的且没有副词比较级变化规则的句子是疑问句 这个规则适用吗请高

转:新概念英语第一册原创笔记
(Lesson1 & Lesson 3)
Further notes on the text:
Excuse me!
劳驾,对不起。当引起别人的注意的时候,或打断别人谈话,或从别人身边走过的时候用的客套话。注意和sorry的区别,例如:
Excuse me, Can I ask you a question? 劳驾,我能问你一个问题么?
Yes?用升调读,“什么事”。和用降调不相同,用降调表示“是的”的意思。
Pardon? 对不起,请在说一遍。用于口语
正式的说法是:I beg your pardon? 或 Pardon me.
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。也可以这么说:
Thank you.
Thank you a lot.
Many thanks.
*My coat and my umbrella please. 祈使句,等于 Give me my coat and my
umbrella please.
Ticket, please. 也是祈使句,等于Show me your ticket please.
在口语中,如果的语境明确,就如课文中一样,只使用直宾成文。
Passport, please. 请出示您的护照。
A cup of tea please. 请给我一杯茶。
*Here’s your umbrella and your coat.
这是一个倒装句式,系动词提到了主语之前,正常语序是:
Your umbrella and your coat are here.
I’m sorry. 对不起,这个语句才是真正表达歉意的句子。
Is this it? it指上文的your umbrella,这是一种比较常用行文方式。
Expression:
陈述句:This is… 这是…
陈述句的否定形式:在be动词前加not:This isn’t… 这不是…
一般疑问句:在系表结构中,一般疑问句把系动词前置,并采用升调阅读:Is this…
一般疑问句的回答(be动词引导):Yes, it is.(肯定)No, it isn’t.(否定)
Is this your pen?
Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
That one is my pen and this isn’t my pen.
连读:第一个单词为辅音,第二个单词为元音时将连读。如:Yes, it is.
略读:两个爆破音在一起时,前一个爆破音失去爆破。如:handbag/hanbag/
浊化:S后面如果是浊辅音的话,那么读对映的清辅音。如:skirt/sg/ school/sg/ star/sd/
(Lesson4 & Lesson 6)
Further notes one text:
Good morning! 早上好,常用对话,对映的有:
Good afternoon. 中午好。
Good evening. 晚上好。
Good night. 晚安
This is Miss Sophie Dupont. This is…可以用来向某人介绍某人。
Nice to meet you. 用于非正式场合第一次见面。还可以这么说:
Glad to meet you. 或 Pleased to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
如果双方已经认识那么使用:Nice to see you.
正式场合第一次见面用:How do you do?
Expressions:
特殊疑问句是以Wh-疑问词引导的疑问句,*疑问词有:What When Which Where Whose How Why
Who Whom等。并加上一般疑问词的语序,如:
What is your name?
特殊疑问句需要具体回答,而不能用Yes和No回答。
How do you like sport? = Do you like sport?
I like sport very much. = Yes, I do.
特殊疑问句式的结构有两种,一种是以疑问词提问,一种是以疑问短语来提问,这种情况下疑问词做定语。
What is your nationality?
What nationality are you?
注意其主语与be动词的变化。
以What引导的特殊疑问句(1):
What 可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。如:
What make is this car? 这辆小汽车是什么牌子的?
What nationality are you? 你是哪国人?
What is your job? 你是什么工作?
What is your name? 你叫什么名字?
*What color is this? 它是什么颜色?
*What size is this skirt? 这条裙子是多大号的?
冠词(1):
a/an被称为不定冠词,意思为一个…。两者的区别在于a用于辅音前,而an用于元音前。如:
a pen 一只笔
an apple 一个苹果
人称代词(1):
主格(单数)
*宾格(单数)
主格(复数)
*宾格(复数)
him her its
人称代词作主语:
I’m an engineer. 我是一个工程师。
They are Chinese 他们是中国人。
*人称代词作表语:Oh, it’s you. 噢,是你?
be 动词的变化(1):
在系表结构,*或现在时中。动词be随主语发生变化。
I am a student.&& Are you
French?&& They are
news.&& It is fine day.
选择疑问句:选择疑问句采用一般疑问句的结构的并列句,两句之间用or连接,但不用Yes or No回答。如:
Is this an English (car) or Italian car?
This isn’t an English car. It’s an Italian car.
(Lesson 7 & Lesson 10)
Further notes one text:
I’m… 我是… 这个句型用来介绍主语的状态。如:
I’m Robert. 我是罗伯特。
I’m Swedish. 我是瑞典人。
I’m twenty-four. 我24岁。
What nationality are you? 等于:
What is your nationality?
Where are you from? 你来自哪里?
Where do you come from?
What’s your job? = What do you do? 你是做什么的?
How are you today?你今天好么。朋友见面时的寒暄语。还可以这么说:
What’s new?
How are you doing?
(I’m) fine, thanks.
I’m very well, thank you.
And you? 省略形式,等于:And how are you?
Nice to see you. 省略形式,等于:It’s nice to see you. 也可以说:Nice seeing
Goodbye 再见,也可以说See you.
See you later. 一会见
See you Sunday. 周日见
Expressions:
以What 引导的疑问句(2):
What is your name?
What nationality are you?
What’s your job?
以How引导的疑问句(1):
How引导的疑问句可以用来询问对方目前的状况,比如身体、工作等。注意How是副词,不接名词组成疑问短语。如:
How do you do? 你好。(用于正式场合)
How is life? 生活如何?
How are things? 情况如何?
How’s work? 工作如何?
形容词的用法(1):形容词用来修饰名词,表示名词的形状、特征等,如:big(大的)、good(好的)、beautiful(美丽的)。
形容词做定语:形容词做定语时,放在名词的前面:
She is a young hair hostess.她是一名年轻的空中小姐
形容词做表语:
The hair hostess is young. 这名空中小姐很年轻。
副词可以用来修饰形容词,用在形容词之前
This hat is very smart. 这顶帽子非常时尚。
形容词性物主代词:
*单数(名词)
*复数(名词)
his her its
his hers its
形容词物主代词只能做定语,代表物品的所有关系。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
Is this her dress? 这是她的裙子么?
询问形容词的疑问句,可以使用What…like?的问句,意思“什么(感觉)怎么样?”例如:
What’s Tim’s like?
He’s very fat.
What are these books like?
They are very funny.
(Lesson11 & Lesson 14)
Further notes one text:
Whose shirt is that? = Whose is that shirt?
Here you are. = Here it is.
Come upstairs and see it. 这是一个祈使句,句中的and可以引导另一个祈使动词,表示目的。如:
Come and help me 过来帮帮我
Look and see the blackboard, Can you answer this question?
请注意看这个黑板,你能回答这个问题么?
It’s the same colour. 一样的颜色。
same 通常与定冠词the连用,表示“同一的”、“相同的”。涉及的名词不加复数。
two boys of the same age. 两年同龄的男孩子。
We live in the same city. 我们住同一个城市里。
Expression:
以Whose引导的特殊的疑问句:
Whose shirt is that?
Whose is that shirt?
It’s my/your/his/her shirt.
*It’s mine/yours/his/hers.
This is Tim’s/my brother’s shirt.
询问颜色What colour’s
What colour’s is Anna’s hat?
It’s green.
名词的所有格(1):
如果名词是有生命的,那么其所有格在后面加’s,读[s]。但以s结尾只加’,并不发音。如:
my brother’s tie 我哥哥的领带
Engels’ books 恩格斯的书。
如果是复合词,只在最后面加’s,如her mother-in-law’s photo
如果是共有关系,则必须都加’s,否则的话只是在后面加’s。如:
Mr. Green is Jim’s and Kate’s father 格林先生是吉姆和凯特的父亲。.
They are Jim and Kate’s parents. 他们是吉姆和凯特的父母。
如果是表示“时间、团体、距离、机构”的无生命的东西,那么也用’s,如:today’s newspaper 今天的报纸。
名词的所有格与物主代词一样,可做主语、定语、宾语、表语。
(Lesson15 & Lesson 17)
Further notes on one text:
Your passports, please. 最简单的祈使句,参见Lesson1的语法。
Here they are. 给你。这是Here it is.复数形式。参见Lesson1的语法。
How do you do? 你好。用于较正式的场合。等于Nice to meet you. 参见Lesson1的语法。
Come and meet our employees… and引导的第二个祈使动词,参见Lesson4的语法。
office assistant = office boy。办公室的干杂务的工作人员。
Expression:
复数形式:
1.代词的复数形式:we(I);you(you);he/she/it(they);my(our);your(your);his/her/its(their);this(these);that(those)
2.现在时中,动词be使用are
3.名词的复数:名词分两种,可数名词和不可数名词。一般来说:专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。反之就是可数名词。一些不可数名词的例子如:bread、pork、water、money、air、paper、glass。一般来说,如果名词单独跟数词产生数量上歧义就是不可数名词,比如:Give
me two pork&不能表达出名词的准确数量,这就是不可数名词。
可数名词的复数变化:
一般情况下加-s,在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后读[z],但在[s][][t][z][][]读[iz]。(这种情况一般都是以不发音e结尾的)如:
book-books friend-friends case-cases
(2) 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh加-es,读[iz]如:
dress-dresses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes
(3) 以-f或-fe结尾的,把f或fe变v再加-es,读作[vz],如:
leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives
但也有例外情况:roof-roofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs serf-serfs
belief-belief-s proof-proofs
(4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的,把y变i再加es,读[iz],但“元音+y”只加s,如:
factory-factories boy-boys
(5) 有些以“辅音+o”结尾的加es,常用的单词只有四个:
Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
(6) 不规则变化:
1)特殊变化:
foot-feet mouse-mice child-children man-men
2)单复数相同:
a sheep-two sheep& a fish- two fish
3)只有复数
glasses 眼镜;compasses 圆规 goods 货物 trousers 裤子
4)复数常用:常使用复数,如果使用单数表示其中之一。
matches 火柴 shoes 鞋子 twins 双胞胎 parents 父母
5)当表示“某国人”的名词,以-ese或-ss结尾的,通常单复数相同,但一般情况下加-s。
Chinese-Chinese American-Americans
注意的是We’re American 和 We’re Americans都是正确的。
从语法上来说,前者是形容词,而后者是名词。
4.单数变复数的例子:
This is my pen. These are our pens
What colour is this? What colour are these?
