have a true knowledge of the nature, he chose hard and difficult
mountainous areas, forests that were rarely available to ordinary
travelers. In this way, he discovered many beautiful scenic spots.
He often selected different seasons and time, visiting and
revisiting famous mountains, observing again and again the changing
attractions.
1994年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
人是一个非常复杂的矛盾体1。为了不受干扰地工作2，常常要逃避世俗的热闹3；可一旦长期陷入孤境4，又感到痛苦，感到难以忍受。
一般情况下，我喜欢孤独5。
我的最大爱好是沉思默想6。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快7。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快8。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白9，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界10。情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛11往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行12。孤独更多地产生人生的诗情——激昂的和伤感的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨13。
当然，孤独常常叫人感到无以名状的忧伤。而这忧伤有时又是很美丽的。
&&& 我喜欢孤独。
但我也惧怕孤独。
本文属于议论性散文。作者就“独处”问题阐述了富有哲理的见解。一般人都喜欢热闹，不喜欢“孤独”，但若某项研究或思考问题时需要“不受干扰地”进行，孤独不但是需要的，而且成了一种必须。这种境界一般人是体会不到的。本文语言规范，用词严谨，行文逻辑性强。
1．非常复杂的矛盾体：矛盾体contradictory
being与本句前半部分Human being形成呼应，较好，因此本部分译为：a very complicated
contradictory being。
2．不受干扰地工作：work efficiently或work without
any interference。
3．逃避世俗的热闹：热闹merry-making ；jollification
。前者较通俗常用，后者较生僻，因此译为to escape from the worldly merry-making。
4．长期陷入孤境：陷入get in；get into；run
into。用下面这句较通俗：to be in isolation for a long time。
5．喜欢孤独：表示一种状态，因此译为：I like to stay in
solitude。
6．沉思默想：带有一定的信念，可用meditation。
7．感到愉快：有时话从反面说，可能会更有力度，如本部分：without
feeling unpleasant。
8．独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快：to enjoy
happiness alone is happiness, to bear sadness alone is also
happiness。
9．精神不会是一片纯粹的空白：…your inner world is not
10．丰富多彩的世界：…it is full of glorious
11．大欢乐和大悲痛：Great happiness and
12．孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行：While you are alone,
it allows the mind to meander, wander freely, unrestrained by
13．能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨：to help you make
a more thorough recognition and examination of yourself and the
environment you are in。
Human being is a very complicated
contradictory being. In order to work efficiently, he has to escape
from the worldly merry-making. Moreover, once he is in isolation
for a long time, usually feels painful, find it hard to tolerate.
But in general circumstances, I like to stay in solitude.
My most favored hobby is [musing]
meditation. I could stay in solitude for a long time without
feeling unpleasant. To enjoy happiness alone is happiness, to bear
sadness alone is also happiness. When you stay alone, your inner
world is not blank, rather it is full of glorious colors. Great
happiness and sorrow usually come from solitude. While you are
alone, it allows the mind to meander, wander freely, unrestrained
by logic. Solitude, more often that not, brews human poetic
feelings—inspiring or sentimental. Solitude can help you to further
develop your ideas farther and more profound, and can help you make
a more thorough recognition and examination of yourself and the
environment you are in.
Of course, solitude often makes one feel unreasonably sad, but this
sadness is, sometimes, very beautiful indeed.
&&& I love
solitude. And I fear solitude as well.
