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一体化联合作战指挥信息流通体系逻辑结构分析
针对协同性联合作战向一体化联合作战转变对作战指挥产生的影响,在正确定位指挥信息流通体系的基础上,从一体化联合作战的本质特征及对指挥信息流通体系的影响出发,设计了基本作战单元指挥信息输入、输出模型,并通过将作战体系区分为四类模块,得出了指挥信息流通体系的逻辑结构.
WAN Dong-sheng
HAN Chun-jiu
作者单位：
电子工程学院,安徽,合肥,230037
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万方数据知识服务平台--国家科技支撑计划资助项目（编号：2006BAH03B01）(C)北京万方数据股份有限公司
万方数据电子出版社GCCS - Global Command and Control System - United States Nuclear Forces
GCCSGlobal Command and Control System
The Global Command and Control System (GCCS)
is an automated information system designed to support
deliberate and crisis planning with the use of an integrated
set of analytic tools and the flexible data transfer
capabilities. GCCS will become the single C4I system to
support the warfighter from foxhole to command post.
The C4I for the Warrior (C4IFTW) concept is committed to the challenge of meeting
the warrior's quest for information needed to achieve victory for any mission, at
any time, and at any place.
C4IFTW is the vision and roadmap for creating a
broadly connected joint system providing total battlespace information to the
Joint operations involving multiple land, sea and air units in adaptive joint force
structures increasingly require joint networks and joint systems that are fully
interoperable horizontally across air, sea, space and ground environments.
the ultimate goal of C4IFTW.
The Global Command and Control System (GCCS) is
the midterm solution and the bridge to the concepts outlined in the C4IFTW
GCCS is C4IFTW in action, today.
Facts/Discussion
GCCS is a common operating environment (COE), integration standard, and
migration strategy that eliminates the need for inflexible stovepipe command and
control systems and expensive duplication.
It is the migration of existing systems
into a new COE connected across the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
(SIPRNET) and the integration of selected command and control (C2) systems into a
comprehensive, interoperable system.
Its first priority is to demonstrate the C4IFTW concept's vision by becoming a
globally connected, warrior-involved, interoperable, fully-integrated C4 system.
GCCS core consists of the basic functions required by the warfighter to plan,
execute, and manage military operations.
These functions are then satisfied by
selecting the applications from existing C2 systems that best meet the requirement.
This ensures interoperability, minimizes training requirements and allows efficient
use of limited defense resources.
GCCS has been identified by the Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence as
the C2 migration system to meet the goal of migrating the many Service systems
into fewer, better integrated systems.
GCCS is not a traditional acquisition program nor a grand design effort that is
difficult or cumbersome.
It remains simple and straightforward, being implemented
one step at a time as user feedback helps build the next step.
It implements a
flexible and highly adaptive client-user architecture, tailored for the warfighter as
specified by the warfighter.
On August 30, 1996, DISA officially pulled the plug on the Worldwide Military
Command and Control System (WWMCCS) Intercomputer Network (WIN).
Concurrently, the Joint Staff declared the Global Command and Control System
(GCCS) as the joint command and control system of record.
The NCA implement command and control (C2) through a
process that extends global influence over our national agencies,
military forces, allies, and ultimately, over our adversaries. The
process is extended through a system which provides NCA and subordinate
leaders with a means to exercise their authority and direction. This
process uses information to coordinate resources toward common mission
objectives. It involves a continuous dynamic interaction between
information, the organization, and a support system. Warfighting CINCs,
subunified commands, CJTFs, their respective Service components, and
coalition forces require the ability to respond rapidly and appropriately
to contingencies.
The primary objective of GCCS is to have an architecture consisting
of C2 forces and elements within a highly flexible system. It must be
able to collect, process, disseminate, and protect information. It will support the NCA and subordinate elements in the generation and
application of national power.
Private industry is progressing toward open systems, user friendly
software, and client-server architectures. The Government must leverage
its automation investments by using commercial off-the-shelf software
(COTS) with appropriate security. Otherwise, it will be forced to
maintain outdated systems. The objective of GCCS is to take advantage of
industry de facto standards and user friendly software. The software will
be portable for a wide range of system architectures.
GCCS will be an infosphere (information sphere) of
software and hardware that will link systems together during operations.
An infosphere consists of distributed global networks, computer hardware
and software, space-based C2 support, and other related support systems.
Planning support must be available on a "push" or "pull" basis as
required by the CJTF. "Push" implies over-the-air updating initiated by
the source and based on predetermined criteria. "Pull" implies the
provision of tailored information upon specific request. A standard
interface to the theater/operational infosphere must be provided to all
C4I systems. It must permit access in either the "push" or "pull" mode to
multimedia information.