Yes, I’m. Yes, we are.
5.注意复数的所有格形式:teachers’ books
以who引导的特殊疑问句:who
是疑问代词,pron.谁。
Who is this young man? 这人年轻人谁?
Who is that wear blue T-shirt? 穿蓝色T恤的人是谁。
注意:向主语提问没有助动词一说。who或whose相当于主语。
Who came to school yesterday? 昨天谁没来上学?
Who often help somebody else?谁经常帮助别人?
(lesson 18 & lesson20)
Further notes on one text:
What’s the matter? = Tell me what’s wrong 怎么了?
Are you all right? = Are you OK?
Expression:
1. 复数形容词的用法:
We’re third. 形容词并没有复数一样。
2. There be 句型(1)
There [] adj. pron. 这些,在这里。
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时用的句子。
There be是表示“存在”的基本句型,语法为:
There be + (sb/sth +somewhere) /doing sth.
注意的是There be的结构中 There is +主语+状语。(be动词要和主语保持一致)。
There be 句型与have的区别是:
There be强调某物在某地,并没有从属关系。而have强调从属关系。
3. 一百以上的数字写法:
hundred [] num. 百
one hundred and thirty-three. 一百三十三。
4. 以How引导的疑问句(2):
How + adj. 可以物质的大小、长度、
How old … 多大了。
How old is she? 她多大了。
How long… 多长(时间),对过去时、现代时、将来时提问。
How long is the Yangtze River? 长江有多长?
How long have be married? 你结婚多长时间了?
How long have they lived here? 他们住在这里有多久了?
How long does the movie last? 这部电影要放多长时间?
How long will you tour to The U. S? 你到美国旅行多长时间了?
How heavy… 多重
How heave is a pig? 猪有多重?
How tall… 多高
(lesson 21 & lesson24)
Further notes on one text:
Which book? = Which book do you want?
This one? = Do you want this one?
The ones on the shelf = I want the ones on the shelf. 此句中,介词短语on
the shelf做ones的定语。
Expressions:
祈使句:向对方提出请求、忠告、发出命令、吩咐或号召。祈使句多以动词原形开头(包括系动词be),其否定形式则是在动词原形前面加上don’t。
Don’t catch it, it’s electric. 不要抓它,它带电。
Put up your hand if you want to ask something. 如果你想问什么,就举手。
2. 以Give 引导的祈使句
Give me a pen = A pen, please.
3. 简单句的双宾语结构(SViOdO)
语法:及物动词+间宾+直宾,或者是:及物动词+直宾+to/for+间宾。指人的为间宾,指物的为直宾。
后一种情况用于间宾较长或者为了突出间宾,如:
They mother bought two ice creams for them. 孩子的母亲给他们买了两个冰激凌。
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。如:
bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return,
send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。如:
buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing,
save, spare,等。
而有些动词只能使用SViOdO的结构,而能使用介词:
allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等。
4. Which引导的特殊疑问句:which pron.疑问代词,哪一个
Which car do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种汽车。
Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书。
5. 不定代词:不定代词用来代替名词或形容词。如:one、some。
不定代词可以代替形容词或名词,做句子中的主语、宾语、表语、定语成份。但one、some不作定语。
介词与介词短语(1):介词(pren.)用来描述人物、事物、事件之间的关系,介词不能单独使用,只能与其它词构成短语。
空间关系:
the pens on the desk. 桌上的钢笔。
时间关系:
on the mother’s day 在母亲节天。
因果关系:
high on dope 因吸毒而兴奋。
介词与其它词类固定搭配可以构成短语,但短语的词性却不确定:
go on v. 继续下去, 过去, 发生, 依靠, 接近, 进行, 依据
on duty adv.值日
on foot adv.徒步
on time adv.准时
7. 介词on(1):表示或人或某物在一个表面(即看来是平面)上面时,就可用介词on购成方位副词。
the magazine on the bed. 杂志在书的上面。
(lesson 25 & lesson28)
Expressions:
1. There be 句型(2):There be + sb/sth + somewhere 或 There be +
doing + sth.。是表示某处有某物的句子。
There is a book on the desk.
There are some books on the desk
There aren’t any books on the desk.
Are there any books on the desk?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t?
Where are the books?
What things are on the desk?
这其中somewhere作表语,比如例句中的on the desk.
There be句型是一种倒装句,因此翻译起来要从on the desk开始翻译:“在桌子上有一些书。”其中,some book
做there be句型的主语,be动词要因此而变化。
There be句型有就近原则:
There is a picture and a penmanship on the wall.
2. 冠词(2):
不定冠词a/am泛指某一个人或某物。相当于any。如:
1)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物,这是不定冠词的基本用法。
There is a teacher is teaching student.
2)表示数量one,但没有one那么强烈。
Give me an ice cream, please. 给我一支冰激凌。
定冠词的用法:
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。
The books are mine.
2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
Open the window, please.请打开窗户。
3)指上文已经提到的人或事物。
I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。
4)指世界上独一无二的事物。
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?
5)用在方位词前。
on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间
不用冠词的情况:
1)专有名词和不可数名词前。
Class Two二班
(特例:如果不可数名词是特指的话,仍然要加上The,但不可数名词前不加a/an。)
2)可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any)及所有格限制时。
This is my book.
3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。但特指某些东西的话也要定冠词:
They are teachers.他们是老师。
4)在星期,月份,季节,节日前。
on Sunday在周日,
in March在三月
in spring在春天,
on Women’s Day在妇女节
(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:
He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)
5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈。
6)在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。
I have lunch at school every day.
7)在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。
No.25 Middle School
3. 介词in of near:
in 方位副词,在…里
There is some clothes in the wardrobe.
of 用于没有生命的名词所有格,注意他的格式:
gate of school 学校的大门
near 方位副词,在…旁边
4. some 和 any:两个词都有一些的意思。只不过some用于肯定句之中;而any用于否定句和疑问句之中。
There are some bottles in the refrigerator.
Are there any bottles in the refrigerator?
There aren’t any bottles in the refrigerator.
some./any可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但要注意的是some+不可数名词被视为一个单数形式。
There is some meat in the refrigerator.
(lesson 29 & lesson31)
Further notes on one text
1. air the room 给房间通通风:
air 有空气的意思,但这里做动词。本课中还有:dust(n.)灰尘;(v.)掸掉灰尘的意思。常用名词做的动词的词有:
aim air act answer back bag bank bike brush buckle bundle bump
button cart cream cry cash climb channel cough catch crash crush
crank craft count drink dive dish dent deck duck drool dump dunk
drive dream email end equal finish figure face fence file finger
fetch flank flick flow fish fire gamble glow goof grade gun gulp
gap grind group hand hold hit ham hint heel hunt hem help hack ink
itch ice inch iron jump joke jam jab jinx jerk kill kick kiss keep
knock key knit knife lace line light lick laugh lust long lounge
love moan mince master must mope map move mind nag nick neck name
nod orbit offer play paint point part party plot plan picture push
perm pump prance quiz quest read rack ram reach run roll record
round rest rescue rope set sample shock sail shot shout shove sip
sack strike stand slump stop stamp slap sleep turn tag tin tie tan
time try throw track trace treat wire whine wall walk whip wrap
yawn yell yarn
2. make the bed铺床
3. Tim is = Tim is climbing the tree.
Expressions:
1. 情态动词:
情态动词(Model Verbs),又称情态助动词(Model
Auxiliaries),表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想。常用的情态动词有:can(能);may(也许);must(应该);will(愿意);shall(将会);need(必需);have(已经)等。其语法规则为:
(1)情态动词有自己的词义,但不能单独使用,必须和不带to的动词原形组成动词不定式。(ought、have除外):
I must be going school. 我必须上学去了。
(2)情态动词没有人称或复数的变化。
You must nurse your children. 你必须照顾好你的孩子。
(3)情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式:
can(could) may(might) must(had to) will(would) shall(should)
(4)情态动词的问句与否定形式:
Can you Speak English?
Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
I can’t speak English.