1995年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
简?奥斯丁1的小说写的都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事2。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉3。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小4。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越嚼越有味道的橄榄5。这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性贡献6，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明7。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序8，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法9。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度10，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题11。
本文体裁属于论述文。作者就英国著名女作家简?奥斯丁的作品阐述了自己深刻的见解，论述了?奥斯丁的小说为何在中国读者群中享有如此高的声誉：问题不在于题材的大小，而在于开掘的深度，不在于题材的新旧，在于有无艺术创造，还在于语言是否精彩，使人感到犹如一枚“越嚼越有味道的橄榄”。
1. 简?奥斯丁：Jane Austen, ()
英国女作家，以其对中产阶级的行为方式、道德观念的深刻观察及其讽刺、机智、细致的文风而著称，其小说包括《傲慢与偏见》（1813年）、《爱玛》（1816年）等。
2.婚恋嫁娶的小事：“婚恋嫁娶”讲的就是恋爱与结婚之事，用loves and
marriages就可以体现了，故本部分译为：trivial matters concerning loves and
marriages。
在西方享有那么高的声誉：本句用现在时，表明她的声望依然如此，故译为：she enjoys such a prestigious
reputation in the west。
4．开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小：…题材或主题都可以用subject matter，本句因此翻译如下：…
subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge
a novel depth as well as its artistic appeal and ideological
5．越嚼越有味道的橄榄：明喻有时更生动，更能体会到异国品味，因此本部分直译为：…olive that tastes more and
more delicious as one chews longer。
6．她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性贡献：请注意，and一词有递进作用：… her splendid language
and her creative contribution to the development of novel as an
7．轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明：her lively
narrative which is in fact neither superficial nor lucid to
understand
8．修正现存的价值秩序：修正correct；amend；modify；retouch；revise。本句选用： revise the
existing order of value。
9．改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法：change people’s
opinion on what’s “important” and “what is not”。
10．学会转换眼光和角度：to teach us how to switch
our angles of perspectives。
11．明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题：to perceive
matters of no small significance embraced in the narration of those
“bagatelles”。
Jane Austen’s novels depict mainly
trivial matters concerning the daily life, loves and marriages
about a few households. Thus quite a number of Chinese readers
wonder why she enjoys such a prestigious reputation in the
However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which
we judge a novel depth as well as its artistic appeal and
ideological content. Austin’s works are compared to olive that
tastes more and more delicious as one chews longer. This is not
only owing to her splendid language and her creative contribution
to the development of novel as an art, but also owing to her lively
narrative which is in fact neither superficial nor lucid to
understand. Mrs. Smith once said that female writers often tried to
revise the existing order of value, and to change people’s opinion
on what’s “important” and “what is not”. Maybe Austen’s novel can
teach us how to switch our angles of perspectives, helping us
perceive matters of no small significance embraced in the narration
of those “bagatelles”.
1996年八级汉译英全真题
&Translate the
following underlined part of the text into English. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会1、冷餐会2是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识3，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方4，这好像是不可缺少的礼节5。然而，法国人一般不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番6也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时7，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强8。
法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美9，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽10，本人的名字也不过分突出11，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉12。
本文体裁属于随笔，列于散文类。作者以轻快、调侃的口吻描述了东方人与西方人在礼仪方面的差异，东方人很注重形式，因此礼貌、礼节颇为周到，西方则注重内容，讲究实际，礼貌、礼节嘛，在他们眼里，只不过是谦谦君子的摆设而已。
1．繁多的酒会：…various kinds of cocktail
2．冷餐会：cold desert parties (或buffet
3．陌生人相识：…strangers get to know each
other on this occasion。
4．毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方：毕必恭毕敬地act very
deferentially。此处译为：…offer their cards to others with both hands
courteously。
5．不可缺少的礼节：…inevitable etiquette。
6．海阔天空地聊一番：海阔天空地聊to have a far-ranging
chat about anything，即指没有任何题目的闲聊，故译为：…even talking about a while on
any topic。
7．谈话投机，希望继续交往时：谈话投机to have an agreeable
chat或to talk congenially，此处也可意译为：…they are impressed by each other
and want to further their contacts。
8．二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强：名片 business
card；calling card,一般不用name card。因前边多次提及calling card，此处仅用card
足矣，故译为：It would be awkward if the card is offered before any word
is spoken。
讲究朴素大方，印制精美：首先强调“印制精美”，次之讲“朴素大方”，符合本文内容，故译为：…are elegantly made yet
they seem unadorned。
10. 名片上的字体纤细秀丽：“纤细秀丽”意指elegant，故译为：
Words on the cards are tenuous but beautiful。
名字也不过分突出：“突出”意指“扎眼”或“使人感觉不舒服”，故用下面译之：the names of the bearers do
not dazzlingly stand out。
毫无拥挤不堪的感觉：“毫无”似太绝对，因此用seldom译之：seldom incur over-crowdedness。
Recently, I find from newspapers that
people at home are fond of talking about calling cards, invitation
letters, etc. This reminds me of the French way of handling
business cards and invitation letters during my sojourning in
Paris. Random as my reminiscences may seem, they might provide some
useful tips for us to follow.
In Paris, a good opportunity to make
friends is to attend various kinds of cocktail parties or cold
desert parties. On this occasion, people from Asia usually offer
their cards to others with both hands courteously even before they
speak, which seems an inevitable etiquette. But, the people from
Paris usually do not hand out their cards in such a way. They
generally leave each other after greeting briefly, or even talking
about a while on any topic. Only when they are impressed by each
other and want to further their contacts, will they offer their
calling cards to each other. It would be awkward if the card is
offered before any word is spoken.
The French people’s calling cards are
elegantly made yet they seem unadorned. Seldom are they
golden-framed, colorfully shiny, or sprayed with fragrance. Words
on the cards are tenuous but beautiful, and the names of the
bearers do not dazzlingly stand out. Their cards leave much space
and seldom incur over-crowdedness.
