Yang and Fu:
Insights into Modern Human Prehistory Using Ancient Genomes - 分子人类学讨论区 Molecular Anthropology -
人类生物学在线 Biological Anthropology online
- Powered by Discuz!
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
Yang and Fu:
Insights into Modern Human Prehistory Using Ancient Genomes
本帖最后由 cpan0256 于
14:34 编辑
Melinda A. Yang and Qiaomei Fu
中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
脊椎动物演变与人类起源重点实验室，北京100044
Trends in Genetics
Published online: January 25, 2018
Abstract:&&The genetic relationship of past modern humans to today’s populations and each other was largely unknown until recently, when advances in ancient DNA sequencing allowed for unprecedented analysis of the genomes of these early people. These ancient genomes reveal new insights into human prehistory not always observed studying present-day populations, including greater details on the genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow that characterized past human populations, particularly in early Eurasia, as well as increased insight on the relationship between archaic and modern humans. Here, we review genetic studies on ~45 000- to 7500-year-old individuals associated with mainly preagricultural cultures found in Eurasia, the Americas, and Africa.
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
(370.29 KB)
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
(162.19 KB)
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
(243.41 KB)
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
本帖最后由 cpan0256 于
15:06 编辑
这是一篇评论综述文章。图2讲到论坛里许多人关心的问题。（见4楼）。
谁更像今天的亚洲人？谁更像今天的欧洲人？
谁带有Basal Eurasian成分？
谁和汉人有一点关系？谁和田园洞人有一点关系？
帖子283&精华0&Y HGO3a&Y-SNP&mt HGA4&族裔&籍贯&
下面这篇文章对4楼图中用到的D-statistics和其它一些统计方法做了介绍。
Ancient Admixture in Human History
Nick Patterson et al.
Genetics. 2012 N 192(3): .
Abstract:&&Population mixture is an important process in biology. We present a suite of methods for learning about population mixtures, implemented in a software package called ADMIXTOOLS, that support formal tests for whether mixture occurred and make it possible to infer proportions and dates of mixture. We also describe the development of a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array consisting of 629,433 sites with clearly documented ascertainment that was specifically designed for population genetic analyses and that we genotyped in 934 individuals from 53 diverse populations. To illustrate the methods, we give a number of examples that provide new insights about the history of human admixture. The most striking finding is a clear signal of admixture into northern Europe, with one ancestral population related to present-day Basques and Sardinians and the other related to present-day populations of northeast Asia and the Americas. This likely reflects a history of admixture between Neolithic migrants and the indigenous Mesolithic population of Europe, consistent with recent analyses of ancient bones from Sweden and the sequencing of the genome of the Tyrolean “Iceman.”
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
本帖最后由 imvivi001 于
15:14 编辑
这是中国人的专业团队率先拉开描述整个古今出非洲人群基因结构演变的大幕，值得热烈祝贺！
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
有几处论述值得商榷，如下：
Highlights
Eurasia ～45–35 ka shows the presence of at least four distinct populations: early Asians and Europeans, as well as populations with ancestry found hardly or not at all in present-day populations.
Europeans from around 34–15 ka show high internal population structure.
Approximately 14–7.5 ka, populations across Eurasia shared genetic similarities, suggesting greater interactions between geographically distant populations.
Ancient modern human genomes support at least two Neanderthal admixture events, one ～60–50 ka in early ancestors of non-African populations and a second &37 ka related to the Oase 1 individual.
A gradual decline in archaic ancestry in Europeans dating from ～37 to 14 ka suggests that purifying selection lowered the amount of Neanderthal ancestry first introduced into ancient modern humans.
The genetic relationship of past modern humans to today’s populations and each other was largely unknown until recently, when advances in ancient DNA sequencing allowed for unprecedented analysis of the genomes of these early people. These ancient genomes reveal new insights into human prehistory not always observed studying present-day populations, including greater details on the genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow that characterized past human populations, particularly in early Eurasia, as well as increased insight on the relationship between archaic and modern humans. Here, we review genetic studies on ～45&#- to 7500-year-old individuals associated with mainly preagricultural cultures found in Eurasia, the Americas, and Africa.