2. 现在时行时:
语法:助动词be + 现在分词
(1)表示现的在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情:
Don’t call me, I’m having a meeting.不要给我打电话,我正在开会。
(2)当将来时使用,主要表示要按划或安排要发和的动作:
They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
(3)习惯的事件,表示长期或重复性的动作。
I’m going to school on 8 o’clock. 我每天八点都要上学。
或者正在进行的事
I’m writing a book on the English. 我正在写一本关于英语方面的书。
(4)带有感情色彩表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶,当与副词always, forever, constantly,
continually.注意和一般现在时的区别:
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)
She always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(陈述一个事实)
(5)表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go,
begin等。要注意用现在进行时。
The leaves are turning red. 树叶变红了。
现在分词:
1 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing
work ---- working
sleep ----- sleeping
study ----- studying
2 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing
take ----- taking
make ----- making
dance ----- dancing
3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing
(单音节的动词都重读,但像open因为第一个音节重读所以opening)
cut ----- cutting
put ----- putting
begin ------ beginning
(重读r音节也要用这条规则,但只限定单元+单读和重读同时满足,hearing remembering)
refer ----- referring
prefer----- preferring
4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing
lie ----- lying
tie ----- tying
die ----- dying
现在进行的例子:
The teacher is teaching these students in the classroom.
The teacher isn’t teaching these students in the classroom.
Is the teacher teaching these students in the classroom? Yes,
she is. No, she isn’t.
What is the teacher doing?
Who is teaching these students?
Where is the teacher teaching these students?
3. What about 用法:
What about = How about
What about … 和 how about …
是英语口语中常用的两个省略句型,它们的意思和用法基本相同,常常用在以下场合。例如:
1. 向对方提出建议或请求。例如:
How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗?
What about another cake? 再吃块蛋糕好吗?
2. 征询对方的看法或意见。例如:
What about the playing the violin? (你认为)她的小提琴拉的怎么样?
What about the TV play? 那个电视剧怎么样?
3. 询问天气或身体等情况。例如:
What about the weather in your home town?&
你们家乡的气候如何?
How about your uncle now? You can’t leave him by himself.
你叔叔近来身体好吗?你们不能单独让他生活。
4. 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。例如:
I am from Beijing. What about you? 我是北京人,你呢?
5. 对所陈述的情况做出反诘,常给予对方一种暗示。例如:
My memory is good. I’ve never forgotten anything.
我的记忆力很好,从不忘记什么。
What about that time you left your key to the office at home?
那次你将办公室的要是忘在家里算是怎么回事呀?
(lesson 32 & lesson34)
Further notes on one text
It is a fine day today. It 是形式主语。It指天气
It’s cloudy. 今天多云
It’s sunny. 今天晴好。
but copj. 用于连接两个并列句,“但是”的意思:
I don’t like sport, but I like to NBA. 我不喜欢运动,还是我喜欢NBA。
the sun,定冠词用于修饰唯一的名词,如:
the moon 月亮;the earth 地球
Mr. Jones is with his family? 琼斯先生和他的家人在一起。with
和…谁在一起。(注意动词)
Who’s Mr. Jones with?琼斯先生和谁在一起?
I’ll be with you. 我将和你在一起。
He is playing basketball with his friend. 他和他的朋友一起玩篮球。
I make friend with you. 我想和你作朋友。(make friends with sb 和…作朋友)
He talked with me bought this television.他说服我买了这台电视(talk with sb
与….交谈,说服)。
walking over the bridge = walking to the other side of the
用to的原因是为walk是一个不及物动词,如:
The sunshine is shining to earth.阳光普照大地。
going under the bridge 从桥下穿过;flying over the river 在桥上通过。
其中over 与 on 的区别在于,over并不是在一个平面上。
They are walking over the bridge. 过桥要用 do over a bridge.
The ship(bus) is going under the bridge. 车船行驶用动词go
My car is going on the way. 我的车正驶在路上。
Expressions:
现在进行时的复数。
(lesson 35 & lesson37)
Further notes on one text
My wife and I:注意,英语中把I放在and的后面。
Some of them:他们之中的一些,注意这个句型。
I’m going to paint it pink.:其中pink作宾补。
Expressions:
1. 方位介词归纳
for example
There are some flowers about the garden.
与round、around通用
Look, Our plane is flying above the Great Wall.
并非在正上放用above
在…另一边
If you walk across the road, you must look at the traffic
My school building is across the river
直接的横过
沿着、顺着
We walked along the river.
I’m at home on Sunday
小地点用at
The boy is hiding behind the tree.
There is a clothes shop below my mansion.
并非垂直关系
Put electric fan beside me, I’m too hot.
距离较near近
My house is between the river and the hill.
从…旁经过
I go by the bookshop every morning on my way to learning.
I come from China.
It takes 30 minute from home to the school.
There isn’t a cloud in the sky.
大地点用in
in front of
in the front of
There are some apple trees in front of the house.
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
物体独立于方位
物体在方位里
进入…之内
T The students are coming into the
classroom.
Look at the photo. There is a child near the woman. He’s
距离较beside远
A vase fell off the windowsill and hit my head.
Please put those bottle on the shelf
Let’s go outside the class. (Let后面没有时态)
两者作介词用法类似
Some students are running out of the class.
The gold hides inside the coffer.
与in用法相似
They are walking over the bridge.
There is snow over this pine.
在物体的正上方
round around
There are some buildings round my house.
The earth goes round the sun.
Please writer you name at the top
与物体接触
The window of my bedroom is towards the east.
A river flows through our village.
曲折的穿过
Don’t hide from rain under the tree.
2. 动词与介词组成的短语:
3. be going to do表示某人打算作什么;某人将要作什么,语法为:be going to +动词原形。
We’re going to play basketball on the playground.
我们将要去操场上打球。
What are you going to do? 我们现在要作什么?
Where are going to play basketball? 我们要在去什么地方打球?
4. 副词(1):
副词可以修饰动词,包括不定词、动名词和分词,通常位于被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时,一般放在宾语的后面。
They walked slowly. 他们走得很慢。slowly修饰动词walked。
The snow continued to fall heavily. 雪继续下得很大。heavily修饰不定词to
(lesson 39 & lesson 42)
Further notes on one text
Put it on 如果动词+副词组成的动词词组与代词搭配的话,那么代词放到短语的中间(当然做宾格)如:
Put in on;Take them away
There is a pound of sugar on the table. 划线部分提问:
What’s on the table? 或 What thing is on the table?
Expressions:
1. 专有名词:
名词可以分为两类:专有名词、与普通名词。专有名词是个人、地方、机构组织等的名称,如:
Andy、Mr. Green、China、BBC、the United Nations
专有名词前一般没有冠词,但下列情况下要加定冠词(但也并不一定):
1. 江河、海峡、海洋;书籍、报纸杂志的名词前
the Yangtze River 长江;the New York Times纽约时报
2. 如果专名词是由普通名词合成的话,那也要加定冠词:
the Great Wall 长城;the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
3. 专有名词只有下例两种情况才有复数:
The Greens 格林一家;格林夫妇
There are two Toms in our class. 我们班有两个叫汤姆的人。
2. 不可数名词:
不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。一般来说,将物体一分为二。如果分开的物体没有名称上的变化,那就是不可数的,反之就是可数名词。
气体和液体的单词通常是不可数的,粉状或颗粒状油状的单词也是不可数的,如:
air空气;smoke烟;water水;milk奶;sand沙;rice米;butter黄油;cream霜(像霜一样)
物体分割后没有发生变化的不可数名词:
ice 冰;bread 面包;cloth布;paper 纸;wood木头;money钱
抽象名词都是不可数的:
room 空间;thinking思想;letter文学;advice忠告
有些单词既可数,又不可数:
cloud云、ice cream 冰激凌;cake蛋糕;fish鱼
有些单词因词意的不同既是可数的、又是不可数的:
room 空间(房间);tin锡(罐头);glass玻璃(玻璃杯)youth青春(青年人)
常用不可数名词一览:
bread面包 beer啤酒 cloth布 coffee咖啡 cream奶油 dust尘土 glass玻璃 gold黄金
ice冰 jam果酱 oil油 paper纸 sand沙 soap肥皂 stone石头 tea茶 water水 juice饮料
wine葡萄酒 wood木头
advice news information progress work fun weather music health
luck equipment furniture progress
不可数名词的语法包括:
(1)不可数名词没有复数,也不用数词修饰:
(2)不可数名词谓语采用单数形式:
There is some in the bottle.
(3)不可数名词不用不定冠词a/am修饰,除非特指也不用定冠词。
The cat is drinking milk.
用一种情况例外,就是在口语中省略介词的:
Give me a wine. = Give me a bottle of wine.
(4)不可数名词常和介词组成介词短语充当可数名词,但仍不改复数:
There are many cup of tea.