1997年八级汉译英全真题
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of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人1，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁2。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识3，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理4。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌5：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴6。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的7，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人8。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助9，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程10。
本文体裁属于海外求学随笔，列于散文类。作者以轻快、调侃的口吻描述了中国留学生和自己在海外学习的艰苦生活。大部分中国学生都有着“苦中求乐”
的切身感受，也正因为为此，大家才十分珍惜来之不易的一切。
1．我的导师是亚裔人：导师supervisor；tutor；advisor；mentor。尽量少用teacher，尽管该词也有此义，因为在一般美国人心目中，teacher是指地位较低的“中、小学教师”，因此译为
My supervisor was of Asian descent。
2．嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁：嗜（好） to be addicted to
something或to indulge in，但这个习惯用法都用于贬义，此处显得不合适，故本句译为he drank and
smoked a lot and was quite hot-tempered。
3．但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识：…appreciated
Asian students for their diligence and firm grounding in
4．也特别了解亚裔学生的心理：…knew well what they
thought and how they felt
5．贴一醒目招牌：…stuck on the door of his lab
an eye-catching signboard
6．工作时间必须全力以赴：…one must be devoted
during working time
7．这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的：…this supervisor was
well-known in the university for his strictness and severity
8．最后博士毕业的只剩下5人：…only 5 got their Ph. D.
degree upon graduation.
9．硬着头皮接受了导师的资助：此处的“硬着头皮”不是可有可无，是有其实际意义的，所以本句译为：I forced myself to
accept his sponsorship。
10．我开始了艰难的求学旅程：I started the hard
journey of academic pursuit。
Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese
students work very hard. Even on weekends, they would spend one
day, or even two days in their laboratories. Therefore, they had
more articles published than their American counterparts. My
supervisor was of Asian descent who drank and smoked a lot and was
quite hot-tempered. He highly appreciated Asian students for their
diligence and firm grounding in science. He also knew well what
they thought and how they felt. Therefore, in the six students
enrolled in his laboratory, five were from Asia besides one from
Germany. He even stuck on the door of his laboratory an
eye-catching signboard which read "The assistant graduate in this
laboratory will have to work seven days every week, from 10 am to
12 pm and must be devoted during working time." This supervisor was
well-known in the university for his strictness and severity.
During the three and a half years when I was there, 14 students had
been enrolled in his laboratory in all. But only 5 got their Ph. D.
degree upon graduation. In the summer of 1990, I forced myself to
accept his sponsorship and started the hard journey of academic
pursuit, disregarding all dissuasions.
1998年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店1，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了2。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周群峦叠翠3，湖面波光粼粼4。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊5，我想了许多，许多……
这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆6，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知7，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题8就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛9。虽然祖国大陆10、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记11，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民12也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成13。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台14。跨世纪青年一代15应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我—同在思索16……
本文体裁属于随笔，列于散文类。作者以饱蘸激情的笔，记述了访问台湾的点点滴滴，与客人的交流，游览台湾秀丽景点时的话语，大家思索、交谈的中心是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。是啊，身为炎黄子孙，谁能不为中华民族的兴盛而努力奋斗呢。
1．下榻日月潭中信大饭店：下榻stay at ZhongXin Hotel
by Lake R check in或into 则强调强调动态，短暂逗留用stay
at较好。因为本句前边有具体时间，通盘考虑译文里还是选用check in。
2．次日凌晨3点了：already 3 o’clock early in
the morning。
3．群峦叠翠：range upon range of green hills
and ridges 这里强调的是层层叠翠的山峦，写景部分虽然主要译意，但也不能因此而失意。
4．湖面波光粼粼： blue ripples on the lake。
5．仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊：the only
naturally-formed picturesque lake in Taiwan。
6．行程匆匆：they paid a visit to Taiwan in a
hurry或they hurried in this short visit to Taiwan。
7．访了旧友，交了新知：…they called on former
friends, as well as made new friends。
8．谈论的一个重要话题：话题 theme；topic。…a major
topic they talked on was…。
9．中华民族在21世纪的强盛：…how to build a more
powerful and prosperous China in the coming 21st century。
10．祖国大陆、台湾的青年：大陆：一般用介词on，即 on the
Mainland 。故本处译为：The youth on the Mainland and in Taiwan……。
11．深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记：铭刻
impress；imprint；stamp。the fine Chinese cultural tradition is
imprinted on everyone's heart。
12．海峡两岸人民：People on both sides of the
Straits…。
13. （他们将）共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成they will work
together to promote an earlier reunification of our motherland.
