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＞＞＞根据汉语完成下列句子。1.当他还是一个小孩子的时候，他就开始学..
根据汉语完成下列句子。1.当他还是一个小孩子的时候，他就开始学习弹钢琴了。&&&&When he was a small boy, he started _____ _____ _____.2. 我不想开车出去兜风。&&&&I don't want to _____ _____ _____ _____.3. 我昨天在游乐场玩得很开心。&&&&I _____ _____ _____ _____ at the amusement park yesterday.4. 你能帮我切一片洋葱吗?&&&&Could you help me _____ _____ a piece of onion?5. 我和我的哥哥长得很像，因为我们是双胞胎。&&&&My brother and I _____ _____ _____, because we are twins.
题型：翻译题难度：中档来源：期末题
1. playing the piano&&&& 2. go for a drive&&3. had a great/good time&& 4. cut up&& 5. look the same3小题答案不唯一
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“根据汉语完成下列句子。1.当他还是一个小孩子的时候，他就开始学..”主要考查你对&&翻译能力&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时就要掌握所学句型及短语，还要灵活运用。汉译英的考点很多，不仅考查学生的语言基本功，即对词汇的记忆能力和理解能力，还考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。&初中英语翻译题解题技巧：翻译题在初中英语试题中占15分，题型分为两种，一种是汉译英（11分），它分为部分翻译5个和整句翻译3个，另一种是英译汉（4分）。汉译英谈谈解题技巧：可以从时态、语态、固定短语、主谓一致、基本句型等许多方面来考查。& 汉译英题的解题步骤如下：& 1.通读汉语，了解这个句子所要表达的意思& 2.阅读英文，找出其中要考查的内容，揣摩出题人的意图，并分析。 3.观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关的词汇、句型，并考虑时态、语态、词形变化、主谓一致等问题。 4.翻译出所缺的英文部分。& 5.将翻译好的句子再通读一遍，并从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。a.上课做笔记是个好习惯。It’s&a&good&habbit&to&_____&in&class.&观察后发现考查的内容为一个短语，所以经过联想，想到take&notes&这个短语，并注意复数形式。&b.几年来，他拍了几部大片。&____________________________这是一个整句翻译，首先想到“几年来”这个短语over&the&years,它是固定短语，然后想到它所用到的时态为现在完成时，所以这个句子写成：Over&the&years,&he&has&made&some&great&movies.&c.必须经常浇树。&一看到这个题目，有的同学有些发懵，因为这个句子没有主语，那么就要想到被动语态，而且是含有“必须”这个情态动词，这时就可以联想到含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：主语+情态动词+be&+p.p&所以这个句子写成：Trees&must&be&watered&often.英译汉解题步骤如下： 1.浏览整段文章，清楚大概内容。& 2.分析划线部分的句子含义，遇到不会的生词，要从上下文的内容中来猜测。& 3.整理好所思考的句子，注意英汉语言方面的差异，所翻译好的句子必须符合汉语逻辑思维,而且语言要通顺，意思要明确。& eg. Do dogs wear shoes? Some police dogs in western Germany do. People made special shoes for them. Police say that these shoes can protect the dogs from broken glass.&翻译这句话时，必须把“do”翻译出来，否则意思不明确。根据上下文”do”表示穿鞋，所以整句翻译为：有些德国西部的警犬穿鞋。 那么，想做好这种类型的题，平时必须多下功夫，必须做到：&1.熟练掌握常用的词汇、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。&2.掌握各种句型结构。&3.掌握各种时态、语态及主谓一致原则。&4.具有用英语思维的习惯。&5.熟读课文，万变不离其宗，无论怎样变化，考试都离不开教材这个大的考纲。英语翻译技巧：英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中。1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：　　（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？ （增译主语和谓语）　　（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）　　（3）Indeed, the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）　　（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）　　（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the mon people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词） 　　（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。This is yet another mon point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）　　（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）&&&&&& （8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits bined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2） I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）
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& 学年高二英语课件：unit 4 section 1(人教版选修7)
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4．Whoever ________ himself quickly ________ the new situations will make rapid progress. 5．The children are encouraged to ________ outdoor activities. 答案：1.hear from　2.was dying to　3.the other day　4.adjusts；to　5.participate in 3．Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. 有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生们究竟有多大的用处，他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。 本句是一个复合句，wonder后跟的是how引导的宾语从句。most of whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰students, most of whom是“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”结构，在语意上相当于most of them。如： Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近我买了一个古老的中国花瓶，它的价格很合理。 She has two sons, both of whom are serving in the army. 她有两个儿子，都在部队服役。 There're sixty students in my class, 80% of whom are from the mountain villages. 我的班里有60位学生，80%来自山村。
