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郭老师讲语法——被动语态专讲
郭老师讲语法——被动语态专讲
汉语中对于被动语态的使用简直是小菜一碟，想必大家初次接触到“把”字句、“被”字句时大都不屑一顾。很少有人主动把中文主被动的转换当作大碍。但英文中因为动词时态的复杂，在转换成被动语态时自然容易搅得人头昏脑胀。事实上我们经常用到的一些口语句型就是被动结构，如“Well
done”、“The
plane’s been delayed 10 minutes”等等。如何对付被动语态，本文正是对症下药的良方一剂。
二、语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即是主语在做这个动作；而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象，此时，主语是动作的逻辑宾语。例如：
My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。
The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday.
那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。
三、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接by…，译为“被(由)……”。不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现已及物动词do为例，其各种时态的被动结构形式如下表所示：
四、被动语态的用法
五、两种语态互变
☆主动语态变被动语态
1. 把主动语态的宾语当作被动语态的主语，注意代词的宾格要变为主格；
2. 把谓语变成被动结构(be +过去分词)，时态要跟原主动语态一致；
3. 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，若为代词，要将主格改为宾格。如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语可省略。例如：
主动句：People play football all over
the world.
被动句：Football ____________ (by
people) all over the world.
☆被动语态变主动语态
被动句：This song was ________
(写) by Andy
主动句：Andy Lau ________
(写) this song.
六、特殊结构的被动语态
1. 双宾结构的被动语态
主动结构中如果有两个宾语，变成被动结构时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语保留不变(即：变一留一)。如果把间接宾语变成主语，原来的直接宾语仍然作宾语；如果把直接宾语变成主语，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。例如：
2. 含复合宾语的被动语态
当主动结构中含有复合宾语，即“宾语+宾语补足语”时，变成被动语态时只将宾语变成主语，而宾补原地不动，只不过成了主语补足语。例如：
①We all heard the boy
crying. →The boy ___________ crying (by
②The teacher asked the students
to come early.
→The students ___________ to
come early (by the teacher).
③The advertiser
(报幕员) always makes the audience
& →The audience is always
________________ by the advertiser.
④The man beat the boy black and
blue. →The boy ___________ black and
blue (by the man).
3. 含有使役、感官动词的被动语态
这类动词常见的有：see, watch, notice, look at,
observe(五看)；let, have,
make(三使役)；hear, listen
to(二听)；feel(一感觉)；help(半帮助，因为后面的to可要可不要)。
在主动结构中，其宾补是不带to的不定式，但变成被动语态时，宾补已变成主补，因此不定式的符号to要恢复。例如：
①I saw him go there.
→He ________________ to go there
②We heard him sing in the next
room just now.
→He was heard ________________
in the next room just now (by us).
③She makes her daughter play the
piano every day.
& →Her daughter ________________
play the piano every day (by her).
④He often ________ his sister
cry but this time he was ________ to cry by his sister.
⑤They observed Jim go
home. →Jim ________________ to go home
(by them).
【记忆口诀】
①notice，watch和have不常用于被动结构。
②let后跟单音节不定式做主语补足语时可不带to。例如：We
were let go. 但我们通常
说：We were allowed to
4. 含有短语动词的被动语态
不及物动词不能跟宾语，因此不能用于被动语态，但不及物动词与介词或副词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以用于被动语态。要注意的是，这样的短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变成被动语态时不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词，如look
at, look for, look after, take care of, take off, send
for等。例如：
①This story was happened in
July, 2015. (&)
This story happened in July, 2015. (√)
②You must take good care of the
dictionary. (√)
The dictionary must be taken good care of. (√)
5. 带宾语从句的句子
带宾语从句的句子变为被动语态时，应用形式主语it。例如：
People say that water is all around the city. →It’s said that water is all
around the city.
七、主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1. 有些不及物动词形式上虽为主动但表示被动意义
此类常见动词有write, grow, sell, wear, cut,
drive等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。这些词通常与well,
easily等副词连用。例如：
Meat cuts easily. 肉____________。
Ripe oranges peel easily. 成熟的橘子很容易________。
The novel reads very well. 这本小说____________很有趣。
This shirt will wear very long. 这件衬衫可以____________。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很________。
He is a famous writer and his
books sell well. 他是一位著名的作家，他的书很________。
2. 有些感官动词的主动形式表示被动意义
常见的有taste, smell, feel, look,
sound等。例如：
The music ________ very beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。
It will ________ better with some milk. 再加些牛奶的话，尝起来将会更好喝。
The boy sitting at the corner looks quite tired.
_______________________________________
Enough sleep is good for health. If you stay up for your favourite
TV programmes, you will ________ sleepy. 足够的睡眠对健康有好处。你如果熬夜看最喜欢的电视节目，将会感到困倦。
3. be worth +
doing和need / require +
形容词worth(意为“值……”)和表示“需要做”的need /
require后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：
This book is so good that it is
worth reading ________. 这本书很好，值得读两遍。
The window needs / requires
r________. 窗户需要修理了。
4. 有些进行时和介词短语结构
有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意；有些介词短语作表语，主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The book is printing. = The book is being printed.