此处千万不能用unification，尽管该词也有统一的含义，因为大陆与台湾原本是统一的，这次统一是分开的重新统一。
14. 世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台The
precious opportunity and great challenge at the turn of centuries
will push the youth onto the front of history.
15. 跨世纪青年一代the crossing-century
16. ……仿佛与我—同在思索… as if they were
meditating together with me.。
&&& February 24,
1997. Our delegation checked in ZhongXin Hotel by Lake Riyuetan. It
was already 3 o’clock early in the morning when I saw off the last
group of guests. For quite a while, I could not fall asleep.
Putting clothes on again, I walked to the window and looked into
the distance only to find range upon range of green hills and
ridges， and blue ripples on the lake. Looking into this picturesque
lake, the only naturally-formed lake in Taiwan, I fell into deep
Although the visit to Taiwan is
cursory, we paid visit to a lot of places, called on former
friends, and made new ones. When we got together, a major topic we
talked on was how to build a more powerful and prosperous China in
the coming 21st century. The youth on the Mainland and in Taiwan
are living in different social environments and have different life
experience of their own. However, the fine Chinese cultural
tradition is imprinted on everyone's heart, and they have the same
hope to rejuvenate China.& At the great meeting
time of two centuries, our motherland is heading for prosperity and
strength. People on both sides of the Straits will have more
frequent exchanges and will work together to promote an earlier
reunification of our motherland. The precious opportunity and great
challenge at the turn of centuries will push the youth onto the
front of history. How to meet this promising new century for the
crossing-century is a question we must answer.
Ripples on Lake Riyuetan have ceased
their activity, as if they were meditating together with me.
1999年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁的生日1，但城市的发展令世界瞩目2。以港立市，以港兴市3，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华4，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮5，年货物吞吐量达8000万吨6，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶7，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀8，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民9，是加拿大长期奉行的国策10。可以说，加拿大除了印地安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性作用11，其中有一半是近5
年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地12。
本文属于旅游景点介绍类的应用文。因为人们越来越喜欢旅游，所以这类文章日见普遍。本文以较为朴实的言词，辅之以具体的数字，向世人介绍了温哥华的昨天和今天。读者相信，温哥华的明天必定会更加美好。
1．百岁的生日：centennial
anniversary；hundred-year birthday。
2．令世界瞩目：has attracted worldwide
attention；has already caught the eye of the world
3．以港立市，以港兴市：To build up the city around
the harbor and to capitalize on the harbor for developing its
4．天然不冻良港的温哥华：Vancouver, with her
ice-free harbor
5．定期班轮：班轮即指regular ship，
此处中文另加了定期，英文则无此必要，故译为：regular ocean liners。
6．年货物吞吐量达8000万吨：… with an annual
cargo-handling capacity of 80 million tons.
7．智慧和勤奋的结晶：可用crystallization of wisdom
and industry，也可用result of the intelligence and industry （of
Vancouverers），两者均对。
8．地广人稀：Canada is a vast country with a
sparse population。
9．吸收外来移民：可用to recruit immigrants，也可用to
recruit immigrants。
10．长期奉行的国策：可用is a long-term national
policy pursued by Canada，也可用is one of Canadian long-term
11．经济转型起着决定性作用：to play a crucial role
in Vancouver's economic transformation。
12．最大的中国人聚居地：it is the largest Chinese
gathering center outside Asia。
Though Canada’s Vancouver, merely
celebrated its centennial anniversary in 1986, yet her development
has already attracted worldwide attention. To build up the city
around the harbor and to capitalize on the harbor for developing
its economy is the choice practice port cities adopt. Today, only
after one hundred years’ construction and development, Vancouver,
with her ice-free harbor endowed by nature, has already become a
port city of international reputation. She runs regular ocean
liners to Asia, Oceania, Europe and Latin America, with an annual
cargo-handling capacity of 80 million tons. One third of her
employed workers are in trade and transportation.
Vancouver's glory is the result of the
intelligence and industry of Vancouverers, including contributions
made by a variety of other ethnic groups. Canada is a vast country
with a sparse population. Its territory is larger than China, while
its population is less than 30,000,000. To attract
&immigrants is one of Canadian long-term policy.
It can be said that all Canadians, except the Indian aboriginals,
are immigrants who are different from each other only in the length
of time they have settled there. Vancouver is one of the few cities
with multi-nations in the world. In the present 1.8 million
residents in Vancouver, half are not born in this city, and a
quarter are of Asian origin. The 250 thousand Chinese play a
crucial role in Vancouver's economic transformation. Half of the
Chinese have come to the city just in the past 5 years and made it
the largest Chinese gathering center outside Asia.
