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2017高考英语阅读理解
A组 年各省市高考题（改编）Passage 5 (2015? 新课标全国Ⅱ) Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places－ and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue. Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass. 1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about________. A．their home comforts B．their body shapeC．house buying 2．A home environment in blue can help people________. A．digest food better B．reduce food intake D．healthy dietsC．burn more calories D．regain their appetites 3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A．Eat quickly.B．Play fast music.C．Use smaller spoons.D．Turn down the lights.★4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner1C．Effects of SelfConsciousness Passage 6 (2015? 安徽)D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up. Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard. Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.” Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success. 1．Helene tied several chopsticks together to show________. A．the strength of family unity C．the advantage of chopsticks B．the difficulty of growing up D．the best way of giving a lesson2．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family________________. A．started a business in 1975 B．left Vietnam without much moneyC．bought a restaurant in San Francisco D．opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles 3．What can we infer about the An daughters? A．They did not finish their college education. B．They could not bear to work in the family business. C．They were influenced by what Helene taught them. D．They were troubled by disagreement among family members.★4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?2A．How to Run a CorporationB．Strength Comes from PeaceC．How to Achieve a Big Dream D．Family Unity Builds Success Passage 7 (2015? 安徽) As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)” According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger
that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.★1.The passage begins with two questions to________. B．show the author's altitude D．explain how to store informationA．introduce the main topic C．describe how to use the Internet.2．What can we learn about the first experiment? A．The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. C．The first group did not try to remember the information. D．The second group did not understand the information. 3．In transactive memory, people________. A．keep the information in mind B．change the quantity of informationC．organize information like a computerD．remember how to find the information 4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?3A．We are using memory differently.B．We are becoming more intelligent.C．We have poorer memories than before.D．We need a better way to access information. Passage 8 (2015? 四川) No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock?n?roll.Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say. “Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said. People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away. The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板)．Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand. Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths. However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ?Why don't they just try rolling the things？? ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”． So he tried it. He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground. They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path. West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths. 1．It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________. A．rolling them on roads B．pushing them over the sandC．sliding them on smooth paths D．dragging them on some poles 2．The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means________. A．made the paths wet B．made the paths hard4C．made the paths wideD．made the paths slippery 3．What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to? A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels. C．Rolling poles to move the blocks. D．Rolling the blocks with fat.4．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West? A．Because more force is needed for sliding. B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle. C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous. D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.★5.What is the text mainly about?A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site. B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site. C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site. D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site. Passage 9 (2015? 天津) Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo. While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user. The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general
it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.51．How are social robots different from household robots? A．They can control their emotions. B．They are more like humans. C．They do the normal housework. D．They respond to users more slowly. 2．What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3? A．Communicate with you and perform operations. B．Answer your questions and make requests. C．Take your family pictures and deliver milk. D．Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 3．What can Oshbot work as? A．A language teacher. B．A tour guide.C．A shop assistant. D．A private nurse.4．We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ________. A．train employees B．be our workmatesC．improve technologies D．take the place of workers★5.What does the passage mainly present?A．A new design idea of household robots.B．Marketing strategies for social robots. C．Information on household robots. Passage 10 (2015? 陕西) The production of coffee beans is a huge ， profitable business ， but ， unfortunately ， fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance. On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition ， new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally ， and eventually the world's groundwater. Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also D．An introduction to social robots.6leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 1．What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B．It leads to air pollution and global warming. C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. D．It improves local soil conditions.★2.The purpose of the text is to________.A．entertain B．advertise C．instruct D．persuade 3．Where does this text probably come from? A．An agricultural magazine.B．A medical journal. C．An engineering textbook.★D．A tourist guide.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?Passage 11 (2014? 山东) Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired ， along with her sister ， by John Ashley ， a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.” For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious，she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom. While serving the Ashleys ， Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually ， Mumbet won her freedom―the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.7Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔)．One of her greatgrandchildren was W ． E.B.Du Bois ， one of the founders of the NAACP ，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” 1．What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1? A．She was born a slave. C．She had a famous sister. B．She was a slaveholder. D．She was born into a rich family.2．Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys? A．She found an employer.B．She wanted to be a lawyer. C．She was hit and got angry. D．She had to take care of her sister.3．What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution? A．