这本书正在________中。
The house is building. = The house is being ________.
这栋房子正在建造中。
The dire was finally under control. 大火最终被________住了。
The question is now under discussion. 这个问题正在被________。
All these ancient ________ are under repairs. 所有这些古庙正在修复中。
5. 其他情况
当nice, easy, hard, difficult,
important, impossible, interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语有时动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这是不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式也表达被动含义。例如：
The physics problem is not difficult to work out.
这个物理问题并不难弄懂。
They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or
think the rules are too strict. 有时候他们会觉得他们有太多的动作要干，或者认为这些规章制度太________。
八、被动形式表主动意义的几种情况
1. 某些“动词+反身代词”结构，被动结构表示主动意义。例如：
She usually dresses herself in white. = She is usually
dressed in white. 她通常穿白色衣服。
The boy seated himself by the bed. = The boy was seated by
the bed. 小男孩坐在床边。
2. 有些不及物动词的过去分词如gone,
come, returned, fallen, retired, graduated等表示主动意义。例如：
Next year I will be graduated. 明年我将要________了。
My parents have already been retired. 我父母已经________了。
Winter is ________ and spring is ________. 冬天走了，春天来了。
九、被动语态与系表结构的区别
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。故“被动结构”与“系表结构”形式相似，但用法不同。
1. 被动语态强调动作，其主语是动作的对象，be动词后的过去分词是行为动词。系表结构说明主语的状态或特征，其中的过去分词用作形容词。例如：
The window was broken by his brother. 窗户被他弟弟打破了。(____________)
The window is now
broken. 窗户现在是破的。(____________)
The work ____________________
already. 我的作业已经完成了。(被动语态)
The shop was closed when
I got there. 我到商店时，商店__________呢。(系表结构)
2. 系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时；而被动语态除了用于这两种时态外，还可以用于将来时、进行时和完成时。例如：
The shop is / was opened. 商店在营业。(系表结构)
______________________________,
the ship was being loaded. 昨天我到达那里时，船正在装货。(被动语态)
You will be shown around
your room. 有人会带你________________________。(被动语态)
He said the library _______
soon __________. 他说图书馆很快将会被建起来。(被动语态)
3. 系表结构中的过去分词可被very,
quite, rather, too, so等副词来修饰，被动语态结构一般不会用这些而用greatly等来修饰。例如：
He is very interested in the story.
他对这个故事很____________。(系表结构)
She is so worried
about the exam. 她非常________她的考试。(系表结构)
was greatly moved by his speech. 我被他的演讲深深________了。(被动语态)
4. be +不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构，如be
gone, be learned, be ashamed，这些动词通常是表示状态、智力活动或心态的词。而be
+及物动词的过去分词通常是被动语态，如be
loved, be encouraged, be praised等。例如：
But if time is gone away, it will never return.
光阴________________。(系表结构)
I ____________ to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to
get up early. 我被告知明天7点前要到那里，所以我必须早起。(被动语态)
5. 被动语态的宾语常由介词by引起；系表结构的介词常常和过去分词形成固定搭配。例如：
The window was broken ________ a stone. 窗户是由一块石头打破的。(被动语态)
We are very satisfied ________ his work.
我们对他的工作很满意。(系表结构)
被动语态自我检测题(40分)
I．用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. Some presents ____________ (buy) by
my sister foe me every birthday.
2. The treasure box ____________
(hide) somewhere in the city 100 years ago.
3. When she did some shopping, her
money ____________ (steal).
4. Li Ming ____________ (ask) to
attend the meeting yesterday.
5. Why ________ Australia ________
(call) “a country on s sheep’s back”?
6. All the books on the shelf
___________________ (can not take) out of the reading
7. There was a sandstorm yesterday and
the ground ____________ (cover) by thick snow.
8. I will go with you when my homework
____________ (finish).
9. More than 1,000 English words
____________________ (learn) in the past three
10. All these books and clothes
____________________ (give) away to the children next
II. 单项选择。
11. &—Some of the plastic bags can’t
________ after July 1st.
—Yes, people will use
environment-friendly bags instead.
use&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
use&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
used&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. are used
12. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ________ to work for the
Olympic Games.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
choosing&&&&&&&&&&&&&
chosen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
choosing&&&&&&&&&
D. was chosen
13. —Mary was heard ________ just
now. What happened?
