赵庄小学生安全公约小学生安全公约，为了规范小学生的日常行为，为了你的身心健康，请自觉遵守以下行为公约：1、不到坑、池、塘、沟、河流等地洗澡戏水。2、不攀爬电杆、树木、栏杆、桥梁、土坡，不做有危险性的活动。3、冬天不滑雪、不溜冰，不玩火，不燃放鞭炮，不…2015年国家公务员面试辅导：百姓看中小企业发展随着2015国家公务员考试笔试成绩的公布，标志着面试工作正式启动，入围的考生们此刻是否正在为如何着手抓耳挠腮呢，中公教育专家建议考生，高手在民间，老百姓的话代表了民声民意，同时也是你面试备考时的宝贵财富…会计核算工作总结一、做好日常的会计核算工作，加强会计凭证的审核和检查，保证基础会计数据的准确记录和会计资料的真实完整。我主要分管核算中心本级和食堂。核算中心本级的帐务比较简单，所以我今年工作的重心放在了食堂的财务上。***食堂每年的营业收入*百万，算…
高中英语定语从句使用技巧 1 要注意关系代词的选用。首先记住几个大原则，譬如who that引导人的从句，that which引导物的从句 whose表示所属关系。其次还要注意在某些场合下关系代词的固定使用，譬如先行词中有人有物要用that，这些情况等等。值得一提的是，what无论如何不能引导定语从句。2 要注意从句中动词的类别。这主要是说看看这个动词是及物还是不及物。在不及物动词的情况下，要记住带上固有的介词。还要注意这个介词放置的位置，可以提前到关系代词前，也可以紧跟在动词之后。这种情况是考试最爱考的，其中涉及到动词与介词的固定搭配，句子理解与分析，是热点难点。3在熟练掌握定语从句的情况时，要注意省略关系代词和使用分词结构来代替从句。 这只是定语从句的一些技巧，并没有涉及太多知识点。当你掌握了知识点，再用上了这个套路，定语从句对你就没什么难度了高中英语定语从句祥解之1定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置经常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中： signs是：被修饰的名词； that是：关系词； that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中： those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词; who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下： 被修饰的名词 / 代词 关系词 句子 (其中， 要点提示：1）例如： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid . 他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很轻易感到惧怕或是感到不安闲。 （本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。假如把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，2）意义是表示另外，有时例如： Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域经常一无所成。In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .假如把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom ) 告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，把握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。 定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。 who用于代替例如： I have no idea about the man who wrote the article . 我不熟悉写这篇文章的那个人。 The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems . whom 用于代替在现代英语里，假如whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是假如whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，假如在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如： Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上熟悉的教授。They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation .他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。) Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误） (句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以假如还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)高中英语定语从句祥解之2whose 用于代替例如： Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。which 用于代替例如： Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。That was a fault which could not be forgiven .那是不能饶恕的错误。that 既用于代替例如： Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。Who is the girl to that you talked just now ?（错误） 要点提示： 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;假如关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。 例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading . 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如： Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。关系代词that 和which的区别that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替1、 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如： Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy . 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。2、先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或all,any,no, much,little,the last, the only,the very(恰好、正好是...的)等作定语修饰时，或先行词是 who / which 或先行词在从句中充当表语时。以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：1、当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，假如在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如： The world in which we live is made of matter . 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。The world that we live in is made of matter. （正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。） 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。The world in that we live is made of matter. （错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）2、在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如： The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such ,, as和the same ,, as 等句式中）Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem . 你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays . 你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has . 这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。非限定性定语从句（as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected. 可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如： People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland . 人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。 举行的确切时间。where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams . 那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的漂亮的校园。why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy . 他没有告诉她为什么他那么兴奋的原因。The reason why she was late is not so acceptable . 她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before . 他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。介词 关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如： A）动词与介词的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify 名词 for The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to 名词 He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词 rent at 表示价格的词 B）名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend C）形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for He is a learned man with whom we are familiar . (familiar with 熟悉,,)他是一位我们熟悉2）定语从句的种类 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。假如将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。假如去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。如： The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系代词或是关系副词的作用：连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。 一：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；who，whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人；whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是无，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose the cover of which is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 二：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why关系副词when（在从句中作时间状语）, where（在从句中作地点状语）, why（在从句中作原因状语）的含义相当于I will never forget the time when(=during which) were worked on the farm. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasn’t very clean. I did not get a pay rise, but this was not the reason why (=for which) I left. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。三：判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. where B. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. where
B. thatC. on which
D. the one答案：例1 D（省略了that），例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 四：限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可以省略。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。注意事项：1：在限制性定语从句中，在某些表示时间、地点的词后，关系副词在口语中有时省略。如：That was the year (when) I first went abroad.We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.2: 关系副词why 引导的定语从句的先行词只有reason 一词，why 可转换为for which，在口语中可以用that 或者省略。如：The reason (why\for which\that) I bought the roses is that Mary likes them.3: how 不能用作关系副词，不能用来引导定语从句。修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用in which 来引导，也可用that或省略。如：This is the way (in which\ that) I dit it. 高中英语语法权威解析---名词性从句第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一． 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句It is a fact that ,,事实是,,It is an honor that,,非常荣幸It is common knowledge that ,,是常识(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句It is natural that,,很自然,,It is strange that,,奇怪的是,,(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句It seems that,,
似乎,,It happened that,,碰巧,,It appears that,, 似乎,,(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句It is reported that,,
据报道,,It has been proved that,,
已证实,,It is said that,,
据说,, 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported,,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs,,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether ,,结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：I admire their winning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match. 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that,, 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 高一英语名词性从句专项练习1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____A. did the quarrel came aboutB .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come aboutA. what B. something C. anything
