Olive pollen profilin (Ole e 2 allergen) co-localizes with highly active areas of the actin cytoskeleton and is released to the culture medium duri...
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):332-41. doi: 10.1111/j.08.02044.x.Olive pollen profilin (Ole e 2 allergen) co-localizes with highly active areas of the actin cytoskeleton and is released to the culture medium during in vitro pollen germination.1, , , , .1Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidin. CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.AbstractPollen allergens offer a dual perspective of study: some of them are considered key proteins for pollen physiology, but they are also able to trigger allergy symptoms in susceptible humans after coming in contact with their tissues. Profilin (Ole e 2 allergen) has been characterized, to some extent, as one of the major allergens from Olea europaea L. pollen, a highly allergenic species in the Mediterranean countries. In order to obtain clues regarding the biological role of this protein, we have analyzed both its cellular localization and the organization of actin throughout pollen hydration and early pollen tube germination. The localization of the cited proteins was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy immunofluorescence using different antibodies. Upon pollen hydration and pollen germination, a massive presence of profilin was detected close to the site of pollen tube emergence, forming a ring-like structure around the 'effective' apertural region. Profilin was also detected in the pollen exine of the germinating pollen grains and in the germination medium. After using a permeabilization-enhanced protocol for immunolocalization, profilin was also localized in the cytoplasm of the pollen tube, particularly at both the proximal and apical ends. Noticeable accumulations of actin were observed in the cytoplas particularly, in both the apical region and the area immediately close to the aperture. Actin filaments were not observed, probably due to the need of further enhanced fixation procedures. The ultrastructural localization of profilin showed the presence of the protein in the cytoplasm of both the mature pollen grain and the pollen tube. The results shown here could be interpreted as signs of a massive dissociation of the actin-profilin complexes, mobilization of actin monomers, and therefore, an intense activity of the actin cytoskeleton. The extensive release of allergenic proteins from the pollen grain into the surrounding aqueous media, as described here for profilin, may help us to understand the mechanisms by which these allergens might come in contact with the human mucosa, therefore triggering the symptoms of allergy.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .怎么翻译？BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque ……整句话是 BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize
the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube
tip in Arabidopsis
thaliana_百度作业帮
怎么翻译？BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque ……整句话是 BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize
the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube
tip in Arabidopsis
怎么翻译？BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque ……整句话是 BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize
the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube
tip in Arabidopsis
　　BURSTING POLLEN is required to organize the pollen germination plaque and pollen tube tip in Arabidopsis thaliana　　破裂花粉需要组织花粉萌发和花粉管尖端在拟南芥斑块。　　有用还请采纳，谢谢。　　Useful, please also adopted, thank you.英语翻译There have been many studies conducted to evaluatepollen tube growth and self-incompatibility of various typesof flowers.For example,Adachi et al.,(1983) reported thatthe growth of pollen tubes stopped at the lower part of thestyle in pin_百度作业帮
英语翻译There have been many studies conducted to evaluatepollen tube growth and self-incompatibility of various typesof flowers.For example,Adachi et al.,(1983) reported thatthe growth of pollen tubes stopped at the lower part of thestyle in pin