不可数名词与of的搭配:
  a bit of news一件消息
  a cake of soap一块肥皂
  a drop of oil一滴油
  a grain of sand一粒沙子
  a pane of glass一块玻璃
  a piece of advice一条忠告
  a pot of jam一罐果酱
  a sheet of paper一页纸
  a box of milk一盒牛奶
(5)修饰不可数名词的形容的词:
much a little of
some/any a lot of
(lesson 43 & lesson 46)
Expressions:
情态动词 can:
情态动词是有意义的助动词的一种,当然不能单独使用。
情态动词没有人称与时态的变化,后面跟动词原型。
情态动词用于构成否定句和疑问句。
can 能,会
Can you speak English? 你会说英语么?
can 可以代替may
Can I use your bike? 我可以用你的车么?
can 表示“可能性”,常用于否定句或疑问句中
Can it be true? 这会是真的么?
can 的句型:
肯定句:He can make the tea.
否定句:He can’t make the tea.
一般疑问句:Can he make the tea? Yes, he can. No, he can’t.
特殊疑问句:What can he do?
(lesson 47 & lesson 49)
Further notes on one text
At the butcher’s 在肉店
方位副词at与in的区别是,at和in在…里;但at表示的地方较小,而in表示的地方很大,例:
at the school at home
in China in Asia
butcher’s 是butcher’s shop的简写,还有例子如hairdresser’s(shop) my
mother’s(house)
What about some steak? 如果疑问句中希望得到对方的肯定回答,那么也可以使用some,如:
Would you like some biscuit? 你希望来一些饼干么
What about some steak? 来点牛排怎么样?
To tell you the truth, Mrs. Bird. 动词不定式作插入语。
所谓动词不定式就是to +verb.的形式,其中to被称为小品词。
动词不定式不可以作谓语,但可做其它句子成份。例:
To say is one thing, to do is another thing.
说一套做一套。(动词不定式作主语)
I don’t like chicken either.
当either做conj.时,只用于否定句中,而too只用于肯定句和疑问句中。
Expressions:
一般现在时:
一般现在时的基本用法:
1. 描述现在的事实或状态:
There flowers are very beautiful.
2. 表示经常性的习惯性的动作(always ,often ,usually ,sometimes):
He goes to school at 8 o’clock everyday.
3. 描述客观的事实或真理:
The sun rises on the east.
4. 口语的时候也可以代替将来时(come go leave arrive start get stay 等单词):
The meeting starts at 5 o’clock. 会议将在5点中开始
注意和be going to的区别。
We are going to a meeting at 5 o’clock.
She is a teacher. 这第一种形式就是已经学过的S+be的系表结构,不再举例。
I like beef.
He likes the beef. 第三人称单数要进行-s &es的变化。
否定句与疑问句:
I don’t like beef. Do you like beef? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
What do you like?
He doesn’t like beef. Does he like beef? Yes, he does. No, he
doesn’t. What does he like?
What does he do? 他在干什么?
1. 由此可见,一般现在时中,否定句与疑问句要用助动词do来提问(第三人称用does)。
2. 注意的是,如果句子中有了助动词does了,那么实义动词本身不变化。
3. 注意这个does的发音,[]。
动词的变化:当主语是第三人称单数时,动词需要变化,规则与名词的复数类似:
1. 一般动词加 &s
2. 以s/sh/ch/x/z 加-es,如:push、pass、catch、fix、buzz
3. 以辅音+y结尾,把y变i再加-es,如:study、cry
4. 以辅音+o结尾加es,如:do、go。
序数词(1):序数词从字意来看,表示:第几第几。一般情况下在基数词后面加-th,有以下口诀助记:
1、2、3特殊记
first second third
1st 2nd 3rd
8去t,9去e
eighth ninth
thirtieth fortieth
ve f来代替
若变数字几十几,只将个位基变序
twenty first
序数词要和定冠词the连用。
(lesson 50 & lesson 52)
Further notes on one text
tomato potato注意这两个单词的复数加es,还有hero这个词。
pea、bean注意这两个单词是可数的。
garden (fruit & vegetable),花园蔬菜或水果,价格比较晚昂贵。
Where do you come from? come from…来自…。还可以这么说
Where are you from? 一般现在时的系表结构。
What nationality are you? 系表。
I come from China.
I’m from China
I’m Chinese.
注意介词from(来自…)和国家(China)搭配;不与人名(Chinese)。
What’s the climate like in your country? 用what’s … like?
来询问天气
What be…like? (什么)怎么样?(见lesson3)。这里面like做介词,意思是像…一样。常用的短语有:
be like 象…
She is like her mother. 她像她的妈妈。
look like 看起来像…
They look like twins. 他们看起来像双胞胎。
feel like +n/ving 喜欢…
What’s the climate like in spring?
除非有定语限制,否则季节、星期、月份前不加定冠词the.;注意季节用介词in。
Expressions:
1. 副词(2)The Adverb.
所谓副词,就是修饰动词、形容词或其它副词的词,它的分类如下:
时间副词:now现在;then当时;soon立刻;age以前;recently最近;last后来;today tomorrow,
时间副词放在地点副词之后,或放在主语之前。
I came here last Saturday. 上星期六我来过这里。
Yesterday I saw her there. 昨天我在那儿看见她。
频率副词:never从不seldom很少sometimes有时often经常usually通常always总是(这些词频由小及大)
频率副词一般放在be动词之后,实义动词之前;如果有助动词的话放在助动词与实义动词之间。
She is often late. 她经常迟到。
The Mid-Autumn usually comes in Sep or Oct. 中秋节通常在9月或10月。
但如果在口语中如果为了表示强调该副词的话,同样也可以把频率副词放在句首会句尾:
The weather rains sometimes.
方式副词:carefully仔细地;suddenly突然,rapidly迅速地,slowly慢慢地,favorably顺利地,hard努力地
方式副词常用来修饰动词,包括不定词、动名词和分词,通常位于被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时,一般放在宾语的后面。
They walked slowly. 他们走得很慢。slowly修饰动词walked。
The snow continued to fall heavily. 雪继续下得很大。heavily修饰不定词to
判断方式副词的一个方法是,方式副词可以翻译成汉语“…地”,而不能这么翻译的就不是方式副词,需要放在被修饰的前面,如:nearly几乎,even曾经,just刚刚,never从不。
程度副词:very十分 much很多 so那么 too 太 quite相当地 almost几乎 nearly 几乎 quite
程度副词常用来修饰形容词、数词、介词短语或其它副词,放在被修饰词之前。
This room is fairly small. 这个房间相当地小。
He drives extremely fast. 他的车开的非常快。
They are going to stay here fully six months.他们要在这里至少停留六个月。
This long nail went right through the plank. 这颗钉子完全穿透了木板。
注意:enough这个词很特殊,修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后,但修饰副词时放在副词之前
The number of the money is big enough. 钱的数目足够大了。
地点副词:here在这里& there在哪里 home在家 upstairs在楼上
abroad 在国外 downtown 市中心
地点副词还可用来代表位置:in on out into off over.(没有宾语时就是副词,有宾语时就是介词)
Come in, please 请进。 Shut up! 闭嘴。
如果句子中有两个或两个以上的副词的话,应按照方式、地点、频率、时间的顺序进行排列成句;注意,这个顺序不仅仅适用于副词,而是适用于英语的常态语序。
The man runs slowly along the river at six o'clock every
这个人每天早上六点钟慢慢地沿着河边跑步。
但是要注意的是,如果副词与副词短语与句子的主干更密切那么要把这个副词放在前面。
What's the weather like in spring in your country?
此例中主要问的是in spring自然是要把他放在前面。
另外如果句子中出现了多个时间副词或地点副词(介词短语),同样要从小往大描述。
I’m used to getting up early at six o'clock every morning.
我习惯每天早上六点钟早早起床。
I met a beggar at the gate of a park in a small town in London
一天我在伦敦一座小镇的公园门口遇到一个乞丐。
副词的购词法:许多方式副词都是由形容词+ly构成的:
warm & warmly
slow & slowly
quick & quickly
2. 辅音+y,变y为i,再加ly
heavy & heavily
thirsty & thirstily adv.如饥似渴地
busy & busily
3. 同形情况(不仅限于方式副词)
early & early
hard & hard
well & well
注意:有些形容词变副词后,会丧失一些词义。另外要注意late adv.晚lately adv.最近这个词。
副词在句子成份中做状语,一些介词短语也可以做状语:
at night 在晚上 in China 在中国
(lesson 53 & lesson 56)
Further notes on one text
Which season do you like best?
注意这个句子的结构,一般来说,除了频率副词之外,副词修饰动词时,应放在实义动词之后,如果有宾语的话,那么放在宾语的后面,如:
My sister likes pop music best. 我妹妹最喜欢流行音乐。
同样的课文中:The sun rises early and
early late 都可以做形容词。
You are early today. 你来的很早。
Don’t be late for school. 上学不要晚了
The Sawyers live at 87 King
Street.这句话中,姓氏前加The并加复数,代表索耶一家人,尤其是代表索耶夫妇俩。而如果是具体的门牌号,要用介词at,否则用in,另外说地址要从小到大描述不能说King
Street No.87。
The Sawyers live in King Street.
Their fathers take them to school every day. take sb to pla.
带某人去某地。
Sunday I take my children to zoo and watch the panda.
星期天,我带着孩子到动物园看熊猫。
The children come home from school.
孩子们从学校回到家。注意from这个词,意思是“从…”。
It takes 30 minutes from home to the school. 从家到学校需要30分钟。
Marco Polo comes to Beijing from Italy. 马克波罗从意大利来到北京。
They arrive home early.
