求英语高手帮忙解答几道英语的阅读理解题，谢谢_英语吧_百度贴吧
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求英语高手帮忙解答几道英语的阅读理解题，谢谢收藏
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为兴趣而生，贴吧更懂你。或[转载请注明来源，谢谢][全球首发！]大学英语六级考试中阅读理解题的选项特征分析
大学英语六级考试中阅读理解题的选项特征分析
北京新东方学校国内考试部 六级阅读教师
在大学英语六级考试中，阅读理解题占据分值比例为35%，相比于听力理解题需要大量练习而言，对于广大考生来说更容易突破一点，是为整个六级考试中决定成败的题目。值此考试临近，笔者将在本文中给广大考生梳理一下阅读理解题的选项特征，以达到明确备考思路，有的放矢！
通常来说，到这个阶段，考生已经把近年的真题都做过一大部分了，这时往往会出现慌乱，并开始去做各种模拟题，这是笔者所不推荐的，笔者认为只有真题会对考试有针对性的指向。那这时如果再看真题可能有的考生朋友会说：“答案都记住了，单词也背了，还有什么值得看的？”之类的问题，笔者建议还是要看，要研究正确答案与文章的关系。
笔者认为，在六级阅读部分，正确答案与文章存在四种关系：
1. 原文再现；
2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换；
3. 语序调整同义替换；
4. 全文整体同义转换。
而六级的几个阅读问题分别对应方法如下：
快速阅读，平均每次考试有约八道题都属于1.原文再现；2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换；
简答题，平均每次考试有约四道题属于1.原文再现；
传统阅读，平均每次考试大部分属于2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换和3.
语序调整同义替换。少数会出现1. 原文再现和4. 全文整体同义转换。
这个阶段看做过的题，笔者建议考生尽量把选项与文章进行对比，看看能不能把每个题的选项与文章按以上关系对号入座。经过这样的思考，当我们再看到新题时，就会不由自主的给每个选项进行归类分析，也就能相对更快的找出正确答案了。
下面，以2010年12月的六级阅读真题中的快速阅读和一篇传统阅读为例进行分析。
快速阅读：
In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension
system in most countries could ______.
［A］ not be sustained in the long
［B］ further accelerate the ageing
［C］ hardly halt the growth of
population
［D］ help tide over the current ageing
来自文章中的这句：
By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that
something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old
Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries
were unsustainable.
由此可见，A与原文说法最为接近，属于2.
结构相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的unsustainable换成了not be sustained。
What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?
［A］ The generation gap is bound to
［B］ Intergenerational conflicts will
intensify.
［C］ The younger generation will beat
［D］ Old people should give way to the
来自文章的这句：
They had titles like Young vs
Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm,
and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for
the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and
soon there would be intergenerational warfare.
由此可见，B与原文说法最为接近，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的intergenerational warfare替换成了intergenerational
conflicts。
One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming
is that ______.
［A］ nobody is willing to sacrifice
their own interests to tackle the problem
［B］ most people are against measures
that will not bear fruit immediately
［C］ the proposed reforms will affect
too many people’s interests
［D］ politicians are afraid of losing
votes in the next election
来自文章中的这句：
Governments in rich countries now
accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become
unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far
only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on
the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures
that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.
由此可见，D与原文说法最为接近，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中politicians with an eye on the next
election替换成了politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next
election。
The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension
crisis is to ______.
［A］ allow people to work longer
&&&&&&&&&&
［C］ cut back on health care provisions
［B］ increase tax revenues
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
［D］ start reforms right away
来自文章中的这句：
By far the most effective method to
restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work
longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on
pensions at the same time.
由此可见，A项为最佳，属于1. 原文再现。
The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is
that ______.
［A］ they are generally difficult to
［B］ the longer they work, the higher
their pension
［C］ their pay is higher than that of
younger ones
［D］ younger workers are readily
来自文章中的这句：
Employers still need to be persuaded
that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because
they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks
to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few
decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing
employers’ choice.
由此可见，D项与原文最接近，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的plenty of younger ones to choose
from替换成了younger workers are readily available。
To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need
［A］ to revise its current population
control policy
［B］ large numbers of immigrants from
［C］ to automate its manufacturing and
service industries
［D］ a politically feasible policy
concerning population
来自文章中的这句：
Japan would need a large multiple of
the few immigrants it has at present.
由此可见，B项最为接近原文，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的a large multiple of the few immigrants替换成了large
numbers of immigrants。
Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one
［A］ Small families are becoming more
fashionable.
［B］ They find it hard to balance career
and family.
［C］ It is too expensive to support a
large family.
［D］ Child care is too big a problem for
来自文章中的这句：
Women find it hard to combine family
and career. They often compromise by having just one child.
由此可见，B项最为接近原文，属于2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的combine family and
career替换成了balance career and family。
传统阅读：
52. In the early 20th century Americans
believed science and technology could _______.