She should always obey her owners' orders. B．She should be as free and equal as whites.C．How to be a good servant. D．How to apply for a job. 4．What did Mumbet do after the trial? A．She chose to work for a lawyer. C．She continued to serve the Ashleys.★B．She founded the NAACP. D．She went to live with her grandchildren.5.What is the text mainly about?A．A story of a famous writer and spokesperson. B．The friendship between a lawyer and a slave. C．The life of a brave African American woman. D．A trial that shocked the whole world. Passage 12 (2014? 重庆) I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place，but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away！Why under my bed！”Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.8The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers， sobbing.Obviously，that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching，her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then，she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me，“Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree，but we learned the key to living together：giving in，cleaning up and holding on. 1．What made Kate so angry one evening? A．She couldn't find her books.B．She heard the author shouting loud. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed. 2．The author tidied up the room most probably because ________. A．she was scared by Kate's anger B．she hated herself for being so messy C．she wanted to show her care D．she was asked by Kate to do so3．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. C．By describing a process.★B．By showing differences. D．By following time order.4.What might be the best title for the story? B ．Hard Work Pays OffA．My Friend KateC．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates Passage 13 (2014? 重庆) There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths： I'll never lose weight―I come from a fat family Wrong！While we can't change the body type we are born with，we can't blame our genes for making us fat.There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little. I am fat because I burn calories slowly9Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢)．In fact，although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！ Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately. Exercise is boring Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge. No pain，no gain Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you something's wrong ， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't，rest and seek medical advice. 1．What does the author think about being fat? A．It is the family genes that make people fat.B．People are fat because they consume too little energy. C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat. D．It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle. 2．According to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting? A．By taking varied exercise. B．By choosing simple exercise.C．By doing regular exercise. D．By sticking to outdoor exercise. 3．What is the author's opinion about“No pain，no gain”in exercising? A．Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience. B．Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt. C．Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal. D．Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.★4.What is the purpose of the passage?A．To declare the importance of keeping fit. B．To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise. C．To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit. D．To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise. Passage 14 (2014? 广东)10Samuel Osmond is a 19yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago ， he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him. Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly， his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music. Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me―I hear the notes and can bear them in mind―each and every note，”says Samuel. Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory―I guess I have that gift.” However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word. Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now， he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies. 1．What is special about Samuel Osmond? A．He has a gift for writing music.B．He can write down the note he hears. C．He is a top student at the law school.D．He can play the musical piece he hears. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents. B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician. C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability. D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers. 3．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ________. A．received a good early education in music B．played the guitar and the piano perfectly C．could play the piano without reading musicD．could play the guitar better than his father114．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4? A．He became famous during a special event at his college. B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately. C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists. D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.★5.Which of the following is the best title of this passage? B．The Story of a Musical TalentA．The Qualities of a MusicianC．The Importance of Early Education D．The Relationship between Memory and MusicPassage 15(2014? 湖北)London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better. The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖 顶)．He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames. The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a fivestar hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants， apartments and offices. Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city. Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.12The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city. 1．London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________. A．its cost B．its size C．its shape D．its height2．When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to _____________. A．change London's skyline C．imitate the Egyptian style B．inherit London's tradition D．attract potential visitors3．The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________. A．is only preferred by the rich B．is intended for wealthy people C．is far away from the poor areaD．is popular only with Londoners★4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A．The Shard：Cheers and Claps B．The Shard：Work of a Great Architect C．The Shard：New Symbol of London?D．The Shard：A Change for the Better? Passage 16 (2014? 浙江)Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe，be on time.Meals can stretch for hours―there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social， preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small， polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency(效率) is the goal，so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE，status is important，so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So do not pull away from the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their13homes，but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers you coffee， you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) is vital， something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.★1.The passage is mainly about ________. B．the workplace atmosphereA．communication typesC．customs and social manners D．living conditions and standards 2．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A．They put efficiency in the first place. B．They dislike facetoface communication. C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 3．In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A．When greeting seniors. B．When meeting the host alone. C．When attending a presentation. D．