2000年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
中国科技馆1的诞生来之不易2。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足3，后天也常缺乏营养4，但是它成长的步伐5却是坚实而有力的6。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀7。
世界上第一代博物馆8属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史9。第二代属于工业技术博物馆10，它所展示的是工业文明11带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用12，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者13。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆14。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术15，去探索科学技术的奥妙16。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处17，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果18。
本文属于用于介绍、宣传性的应用文。在宣传工作日显重要的今天，这类文章将日渐增多。本文如实介绍了中国科技博物馆的发展概况，读后使人对中国科技的发展充满了信心。
1．中国科技馆：China Science and Technology
2．来之不易：来之不易 hard-earned；hard-won；is of
hard birth。
3．先天有些不足：c
prenatally it suffered from some shortages。
4．后天也常缺乏营养：postnatally it suffered from
“malnutrition”。
5．成长的步伐：本处不宜字对字硬译，可译为：in the process of
its development…。
6．坚实而有力的：to have
its steps are definite。
7．被公认为后起之秀：a promising newcomer。
8．世界上第一代博物馆The first generation of
museums in the world。
9．通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史：it
introduces the evolution history of the earth and various kinds of
living creatures through fossils and specimens。
10．工业技术博物馆：museum of the industrious
technology。
11．工业文明：the industrial
civilization。
12．起到了传播科学知识的作用：it has played its part
in in spreading scientific knowledge
13．被动的旁观者：regard viewers as passive
by-standers。
14．充满全新理念的博物馆：全新理念：its completely new
concept；it is full of new concepts
15．更贴近先进的科学技术：can be closer to advanced
scientific technology。
16．探索科学技术的奥妙：to probe its mystery in
scientific technology。
17．汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处：It has drawn on the
merits of museums of international reputation。
18．展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果：the scientific
principles and achievements in science and technology are made
accessible to the general public。
China Science and Technology Museum is
hard-earned. Compared with other museums, including those of
science and technology that have gained international fame, it
suffered on both sides: congenitally, it suffered from some
after its birth, it suffered from “malnutrition”. Yet
in the process of its development, it has made solid progress,
which can be clearly shown. It has already been recognized
internationally as a promising newcomer.
The first generation of museums in the
world is the museum of natural history, which introduces the
evolution history of the earth and various kinds of living
creatures through fossils and specimens. The second belongs to that
of industrious technology, showing the phasic achievements as a
result industrial civilization. Although the two generations of
museum play positive roles in spreading scientific knowledge, they
regard viewers as only passive by-standers.
The third generation of museums in the
world is full of new concepts. Here, viewers
can&& carry with their own hands
and observe with their own minds. Therefore, they can be closer to
advanced scientific technology to probe its mystery.
China Science and Technology Museum is
just this kind of museum. It has drawn on the merits of museums of
international reputation. It provides exhibits of mechanics,
optics, electricity, heat, acoustics, and biology so that
scientific principles and achievements in advanced science and
technology are made more accessible to the general public.
2001年八级汉译英全真题
Translate the following underlined part
of the TEXT into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
乔羽的歌大家都熟悉1。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知2，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓3，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情4。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园5，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所6。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动7，有益于身心健康8。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段9：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣10，面对一池碧水，把忧心烦恼全都抛到一边11，使自己的身心得到充分休息12。”
本文属于描写性记叙文，夹叙夹议还带有一定量描写。作者对在全国享有盛誉的歌词作家乔羽的户外活动给予了动情的描写和介绍。阅读这样的作品，不仅使读者增长见识，还能陶冶情操。翻译时译者要进入情况，才能译好原作品。
1．乔羽的歌大家都熟悉：熟悉 to be familiar with
something；know well。本句可译为：We all know Mr. Qiao Yu’s songs。
2．鲜为人知：…people know very little about
3．喜爱垂钓：喜爱take
to；like；adore；care；fancy；favor。take to中性，地道习语，因此本部分译为：took to
4．给人好心情：to fill one'
to mak give delight to
everyone都可表达类似心情。
5．准备好饿鱼的垂钓园：垂钓园fish-
此处指专门为钓鱼者准备好垂钓的水塘，因此译为man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are
ready for you。
6．大自然野外天成的场所：in the wild where
everything is natural。
7．能够陶冶性情的运动：help improve one's
temperament (或character)。
8．益于身心健康：It is good for mental and
bodily health。
9．钓鱼可分三个阶段：Fishing falls into three
stages；Fishing can be divided into three stages。
10．钓趣：for the pleasure of fishing
11．把忧心烦恼全都抛到一边：casts (或throws) aside
all anxieties and worries。
12．身心得到充分休息…one enjoys a good rest
,both mental and physical。
参考译文：
We all know Mr. Qiao Yu’s songs, but we
know very little about his two major hobbies—fishing and
Qiao Yu took to fishing in his old age.