活学活用 补全句子 The old couple have two children, ________________(两个孩子都不)able to come to see them when they feel lonely, however. 答案：neither of whom is 4．To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all. 说实在的，我真的不知道我(教的课)是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。 句中to be honest是不定式作插入语，表示“说实在的”。如： To be honest, I don't agree with you. 说实话，我不同意你所说的。 知识拓展 用作插入语的不定式常见的有： to tell the truth老实说 to be brief简言之 to be exact确切地说 to be frank坦率地说 to be sure肯定地说
活学活用 ________________(说实话), the pay isn't attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 答案：To be honest 5．You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people. 你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。 get to＋喜好/认识，表示渐变的过程。如： ①I got to realize how important the happy life was as I grew older. 随着年龄的增长，我逐渐意识到幸福生活的重要性。 ②I got to like the flat we were going to move in. 我逐渐地喜欢上我们即将搬进去的公寓。 ③He got to know why his granny kept the photo so carefully. 他渐渐地知道了他奶奶那么小心地保存这张相片的原因。
活学活用 汉译英 莎莉逐渐意识到她母亲为她做的一切。 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 答案：Sally got to realize what her mother did for her. 6．But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。 did在句中起强调作用，表示“的确；确实”。英语中，如果需要强调谓语，常用助动词do, does或did置于谓语动词之前，此时谓语动词要用原形。“do/does/did＋动词原形”这种强调句中只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。如： Do be careful！千万要小心！ Do come on Sunday.务必星期天来。 I do hope you have a merry Christmas! 衷心祝福你圣诞快乐！ He does speak English well. 他英语说得确实很好。 They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you. 他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。
活学活用 补全句子 如果你有了一份工作，一定要付出努力去做它，最后你将成功。 If you have a job, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and finally you'll succeed. 答案：do devote yourself to it 7．We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 我们走了两个半小时到那儿。先爬到山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡到了下面的山谷。 (1)句子结构分析： (2)句中的from where we had fantastic views为定语从句，引导词为from where，为“介词＋关系副词”结构，相当于from the place where。此结构中的where根据情况可换为when。该结构中的介词可用from，to，since等。 ①I have bought that house, from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge. 我买下了那栋房子，从房子那可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。 ②Our family came to Shenzhen and settled in 1985，since when we have lived there. 我们家1985年来到深圳定居，从此我们一直住在那儿。 活学活用 完成句子。 (1)我们爬上层顶，从那儿可以很好地欣赏城市美景。 We went up to the roof, ________ ________ we had a good view of the city. (2)我们一星期前来到这里，从那时起天气一直不好。 We came a week ago, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：(1)from where　(2)since when the weather has been bad
8．When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying “ieee ieee”． 当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草。看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。 本句中when引导一个时间状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰Tombe's mother, Kiak。had been pulling...是过去完成进行时，其构成是“had been＋现在分词(doing)”，表示在过去某时或者某个动作之前一直进行的动作，暗示该动作持续到过去某时或过去某个动作发生时，且还可能持续下去。句中常含有by引出的时间状语、before或when引导的从句(从句用一般过去时)、表示一段时间的状语(如for hours, all day)等。如： Before you came here, I had been painting the living room all day. 在你来这里之前，我一整天都在粉刷起居室。 It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water. 雨一直下了两天，田地全被淹了。 Nobody knew what this fellow had been doing all these days. 没人知道这个家伙这些天一直在干什么。
活学活用 (真题改编·福建)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 答案：has been taking 9．There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. 这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。 big enough to get through“是adj./adv.＋enough＋to do”结构。enough修饰名词时，可放在该名词前面，也可放在该名词后面。如： The ice is hard enough to skate on. 冰足够坚硬，可以在上面滑冰。 He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。 We have enough food(food enough)for everyone. 我们有足够的食物供大家吃。 活学活用 补全句子 我们只有100美元，它怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。 We only had $100 and that was________ ________ ________ to buy a new computer. 答案：nowhere near enough　考查副词用法。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。 10．When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), corn and greens. 待(石块)烧热之后，他把它们连同考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜一起放进一个空的油桶中。 (1)When hot是承前省略，完整的句子应是： When the stones were hot...。 (2)状语从句的省略原则： 一般情况下，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且有系动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。 ①When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小的时候，就开始学习弹钢琴。 ②If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。 巧学助记 状语从句省略口诀 省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以； 从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的； 从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑； 选择-ed或-ing，主动被动变仔细。 活学活用 (1)(2015真题改编·北京)If ________(accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon. 答案：accepted　句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。 (2)用省略句补全下列句子 ①________ ________(离开前)，turn off all the lights. ②You should stay where you are, ________ ________ ________ ________(除非叫你离开)． 答案：①Before leaving　②unless asked to leave 11．I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. 他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈，我很喜欢听他们的谈话，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。 句中的even though引导一个让步状语从句。主句为前面的I loved listening to...，其中动名词短语listening to...作宾语，后面的现在分词短语talking to each other作宾语补足语。 提示：even though(if)引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或可能成为事实，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反情况或不可能成为事实的情况。如： Even though Bruce gets accepted to Harvard, his family isn't able to afford the expensive tuition. 即使布鲁斯被哈佛大学录取，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。 Even though the poisoned man had been treated in the hospital, he wouldn't have been saved. 即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。 活学活用 (1)(真题改编·四川)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even ________
he wants to. 答案：if/though　本题考查连词的用法。even if/though即使。 (2)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______(即使)they knew it to be valuable. 答案：even though/if 课堂达标验收 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Study harder from now on.O______，you will fall behind. 2．Have you heard of the________(相关的) report? 3．Only the members have the________(特权) of using the sports facilities. 4．The new________(布置) of the furniture changed the atmosphere of the room. 5．Do you know how a(n)________(宇航员)flies in a spacecraft? 6．An officer climbed onto the________(平台)and spoke to him. 7．I cannot understand so abstract c______. 8．He tried to a______ his daily plan to leave time for everything. 9．In this quiet way, the first________(两星期)of her visit soon passed away. 10．What things do you do w________ or monthly, but not every day? 答案：1.Otherwise　2.relevant　3.privilege　4.arrangement 5．astronaut　6.platform　7.concept　8.adjust　9.fortnight 10．weekly Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空 1．She continued to care for her father ________ to the time of his death. 2．If you have time, pay a visit ________ the local museum. 3．I tried to lead the discussion back ________ the main issue. 4．________ exams approaching, it's a good idea to review your class notes. 5．He had to buy a new sofa for his son to sleep ________. 6．Bob told Jess he wanted to share his life ________ her. 7．Some animals have a remarkable ability to adapt ________ changing environments. 8．Community schools provide good quality education______ children who would________have no opportunity to attend school. 9．You can use the cars ________any special occasion. 10．Walking is beneficial________our health. 答案：1.up　2.to　3.to　4.With　5.on　6.with　7.to　8. otherwise　9.for　10.to desire to do sth. have a strong desire for sth. long for/to do sth. She was dying/eager/thirsty for a holiday to relax herself. 她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。 Out of curiosity, I'm eager to know the truth. 出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。
活学活用 (1)①Jerry ________ ________ ________(渴望) be a pianist. ②I'm so thirsty that I ________ ________ ________(渴望得到) a cup of tea. 答案：①is dying to　②am dying for (2)①Now I'm hungry and ________(die) I had breakfast too early this morning. ②After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts are dying________walk in space. 答案：①dying　句意：现在我饿了，极想吃顿大餐。今天早晨我早饭吃得太早了。be dying for sth.渴望得到某物。 ②to　句意：杨利伟成功绕地球飞行之后，中国宇航员们渴望在太空行走。考查固定结构。be dying to do sth.极想做某事。 3．the other day不久前的一天 I saw Tom at the bank the other day. 几天前我在银行见到过汤姆。 知识拓展 one day(将来或过去的)某一天 some day(将来的)某一天 day by day一天天地，强调变化 day after day日复一日，强调重复 another day改天；另一天 by day白天里