When dining with business partners.4．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A．In Brazil. B．In Singapore. C．In the United Arab Emirates. D．In Switzerland. Passage 17 (2014? 辽宁)Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest， Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact，the_opposite_is_true：trees survive through their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”. Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks， making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed，it affects all.14Simard talks about“mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didn't take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 1．The underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________. A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealthC．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees 2．“Mother trees”are extremely important because they ________.A．look the largest in size in the forestB．pass on nutrition to young trees C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans D．know more about the complex“tree societies” 3．The underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to A．how“tree societies”work B．how trees grow old C．how forestry industry develops D．how young trees survive★________.4.What would be the best title for the passage? B．Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionA．Old Trees Communicate Like HumansC．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D．Trees Contribute To Our Society Passage 18 (2014? 江西)Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingertips. With existing medical knowledge and skills，twothirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC8 aircraft， there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.15ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programs.ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people； $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. 1．The first paragraph is intended to ________. A．introduce a new way of reading B．advise the public to lead a simple life C．direct the public's attention to the blind D．encourage the public to use imagination 2．What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world? A．They are adequate. B．They have not been updated. C．They are not equally distributed. D．They have benefited most of the blind. 3．ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________. A．teaching medical students B．training doctors and nursesC．running flying hospitals globally D．setting up nonprofit organizations 4．What does the author try to do in the last paragragh? A．Appeal for donations. B．Make an advertisement.C．Promote training programs. D．Show sympathy for the blind.★5.What can be the best title for the passage? B．Fighting Blindness D．Sightsaving TechniquesA．ORBIS in ChinaC．ORBIS Flying Hospital Passage 19 (2014? 四川)A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy，nine，restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.16However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead. Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived. Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” “She's a little star，”said Debbie，“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can't believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.” Truck driver Colm,35，suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital，but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled，preventing him from breathing，his blood pressure dropped suddenly，and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full recovery from his suffering. 1．Izzy kicked her father in the chest ________. A．to express her helplessness B．to practise CPR on him C．to keep him awake D．to restart his heart 2．What's the right order of the events? ①Izzy kicked Colm②Debbie called 999③Izzy learned CPR④Colm's heart stopped. A．③①②④ B．④②③① C．③④②① 3．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about? A．What Colm suffered. B．Colm's present condition. D．Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction. D．④③①②C．What caused Colm's allergy.★4.Why does the author write the news?A．To describe a serious accident. B．To prove the importance of CPR. C．To report a 9yearold girl's brave act.D．To call people's attention to allergic reaction. Passage 20 (2014? 陕西) Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight，while the French，who consume rich food，continue to stay thin？Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However，Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.17According to Dr.Joseph Mercola，a health expert，the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table，while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French，instead，tend to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits， vegetables，and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano，author of French Women Don't Get Fat，decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences， evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesityor extreme overweightamong adults is only 6%.However ， as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions，the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%－and is growing. 1．In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph Mercola? A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. 2．This text is mainly about the relationship between ________. A．Americans and the French C．children and adults★B．lifestyle and obesityD．fast food and overweight3.The text is mainly developed ________. B．by spaceC．by process D．by classificationA．by contrast4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV interview. B．A food advertisement. C．A health report. D．A book review. 考点二 细节理解题 You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams() Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating18shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson() If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930－present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952， she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and，in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks() On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，”said Parks.★1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history? B．Her lack of proper training in law.A．Her social work.C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 2．What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions.★3.Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the US? D．Rosa Parks.A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O’Connor. 4．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace－lovers. Passage 2 (2016? 全国Ⅱ) What’s On? Electric__Underground 7．30 pm.―1.00 am. Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30 pm. by Jules Skye, a successful19record producer.He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee__Whizz 8．30 pm.―10.30 pm. Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.He’s the funniest stand－up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00 pm. for drinks and snacks(快餐)． Simon’s__Workshop 5．00 pm.―7.30 pm. Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte__Stone 8．00 pm.―11.00 pm. Pizza World Fine food with