注意此句中arrive是不及物动词,home是副词。因此home可直接不及物动词。
at noon;in the afternoon. 在正午;在下午。与地点一样,小用at,大用in。课文中的:
at night 在晚上;in the evening. 在夜里。
Expressions:
1. 不及物动词:
所谓不及物动词就是动词不能不直接跟名词的动词,缩写vi。如:
look 看 listen 听 arrive 到达 go 离开come 到达 agree 同意
不及物动词可以直接构成SV简单句:
She fainted. 她病了。
We are working. 我们正在工作。
不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语,需要与副词、介词构成短语使用的。
Look at this map, she’s my country.
Listen to the tape and answer this question.
She often goes to school at six o’clock.
注意的是如果不是动词的话,那么就不使用动词短语:
Come upstairs, please.
I’m last, I must go home.
有些动词既是vt.又是vi.许多动词都是这样,但做vt.和vi.的意思往往相距甚远。
The students are running out of the classroom. 由不及物动词与介词组成。
She runs this pub already two years.
她已经经营了这个小酒馆两年了。run.vt.经营
但也有些动词两者的区别不大(对于翻译成汉语来说),但还是有细微的差别。
The thief jumped over this wall and escaped. 那贼跳过那面墙逃走了。
She jumps a bus hastily. 她匆促地跳上了一辆公交车。
注意,英语中不存在be+动词原型这种结构。
2. What do they usually do?
对一般现在时与副词的总结。
(lesson 57)
Further notes on one text
It’s eight o’clock.. 陈述现在是几点钟了,可以用形式主语It.
The children go to school by car. 介词by用来表示乘坐交通工具,购成一个副词,做状语。
I’m going to go to The U.S. by aeroplane. 我即将乘飞机去美国。
所谓状语与定语的区别在于,状语是用来修饰副词、形容词或其它副词的,而定语是修饰名词的。
The children go to school by car. 划线部分提问:
How do they go to school?
How可以引导一个询问方式的问句。
They are going to school on foot. on foot adv.走路,也做状语。
go to school 去上学 如果是某人去自己的工作场所工作,那么前面不加the.
I’ I must go to the hospital.
The doctor goes to hospital everyday.
on foot adv. 与 walk vi. 有非常明显的区别,前者是一个方式副词,而后者是一个不及物动词。
They are going to school on foot.
They are walking to school.
At the moment = now 用于现在进行时
at once 马上
in a minute 立刻
for a moment 一会儿
Expressions:
1. 如何表达时间,
英语的时间由小往大表达:
Michael Jackson left us at two twenty-six p.m on June
twenty-fifth, two-thousand nine,..
Michael Jackson于日下午14:26离开了我们。
Can you come at ten o’clock in the morning on Monday, April
twenty-fourth?
您在4月24日星期一上午10点钟来可以么?
也就是说,英语中的时间顺序是小时,分,上午/下午,月,日,年。
如果只表达月份的话使用:月份+序数词:
My birthday is on May eighteenth. 我的生日是五月十八。
如果表达年的话两位一读:
There was a very big race in nineteen ninety-five.
在一九九五年,有一场大型比赛。
但如果是100x、200x这么读
Michael Jackson died in two thousand nine. 麦克尔杰克逊死于2009年。
如果只表达时间,那么有几下三种方法:
整点:基数词+o’clock,eight o’clock p.m. 下午八时整
过: (一般只用于X点1分到X点30分)a quarters past eight a.m. 上午八时十五分。
当然还可以直接表达 eight fifteen a.m. 八时十五分
差: (一般只用于X点31分到X点59分)five to nine p.m. 傍晚八点五十五分。
注意:如果要说大约在几点,about放在时间之前
about three 大约三点钟。
询问时间用:What’s the time? 或 What time is it?
2. 时间介词(1)at、in、on:
at 表示时间的某一点,而且后面不用冠词 the
at six o’clock 在六点钟 at dawn 在黎明 at noon在正午。
at breakfast
表示一瞬间
at that moment 此刻;at that time 在那时
on 表示某日的时间段
on Monday 星期一;on Friday afternoon 在周五的下午;
on Children’s Day 在儿童节;on the morning of August the eighth
在8月8日的早晨
in 范围最大,表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代。但morning、afternoon、evening三词与in
in the morning 在早晨 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在傍晚
in spring 在春天,in 2008 在2008年
(lesson 58 - lesson 60)
Further notes on one text
I want a large box of chalk. 注意粉笔这个单词是不可数名词
a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
I only have large ones. one/ones不可以指代不可数名词。
What else do you want? 您还要些什么?其中的What
else…?还看作一个疑问短语。else常用购成疑问短语。
Who else did come to that party yesterday?昨天来参加聚会还有谁?
What else am I going to do? 我还要做些什么?
Where else will we go? 我们还要去哪?
That’s all. 就这些了。
There were twenty cars in the race. Our friend at the
Expressions:
完全动词 have
1. have 被称为一个万能动词,本意是“有,拥有”的意思,在现在进行时其单三形式为has
陈述句:He has a big room. 他有一个大房子。
一般疑问句:Does he have a big room? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
或:Has he a big room? Yes he has. Nod he hasn’t.
否定句:He doesn’t (hasn’t) has a big room.
提问:What do you have? 你有什么?
have和There be的区别:have是有所属权的“有”,而There be指的是“某处有某物。”
I have a beautiful bird.
There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
2. have 还可以用于三餐,或病名等名词前,表示“得…;吃…”(不使用haven’t/ hasn’t否定)
have breakfast 吃早餐
have a cold 得了感冒
have a toothache 牙痛
have flu 得了感冒
3. have跟在名词后面,表示这个词的动词形式。(一般来说,这个词既是名词也是动词)
have a swim 去游泳
have a picnic 去野餐
(lesson 61 - lesson 63)
Further notes on one text
What’s the matter with him? = What’s wrong with him?
注意用宾格形式。
Show me your tongue. 双宾语简单句,等于Show your tongue to me.
So he must stay in bed for a week.
so是一个连词,for跟一个时间段,must是一个情态动词,如果提问的话:
What must he do? 他必须怎么做?
How long must he stay in bed? 他必须躺在床上多长时间?
That’s good news for Jimmy. news不可数名词,不用定冠词。注意介词for的用法:“对于…”
a piece of good news 一条好消息。
But you must keep the room warm.
注意keep的用法,要把形容词放在名词之后,做宾语补足语。
keep the water boiling 让水一直开着
The boy mustn’t go to school yet. yet常用于否定或疑问句之中,而且用于完成时态。
You must stay in bed for another two days. another
表示再一、又一的意思。
Each day = every day
Expressions:
1. 系表结构:所谓系表结构是由系动词组成的句子,是五种简单句之一。系表结构的最大特点是动词后可以直接跟形容词。
系动词分类:
状态系动词:be。表示主语的状态。
She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。
持续系动词:keep remain stay,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。
He must remain in bed,他必须继续待在床上。
You can keep the room tidy. 你应该保持这个房间的整齐。
表象系动词:seem 似乎, appear 看来, look 好像。用来表示"看起来像"这一概念。
This cat looks Lucy’s hat. 这只猫看起来露西的帽子。
She seems very happy. 她好像很开心。
This answer appears wrong. 这个答案似乎是错的。
感官系动词:look 看,smell 闻,taste 尝,sound 听,feel 摸,感觉。
Lee sounds like a Chinese last name. “Lee”听起来像中国的一个姓氏。
This dog looks very lovely. 这只狗看上去非常可爱
The flowers smell very sweet. 这些花非常芳香。
The Chinese jumping tastes delicious. 饺子非常好吃。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这块布摸起来很柔软。
He feels ill. 他感觉生病了。
变化系动词:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,
run.,表示主语变得如何。
Autumn turns the green leaves golden. 秋天树叶变成了金黄色。
She grew rich within a short time. 很短的时间内,她就富了。
系表结构的用法:
系动词有时态,人称的变化:
表语常常是形容词:
注意系动词的固定搭配:
有些单词既是系动词,又是实义动词,比如:
2. 时间介词 (2):
between 表示在两者之间的时间:
I usually get up between half past six and half past seven.
我通常在六点到七点间起床。
by 表示不迟于
I never get up by a quarter to eight am. 我起床的时间从不迟于7:45。
by 还可以“在…期间”
I often work by night. 我经常在夜间工作。
after 在…之后;before 在…之前
After a few days I felt much better. 过了一段时间,我觉得好多了。
before 在…之前
I must arrive at school before nine o’clock in the morning.