One day I met a friend of mine in the street. He told me he would come to see me another day. So I have been expecting him day after day. 一天我在街上遇到了我的一个朋友，他告诉我改天再来看我。因此我就每天盼着他来。 比较网站 the other day, one day, some day, another day the other day 不久前的一天 用于一般过去时 one day 某一天 既可指过去的某一天，又可指将来的某一天 some day 将来的某一天 用于一般将来时 another day 改天 可表近期将来的某一天，也可表过去或状态延续的“又一天” 活学活用 (1)________ ________ ________(不久前的一天) the researchers caught a special seal in the sea near the A however, they were not aware of how old it was. 答案：The other day　the other day“不久前的一天”，指过去的某一天，用于一般过去时态。 (2)—What about going to the cinema this weekend? —I'd love to, but I have a lot to deal with. Let's make it________ ________(改天)． 答案：another day　句意为：“这周末去看电影怎样？”“我想去，但有很多事情要处理，改天吧。”another day改天，符合语境。 4．come across偶然遇见；被理解 I came across an American on the way home, whose words did not really come across. 我在回家的路上偶然遇见一个美国人，但他的话我没能真正理解。 知识拓展 come about产生；发生 come out出版；出来；开花(无被动) come to达到 come into being产生；形成 how come怎么会
I don't know how the differences came about. 我不知道这种差异是如何产生的。 If she spent five years in Paris, how come she can't speak a word of French? 她如果在巴黎待了五年，怎么一句法语都不会说呢？ 活学活用 用恰当词语填空 (1)The book which came ________ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai. 答案：out (2)—Alvin, are you coming with us? —I'd love to, but something unexpected has come ________. 答案：up　句意：——艾维，你和我们一起走么？——我想去，但出现了未预料到的事情。现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响。此处表示未预料到的事情发生了，使得我不能走。 5．make a difference产生差别，有影响，起重要作用 Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause. 你们的支持对我们的事业肯定是有影响的。 比较网站 make no/a little/much/some difference没有/有一点/有很大/有一些差别 make a difference between区分…… tell the difference between分辨……的差别 The rain didn't make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没多大影响。 It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 不管他去或是不去，对我都没有影响。 Does it make any difference which side will win? 哪边赢有关系吗？ 温馨提示：注意difference前常用a, some, little, much, no, any等修饰。 活学活用 (1)补全句子 ①这场雪对他打篮球没多大影响。 The snow didn't ________ ________ ________ to his playing basketball. ②你是去是留对我来说都无所谓。 It ________ ________ ________ to me whether you go or stay. 答案：①make much difference　②makes no difference
(2)(2015真题改编·天津)See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't________sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
答案：make　句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。 6．dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干，干透 ①We waited for our wet clothes to dry out. 我们等着我们的湿衣服晾干。 ②Don't leave the vegetable on the table, or it will dry out. 不要把蔬菜放在桌子上，否则它会变干的。 知识拓展 dry up(河流、井等)干涸 dry off(使)变干 The pond dried up in the summer. 那个池塘在夏天干涸了。 The swimmer dried off in the hot sun. 游泳的人在烈日下晒干身体。 比较网站 dry out，dry up dry out 强调浸水等物的完全变干；干透 dry up 强调河流、井等干烟；使干/枯竭 活学活用 (1)用适当的介词或副词填空 ①The paint should have dried ________ by this time tomorrow. ②His imagination seems to have dried ________. 答案：①out　②up (2)补全句子 经常给植物浇水，别让土壤干透了。 Water the plant regularly, never ________ ________ ________ ______ ________. 答案：letting the soil dry out 1.Well, it's a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. 它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。 (1)本句是一个简单句，破折号后面的内容起解释说明作用。roofs与of grass之间省略了are made。 (2)句中的be made of意为“由……制成”(能够直接看出原材料)。如： The table is made of wood. 这桌子是用木头做的。 The overcoat is made of leather. 这件大衣是用皮革做的。 知识拓展 (1)be made from由……制成(无法看出原材料)。如： Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的。 (2)be made in表示“在……地方制造”。如： He bought his wife a skirt in America, but when he got home, he found that it was made in China. 他在美国给妻子买了条裙子，但回家后他发现裙子是在中国制造的。 (3)be made into是make...into的被动形式，表示“被制成……”。如： We're making our attic into an extra bedroom. 我们正在把阁楼改装成一间额外的卧室。
(4)be made up of由……组成，相当于consist of。如： The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。 (5)be made by由……制作(by后接制造者) (6)be made out of由……制成；用……改制而成 活学活用 (1)汉译英 ①他很快地就用这些木材造出一条船。 _______________________________________________ ②长城是由石头和砖头砌成的 _______________________________________________ 答案：①He made the wood into a boat quickly. ②The Great Wall is made of stones and bricks.