GCCS is a command and control system supporting the joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and Commanders in Chief (CINCs) in
managing military assets. GCCS will support six mission areas (operations, mobilization, deployment, employment,
sustainment, and intelligence) though eight functional areas:
Threat identification and assessment
Strategy planning aid
Course of action development
Execution planning
Implementation
Monitoring
Risk analysis
Common tactical picture
Sources and Resources
, Department of Defense Inspector General report, April 15, 2003
http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/c3i/gccs.htm
Maintained by
Originally created by John Pike
Updated April 15, 2003MND clarifies rumors about “joint operational command”
&& && && &&
BEIJING, January 6 (ChinaMil) – A rumor has recently spread about Chinese military’s structural reform and “pilot establishment of a joint operational command”, triggering close attention and widespread speculation at home and abroad.
Reporters learnt from the Ministry of National Defense (MND) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on January 5, 2014 that such coverage about “Chinese military to establish a joint operational command in due course and pilot work on the way” is baseless.
Some domestic newspapers reported on January 5 titled “PLA pilots ‘joint operational command’” in which they claimed that the Chinese military has verified that it will establish a joint operational command in due course to enhance its coordination and combat effectiveness in response to emergencies, which is deemed as a basic requirement to meet in the age of information, and that the Chinese military has gone down to its pilot work.
In this regard, the MND clarified this coverage as baseless. The spokesman of the MND has made firm explanations regarding Chinese military’s structural and organizational reform at the regular press conference on November 28, 2013. He said that the modern warfare features information dominance, system confrontation and joint operations and to establish the joint operational command system is the basic requirement of operations and informationalized conditions.
The Chinese military has made positive exploration in this regard. Acting on the decision of the CPC Central Committee, we will deepen the reform on the basis of thorough research and feasibility study in due time and find a path to establish the joint operational command system with Chinese characteristics, the spokesman said.
Related News
&& && && &&联合作战司令部是什么机构？国外如何设立此类机构？内容苏州信息网小编为您整理如下：
1月5日，中央级媒体China Daily 刊文称，中国国防部一位消息人士向他们证实，解放军正在考虑建立联合作战指挥系统（注：原文为joint operational command system,应翻作联合作战指挥系统），并已开始着手开展试点工作。这一动向迅速受到了各界关注，多人将其视为中国军事战略调整的重大信号。随后，同样是中央级媒体的《环球时报》通过自己消息源证实，国防部并不赞同这一说法，称中国试水建立联合作战指挥部是没有根据的。那究竟什么是联合作战司令部？
在我军的军事报道中，常常会提到&联合作战&这一概念。联合作战既可以是单一军种不同兵种之间的作战，如直升机部队与装甲部队的协同作战(同是陆军编制体制内)；也可以是跨军种的联合作战，如三军联合登陆演习。作为此类演习的指挥机构，通常也都称为&联合作战指挥部&或&联合作战司令部&（新浪编者注：按美军的说法，应该是Unified Combatant Command (UCC））。
但这往往是一个临时机构。在我军的编制体制内，没有特定的跨军种常设联合指挥机构，而是由&中央军委&和下设的&总参谋部&承担军种联合指挥作战的需要。在战时，若需要由不同军兵种联合承担作战任务，则会成立战区指挥机构，由大军区领导与辖区内海空军二炮部队等领导会同联合指挥，在中央则会成立&领导小组&，负责各方面的统一协调。例如上世纪的对越自卫反击战，即由中央临时成立的&领导小组&统一指挥。
用官方比较准确的表述是：中央军委通过中国人民解放军总参谋部对各军区、海军、空军、第二炮兵实施作战指挥。驻各军区的陆军集团军和兵种部队归所在军区建制领导和指挥。部署在各军区的海军、空军部队，建制归海、空军，受军区和军委海、空军的双层领导。军区内三军联合作战行动由军区统一指挥。第二炮兵在军委集中领导下，实施垂直指挥。省军区、军分区、县(市)人民武装部隶属军队系统，归所在军区建制领导，同时又是所在省、地、县(市)党委的军事工作部门和政府的兵役机关。
美军在&联合作战司令部&上的探索较深，积累的经验也比较丰富。美军最上层的联合指挥机构为参谋长联合会议，由参联会主席、副主席，陆军参谋长、海军作战部长、空军参谋长和陆战队司令组成，在战时协助国家指挥当局对美国武装力量实施战略指挥。
参联会之下，美军共有10个联合作战司令部，其中6个根据地理划分，4个根据职能划分。其中6个为美国中央司令部、北方司令部、欧洲司令部、太平洋司令部、南方司令部和非洲司令部。其中非洲司令部于2007年批准组建。4个智能性联合作战司令部为美国特种作战司令部(为美国陆军、海军、空军以及陆战队提供特别作战支援)、美国战略司令部(运用战略威慑力量以及协调太空武器运用)、美国运输司令部(为地区司令部提供全球运输支援)和美国联合部队司令部(担负联合军种训练制定联合军种作战条令)。美军六个战区联合作战司令部的辖区如图。
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