我必须在上午9点前到达学校。
until 直到…之时,直至。= till
I shall wait until ten o’clock. 我将等到10点钟。
for 用来表示时间的长度,非常常用。(注意,不与终止性动词肯定句连用)
He must remain in bed for another two days. 他必须再躺在床上两天。
I have been studying is for three moths. 我已经学习英语三个月了。
since 自从,用来表示一个时间点,用于现在完成时。可用于终止性动词
He has work since 1985. 他自1985年开始工作。
(lesson 64 - lesson 66)
Further notes on one text
the key to the front door. 前门的钥匙,这是一个固定搭配,要注意:
This is the key to the gate of the school. 这是学校大门的钥匙。
This is the key to the question. 这是这个问题答案。
Expressions:
1. 反身代词:
him her it
his her its
his hers its
himself herself itself
yourselves
themselves
反身代词一般有两种用法:
1)做宾语,意思为:亲自、自己。
Please help yourself to some tea. 请自己用茶。
He teaches himself English. 他自学英语。
2)做主语的同位语,放在名词、代词的后面;或是句尾:
I will try it my self. 我亲自试试。
We ourselves went to the city center on foot. 我们自己步行去的市中心。
2. enjoy vt. 喜欢,欣赏
连接名词(sth),表示喜欢某事和like用法相同。
I enjoy that meal. 我很喜欢这顿饭。
连接动名词(Ving),表示喜欢做某事和like doing用法相同。
I enjoy playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。
连接反身代词(oneself),但不跟人称代词
We always enjoy ourselves. 我们总是玩的开心。
(lesson 67 - lesson 69)
Further notes on one text
butcher’s在肉店,参考Lession14的注释,对映的名词有:greengrocer’s(蔬果店)doctor’s(诊所)my
mother’s(我妈妈的家)hairdresser’s(理发店)
How are you all keeping? 你们身体都好么?
for the weekend for强调一个时间段;at强调一个时间点
Aren’t you lucky! 你们真幸运!否定形式的感叹句。
Don’t you know! 你难道不知道么?
Isn’t he my friend! 难道你不是我的朋友么?
at church 做礼拜。注意以下不用不定冠词:church、school、hospital。
in the race 参加比赛 at the race 在赛场上(观看比赛)
hundreds of… 数以百计的…用来表示不确定的数量才用复数形式。
Five other cars were just behind him. 注意程度副词just的位置,在be动词之后。
Expressions:
一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作、事件。
与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:
1. 句子中有“介词+表示过去时间的名词”构成的短语,如in 1949,on March&
fifth等时。例如:
Tom was born in 1990. 汤姆出生于1990年。
2. 句子中有表示时间的副词yesterday,或由yesterday构成的短语,如 yesterday morning/
afternoon/ evening, the day before yesterday等时。 例如:
He went to Beijing with his parents yesterday.
他昨天和他的父母一起去北京了。
3. 句子中有“时间段+ago”构成的短语,如five days ago,two years ago等时。例如:
My father came to the school three years ago. 我父亲三年前来到了这所学校。
4. 句子中有“last +表示时间的名词”构成的短语,如last year,last month 等时。例如:
We visited the Great Wall last Sunday. 上个星期天我们参观了长城。
5. 句子中有其它表示过去的词语或短语,如once(曾经),then(那时),just now(刚才)等时。例如:
Your friend once telephoned to say goodbye to you.
你的朋友曾打电话向你告别。
I went to your home just now. 我刚去过你家。
现在进行时
be+现在分词
now at the moment
一般现在时
频率副词 every each
一般过去时
yesterday just now last week
an hour age in 1997 before 3 minute
一般过去时的结构:
系表(be):描述过去的事实
陈述句:She was at the butcher’s just now.
一般疑问句:Was she at the butcher’s just now?
回答:Yes, she was./ No, she wasn’t.
Who was at the butcher’s just now?
Where was she just now?
When was she at the butcher’s?
行为动词:描述过去的状态
陈述句:I watched the teleplay yesterday.
一般疑问句:Did you watch the teleplay yesterday?
回答:Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Who watched the teleplay yesterday?
What did you do yesterday?
When did you watch the teleplay yesterday?
过去分词的规则变化:
1. 在动词后加ed,清辅后读[t];浊辅或元音读[d]
look&looked
listen&listened
2. 以t或d结尾的加ed,读[ed]
need&needed
want&wanted
3. 以e结尾,直接加d
phone&phoned
hope&hoped
agree&agreed
4. 以重读音节短元音+辅音结尾的,双写辅音+ed
stop&stopped
&(重读r音节也要用这条规则)
refer&referred
prefer&preferred
5. 以辅音+y的,变y为i加ed读[id],而元音则直接加ed
carry&carried
常用过去分词不规则变化表:
(lesson 70 & lesson72)
Further notes on one text
He telephoned me four times yesterday. 他昨天给我打了4次电话。
英语的一般语序是:方式;地点,频率,时间。
once adv.一次 twice adv.两次 three times 三次
注意区别 sometimes 有时 sometime 某个时候 some time 经过若干时间 some times
This is Pauline’s mother. 我是波琳的母亲。在打电话的时候,注意用This is,不用I’m。
This is Edward calling from London. 我是爱德华,现正在伦敦给你打电话。
Expressions:
1. 时间状语(时间副词)
two weeks ago 两周前:
last week 上周:
three days ago 大前天(三天前):
the day before yesterday 前天:
the day before yesterday in the morning(前天早晨)
the night before last(前晚)
yesterday 昨天:
last night(昨晚);
yesterday morning(昨天早晨)
today 今天:
this morning(今天早晨)
tonight(今晚)
tomorrow 明天:
tomorrow morning(明天早晨)
next night(明晚)
the day after tomorrow 后天:
the day after tomorrow in the morning(后天早晨)
the night after next(后晚)
three days later 大后天(三天后)用于过去时:
next week 下周:
two weeks later两周后(用于过去时):
in three days 三天后,用于将来时
(lesson 73 & lesson74)
Further notes on one text
the way to King street the way to sph 什么…道路,介词短语做后置定语
the book on the desk
the key to the front door.
Can you tell me the way to spl? 你能告诉我做去什么的路么?
She does not know London very well. 她对伦敦不是很了解。
say to oneself& 心中暗想
Expressions:
副词:参见Lesson15
(lesson 76 & lesson78)
Further notes on one text
We had some shoes like those a month ago. 注意age
adv.以前,可以和时间购成一个时间状语,并只用于一般过去时。
She left home thirty minutes. 她三十分钟前离开了家。
Long long ago, there lived a King. 很久很久以前,这些住这一个国王。
Do you have any shoes like these? like pren.像 these
pron.这些,这是介词短语做后置定语的一种形式。
this = there(pl.); that = those (pl.)
You should work hard like him.你应该像他一样努力工作。
be in fashion adj.流行 & be out of fashion adj. 过时的,不流行的 =
fashionable adj./ unfashionable adj.
I’m afraid that I can’t. 这是个that引导定语从句,注意be+adj.的结构。
They are very uncomfortable. 注意这个地方应该重读,表示强调。
Can’t the dentist see me now? 这是情态动词的否定疑问句。
Can you at 10 a.m. on Monday, April 24th?注意这个时间顺序是从小到大排序。
I live at the King Street No.87 in London in England.
地点也是从小到大排序。
at the moment adv. 时间副词做状语。
have an appointment with sb 与某人有约会。指正常的预约行为。
have a date with sb 指男女约会。
Is it urgent? 急吗?形式主语。
Expressions:
1. 否定疑问句(反问句):常用来表示惊异、赞叹、责备、建议、看法或有礼貌的邀请等。这种疑问句常带有浓厚的感情色彩。
否定疑问句同样有时态的变化:
Don’t you know the earth is round?你难道不知道地球是圆的么?
Aren’t you lucky? 难道你不幸运么?
Can’t you work hard like him? 难道你不能像他一样努力工作?
Haven’t I asked you? 难道我没有问过你么?
Didn’t you see him yesterday? 难道你昨天没看见他么?
Don’t you will go to park tomorrow? 难道明天你不去公园么?
否定形式的回答,注意其汉译方式:
Can’t you wait till this afternoon? 您就不能等到今天下午了吗?
Yes, I can. 不,我能。No, I can’t. 是的,我不能。
注意一般否定疑问句的完全式
Is she not a nurse?
Isn’t she a nurse?
否定疑问句常和特殊疑问词why使用。
Why don’t ask your teacher about this question.
关于这个问题,你为什么不问你的老师。
2. 名词变形容词的购词法(1):
加y,许多有关天气的单词加y,变形容词:读音为[i]
cloud n.云 & cloudy adj.多云的:rainy runny snowy windy misty有雾的
lucky adj.幸运的;healthy adj.健康的;noisy
部分加ly的名词形容词要特别注意,(与形容词变副词混淆):读音为[li]
friendly adj.友谊的 lovely adj.可爱的 daily adj.每日的
后缀able [‘eibl] adj.能,会,这个单词常用于be able to
v.能,会,在形容词后缀中读[]]
fashionable adj.流行的 & unfashionable adj.不流行的
comfort n.舒适 & comfortable adj.舒适的 & uncomfortable adj.不舒适的
前缀un 代表相反的
untidy adj.不整齐的 uncomfortable adj不舒适的 unlucky adj.不幸的 unsmiling
3. 宾语从句的概念:用句子做宾语叫宾语从句。宾语从句是名词从句的一类(名词从句用于主表宾从句)
句子的分类:在英语中,句子按结构来为可分为三类,简单句、并列句和复合句。以下举例说明:
简单句五种结构:
We work hard. (主谓)
He is a teacher.(主系表)
Jill enjoys herself.(主谓宾)
He bought a ring for her mother.(主谓双宾)
Cleaner keeps the class clean.(主谓宾补)
并列句三种结构:
Do you like vegetable or meat?(选择并列句)
Open you book and read this text.(同等并列句)
It’s good news because he doesn’t like school.(因果并列句)
复合句(从句):分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
宾语的概念:从简单句中可以看出,宾语放在动词的后面,由名词(动名词,动词不定式)、代词和介词短语充当宾语。其中不及物动词后面的宾语是一个介词短语。
4. that 引导的宾语从句:其中that 可以省略。
1. S + be + adj. + that +
从句,其中adj.表示人的情感,心理活动的一些形容词,而不是一般的形容词如:
afraid 恐怕的,sure 确信的,有把握的,sorry 抱歉的,glad 高兴的,anxious
渴望的,confident 自信的,proud 骄傲的。
I’m afraid that I can’t help you. 我恐怕我不能帮助你。
I’m sure that he has a bed cold. 我确信他得了重感冒。
I’m sorry that he died. 对于他的死我感到很抱歉。
2. S + v + that + 从句,其中动词有:
think 想/ know 知道/ understand 知道/ believe 相信
I think that you are right.
