华中2017数模a题E题,求助!

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2014年研究生数学建模E题三等奖资料.docx 30页
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(由组委会填写)第十一届华为杯全国研究生数学建模竞赛学校云南农业大学参赛队号队员姓名1.王良泽南2.冯宵3.王淑文参赛密码
(由组委会填写)第十一届华为杯全国研究生数学建模竞赛题 目乘用车物流运输计划问题研究摘要:本文建立最优化模型,用于解决乘用车物流运输计划问题。用线性加权法求解多目标优化模型,用两阶段启发式算法将复杂实际问题简化为最优化问题。我们分两步优化:先优化最优装载方案,再优化最优运输路线,最终实现成本最优。结果表明:能够较好的为实际问题提供解决方案。对于问题一、二、三:我们对1-1型和1-2型轿运车分别给出一种装载方案,结合实际情况:1.轿运车尽量装满2.不超出轿运车容量,3.使轿运车数量最少,要考虑4个因素,考虑因素1:1-2型轿运车运输的平稳,上层的乘用车应对称摆放;因素2:1-2型轿运车数量不超过1-2型轿运车数量的20%;因素3:每辆轿运车可以装载乘用车的最大数量在6到27辆之间;因素4:所求的为各种类型的车辆数应为0或正整数。最终得出模型一:装载方案的优化模型,并计算得出结果,符合实际情况。对于问题四:在问题一、二、三的基础上,可以得出最优装载方案,得到装载方案,所需解决的是轿运车行驶路线的问题,首先可以很容易的从路线图中找出O点到A、B、C、D的最短路线,要求所有轿运车都走最短路线,用轿运车经过各点次数来确定总路线,要使总路线最短需要考虑3个因素,考虑因素1:轿运车可能会途径某地但是不卸货;因素2:D点是必经之路来限制通过后次数;因素3:根据实际路线图确定通过次数范围;因素4:所求的通过次数应为0或正整数。最终得出模型二:运输路线的优化模型,并计算得出结果,并根据计算结果得出总路程最短的运输路线,符合实际要求。对于问题五:要解决复杂的实际问题,考虑实际限制因素太多,无法得出最优化模型,采用两阶段启发式算法,将实际情况的多个限制因素缩减为可以优化的几个因素,把较多乘用车和轿运车类型,重新分类,分成乘用车5大类,轿运车3大类,在问题一、二、三、四的基础上,根据实际情况以模型一的思想为基础,加入限制轿运车使用数量的约束条件建立模型三,以模型二的思想建立模型四,最终得出计算结果和运输路线,尽可能的达到了实际需求的最优效果。关键词:最优化模型 线性加权法 启发式算法 运输1.问题重述整车物流指的是按照客户订单对整车快速配送的全过程。随着我国汽车工业的高速发展,整车物流量,特别是乘用车的整车物流量迅速增长。乘用车生产厂家根据全国客户的购车订单,向物流公司下达运输乘用车到全国各地的任务,物流公司则根据下达的任务制定运输计划并配送这批乘用车。为此,物流公司首先要从他们当时可以调用的“轿运车”中选择出若干辆轿运车,进而给出其中每一辆轿运车上乘用车的装载方案和目的地,以保证运输任务的完成。“轿运车”是通过公路来运输乘用车整车的专用运输车,根据型号的不同有单层和双层两种类型,由于单层轿运车实际中很少使用,本题仅考虑双层轿运车。双层轿运车又分为三种子型:上下层各装载1列乘用车,故记为1-1型;下、上层分别装载1、2列,记为1-2型;上、下层各装载2列,记为2-2型,每辆轿运车可以装载乘用车的最大数量在6到27辆之间。在确保完成运输任务的前提下,物流公司追求降低运输成本。但由于轿运车、乘用车有多种规格等原因,当前很多物流公司在制定运输计划时主要依赖调度人员的经验,在面对复杂的运输任务时,往往效率低下,而且运输成本不尽理想。装载具体要求每种轿运车上、下层装载区域均可等价看成长方形,各列乘用车均纵向摆放,相邻乘用车之间纵向及横向的安全车距均至少为0.1米,下层力争装满,上层两列力求对称,以保证轿运车行驶平稳。受层高限制,高度超过1.7米的乘用车只能装在1-1、1-2型下层。轿运车、乘用车规格如下:表1乘用车规格乘用车型号长度(米)宽度(米)高度(米)Ⅰ4.611.71.51Ⅱ3.4Ⅲ4.631.轿运车规格轿运车类型上下层长度(米)上层宽度(米)下层宽度(米)1--224.33.52.7整车物流的运输成本计算较为繁杂,这里简化为:影响成本高低的首先是轿运车使用数量;其次,在轿运车使用数量相同情况下,1-1型轿运车的使用成本较低,2-2型较高,1-2型略低于前两者的平均值,但物流公司1-2型轿运车拥有量小,为方便后续任务安排,每次1-2型轿运车使用量不超过1-1型轿运车使用量的20%;再次,在轿运车使用数量及型号均相同情况下,行驶里程短的成本低,注意因为该物流公司是全国性公司,在各地均会有
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页面&#x91载开启 欢&#x8光临本站,页面正在&#x91新载入,请稍候 ...[转载]2016美国数学建模MCM E题(环境)翻译:我们朝着干涸的星球迈进吗?