英语翻译There have been many studies conducted to evaluatepollen tube growth and self-incompatibility of various typesof flowers.For example,Adachi et al.,(1983) reported thatthe growth of pollen tubes stopped at the lower part of thestyle in pin x pin crosses and at the stigma（柱头） in thrum x thrumcrosses of F.esculentum.In addition,fairly highly compatible（亲和的）crosses of buckwheat were reported when homostylouslong-styled flowers with large pollen grains were crossedwith homostylous short-styled flowers with small pollengrains (Molchan,1988).Fesenko (1989) proposed that incompatibilityin a pin x pin cross could be determined by differencesin pollen grain size and style length because the smallpollen grains had insufficient growth to reach the base of thelong styles.In this study,the large pollen grains of the thrumflowers produced fairly thick pollen tubes that could not beeasily penetrated through the less dense tissue of the longstyles in the thrum x thrum cross.In addition,the specificsoluble proteins and enzymes are known to be present inthe stigmas of Lolium multiforum treated with self or non-selfpollen,which suggests that a possible interaction betweenthe pollen and pistil that occurs at the molecular level isresponsible for self-incompatibility (Kalinowski,2006).金山谷歌上直接贴过来的就算了，哥也会，最起码你弄通顺了再来~
已经有许多的研究进行了评价花粉管的生长,从而不同类型鲜花.例如,Adachi等,(1983)报道说花粉管的生长,停在了下面的部分风格在大头针x销传中和在柱头(柱头)在线头x线传中f.此外,相当的高度一致的穿越荞麦报道时花大量花粉进行过与花小花粉提议不兼容在大头针x销交叉可以不同在花粉粒大小、样式长度,因为小花粉粒增长达到了不足的基础漫长的风格.在这项研究中,大量的花粉粒发出鲜花制作相当厚的花粉管不能容易穿了更少致密组织的长风格的线头x线头十字架.此外,具体可溶性蛋白和酶是已知的Lolium multiforum的处理有牵连的自我或异己花粉,这也暗示了一个可能的互动花粉和雌蕊,发生在分子水平上负责Kalinowski虫媒花,2006.
已经有许多的研究进行了评价 花粉管的生长，从而不同类型 鲜花。例如，足立区等，（1983）报道说 花粉管的生长，停在了下面的部分 风格在大头针x销传中和在柱头（柱头）在线头x线头 番茄传中楼。此外，相当的高度兼容（亲和的）。 穿越荞麦报道homostylous时 长式花大量花粉进行过 短式与homostylous花小花...
已经有许多的研究进行了评价
花粉管的生长,从而不同类型
鲜花。例如,Adachi等,(1983)报道说
花粉管的生长,停在了下面的部分
风格在大头针x销传中和在柱头(柱头)在线头x线头
esculentum传中f。此外,相当的高度一致的
穿越荞麦报道homostylous时
long-styled花大量花粉进行过<...In vitro Arabidopsis pollen germination and characterization of the inward potassium currents in Arabidopsis pollen grain protoplasts.
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):1603-14.In vitro Arabidopsis pollen germination and characterization of the inward potassium currents in Arabidopsis pollen grain protoplasts.1, , , .1Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, Key Research Laboratory in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.AbstractThe focus of this study is to investigate the regulatory role of K(+) influx in Arabidopsis pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Using agar-containing media, in vitro methods for Arabidopsis pollen germination have been successfully established for the first time. The pollen germination percentage was nearly 75% and the average pollen tube length reached 135 microm after a 6 h incubation. A decrease in external K(+) concentration from 1 mM to 35 microM resulted in 30% inhibition of pollen germination and 40% inhibition of pollen tube growth. An increase in external K(+) concentration from 1 mM to 30 mM stimulated pollen tube growth but inhibited pollen germination. To study how K(+) influx is associated with pollen germination and tube growth, regulation of the inward K(+) channels in the pollen plasma membrane was investigated by conducting patch-clamp whole-cell recording with pollen protoplasts. K(+) currents were first identified in Arabidopsis pollen protoplasts. The inward K(+) currents were insensitive to changes in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) but were inhibited by a high concentration of external Ca(2+). A decrease of external Ca(2+) concentration from 10 mM (control) to 1 mM had no significant effect on the inward K(+) currents, while an increase of external Ca(2+) concentration from 10 mM to 50 mM inhibited the inward K(+) currents by 46%. Changes in external pH significantly affected the magnitude, conductance, voltage-independent maximal conductance, and activation kinetics of the inward K(+) currents. The physiological importance of potassium influx mediated by the inward K(+)-channels during Arabidopsis pollen germination and tube growth is discussed.PMID:
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