I believe that you can fly.
5. 宾语从句的要点概述:
宾语从句的要点为:连接词;语序和时态。本课中学习的宾语从句的要点如下:
连接词:that,可以省略。
语序:宾语从句的陈述句语序与一般陈述句的语序相同。
时态:在宾语从句中,主句用一般现在时,从句可用任何时态。如果宾语从句是过去时的话,从句也必须是过去时。但如果从句是客观规律、真理,则使用一般现在时
She said to me that the earth is round.
以that引导的宾语从句可以转成一个由动词不定式组成的宾补简单句:
常用hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等动词;find,see,watch,hear等感官动词。
I hope that I have got some money. = I hope for you have got
some money.
I wish that he remain home. = I wish him to remain home.
(lesson 79& lesson80)
Further notes on one text
make a shopping list 写一张购物单。
We haven’t got much tea or coffee.
在选择并列句中,or用于疑问句和否则句,而and 用于肯定句:
We have got much tea and coffee.
Have we got any beer and wine?
如果疑问句中希望得到对方的肯定回答,那么用陈述句的语法。(参见Lesson 14).
Would you like some beef? 来一些牛肉怎么样
We haven’t got any meat at all. 我们根本没有肉了。
at all adv.根本,用于否定句之中。放在句末。
not any 一点也没有了 & not many/little 几乎没有了(有一点)
What about vegetables? = How many are vegetables? 当上下文有关系时,用What
about询问某人或某物的状态。(参见Lesson9)
I hope that you’ve got some money.
hope这个单词很特殊,因为hope不及物,所以不能hope sb to do sth的结构,而是用hope
that。同样的:expect vi. 但 wish vt.。
I hope that you have got some money. = I wish you have got some
have/has got to sth拥有某物,这是一个固定搭配。have got =
have。其中have当助动词使用。
I haven’t got a large house. = I don’t have a large house.
get vt. [口]买 = buy vt.买,get vi. 到达 = arrive vi.到达
I must go to the grocer’s to get some cheese. 动词不定式做目的状语。
Expressions:
1. 情态动词need:
must,但是need只用于否定形式和疑问句,而must只用于肯定形式和疑问句。另外need可用于if及whether引导的从句用或用于有否定语气的句子里,比如:hardly
adv.几乎;no one n.没有人。
Must/Need you finish the work?
Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.
much/need 与have to 的比较是much表示主观愿望;have
to表示客观规律。但much/need没有过去式,必须借助had to来购成过去时。
2. 名词的复数(3):
可以修饰可数名词的形容词或介词短语为:
some/any = a few;a lot of/ lots of = many;few = not many
可以修饰不可数名词的形容词或介词短语为:
some/any = a little;a lot of/lots of = much;little = not
注意他们的用法:a few/ a little 表示有一点,用于肯定形式;few/little
表示几乎没有了,用于否定形式。但两者表示数量很要用于否定句。
I have got a little money. 我还有一些钱。
I have got little money. 我几乎没有钱了。
注意some/any和a lot of/ much的否定用法
We haven’t got any sugar or jam. 我们没有糖和果酱。
We haven’t got much sugar or jam. 我们几乎没有糖和果酱了。
如果比较的话:
a lot of/ lots of = many/ much& some/any& a few/ a
little& not much/ not many = few/ little & not any
也就是说,not any等于一点也没有了,而not much是几乎没有了(还有一点,但some的数量要比a few大。
注意以下新学的单词是否可数:
可数:vegetables,
不可数:money,fruit,stationery
(lesson 81& lesson83)
Further notes on one text
We had roast beef and potatoes. 划线部分是一道菜名,这是一个名词,因此没有不定式一说
I’m nearly ready. 我就要完成了,nearly是一个程度副词。
Let’s go into the living room. Let’s = Let
us,Let’s是一个很常用的祈使句
Excuse the mess 乱七八糟,请原谅。
Expressions:
现在完成时:表示的是过去一个不确定时间里发生的一个动作或状态延续到现在对现在产生影响或者是结果,这个动作可能完成也有可能继续延续。
1. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
(1)常用于现在完成时的时间状语有:already adv.已经、yet adv.还、ever adv.曾经、never
adv.从不、just adv.刚刚。
already adv.已经:只用于肯定句,放在助动词之后,被修饰词之前:
I have already done my housework。
如果already变疑问句或否定句的话可以,使用yet。
Have you done your housework yet?
I haven’t done my housework yet.
yet adv.还 通常放于句末,只用于否定句或疑问句,问句翻译成已经、否定句翻译成还。与already配对。
yet 用于情态动词之后,表示迟早,早晚,终究(may yet)
We may win yet. 我们迟早会成功。
yet 在英式语法中使用现在完成时,在美式语法中使用一般过去时。
英:I haven’t received a letter from him yet.
美:I didn’t receive a letter from him yet.
never adv.从未,决不:never只用于肯定句,放在助动词之后,被修饰词之前:
He had never been Paris.
never与ever相反,ever只用于否定或疑问句,ever放在助动词之后,被修饰词之前
Has he ever been Paris?
He ever been Paris?
never有不同时态的变化:
Hawaii never snows.
I shall never forget you.
ever adv.曾经:常用于构成否定形式或疑问句,也可以用于条件句或比较句,不用于陈述句或肯定回答。
ever有不同时态的变化,ever用于有否定语气的的陈述句或否定句:
We hardly ever go out at night. 我们晚上几乎从不出去。
Do you ever wish you were rich? 你曾希望过自己很富吗?
It is colder than ever today. 今天比以往更冷。
He studies as hard as ever. 他仍像以前一样用功。
If you ever visit London, you must come and stay with us.
你要是到伦敦来,一定要到我们这里住住。
在陈述句中,用once adj.曾经,来代替ever。
He has once come to China many times. 他已经来中国许多次了。
just adv.刚刚,刚才:just有多种含义,意为“刚刚,刚才”常用于现在完成时,也用于一般过去时。
I have just finished this movie. 我刚看完这部电影。
The rain just stopped. 雨刚停。
(2)现在完成时,常与时间段for和时间点since的介词短语做状语连用
He has studied English for 5 years. 他已经学五年英语了。
He has studied English since 1985. 自1985年起他就学英语。
注意:for不与终止型动词(come、go、do、marry、buy等)连用。
2. 现在完成的句式:have/ has + 过去分词
陈述句:I have worked.
一般疑问句:Have you worked? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
否定句:I haven’t worked.
疑问句:What have you done?
3. 过去分词:
过去分词与过去式的动词规则变化是一样的,但不规则变化有些与过去式有区别,需要另记。
4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
最主要的区别在于,现在完成的两个要点:
1. 动作持续到现在
2. 发生在过去但强调结果。
a. 当句子有表示过去某时的状语时,不用现在完成时
b. 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,多用现在完成时。
c. 现在完成时常用的副词有already, yet, just, as, ever, never.
d. 与for或since组成的时间介词短语连用。
e. 与现在进行时的时间短语连用,如so far, now, today, this week.
f. 当动作持续到现在,不与终止性动词连用,常使用have been句型。
Wrong: We’ve come there many times.
Right: We’ve been there many times.
& Lesson28(lesson 84& lesson88)
Further notes on one text
Have been to/ Have gone to 两者的区别在于,have been to 指曾经去过的某地;have
gone to 指已经去某地;到达与否不确定。其中have be to 在完成时中非常常用。
He has been to Paris. 他已经去过巴黎了。(现在不在巴黎)
He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。(在巴黎或在巴黎的路上)
What’s on? 口语经常使用,上映什么电影
It rained all the time. adv.始终,一直。
Just like London 省略句:Paris was just like London. just adv.不过
Is my car ready yet? 可见yet不仅用于完成时态,他也可用于现在时。
They are still working on it. 注意still不常用于完成时态。
I don’t know. 在口语中如果想委婉的表达不确定,可使用下面的句子:
I have no idea. 我没有主意。= I’m not certain. 我不确信。
Have your mechanics finished yet?
yet用于否定句,疑问句之中,陈述句用already.
have a look at it. 用have引导的可做名词的动词,看一看它(你的车)。
下面还有have a crash 撞车,还有have a try 试一试,have a look at,看一下
But to tell you the truth. 告诉你实话吧,动词不定式做插入语,注意这句话。
Expressions
1. 注意下列词与现在完成时常用:
用于肯定句
疑问、否定句
till/until
注意下列词不使用现在完成时态:
1. 表示过去时态的时间状语:in 1998,yesterday,three years ago,last week
2. When 不用于现在完成时
3. still adv.还,仍然,一般不用于完成时态。
(lesson 89& lesson92)
Further notes on one text
I’ve lived here for twenty years. How long可以对一段时间提问。
It cost 68,500 pounds. How much可以对钱进行提问。
It’s worth 68,500 pounds.
worth every penny of it. 一分钱,一分货。
No, not yet. = No, he hasn’t moved to his new house yet.