He said: “Where there is fish and water, there is good environment,
and good environment fills one's heart with joy. I think the best
place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where
hungry fish are provided for you, but an enchanting place in the
wild where everything is natural. “Fishing is a game that can help
improve one's temperament. It is good for mental and bodily health.
Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is
just for eating fish. The second stage is for eating fish and for
enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well. The third stage is mainly
for the pleasure of fishing facing a pool of green water, one casts
aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good rest, both mental
and physical.”
2002年八级汉译英全真题
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following text into
English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
大自然对人的恩赐1，无论贫富，一律平等，所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着2。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着3。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒4，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花5；
在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜6，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；
往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园7。这样，每个地方拥有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来8。
本文体裁属于论述类散文。作者对人类赖以生存的自然界及自然界万物进行了生动、富有哲理的论述，虽然语言朴实无华，但其蕴含的意义却相当深远。
1．大自然对人的恩赐：恩赐 bestow；favor；do favor
to；故本部分译为：Nature does the same favour to every human being。
2．全都一致并深深地依赖着：依赖depend on；depend
upon；rely on；put deep dependence on 据此，本部分可译为：all the humans put on
the nature deep dependence。
3．上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着：…people have been
living the same life for thousands of years
4．酿酒和饮酒：此处用的是并列，但实际上应有先后，酿酒的目的是为了饮酒：make wine to drink；当然若说they
brew and drink也是可以的。
5．锄草和栽花：weed and plant flowers
6．周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜：去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，基本意思是一样的，属于同义重复，用英语表达时可简略译为：They go to
church at weekends。
7．今日的温馨家园：温馨soft and sweet。today's
sweet home
8．自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来：…each area has
legends of its own and the customs pass down
Nature does the same favour to every
human being, whether rich or poor. So all the humans put on the
nature deep dependence, especially in the countryside, where the
people have been living the same life for thousands of years. They
plant crops and grapes, they brew and drink, feed the cattle and
milk the cows, weed and plant flowers. They go to church at
weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza in the festivals,
dancing and singing. The previous rural farms remain today's sweet
home. In this way each area has legends of its own and the customs
pass down.
2003年八级汉译英全真题
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English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET TEREE.
在得病以前，我受父母宠爱1，在家中横行霸道2，一旦隔离3，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感到被打入冷宫4，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放5，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢6。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界7，一片喧闹。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间8，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃9，为世界所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头10，禁不住痛哭起来11。
本文体裁属于记叙文。作者对自己的往日生活进行了生动、如实的回忆，其情感充沛，如水闸猛泄，即使与其性情相异的读者也难免受其感染。
1．受父母宠爱：宠爱 spoiled
rotten by parents。
2．家中横行霸道：behaving like a real
3．一旦隔离：when segregated（separated）。
4．打入冷宫：thrown into a cold palace。
5．园中百花怒放：the flowers were blooming。
6．霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢：in no time, the garden
was crowded with guests and the air was floated with laughter。
7．窥见园中大千世界：at the bustling kaleidoscope
down in the garden。
8．穿插其间：back and forth among the
9．一阵被人摈弃……的悲愤：一阵 a hail of。I
was overwhelmed a bitter sense of being abandoned。
10．兜上心头：同“袭上心头”，因此译为：to be overwhelmed
11．禁不住痛哭起来：禁不住couldn't help (crying my
heart out); couldn't help but cried my eyes out。
Spoiled rotten by my parents, I had
been behaving like a real tyrant in the family before I fell sick.