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ICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling美国东部时间2016年1月28日星期四20:00(北京时间2016年1月29日上午9:00)后,可以通过竞赛网站查看赛题。(链接:ap.com/undergraduate/contests/mcm)PROBLEM E: Are we heading towards a thirsty planet?Will the world run out of clean water? According to the United Nations, 1.6 billion people (one quarter of the world's population) experience water scarcity. Water use has been growing at twice the rate of population over the last century. Humans require water resources for industrial, agricultural, and residential purposes. There are two primary causes for water scarcity: physical scarcity and economic scarcity. Physical scarcity is where there is inadequate water in a region to meet demand. Economic scarcity is where water exists but poor management and lack of infrastructure limits the availability of clean water. Many scientists see this water scarcity problem becoming exacerbated with climate change and population increase. The fact that water use is increasing at twice the rate of population suggests that there is another cause of scarcity – is it increasing rates of personal consumption, or increasing rates of industrial consumption, or increasing pollution which depletes the supply of fresh water, or what? **Is it possible to provide clean fresh water to all? The supply of water must take into account the physical availability of water (e.g., natural water source, technological advances such as desalination plants or rainwater harvesting techniques). Understanding water availability is an inherently interdisciplinary problem. One must not only understand the environmental constraints on water supply, but also how social factors influence availability and distribution of clean water. For example, lack of adequate sanitation can cause a decrease in water quality. Human population increase also places increased burden on the water supply within a region. When analyzing issues of water scarcity, the following types of questions must be considered. How have humans historically exacerbated or alleviated water scarcity? What are the geological, topographical, and ecological reasons for water scarcity, and how can we accurately predict future water availability? What is the potential for new or alternate sources of water (for example, desalinization plants, water harvesting techniques or undiscovered aquifers)? What are the demographic and health related problems tied to water scarcity?Problem StatementThe International Clean water Movement (ICM) wants your team to help them solve the world’s water problems. Can you help improve access to clean, fresh water?Task 1: Develop a model that provides a measure of the ability of a region to provide clean water to meet the needs of its population. You may need to consider the dynamic nature of the factors that affect both supply and demand in your modeling process.Task 2: Using the UN water scarcity map (http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/jpg/0222-waterstress-overuse-EN.jpg) pick one country or region where water is either heavily or moderately overloaded. Explain why and how water is scarce in that region. Make sure to explain both the social and environmental drivers by addressing physical and/or economic scarcity.Task 3: In your chosen region from Task 2, use your model from Task 1 to show what the water situation will be in 15 years. How does this situation impact the lives of citizens of this region? Be sure to incorporate the environmental drivers’ effects on the model components.Task 4: For your chosen region, design an intervention plan taking all the drivers of water scarcity into