(2)Nowadays furniture________(make) of wood costs more than that of other materials. 答案：made　句意：现今木制家具比其他材料的家具贵。过去分词短语made of...在此作后置定语。 2．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! 有一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒泡了！ (1)when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。before I knew it是时间状语。本句为“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式，意为“正在做……就在这时……”；when为并列连词，意为“正在这时”。
①I was doing my homework when my mother came back home. 当妈妈回家的时候我正在写作业。 ②The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain. 孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。 知识拓展 be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)……　如： I was about to go out when Tom came in. 我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。 (2)本句中before用作连词，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。如： Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room. 不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。 before还可以用于： ①It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。如： It will be five years before I come back. 我五年后才能回来。 It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their
country. 不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。 ②如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。如： It won't be long before they understand each other. 他们不久就会互相了解的。 ③“趁……(还没有)”之意。如： They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。 Do it before you forget it. 趁早动手，以免忘了。 活学活用 (1)汉译英 我正在弹钢琴时，电话铃响了。 _______________________________________________ 答案：I was playing the piano when the telephone rang. (2)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help. 答案：when　考查时间状语从句。句意：有个星期五，我们正收拾行囊准备外出度周末时，突然间女儿听到了求救声。“was/were doing... when...”为固定句式，表示“正在做……时突然……”。 (3)The girl had hardly rung the bell________the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 答案：before　考查连词。根据“had hardly rung the bell”和“the door was opened”的发生先后，可以得出答案。句意为：女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。 (4)(2015真题改编·天津) We need to get to the root of the problem________we can solve it. 答案：before　句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。before 在……之前，符合文意。
2．relevant adj.有关的；切题的；有实际价值的 ①His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。 ②What you say is not relevant to the matter in hand. 你所说的与目前这件事无关。 知识拓展 be relevant to与……有关 be related to与……有关 be concerned with与……有关 be involved in与……有关 be associated with与……有关 relevance n．关联，贴切，中肯 relevantly adv.有关地；切题地 irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的 be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关 活学活用 (1)What he said was not directly relevant________ what he had done. 答案：to　句意为“他说的话与他所做的事情没有直接的关系”。be relevant to...“与……有关”，符合题意。 (2)The criminal, as well as some________people, was arrested by the police yesterday. 答案：relevant　句意：那个罪犯，连同一些相关的人昨天被警方逮捕了。考查形容词辨析。relevant相关的。 3．remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的 ①It all seemed remote but gradually the improvements have been seen here. 这一切似乎很遥远，但这里的工作已逐渐得已改进。 ②The volunteer teaches in one of the most remote areas of the world. 这位志愿者在世界上最偏僻的一个地区教书。 知识拓展 remotely adv.遥远地；关系远地 remoteness n．遥远 remote control遥控(器) be remote from离……远；与……相差很大 The old man lives in a house remote from any town or village. 那位老人住在一所远离村镇的房子里。 Much new knowledge is remote from the immediate interests of the ordinary person. 许多新知识与普通人目前的利益关系甚远。 比较网站 remote, far和distant remote 指时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在兴趣、感情等方面距离很大，还指关系方面的疏远。 far 用来表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远，还可指引申意义的远。 distant 指时间、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的远。
