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How to Make a Good Speech? 怎样做一个成功的演讲者？
　　you are a student who wants to find a good job after graduation, you have to take a job interview and make a presentation or a speech. How to make yourself impressed and present an impressive speech in front of interviewers. What you should pay special attention to? Here are some instructive suggestions: Prepare: Plan ahead and think about what you are going to say. In the words of Mark Twain, it usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech. Know your subject: You may be very high in IQ and very good in writing, but always ensure you know the subject and have background information at hand for question time. Know your audience: Find out who you will be addressing so that you can tailor your comment accordingly. Clients, bankers, professors and managers, for example, require a different approach to that needed for classmates at an in-house gathering. Make a point: Keep your speech short and concise and have a few clear points that you need to convey. Emphasize these and tone down on any oral paraphernalia that will confuse the message. Practice: Never meditate your speech in heart as your delivery will become stilted, but do rehearse it a few times in front of the mirror, your partner or your dog. Stay calm: A little nervous energy can enhance your speech, but too much can be disastrous. Do not rely on alcohol for help, no matter how much you need Dutch courage. Take a deep breath and keep a clear head. Eye contact: Creating a personal rapport with your audience is a skill that separates gifted speakers from the mundane. If the thought of looking into a sea of faces scares you, adjust your gaze regularly at different points in the room to create the same effect. First impression: Your initial impression is vital when making a public presentation. Find out about dress codes at the venue so that you look your best and, if possible, check the microphone beforehand to ensure you know how to use it. 9. Vary tone and body language: Monotony kills a speech. Nerves cause your vocal chords to restrict, raising the pitch of your voice. Make an effect to breathe deeply and enunciate clearly. Plopping your arms down will distract your listeners but natural, descriptive movements can enhance meaning. you follow the simple suggestions above, you would find that a public speaking or presentation is just a piece of cake. Once it&s done, you may find that it&s a enjoyable process so that you may have desire to make more speeches.
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BBC六分钟英语听力精选：How to prepare for an exam 如何准备考试
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大家好,欢迎收听BBC六分钟英语听力精选，我们将会给你带来各种各样的消息新闻，今天要说的是如何准备考试的话题。
BBC六分钟英语听力精选：How to prepare for an exam 如何准备考试
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小E英语欢迎您,请点击播放按钮开始播放……
How to prepare for an exam
如何准备考试。
现在英国所有的学生都正在努力备考。今天Alice和Rob一起来讨论哪些复习小技巧有效和哪些没有，包括Rob将书本放在枕头下睡觉和洗澡时歌唱。
本周问题：
以下哪个词汇可以用来表示借助特殊的诗词或韵律来帮助自己系统记忆知识的？
a) 气体力学
今天我们一起听节目，找出正确答案吧。
听力内容：
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Alice&
Rob: & And I'm Rob.
Alice: So, it's nearly exam time again. And the subject of today's show is how to prepare well for an exam.
Rob: I've got some great tips, actually, Alice.
Alice: Have you really? Can you remind me what grades you got at school?
Rob: Yes, well & [mumbles] &
Alice: So, you didn't get very good grades.
Rob: I probably should've started revising earlier. But my learning strategies were very good.
Alice: Oh, really? Well, when you revise for an exam you study information you learned before. OK, Rob, I'd love to hear more about your learning strategies, but first here's today's quiz question for you. What's the word for a system, such as use of special poems or rhymes to help you remember something? Is it &
a) pneumatics
b) mnemonics
Or c) hypnotics?
Rob: I'll go for b) mnemonics.
Alice: Well, we'll find out whether you got the answer right or not later on in the show. Now, according to current scientific research, some study methods popular with students aren't actually very effective.
Rob: Don't tell me & putting your textbook under your pillow at night doesn't work.
Alice: Did you try doing that, Rob?
Rob: Yes, I did, but without much success. Maybe I was using the wrong kind of pillow?!
Alice: Well, let's talk about more conventional methods than the book-under-the-pillow one. These include summarising, highlighting or underlining text to help you remember it& I do love a pack of highlighting pens, though.
Rob: Oh yes, me too. And actually highlighting text was one of my top tips. But I used to get so absorbed with the highlighting I'm not sure I was actually learning anything useful. My notebooks were works of art, though!
Alice: Yes, and that's the point made by John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, who says that you need to do more than just highlight information. You need to test yourself on it. Let's hear from him now.
John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US
Students who can basically test themselves or try to retrieve material from their memory are going to learn that material in the long run a lot better. So for instance maybe you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.
Rob: Professor John Dunlosky there. So he says trying to memorise the material isn't enough. You need to do something with it, for example, making flashcards of critical & or important & concepts and then testing yourself on them.
Alice: By repeatedly testing yourself on something, you strengthen the pathways between neurons & or nerve cells & in the brain. And the more often you do this, the easier it becomes to retrieve information.
Rob: And retrieve means to get something back.
Alice: That's right. When you repeatedly test yourself over a longer period of time & for example, over months or weeks - this is called distributed practice & and psychologists believe this is a very effective way to learn.
Rob: It sounds like hard work, though, doesn't it? I prefer the cramming method & which means to try and learn lots of information in a short period of time. For example, the night before the exam.
Alice: I don't know, Rob. We don't cram to learn other things & like music or dancing, or football or language learning. It's far more effective to join a conversation class and practise speaking every week than to practise for hours in front of the mirror the night before your oral exam!
Rob: That's a good point. In fact, I used to sing irregular French verbs to myself, every day in the shower for weeks before my French exam, and that helped me remember them more easily.
Alice: Excellent! Making different types of associations with what you're trying to learn & for example, musical associations & is meant to be effective. Let's listen now to Professor Dunlovsky talking about visual associations.
John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US
I would encourage students as they are reading to try and elaborate mentally using images, as they're reading, to kind of develop a more vivid picture of what they're reading. Again, that'll help quite a bit for some kinds of studies & maybe history and so forth & and a little bit less so for more conceptual studies.
Rob: And if you elaborate on something, it means you add more information & in this case, mental pictures.
Alice: So, creating mental pictures is useful for some subjects & like history or languages. But conceptual subjects & ones based on abstract ideas rather than things & like maths, for example & it might not be so easy to associate ideas with pictures.
Rob: Now what about Albert Einstein? People say he was a very visual thinker.
Alice: Well, you've got me there, Rob. I don't know the answer to that but I can give you the answer to today's quiz question. I asked: What's the word for a system, such as use of special poems or rhymes to help you remember something? Is it & a) pneumatics, b) mnemonics or c) hypnotics?
Rob: I said mnemonics.
Alice: And you were right!
Rob: Great!
Alice: Well done! Research on mnemonics suggests they are a good strategy for learning certain kinds of things, like how to spell difficult words. For example, the first letters of this sentence: 'big elephants cause accidents under small elephants' spells 'because'. Now, do you think you can remember the words we heard today, Rob?
Rob: We heard:
distributed practice
conceptual
Alice: Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. Remember to join us again soon!
Both: Bye.
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