-------------------------------------------
37ky之后的欧洲人的尼人成分大幅度降低，应该与39kya左右的意大利超级火山的爆发有关，而非简单的”purifying selection‘，这个我一再提示过了，可惜专业团队依然没有引起重视，遗憾ing～
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
本文依然继续使用不恰当的basal Eurasian 而不是更准确的basal Asia-African，遗憾ing～
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
终于正式证实我之前关于很早之前东西方人群即存在人员交流的推测，令人欣慰～
Another startling new piece of the puzzle is a connection between the Tianyuan individual from China and the Goyet Q116-1 individual from Belgium (Figure 2C). While the Tianyuan individual is most closely related to East Asians and the Goyet Q116-1 individual is most closely related to Europeans, they share more alleles than would be expected for a simple separation between early Asians and Europeans [16]. Previous methods of demographic inference have inferred some gene flow between Europeans and Asians post separation [20, 21, 22], but with the Goyet Q116-1 and Tianyuan individuals, there is direct evidence of a connection between East and West Eurasia as early as the AMA and relatively soon after the Asian–European separation.
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
本帖最后由 imvivi001 于
16:07 编辑
其实本文有一个重大发现（他们之前的田园洞古人文章中其实已经有所论及），那就是田园洞古人极有可能是后来美洲人的直系先祖，尽管作者没有直接明确说出：
Second, the lack of sequenced individuals dating to the AMB period from East Asia means that population structure and turnover in this region cannot be directly assessed, but indirect evidence from the Tianyuan individual suggests that population structure must also have existed here that dates back to the AMA. Some South American populations, particularly the Suruí and Karitiana, show a connection to Oceanians, the Andamanese Onge, and now the Tianyuan individual, but not to present-day East Asian populations, suggesting that the ancestral Native American population(s) that migrated to the Americas were structured, with different types of Asian influence [16, 26]. That this connection exists for the Tianyuan individual means that as far back as ～40 ka, his ancestry is at least partially found in some subpopulations of East Eurasia and must persist in some form until the colonization of the Americas.
& & 如果上面我的这个推测成立，则我的另一个推测关于美洲人先祖的形成地点也要相应地做调整。之前认为是在东北一带，目前来看，可能就在华北偏东一带。（下一步主要的课题是要重新估算美洲人身上的西亚欧成分与Q116古人的西亚欧成分的Fst值）
& &根据现有的数据，可以提出两个model：
model1：35kya，北上的较为纯粹的EE人群在华北东部（渤海湾？或干脆就是燕山山脉一带）与’类田园洞人群‘混合，再继续北上与以Q116为代表的ANE人群（可能是Q116古人的后裔）继续混合，形成ancestral美洲人群，地点在阿穆尔流域一带；
model2：35kya一股较为纯粹的EE人群开始从华东沿海一带北上，循“快速迁移模式”直接抵达阿穆尔流域，与Q116古人成分较多的ANE人群混合，形成ancestral美洲人群。
& & 总的来看，model1更为合理～
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
本帖最后由 imvivi001 于
15:54 编辑
作者提出的AMA与AMB时期的分界点是35kya，正好是美洲东亚先祖与东亚大部分分离的时间，也与亚美大人种的EDAR变异大扩散的起始点非常接近，颇为耐人寻味。不知道这个时期东亚发生了什么？ 难道是一个大暖期的开始...？
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
这个与我前不久关于高加索AIM的分析是一致的，令人欣慰～
The ～7500-year-old La Brana 1 individual possesses the ancestral skin pigmentation alleles for the genes SLC45A2 and SLC45A5, which are strongly associated with dark skin and hair, but he possesses the derived allele in the gene HERC2 associated with blue eye color. This combination is not observed today, suggesting that light skin pigmentation was not fixed in European populations by ～7.5 ka [[url=]37[/url]].