D. that4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. there
B. in which
D. when6. They have no idea at all____.A. where he has gone
B. where did he goC. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.
C. of which
D. of that8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.had to leave
B. should leaveC. /; must leave D. should leave9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. T that
B. It; that
C. whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A. that
C. whether
D. if11. Is _____he said really true?A. that B. what C. why
D. whether12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A. That B. Whether C. If
D. Where13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A. while
B. if C. that D. for14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. Whether
D. If15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That
C. Whether
D. If16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.A. What B. ThatC. Who D. How17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A. W what B. T that
C. that D. T what18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. It
C. All that D. That19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A. believed
B. think C. say
D. hoped20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. That C. HowD. Where Keys:1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA 高中英语定语从句详解一定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack 三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中： signs是：被修饰的名词； that是：关系词； that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中： those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词; who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下： 被修饰的名词 / 代词 关系词 句子 (其中，要点提示：1）例如： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid . 他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很轻易感到惧怕或是感到不安闲。 （本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。假如把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，另外，有时例如： Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域经常一无所成。In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .假如把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom ) 告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。 定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。 who用于代替例如： I have no idea about the man who wrote the article . 我不熟悉写这篇文章的那个人。 The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems . whom 用于代替在现代英语里，假如whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是假如whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，假如在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如： Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上熟悉的教授。They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation .他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。) Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误） (句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以假如还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)高中英语定语从句详解二whose 用于代替例如： Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。which 用于代替例如： Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。That was a fault which could not be forgiven .那是不能饶恕的错误。that 既用于代替例如： Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .Who is the girl to that you talked just now ?（错误） 要点提示： 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;假如关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading . 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如： Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。关系代词that 和which的区别that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替1、 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如： Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy . 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。2、先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或all,any,no, much,little,the last, the only,the very(恰好、正好是...的)等作定语修饰时，或先行词是 who / which 或先行词在从句中充当表语时。例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：1、当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，假如在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如： The world in which we live is made of matter . 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。The world that we live in is made of matter. （正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。） 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。The world in that we live is made of matter. （错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）2、在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如： The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such ,, as和the same ,, as 等句式中）Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem . 你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays . 你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has . 这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。非限定性定语从句（as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected. 可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如： People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland . 人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。 We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams . 那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的漂亮的校园。why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如： He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy . 他没有告诉她为什么他那么兴奋的原因。The reason why she was late is not so acceptable . 她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before . 他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。介词 关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如： A）动词与介词的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify 名词 for
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to 名词 He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词 rent at 表示价格的词 B）名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend C）形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for He is a learned man with whom we are familiar . (familiar with 熟悉,,)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。2）定语从句的种类 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。假如将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。假如去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：
高中英语定语从句使用技巧 1 要注意关系代词的选用。首先记住几个大原则，譬如who that引导人的从句，that which引导物的从句 whose表示所属关系。其次还要注意在某些场合下关系代词的固定使用，譬如先行词中有人有物要用that，这些情况… 枫朗镇中心小学校长校园安全工作述职报告学校安全工作关系着全体师生的生命和财产，关系着学校和社会的稳定与发展。一年来，作为校长，我在本职岗位上，以邓小平理论、三个代表”重要思想和党的十六大精神为指针，以确保校园安全为目的，增强师生安全意识，强化学校安… 汉中经济开发区管理委员会综合办公室控烟工作计划 为了进一步贯彻落实市委、市政府“联创”活动的精神，加强园区控烟工作力度，确保广大人民群众身体健康，减少吸烟对人体造成的危害和吸烟对机关安全生产所造成的隐患。特制定汉中经济开发区管理委员会综合办公室控烟…试题类编　Ａ　Ｄｏ ａｋ ｒ ｎ ｅ ｉ ｅ ｓ Ｃ ｕ ｓ ｇ Ｗ ｌ ｅ ｓ ａ ｄ Ｐ ｔＳｔ ｒ ｏ ｒｅ ｔ Ｉ ｈ ｓ 一 ｅ ｋ ｃ ｕ ｓ ｙ ｕ ｉ ａ ｅ ｘ ｅ ｉｎ ｅ ｎ ｔｉ １ ｗ ｅ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｏ ｗ ｌ ｈ ｖ ｅ…就爱阅读网友整理上传,为您提供最全的知识大全,期待您的分享，转载请注明出处。
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