—Ken was telling a
laugh&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
cry&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
laugh&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
14. Attentions, please! All the mobile phones must ________ before
the meeting starts.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
off&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. be turned
off&&&&&&&&&&
C. be turning
off&&&&&&&&&&
D. turning off
15. A Disneyland Park ________ in our city in the near future. Have
you heard of it?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
builds&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
built&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
build&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. will be built
16. —Have you found your ruler
—Yes. It ________ in my bag two
hours ago.
found&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
found&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C.&& was found
&&&&&&&&&&
D. has been found
17. My story book ________. I can’t lend it to
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. has been
lost&&&&&&&&&&
lost&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
lost&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
18. —There’s too much salt in the
Chinese diet.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
—So there is. The WHO says only
1.5 grams of salt ________ for each man every
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
needs&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
need&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
needed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. has needed
19. Don’t worry. When I leave the room, the door ________ by
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
locked&&&&&&&&&&&&
locked&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. will be
locked&&&&&&&&
D. should be locked
20. Could you please tell me which ________ best among the books on
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
sold&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
written&&&&&&&
sells&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
21. Oh, the milk ________ strange, do you think it’s OK to
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
tasted&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
tastes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
tasting&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
22. Some drinks ________ to children for free in this restaurant on
Children’s Day next month.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
offer&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
offered&&&&&&&&&&&
C. will be offered& D. are
23. —How clean the window
—Yes. It ________ just
cleaned&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. has been
cleaned&&&&
C. will be cleaned D. was cleaned
24. It’s reported the Underground No. 3 ________ in our city in two
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. will be
built&&&&&&&&&&&&
build&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. has been
built&&&&&&&&&
D. has build
25. Few students can understand the sentence until it ________
twice or three times.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
explains&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
explained&&&&&&&&&
C. will be
explained&&&&
D. is explained
26. —Did you hear that water in Qin
River smelt terrible?
—Yes, in fact, it ________.
That’s all because of the people and the factories
polluted&&&&&&&&&&
polluted&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
polluted&&&&&&&&&&&
D. will pollute
27. I’ll show you the photos ________ in Congtai Park after they
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. are come
out&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. come out
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
C. will come
out&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. are come out
28. —Can you tell me whom the radio
________ by?
—Sorry, I’ve no
invents&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
invented&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
invented&&&&&&&&&&
D. will be invented
29. No one knows how the huge rock ________ and ________ without
modern machines eight
hundreds years ago.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A. moved B.
move&&&&&&
moving&&&&&&
30. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should ________ to go to the
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
allow&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
allowing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
allowed&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. be allowing
III. 将下列句子改成被动语态。
31. They should do it at once.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
32. He is likely to let you down.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
33. We built the bridge last year.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
34. She has found her lost handbags.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
35. You may write the letter in pencil.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
36. My uncle showed me his new photo.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
37. People speak English in many countries.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
38. Women often talk about clothes and foods.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
39. Her mother told her not to waste time on
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
40. You must not take these magazines out of the reading
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
_____________________________________________________________________
被动语态自我检测题(40分)
I．用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
bought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
hidden&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
stolen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
4. was asked
called&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
6. can’t be
taken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
covered&&&&&&&&&&&
finished&&
9. have been
learned&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
10. will be given
II. 单项选择。
CDABD&&&&&&&&&
DACCB&&&&&&&&&
BCDAD&&&&&&&&&
26-30. ABCDC
III. 将下列句子改成被动语态。
31. It should be done at once (by them).
32. You are likely to let down (by him).
33. The bridge was built last year (by us).
34. Her lost handbags have been found (by her).
35. The letter may be written in pencil (by you).
36. I was showed my uncle’s new photo (by him).
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
/ My uncle’s new photo was showed to me (by him).
37. English is spoken in many countries (by
38. Clothes and foods are often talked about by
39. She was told not to waste time on fishing (by her
40. These magazines mustn’t be taken out of the reading room (by
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英语被动语态
被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。的语态是通过形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：和被动语态。主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
英语被动语态结构
英语被动语态的构成通常是：“be+done”。但“get+done”也可以构成，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。被例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作。而to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
英语被动语态语法要点
当要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为该句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put在此处是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词。
am\is\are+(p.p)
will\be going to
will be +(p.p)
am\is\are+V.ing
am\is\are+being+(p.p)
①was\were②V.ed
was\were+(p.p)
have\has+V.p.p
have\has+been+(p.p)
过去完成时
had+been+(p.p)
过去进行时
was\were+V.ing
was\were+being+(p.p)
情态动词+V.
情态动词+be+(p.p)
英语被动语态句型概述
①（，一般将来时）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . 例如： Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。
④ 其他以此类推，可得到结果。
⑤的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。
英语被动语态特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须啰嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把变为主语。这样句子自然些。变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、或宾语前有指代主语的时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为（与主句指同一人），，或一个时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了并且亲了他的男朋友）
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
(11) 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
(12) 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等
英语被动语态时态问题
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2.的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3.的被动语态构成：has / have + been +的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4.的被动语态构成：will/shall+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6.的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7.的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
8.过去将来时的被动语态：would /should+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
He said he would finish the work soon.
He said the work would be finished soon by him.
英语被动语态注意事项
1.不及物动词无被动语态。
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如: write, break, selld等。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3.或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 感官动词有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役动词有let,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notise,look,listen.
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，(物)作主语，那么动词后要用，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5.一些用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或。
We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
6.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have, belong to等。
英语被动语态变换规则
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
英语被动语态新兴形式
Get+过去分词也可以构成，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
著名学者教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式；相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于和非正式；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。
．百度百科[引用日期]
．中国知网．[引用日期]
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