Mail comes to this remote village only once a week. 邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。 The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe. 我们很难观察月亮远的一面。 He is a distant cousin of mine. 他是我的一位远房表亲。 活学活用 汉译英 (1)There is still a remote chance that they will find her alive. _______________________________________________ (2)你的评论跟我们正谈的问题关系不大。 _______________________________________________ 答案：(1)他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。 (2)Your comments are rather remote from the subject we are discussing. 4．adjust v．调整；(使)适合 ①She adjusted the seat to the height of her son. 她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。 ②He tried to adjust his daily schedule to leave time for everything. 他设法调整日常时间表，以便能有时间顾及所有的事。 知识拓展 adjust sth. to sth.调整……以适合 adust to sth./doing sth.适应于…… adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment作出调整 He soon adjusted himself to the army life. 他很快就适应了军旅生活。 比较网站 adapt和adjust
You should adjust your watch. It's five minutes slow. 你应该调准你的手表，它慢五分钟。 I believe that a good hotel must adapt itself to changing times. 我认为一个好的宾馆必须适应潮流。 adapt 指在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。 adjust 侧重调整、调节使适应，改变的幅度要小一些，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。 活学活用 (1)补全句子 ①她把座椅调到适合她孩子的高度。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ the height of her child. ②她很快使自己适应了这种生活方式。 She soon ________ ________ ________ this way of life. 答案：①adjusted the seat to　②adjusted herself to (2)①She went through a period of emotional________ (adjust)after her company fell into ruins and she finally decided to find a new job. ②The height of the bicycle seat is________(adjust)． 答案：①adjustment　句意：在她的公司倒闭之后，她经历了一段时期的情绪调整，最终决定找一份新工作。adjustment调整；形容词后跟名词。 ②adjustable　句意：这辆自行车车座的高度可以调节。adjustable意为“可调整的；可调节的”，符合句意。 5．lay vt.放置；铺设　vt.下(蛋)；产卵 ①He laid the book on the bookshelf a moment ago. 他刚才把这本书放在了书架上。 ②He laid the new carpet on the floor yesterday. 昨天他把新地毯铺在了地板上。 温馨提示：lie(躺)；lie(撒谎)；lay的区别如下表： 动词原形 汉语意思 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 撒谎 lied lied lying lie 躺，位于 lay lain lying lay 放，下蛋 laid laid laying 记忆要决： 有规则的撒撒谎，(作“撒谎”讲时，变化符合规则) 不规则的放和躺，(作“放”和“躺”讲时，变化不符合规则) 现在放乃过去躺，(作“放”讲时的现在式即原形和作“躺”讲时的过去式是同一词) 放与撒谎变同样，(作“放”和“撒谎”讲时，变化特点一样如：lied, lied, laid, laid。而作“躺，位于”讲时则不同) 活学活用 There was an oil painting________(lay) in the corner. It ________(lay) there for several days. 答案： had lain　句意为：在那个角落里有一张油画，它在那儿好几天了。第一空作定语修饰painting。可用两种形式：一是lying，是lie的现在分词，表示状态；二是laid，是lay(放置)的过去分词，与painting是被动关系。第二空只能填had lain, lain是lie表示“躺，位于”时的过去分词，没有被动形式。 6．participate vi.参加，参与 ①He often participates in activities after class. 他经常参加课外活动。 ②I participate in your suffering and joy. 我跟你同甘共苦。 温馨提示：participate通常与in连用 知识拓展 participate with sb. in sth.与某人分担…… participate in sth.＝take part in参加 participate in sth. with sb.同某人参与某事 participant n．参加者；共享者 participation n．参与；分担；共享 比较网站 participate in, attend, join, take part in, join in participate in 正式用语，表示“参加，参与”。强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加 attend 正式用语，一般指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等 join 常用词，作及物动词；通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员 take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词加形容词 join in 参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐活动、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于join in (doing) sth./join sb. in(doing) sth.结构中 活学活用 (1)选词语并用其适当形式填空(participate in/take part in/attend/join/join in)． ①They all ________________ the competition. ②At the age of eight, he ________________ a group of child dancers. ③He didn't ________________ school yesterday because of his illness. ④Zhou Enlai ________________ the student movements actively when he was at school. ⑤The children ________________ the English evening and had a good time. 