Has he moved to his new house yet? move
当做搬家是不及物动词,但如果是移动却是及物的。
He has always been a good neighbour.
程度副词当然也可以用于现在完成时,尤其是像课文中这种情况。
Expressions
1. 疑问句的总结,疑问词为两类,一类是疑问副词,另一类是疑问代词(Who,What, Which,
Whose),疑问代词可以直接作主语,其它疑问句要用一般疑问词的语序:
2. 一般将来时
一般将来时有三种表达方式:
1. 用一般现在时来代替将来时,表示要计划做某事。
2. 用be going to
3. 使用will/shall.
一般将来时的句式:
I will work.
Will you work?
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
I won’t work.
shall用于第一人称,也可以用will来代替。
与一般将来时连用的时间状语
today 今天:this morning(今天早晨)tonight(今晚)
tomorrow 明天:tomorrow morning(明天早晨)next night(明晚)
the day after tomorrow 后天:the day after tomorrow in the
morning(后天早晨)the night after next(后晚)
in three days 大后天(三天后):
next week 下周:
in two weeks两周后:
soon 立刻;by this time 到现在;
(lesson 93& lesson 95)
Further notes on one text
Nigel is our new next-door neighbour.
1. 注意两个形容的的次序,与汉语次序相同。
2. next-door 是形容词做定语,一般有连字符的形容词不做表语。
What time will the next train leave? 注意What
time询问是具体时间的,而When询问的是大概时间。
Platform Two. 英语中如果有单位的话,把数字放在后面,如:
Class 1 Grade 2 二年一班(从小到大) room 101 101号房间
plenty of plenty是一个名词,plenty of
adj.足够的,充足的。可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但一般用于肯定句中。疑问句用enough adj.足够的;否定句用much/
many adj.许多的
They have got plenty of time.
Have they got enough time?
They haven’t got much time.
There’s a bar next door to the station.
隔壁的,用to来连接。这是介词短语做后置定语。以前学过的还有。
the key to the front door 前门的钥匙 the way to the school 去学校的路。
had better adv.最好,这是不是程度副词,要放在被修饰动词的前面,他必须跟动词的原型。注意他的缩写’d
better与否定形式had better not。
You had better not play with match.
他的语气比must要轻。
We’ve got plenty of time
That clock’s ten minutes slow. 注意slow的位置。
In five hours’ time. 在将来时中,in可以表示在…之后。
The next train is in five hours’ time.
Expressions
时态的复习:现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时
(lesson 96& lesson 97)
Further notes on one text
the other day 几天前。只用于一般过去时的时间状语,这是一个名词。
the other year 几年前 the month day 几个月前。
Expressions
名词性物主代词与belong to句式:
*单数(名词)
*复数(名词)
his her its
his hers its
名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,可作句子的主语,宾语或表语。(形容词性物主代词做定语)。这就是两者的区别。注意belong
to后面跟代词的宾格,而不是跟名词性物主代词。并注意其单三形式。
Our classroom is on the first floor, theirs in on the second.
我们的教室在一楼,他们在二楼。
Tom didn’t borrow Charlie’s bike, but he borrowed mine.
汤姆没借查理的自行车,但是借了我的。
This handbag doesn’t belong to him, it’s mine.
这个手提包不属于他,这是我的。
介词with,for,to用法详解:
1. with用法
(1)with 有
There’s a label on the handle with my name and address on it.
You have typed it with only one ‘L’. (105)
The girl with blue eyes is my sister. 那个有着蓝色眼睛的是我妹妹。
Mary married a man with a lot of money. 玛丽嫁给了一个有许多钱的男人。
(2)with 用
I’m cutting an apple with a sharp knife. 我正用一把锋力的刀削苹果。
Kate made a necklace with some cowries for her mother.
凯特为她的母亲用许多贝壳做了一串项链。
(3)with 和…一起,表示协同关系
Mr. Jones is with his family. (33)
make friends with sb 和某人做朋友
talk with sb 与某人交谈
play with sb 与某人一起玩
work with sb 与某人共事(工作)
have a conversation with 和…谈话
(4)with 关于,由于,对于,表示原因或理由
What’s the matter with him? (61)
You’d be careful with cars if you want to walk across the road.
如果你想过马路,你应该小心车辆。
Father is often excited with wine. 父亲经常因为饮酒而兴奋。
(5)with 和…一致 赞成,表示与赞同某人的看法。
I'm with anyone who wants to help the homeless.
我赞成任何想帮助无家可归的人。
He is with us on that issue. 在那个议题上他和我们观点一致。
(6)在…身边,带来,带着,表示某物属于某人,注意他的结构是先说物,后说所属者。
I forgot to take them with me. (121)
Do you have some money with you? 你带着一些钱。
A storm with a hurricane swept the city. 狂风带着暴雨席卷了城市。
(lesson 98& lesson 101)
Further notes on one text
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。其中Let有“允许”的意思。注意在Let后面要加不带to的动词不定式。
Love, Jimmy. 爱你的吉米;Yours, Jimmy. 你的,吉米。常用于信件的结尾。
Speak up. 大声的说
Expressions
1. 间接引语:
概念:所谓间接引语就是陈述他人说的话,他的语法一个宾语从句:
直接引语:[The doctor says:] ‘I’ll come at once’.
间接引语:The doctor says [that] he will come at once.
句式:直接引语的句式和宾语从句的句式是一样的。但注意疑问句say要变为ask,祈使句not的位置。
I’ve seen this film.
Ken says that he’s seen this film
一般疑问句
Will you fly to Paris?
Nigel asks me if[/whether] I’ll fly to Paris?
特殊疑问句
What does he want?
I ask you what he wants.
Don’t make noises
The teacher tells them not to make noises.
时态:间接引语的时态与宾语从句的变化相同,主句为现在时或将来时,从句可以是任何时态。主句是过去时,从句一般来说是过去时。具体变化如下:
一般现代时
He wants a new car.
一般过去时
He said that he wanted a new car.
现在进行时
I’m watching television.
过去进行时
He told me he was watching television.
一般过去时
I lost my bag
过去完成时
He said he’d lost his bag.
现在完成时
Have you been to China?
过去完成时
I asked him if he’d beet to China.
一般将来时
When will you go home?
过去将来时
He asked me when I would go home.
但是以下情况特例:
1. 从句是客观事实或真理,那么仍然用一般现在时
The teacher said to us that the earth is round.
Father said that light travels much faster than sound.
2. 如果从句仍然是状态没变,那么仍然用一般现在时。
I told Jim that I always get up at 6 o’clock.
Kate said to me that she likes doll.
3. 如果从句有确切的时间状语支持的话,如in 1976。那么从句的一般过去时不变。
You told me that you were born in 1976.
代词的变化:变间接引语时,代词有可能发生改变。
1. 当this/these 做代词,it/them
I like this. —— Andy says that he likes it.
2. 当this/that/these/those做形容词,变the
He will go to this cinema —— He told me that he would go to the
时态的变化:
this+时间 变 that+时间
Were you found a new job this morning? —— I ask him if he was
found a new job that morning.
today 变 the day 那天
What will you do today? —— He asks me what you will do the
yesterday 变 the day before adv. (在某日的)头一天
My girlfriend bought a watch for me yesterday.
I told to you that my girlfriend bought a watch for me the day
tomorrow 变 the next day adv. (在某日的)下一天
My brother will pay you tomorrow.
You said your brother would pay me the next day.
2. 反意疑问句概述:
概念:询问某种情况是否真实,或者别人是否同意自己。
句型:前面肯定后面否定;前面否定后面肯定。
He doesn’t say very much, does he?
特点:主语、时态、助动词应保持一致。而语调是:升调需要回答,而降调只是一种确认,不需要回答。
Doesn’t Karen Marsh look old?
She does, doesn’t she! (127)
答句:反意疑问句的否则形式的答句与否定疑问句的答句相似:
He doesn’t say very much, does he? 他没有写很多,对么。
Yes, he does. 不,他写了许多No, he doesn’t. 是,他没有写许多。
They are workers, aren't they? 他么是工人,不是么?
Yes, he does.不,他们是工人;No, he doesn’t. 是,他们不是工人。
1.翻译问题:
It’s not you, is it? That’s right. (123) 这不是你,对吗? 不,是我.
2.以TThat的否定疑问句,要用it来回答.
That is Joho Smith, i

我要回帖

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