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
尽管作者前不久发表的田园洞古人研究报告中，已经初步论述田园洞古人与以安达曼onge人群的遗传关联性，但是只是浅尝辄止，很不深刻，而这次则干脆没有提及，说明作者还是没有引起足够的重视，以至于得出田园洞古人与现代人群中，与美洲人群相对比较接近的错误结论。
本文的几大遗憾：
1、未能合理解释欧洲人的尼人成分在AMB开始之后急剧下降的根本原因（尽管是作者试图说明的主要现象之一）
2、未能合理解释田园洞古人与现代人群的遗传学关联性；
3、未能有效说明美洲人的形成过程；
4、仍然没有使用现在国际主流专业团队普遍使用的ADMIXTURETool这个强大工具，因此根本不足以全面描绘古今智人基因结构的演变史，尽管目前算是在这个宏大的画卷工程领域开始抢跑，但是漏洞多多，令人遗憾。
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子5825&精华3&Y HGJST002611&Y-SNPF11~F1495&mt HGB4d1&族裔东亚南部&籍贯&
本帖最后由 baiyueren 于
17:17 编辑
大错特错！又企图把复杂的事实简单化～～
第一，田园洞人仅与亚马逊Karitiana等几个原始部落共享一种未知的与Onge人最接近的古人群成分。这说明田园洞人可能只是这部分美洲人的祖先之一（注意只是可能）。
第二，田园洞人mt-B*与美洲的B2分支截然不同，B2是东亚的B4支系后代，所以这也不支持田园洞人是大部分美洲人的直系祖先。
NRY: O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1（源自粤西云浮）
mtDNA：B4d1（源自浙北慈溪）
百越人的人类学文集
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
请看清楚我的原话：“根据现有的数据，可以提出两个model：
model1：35kya，北上的较为纯粹的EE人群在华北东部（渤海湾？或干脆就是燕山山脉一带）与’类田园洞人群‘混合，再继续北上与以Q116为代表的ANE人群（可能是Q116古人的后裔）继续混合，形成ancestral美洲人群，地点在阿穆尔流域一带；”
& &明白什么是“类田园洞人群‘”吗？ 没事喜欢瞎嚷嚷，先学好基础知识再来讨论行不
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子5825&精华3&Y HGJST002611&Y-SNPF11~F1495&mt HGB4d1&族裔东亚南部&籍贯&
本帖最后由 baiyueren 于
17:48 编辑
我压根不认为大部分美洲人的始祖群体在3.5万年前就出现了，除了亚马逊那个有古老成分的小群体之外。
关于基础知识是否扎实的话题，还是你先解释明白你之前关于ANE有EE祖先的猜想再说吧。人家是大嘴博士，我看你充其量也就是大嘴民科评论员。
NRY: O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1（源自粤西云浮）
mtDNA：B4d1（源自浙北慈溪）
百越人的人类学文集
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
非常不好意思，尔的学识尚不具备与我讨论的资本，再次提醒请不要来打搅我，得罪了，就是这样～
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子10668&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔东亚&籍贯中国&
作者提出的AMA与AMB时期的分界点是35kya，正好是美洲东亚先祖与东亚大部分分离的时间，也与亚美大人种的EDAR变异大扩散的起始点非常接近，颇为耐人寻味。不知道这个时期东亚发生了什么？ 难道是一个大暖期的开始...？ ...
imvivi001 发表于
15:53 作者团队在文中指出，AMB的起始时间正好与Gravettian格拉韦田文化的兴起高度吻合，不过这可能也不能说明什么，因为作者同时提到，这个时期初期的比利时古人Q116-1 来自更早的Aurignacian古文化，而他的血统一直延续到LGM结束后的南欧古人 (比如El Mirón古人) ，说明尽管Gravettian格拉韦田文化在欧洲多个地区逐渐取代了Aurignacian古文化，但是人群之间并没有在欧洲形成取代，提示格拉韦田文化人群总体来说是一个宽容的人群，应该包括了y-C1a、y-I、y-C1b、y-J、y-T，甚至还可能包括现在欧洲人最希望出现的y-R
物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平...
帖子946&精华0&Y HG&Y-SNP&mt HG&族裔&籍贯&
恭喜了，新成果，新设想，Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind Audiobooks Download
5 months ago
[AUDIOBOOK FREE] Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind Audiobooks Download
??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? RSS
? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????.
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonlineHashtags: && &|&
- malaymailonline - thestar - thestar - Gmanetwork - thestar - freemalaysiatoday - malaymailonline - thestar - thestar - thestar - malaymailonline - malaymailonline - malaymailonline - thestar - thestar - thestar - thestar - thestar - straitstimes - straitstimes - lowyat - freemalaysiatoday - malaymailonline - freemalaysiatoday - freemalaysiatoday - malaysiandigest - malaysiandigest - thestar - malaymailonline - malaymailonline Most Popular (6 hours)
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline Most Popular
(24 hours)
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- straitstimes
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- straitstimes
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- Gmanetwork
- Gmanetwork
- straitstimes
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest Most Popular
- themalaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- themalaymailonline
- malaysiandigest
- malaysiandigest
- malaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- themalaymailonline
- freemalaysiatoday
- freemalaysiatoday
- malaymailonline
- malaysiandigestCategories - CountriesSourcesAdd to Cart
Grade: 9-12
Material Type: Student Materials
Format: Kit
ISBN-13/EAN: 0
Product Code: 1420676
National/State: National
Copyright Year: 2010
Please note that all discounts and final pricing will be displayed on the Review Order page before you submit your order.
You have selected a product that is available for purchase only by a customer with an institutional account. If you have an institutional account, please sign out and sign back in using an institutional account email address and password.
Create an Institutional Professional account
Learn More
Contact Us
For inquiries concerning bulk purchases for corporate use, sales incentives, or nonprofit sales, please email our Special Sales department at .
for images, reading guides, and educator guides. For additional support, please contact your sales rep or email us at .