答案：①participated in　②joined　③attend　④took part in　⑤joined in (2)The students are participating________ a discussion on how to save water. 答案：in　句意为“学生们正在参与一个关于怎样节水的讨论”。participate in sth.“参加某种活动”符合题意。 7．otherwise conj.否则；不然　adv.用别的方法；其他方面；除此以外 ①The collection is a good draw that brings visitors who might not come otherwise. 收藏很吸引人，不然就没这么多人来参观了。 ②He says it's genuine, but we think otherwise. 他说这是真理，但我们不这样认为。 ③The soup was cold, but it was otherwise an excellent meal. 除了汤是凉的以外，那顿饭菜是很好的。 温馨提示：otherwise常用在虚拟语气中，替代非真实条件句；另外“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型也是高考的重点。如： We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time. 我们在机场被耽搁了，不然的话我们午饭时就到了。 活学活用 (1)These national parks are very important for preserving animals, which would ________ run the risk of becoming endangered. 答案：otherwise (2)完成句子 We don't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we ________ ________ ________(give) you a hand. 答案：would have given 8．privilege n．特权；特别优待 vt.给予……的优惠/特权 Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 教育应是全民的权利而非部分人享有的特权。 知识拓展 privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的 It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。 have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事 I hope to have the privilege to work with you. 我希望有幸与你合作。 These policies privilege the children of wealthy parents. 这些政策特别优待富家子弟。
活学活用 补全句子 只有本旅馆内的客人才享有在九楼打保龄球的特权。 Only guests of the hotel enjoy ________ ________ ________ bowling on the 9th floor. 答案：the privilege of
9．arrangement n．安排；排列 ①The secretary has made the arrangement of the time and place for the meeting. 秘书为这次会议时间和地点做好了安排。 ②We have finished all the arrangements for the party. 我们已经完成晚会的所有安排工作。 知识拓展 come to an arrangement谈妥；达成协议 make arrangement for为……做好准备；为……做好安排 make arrangement with sb.与(某人)商定或约好，(和某人)达成协议；做好准备；做出安排 arrange v．安排，排列，协商 arrange(for sb./sth.)to do sth.安排(某人/某物)做某事 arrange with sb. to do sth.和某人商定做某事 活学活用 (1)用恰当形式填空 Our manager made a special________(arrange)to discuss our progress in sales once a week. 答案：arrangement　句意：我们经理每周做一次特别的安排来讨论我们的销售业绩。make an arrangement to do sth.安排做某事。 (2)—I hear that you will be on travel again. —Yeah. My boss arranged ________ me to discuss business details with someone from another company. 答案：for 1.hear from接到……的信 I look forward to hearing from her. 我盼望着收到她的信。 知识拓展 hear about/of听说；听到；听到说起 hear that...听人说起…… hear sb. do sth.听到某人做了某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 I've never heard of anyone doing a thing like that. 我从来没听说有人会做这种事。 We often hear the couple quarrel. And this morning when I was passing by, I heard them quarreling again. 我们经常听到这对夫妇吵架，今天早上我路过时又再次听到他们吵架的声音。 温馨提示：hear from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接某人的信(letter)作宾语。“收到某人的信”可用get a letter from sb.来表示。 活学活用 补全句子 (1)Do you often ________ ________(收到来信) your brother? (2)I have never ________ ________(听说) such a foolish person before. 答案：(1)hear from　(2)heard of/about 2．(be)dying to do极想；渴望 ①I'm dying to chat with you online again. 我极想和你再次在网上聊天。 ②The students are dying to know the result of the exam. 学生们正渴望知道考试结果。 知识拓展 (1)be dying for/to do sth.极想/渴望(做)某事；迫切想要(做)某事 (2)同义表达还有： be eager for/to do sth. be thirsty for sth. 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 人教版 · 选修7 Sharing Unit 4 Section Ⅰ　Warming- Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending Unit 4 课堂要点探究
2 课堂达标验收 3 课前新知预习 1 课 时 作 业 4 课前新知预习 Ⅰ.词汇过关 1．音意记忆 (1)/'f?:tnaIt/________(n.)两星期 (2)/ru:f/________(n.)屋顶；车顶 (3)/'k?nsept/________(n.)观念；概念 (4)/'rel?v?nt/________(adj.)有关的；切题的 (5)/rI'm??t/________(adj.)遥远的；偏僻的 (6)/wi:d/________(n.)杂草；野草
(vt.& vi.)除杂草 fortnight roof concept relevant remote weed (7)/'plaetf?:m/________(n.)台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台 (8)/bru:m/________(n.)扫帚 (9)/'???waIz/________(conj.)否则；不然(adv.)用别的方法；其他方面 (10)/'prIv?lId?/________(n.)特权；特别优待 platform broom