［A］ solve virtually all existing
&&&&&&&&&&
［C］ help raise people’s living standards
［B］ quicken the pace of
industrialization
［D］ promote the nation’s social progress
来自文章中的这句：
In the early 20th century, few things
were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a
world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and
technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem.
由此可见，A项最为接近原文，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的offer solutions to almost every
problem替换成了solve virtually all existing problems。
Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic
studies after World WarⅡ?
［A］ They wanted to improve their own
status within the current education system.
［B］ They believed the stability of a
society depended heavily on humanistic studies.
［C］ They could get financial support
from various foundations for humanistic studies.
［D］ They realized science and
technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.
来自文章中的这句：
Two world wars and a Great Depression
rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise
alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War
Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic
studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the
survival of democracy.
由此可见，D项与原文最为接近，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的rocked the confidence …… scientific expertise
alone could create a prosperous and ordered world替换成了science and
technology alone were no guarantee for a better world。
54. Why are American scholars worried
about education today?
［A］ The STEM subjects are too
challenging for students to learn.
［B］ Some Asian countries have overtaken
America in basic sciences.
［C］ America is lagging behind in the
STEM disciplines.
［D］ There are not enough scholars in
humanistic studies.
来自文章中的这句：
There is considerable and justified
concern that the United States is falling behind much
of the rest of the developed world in these essential
disciplines.
由此可见，C项最为接近原文，属于2.
结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的falling替换成了lagging，essential
disciplines指代上文中的STEM disciplines。
55. What accounts for the significant
decline in humanistic studies today?
［A］ Insufficient funding.
&&&&&&&&&&
Shortage of devoted faculty.
［B］ Shrinking enrollment.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
［D］ Dim prospects for graduates.
来自文章中的这句：
At the same time, perhaps inevitably,
the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and
universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic
disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government
and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves.
由此可见，A项与原文最接近，属于2.
结构顺序相同，词语同义替换。把原文中的underfunded替换成了insufficient funding。
56. Why does the author attach so much
importance to humanistic studies?
［A］ They promote the development of
science and technology.
［B］ They help prepare students for
their professional careers.
［C］ Humanistic thinking helps define
our culture and values.
［D］ Humanistic thinking helps cultivate
students’ creativity.
来自文章中的这句：
But try to imagine our world as well
without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and
由此可见，C项与原文最为接近，属于1. 原文再现。
明确了这些正确答案的特征再看新题，相信会给各位考生朋友一点启发。最后附上另一篇2010年12月的传统阅读题，以供大家训练一下。
Will there ever be another Einstein?
This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial
meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge,
scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than
200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac
Many physicists say the next Einstein
hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest
for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of
nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must
be created before the problem can be solved.
But researchers say there are many
other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime
For one thing, physics is a much
different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few
thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could
intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar
with seats to spare.
Education is different, too. One
crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the
years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and
Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and
abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he
became a philosopher himself.
“The independence created by
philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction
between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker
after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.
And he was an accomplished musician.
The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would
furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty
physics problem.
Today, universities have produced
millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them,
so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their
analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.
“Maybe there is an Einstein out there
today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it
would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”
Especially considering what Einstein
was proposing.
“The actual fabric of space and time
curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering
at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will
bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the
solution.”
Perhaps the best examples are the five
scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905.
These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and
submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a
virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.
What might happen to such a submission
“We all get papers like those in the
mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What do scientists seem to agree
upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?
［A］ Einstein pushed mathematics almost
to its limits.
［B］ It will take another Einstein to
build a unified theory.
［C］ No physicist is likely to surpass
Einstein in the next 200 years.
［D］ It will be some time before a new
Einstein emerges.
58. What was critical to Einstein’s
［A］ His talent as an accomplished
［B］ His independent and abstract
［C］ His untiring effort to fulfill his
potential.
［D］ His solid foundation in math
59. What does the author tell us about
physicists today?
［A］ They tend to neglect training in
analytical skills.
［B］ They are very good at solving
practical problems.
［C］ They attach great importance to
publishing academic papers.
［D］ They often go into fields yielding
greater financial benefits.
60. What does Brian Greene imply by
saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines
1-2, Para. 9)?
［A］ People have to compete in order to
get their papers published.
［B］ It is hard for a scientist to have
his papers published today.
［C］ Papers like Einstein’s would
unlikely get published today.
［D］ Nobody will read papers on
apparently ridiculous theories.
When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.
［A］ forgot to make footnotes and
［B］ was little known in academic
［C］ was known as a young genius in math
calculations
［D］ knew nothing about the format of
academic papers
参考答案：
57. D）It will be some time before a new
Einstein emerges （3. 语序调整同义替换）
58. B）His independent and abstract
thinking （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换）
59. D）They often go into fields
yielding greater financial benefits （4. 全文整体同义转换）
60. C）Papers like Einstein’s would
unlikely get published today （4. 全文整体同义转换）
61. B）was little known in academic
circles （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换）
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