I fell like being thrown into a cold palace the minute when
segregated（separated） and confined in a small house on the hillside
in our garden. I was depressed and frustrated. In a spring evening
when all the flowers were blooming, my parents gave a banquet in
the garden and in no time, the garden was crowded with guests and
the air was floated with laughter. Unnoticed by others, I lifted
the curtain and peeped from my small room at the bustling
kaleidoscope down in the garden. My older brothers and sisters, as
well as my cousins, shuttling joyfully back and forth among the
guests. I was overwhelmed by a bitter sense of being abandoned and
forgotten by people and just couldn't help but cried my eyes
2004年八级汉译英全真题
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following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
在人际关系问题上1我们不要太浪漫主义2。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时3首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验4。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候5，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时6，也是赞不绝口7。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒8，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头9。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态10，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜11。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香12，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧13。
文章体裁属于论说文。作者以小见大，从日常生活小事中冷静悟出人生的哲理。人们若都能理智地对待生活中所遇到的一切，整个社会就会和谐得多。
1．人际关系问题上：in terms of interpersonal
2．不要太浪漫主义：浪漫主义romanticism，但翻译时要符合英语行文习惯，要用形容词，如：Don’t be too
romantic。
3．接触一个人时：此处意指首次接触，因此译为：when it is the
first time you meet a person
4．这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验：this is quite like
the experience of having dinner in a restaurant。
5．吃头盘或冷碟的时候：冷碟hors d’oeuvres[French];
cold dish。When you are having the first course or the cold
6．主菜时：when you have the first two main
7．赞不绝口：full of praise。
8．转喜为怒：your delight turns into
9．转首肯为摇头：turn your approval into
disapproval。
10．你正处于饥饿状态：when you begin to eat you
are hungry。
11．饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜：when you are full,
honey does not taste sweet at all。
12．新盖的茅房三天香：even a new latrine smells
fragrant。
13．“陌生化效应”吧：defamiliarization
We should not be too romantic in terms
of interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that
when it is the first time you meet a person, you only notice his or
her merits. This is quite like the experience of having dinner in a
restaurant. Usually you have a very good impression when you are
having the first course or the cold dishes. And you are full of
praise when you are having the first two main courses. The more
courses you have, the calmer you will become. At the end of the
dinner, you might have found all the demerits. Therefore, your
delight turns into anger, your praise into complaint, and your
approval into disapproval. The reasons for this change are: first,
when you begin to eat you are hungry, and when you are hungry,
crumb seems to b whereas when you are full,
honey does not taste sweet at all. Second, when you begin to eat
upon arrival, everything in the restaurant appears new, even a new
latrine smells fragrant. The defamiliarization effect, isn’t
2005年八级汉译英全真题
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English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
一个人的生命1究竟有多大意义2，这有什么标准可以衡量3吗？提出一个绝对的标准4当然很困难：但是，大体上看5一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真6，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
古来一切有成就的人7，都很严肃地对待自己的生命8，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作9、多学习，不肯虚度年华10，不让时间白白地浪费掉11。我国历代12的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
本文节选自马南邨所作的《生命的三分之一》的开头部分。该文原始出处为《燕山夜话》，北京出版社1980年出版。初中语文自读课本七年级上册第8课《短文两篇》中也选用该文。本文可列为议论文，作者就人应如何设计、对待自己的一生，应如何安排、使用自己的时间阐述了基本的道理，语言朴实，但意义深刻，值得每个人深思。
1．一个人的生命： a person's life。
2．有多大意义：How significant is (a life),
也可以说What is the significance of (a life)。
3．什么标准可以衡量：is there any criterion to
measure it, 也可以说 is there any crit
有的学生说用gauge释义为“测量”，如：a scale to
gauge(测量的标准)，从表层意思上看，此译法似乎可用，但往深层分析，却有不少问题，如本文所讲的“标准可以衡量”，是从抽象内容来讲的，是量杯、尺寸等具体量具，所以从上下文来考虑，还是应以抽象译抽象，这样才能避免肤浅的理解。1995年的八级统测试卷英译汉中，就用measure一词，而未用a
scale to gauge。
4．提出一个绝对的标准：提出：advance或put
forward；advance an absolute standard。
5．大体上看： generally。
6．对待生命的态度是否严肃认真；此处泛指任何人，主语可用he 或one：(to
be judged by) how seriously he treats his life。
7．古来一切有成就的人：古来：through ages： all the
accomplished people through ages，也可用 all people of accomplishment
through ages。
8．对待自己的生命：take或treat their lives (very
seriously)。
9．要尽量多工作：to devote oneself to more work
than to leisure…; to work as much as possible。
10．虚度年华：fool away one’s life或one’s
11．不让时间白白地浪费掉；此处表示强调，说明不蹉跎岁月，即： one
does not let a single minute slip by in vain。
12．我国历代：“我国”在此处应指中华民族，若简单用一个China,份量稍嫌不够，故用Chinese nation译之。
What is the significance of a person's
life? Is there any criterion to measure it? It will be very
difficult to put forward an absolute one, but in general, the
significance of one’s existence can be judged by how seriously he
treats his life, by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he
chooses to live.
Through all ages, all people of
accomplishment take their lives very seriously. As long they are
alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study
than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of
the common laborers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in
the Chinese nation.