otherwise privilege 2.形意记忆 (1)nud(n.)泥；泥泞→________(adj.)泥泞的；泥土般的 (2)week(n.)周，星期→________(adj.& adv.)每周(的) (3)rectangle(n.)矩形；长方形→__________(adj.)长方形的；矩形的 (4)adjust(vi.& vt.)调整；(使)适合→__________(n.)调整； 适应 (5)participate(vi.)参与；参加→____________(n.)参加→___________(n.)参加者，参与者 (6)arrangement(n.)安排；排列→________(v.)安排；排列 muddy weekly rectangular adjustment participation participant arrange Ⅱ.短语自查 1．确切地，肯定
________________ 2．不久前的一天
________________ 3．产生影响
________________ 4．与某人握手
________________ 5．颠倒地
________________ 6．(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
________________ 7．(指河流、井等)干涸
________________ dry out for sure the other day make a difference shake hands with sb. upside down dry up
8．hear from
________________ 9．(be) bying to
________________ 10．adapt to
________________ 11．come across
________________ 12．to be honest
________________ 接到……的信 极想；渴望 适应 偶然遇到 说实话
Ⅲ.经典句式 1．The reading passage is an airmail letter from a young Australian woman, Jo, __________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________in Papua New Guinea(PNG)for two years. 这段阅读材料是来自一名年青的澳大利亚女士的航空邮件，她叫乔，在巴布亚新几内亚志愿从教两年。 2．I know______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， so I've included some photos ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ______ ________ ______. 我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈的地方。 3．________ ________ ________I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment ________， before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere. 有一天，我在给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了。 4．I loved________ ________the family softly__________ ________ ________ ________in their language, ______ ________I could not________ ________the conversation. 我喜欢听他们一家人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能加入他们的谈话。 答案：1.who worked as a volunteer teacher 2．you're dying to hear al which will help you picture the places I talk about 　3.T when　4. t participate in Ⅳ.语篇理解 根据课文内容填空 In the letter that Jo wrote to Rosemary, she told of her experiences of being a teacher in a 1.________ school in Africa. We can imagine how difficult it was for her to work there, since there was no 2.________ or 3.________， and no 4.________ for science subjects. And students had to walk a long way to the school. It was difficult for her to get to know the 5.________ people as she didn't know much Pidgin English, but there was one chance that she 6.________ to visit the home of one of her students. After as long as two and a half hours'
hard journey, she and another teacher Jenny arrived at Tombe's house, a low 7.________ hut with grass sticking out of the roof. They entered the room through the narrow 8.________， and the hut was dark inside so it took time for their eyes to 9.________. At dinner，Jo and Jenny learned a lot of local traditional customs. Jo really felt it was a great 10.________ to have spent a day with Tombe's family. 答案：1.bush　2.electricity　3.water　4.equipment　5.local　6.managed　7.bamboo　8.doorway　9.adjust　10.privilege 课堂要点探究 1.volunteer n．志愿者；v.自愿 They need some volunteers to help paint the house. 他们需要几个自愿帮助漆房屋的人。 活学活用 (1)The girl worked as a ________ ________(教师志愿者) in the mountainous area for three years. 答案：volunteer teacher　volunteer可以当名词和动词使用。作名词时，可以在句中充当定语。a volunteer teacher“一个教师志愿者”。 (2)Now let's recite the poem we learned last week. Any________？ 答案：volunteers　本题题意：现在背诵上周学的那首诗。谁自告奋勇？volunteer表示“志愿者”。 (3)If you wish to join our committee and volunteer ________ the betterment of the whole school, please register in the Admissions Office. 答案：for　本题题意：如果您愿意加入委员会，成为学校的志愿者，请到入学办公室报名。volunteer“自愿；自愿服务”，常常和介词for连用。
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