account. Any intervention plan will inevitably impact the surrounding areas, as well as the entire water ecosystem. Discuss this impact and the overall strengths and weaknesses of the plan in this larger context. How does your plan mitigate water scarcity?Task 5: Use the intervention you designed in Task 4 and your model to project water availability into the future. Can your chosen region become less susceptible to water scarcity? Will water become a critical issue in the future? If so, when will this scarcity occur?Task 6: Write a 20-page report (the one-page summary sheet does not count in the 20 pages) that explains your model, water scarcity in your region with no intervention, your intervention, and the effect of your intervention on your region’s and the surrounding area’s water availability. Be sure to detail the strengths and weaknesses of your model. The ICM will use your report to help with its mission to produce plans to provide access to clean water for all citizens of the world. Good luck in your modeling work!Possible ResourcesAn Overview of the State of the World’s Fresh and Marine Waters. 2nd Edition, 2008. (http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/index.html).The World’s Water: Information on the World’s Freshwater Resources. (http://worldwater.org).AQUASTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO Water Resources. (http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_res/index.stm).The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for food and agriculture. 2011. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e00.htm).GrowingBlue: Water. Economics. Life. ().World Resources Institute. www.wri.org.**Note that the 2013 Mathematical Competition in Modeling (Problem B) and the 2009 High School Modeling Competition in Modeling (Problem A) were related to modeling different aspects of water scarcity.Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 20 page limit..E题:我们朝着干涸的星球迈进吗?世界上清洁的水会耗尽吗?根据联合国的统计,有1.6亿人(占世界人口的四分之一)缺水。上个世纪,水的消耗速度是人口增速的两倍。人类对工业、农业和住宅用途都需要水资源。水资源短缺的原因主要有两种:物理短缺和经济短缺。物理短缺是指地区水量不足以满足需求。经济短缺是指地区有水,但管理不善和基础设施缺乏,限制了清洁水的可用性。许多科学家认为,随着气候变化和人口增长,缺水问题越来越恶化。用水以人口的两倍增加的事实表明,短缺还有其他的原因——可能是个人消费的速度增长,或是工业消耗增加,或是增加的污染消耗了清洁水的供应?或者是其他什么原因?是否可以为所有人提供清洁水?水的供应必须考虑物理可用性(如天然水资源,技术进步:如海水淡化厂或集雨技术等)。理解水的可用性本身是个跨学科问题。不仅要理解环境对供水的限制,而且要考虑社会因素如何影响清洁水的可用性和分配。例如,缺乏适当的卫生条件可以导致水质下降,人口增加也会增加一个区域内的供水负担。在分析水资源短缺的问题时,必须考虑以下类型的问题。人类历史上缺水是如何加剧或缓解的?缺水的地质、地形和生态原因是什么?我们如何准确预测未来水资源的可用性?潜在新的或备用水源是什么?(例如,海水淡化工厂,集雨技术或未被发现的地下蓄水层)?与缺水相关的人口统计学和健康问题是什么?问题陈述:国际清洁水运动组织(ICM)希望您的团队来帮助他们解决世界水问题。你能帮助改善清洁、新鲜水的获取吗?任务:建立一个模型,该模型提供衡量一个地区为其人口提供清洁水的能力,在建模过程中,您可能需要考虑影响供给和需求的动态特性。任务2:使用联合国缺水地图(http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/jpg/0222-waterstress-overuse-EN.jpg)选择一个严重缺水或中度缺水的国家或地区。解释该地区为什么以及如何缺水。一定要通过物理短缺或经济短缺两个方面,来解释社会和环境驱动因素。任务3:在任务2中选择的地区,用任务1的模型展示未来15年的水状况。这种状况如何影响这个地区的公民的生活?一定要加入环境驱动因素对模型构件的作用。任务4:根据你所选择的区域,设计一个考虑到所有缺水驱动因素的干预计划。任何干预计划将不可避免地影响周围地区和整个水生态系统。在更大的环境中,讨论这种影响和整体计划的优缺点。你的计划如何缓解缺水?任务:使用任务设计的干预计划和你的模型,预测未来水资源的可用性。你选择的地区缺水会变得不太容易受缺水影响吗?水会成为未来关键议题吗?如果是这样,这种短缺什么时候会发生?任务:写一份页的报告(页统计表不计算在页内来解释你的模型,所选地区没有干预计划时的缺水状况,你的干预计划,干预计划对所选地区和周边水资源可用性的作用。一定详细说明模型的优点和缺点。将使用你的报告来帮助其相关部门制定计划,为全世界所有公民提供清洁水。祝你们建模顺利! 可能用到的资料:世界淡水和海水状况概览,第版;世界上的水:世界淡水资源信息联合国粮农组织,水资源粮食和农业用地和用水状况水、经济和生活水资源机构注意,年数学建模问题和年高中生数学建模问题,是对缺水问题不同方面的建模。的解决方案应该包含一个页的摘要,你的解决方案不能超过20页,因为最多一共21页 (包括摘要)。注意:附录和参考文献不计入页内。© 2016 COMAP, The Consortium for Mathematics and Its ApplicationsMay be reproduced for academic/research purposesFor More information on COMAP and this project visit 更多美赛资料见数学建模与统计建模论坛Mathematical Modelling and Statistical Modelling Forum美赛板块 有丰富的赛题资和文献
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