2006年八级汉译英全真题
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following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
中国民族1自古以来2从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰3。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小4；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的5。农业社会6的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多7。况中国古代素来不滞于物，不为物役8为最主要的人生哲学9。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀10与巴尔扎克11笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了12。中国民族13多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实14，比西方人容易满足。
这是一篇论说文，文章讲了中华民族与西方民族的不同，即人既非高于万物之上，也非受万物之奴役，而是与自然界保持恰当平和的关系。文章用词淡雅，寓意深刻，平中见奇。翻译好这段文字，有一定的难度。
1．中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
第一句是个复杂的句子，前半部分概说“中国民族”对“人”的认识，后半部分的两个小句分别讲“在哲学、文艺方面”，中国民族是如何看待“人”与自然“万物”关系的，而不是像某些民族那样把人看作“统治万物的主宰”。翻译这句有几个难点：“中国民族”如何译？中国民族意同中华民族，单从字面来看，可译为：The
Chinese nation，但结合上下文，可稍作变通，译成The Chinese
People，此处的people，意指“民族”，而非一般理解上的“人民”。“people”，作“民族”解，既可用复数也可用作单数。本译文选用复数，主要是基于中国民族的“民族大家庭”因素这一考虑。因此本句译为：Chinese
people have never thought of human being as the highest creature
among everything since time immemorial, whose reflection takes a
quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world
in both fields of philosophy and arts, but not as an absolute
dominant ruler.
2．自古以来：通俗说法since ancient
time，但考虑到本文文体风格虽近通俗，但朴素中显文雅，且整篇用词规范，论理严谨，因此选用since time
immemorial…。
3．“统治万物的主宰”：“主宰”作动词可用rule, dominate,
decide, dictate，用名词可用dominator, dictator,
ruler等。但前两者有贬意，后一个是中性词，可用。
4．“为少为小”：“为少”用于可数时可用fewer
than，用于不可数可用less than，“为小”smaller
than…，此处的“为少为小”基本意思是“弱于”，从译者要用地道英语表达原语的主要信息方面考虑，可以用less than the
bitterness and depression of the western people(s)。
5．“苦闷的强弱……随欲望与野心的大小而转移”，the intensity
of bitterness and depression vary（ 或grow）with the size of the
desire and ambition…考虑到此处欲望一般会增强，所以用grow… with the expansion
6．“农业社会”可译成agricultural
society，但考虑到原文的典雅风格，因此选用较典雅的agrarian society。
7．因此欲望也小得多：thus their wants are far
less either.此处的either相当于as well,
即表示“也”之义，与常用either释义有所不同，请读者注意。
8．“不滞于物，不为物役”较难翻译：“滞”在本文中释意为“obstruct,
block, confine”等，“不滞于物”指不被局限于物欲之内，可译成not to be confined by
martial；“不为物役”，“役”指“役使，驱使, 即“not to be a not
be driven by material”等。
9．最主要的人生哲学：the（或their）most important
life philosophy。综合考虑，最后一句根据引文需要，可译为 “ancient Chinese always regard
"not confined by material, not driven by material" as their most
important life philosophy”.
10．莫利哀：莫里哀是十七世纪法国古典主义喜剧大师，其代表作《吝啬鬼》一剧的情节从古罗马作家普劳图斯的《一坛金子》脱胎而来
。他笔下的主人公阿巴贡是个典型的守财奴、吝啬鬼，与果戈理笔下的泼留希金、莎士比亚笔下的夏洛克和巴尔扎克笔下的葛朗台共同构成世界文学中四大吝啬鬼。
11．巴尔扎克（）是19世纪法国伟大的批判现实主义作家，欧洲批判现实主义文学的奠基人和杰出代表。一生中创作96部长、中、短篇小说和随笔，总名为《人间喜剧》，其代表作为《欧也妮?葛朗台》、《高老头》。
12．就小巫见大巫了：“小巫见大巫”是汉语中常见的俗语，常用的词语有：to
be outshone by someone 或to feel dwarfed by, 此句用后一句较好。
13．中国民族：Chinese people, 相当于Chinese
14．性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实：此处连续用了四个名词结构，起平行作用，可以用to be characterized by
moderation, peacefulness, plainness, unworldliness译之。
Chinese people have never thought of
human being as the highest creature among everything since time
immemorial, whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion
with all others in our natural world in both fields of philosophy
and arts, but not as an absolute dominant ruler. Therefore, our
bitterness and depression are basically less than those of
westerners, because the intensity of which is growing with the
expansion of one's desire and ambition. People in the agrarian
society enjoyed far less than people in an industrial society, thus
their wants are far less either. Besides, ancient Chinese always
regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as their
most important life philosophy. It does not mean we do not have
misers, but in comparison with Mauriat and Balzac's miser and
aspirant, ours are dwarfed. Most Chinese are characterized by
moderation, peacefulness, plainness, unworldliness, and easier to
get satisfied than westerners.
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