this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best－selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食)．Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.★1.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? D．James Pickering.A．Jules Skye. B．Gee Whizz.C．Charlotte Stone.★2.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? B．Kaleidoscope D．Pizza WorldA．The Cyclops Theatre C．Victoria Stage★3.What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A．It requires membership status. B．It lasts three hours each time. C．It is run by a comedy club. D．It is held every Wednesday.★4.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? B．7.30 pm.―1.00 am. D．8.30 pm.―10.30 pm.A．5.00 pm.―7.30 pm. C．8.00 pm.―11.00 pm. Passage 3 (2016? 全国Ⅱ)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley ’ s pictures would be outstanding―undoubtedly first － rate photo － journalism―if they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难 ), by a cameraman who had no reasonable20expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian － built three － master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well－researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a onetime British merchant－navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.★1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A．They were made last week. B．They showed undersea sceneries. C．They were found by a cameraman. D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.★2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton.C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.★3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? B．Scientific research.C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.A．Artistic creation.Passage 4 (2016? 全国Ⅲ) 话题：乐队广告 词数：184 Opera at Music Hall ： 1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August ， with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone：241－2742.http：//www.cityopera.com. Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723－1182 for more information.http： www.chamberoch.com. Symphony Orchestra ： At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales, call 381 － 3300.Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend.http： //www.symphony.org/home.asp.21College Conservatory of Music (CCM)：Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well－known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.Students with I．D.card can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556－4183.http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kellogg Ave.Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (piece difference)．Big name shows all summer long! Phone：232－6220.http： ///www.riverbendmusic.com.★1.Which number should you call if you want to see opera? B．723－1182.C．381－3300. D．232－6220.A．241－2742.★2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? B May.C August. D November.A．February.★3.Where can students go for free performances with their ID cards?A ． Music Hall.B ． Memorial Hall.C ． Patricia Cobbett Theater.D ． Riverbend Music Theater.★4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?A．It has seats in the open air. B．It gives shows all year round. C．It offers membership discounts. D．It presents famous musical works. Passage 5 (2015? 新课标全国Ⅰ) 话题：艺术展 词数：221 Salvador Dali () was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper， objects ， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：22amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. 1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional.2．What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A．One of his masterworks.B．A successful screen adaptation. C．An artistic creation for the stage. D．One of the best TV programmes.★3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? B． By importance.A．By popularity.C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject. 4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents.Passage 6 (2015? 新课标全国Ⅱ) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn't got any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work， and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble. 1．Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?23A．He got an older model than he had expected.B．He couldn't return it when it was broken. C．He could have bought it at a lower price.D．He failed to find any movie shows on it. 2．Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1? A．ended all their programs C．changed to commercials★B．provided fewer channels D．showed allnight movies3.How did the author finally get his TV set working again? B．By turning it on and off.A．By shaking and hitting it.C．By switching channels. D．By having it repaired. 4. How does the author sound when telling the story? A．Curious. B．Anxious.C．Cautious. D．Humorous.Passage 7 (2015? 新课标全国Ⅱ) More students than ever before are taking a gapyear (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap?year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)． That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a wellplanned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said. But not everyone is happy.Owain James ， the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship－young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.★1. What do we learn about the gap year from the text? B．It is a time for relaxation. D．It is required by universities.A．It is flexible in length. C．It is increasingly popular.2. According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year________. A．are better prepared for college studiesB．know a lot more about their future jobs C．are more likely to leave university in debtD．have a better chance to enter top universities243. How does Owain James feel about the gapyear phenomenon? A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.4. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A．Attend additional courses. B．Make plans for the new term. C．Earn money for their education. D．Prepare for their graduate studies. Passage 8 (2015? 安徽) 话题：食物与文化 词数：298 Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat―and when and how we eat them―are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.★1.According to the passage, sharing bread________. B．can help to develop unityA．indicates a lack of foodC．is a custom unique to rural areas D．has its roots in birthday celebrations★2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? B．Success.C．Health. D．Togetherness.A．Trust.3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________. A．using examples B．making comparisons C．analyzing causes D．describing processes254．What is the passage mainly about? A．The custom of sharing food. C．The role of food in ceremonies. Passage 9 (2015? 湖北) “I see you've got a bit of water on your coat，” said the man at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there ？ ”“No ， it's pretty nice ， ” I replied ， checking my sleeve.“Oh ， right.A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.” As it happened，the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor，and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a touristheavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies， tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car，and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移)． The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked，the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother's milk，and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area.Some of them are also later sold，in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. Three weeks ago ， I witnessed a small neardisaster a few miles west of here.While walking，I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello！” I said to him，assuming he was just rolling for fun，but he was very still and，as I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately，I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him，and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies，who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies，and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor's most financiallytroubled elements.★B．The specific meaning of food. D．The importance of food in culture.1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A．To protect the tourists from being bitten.B．To keep the ponies off the petrol station. C．To avoid putting the ponies in danger. D．To prevent the ponies from fighting.★2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is _____________________________.A．to feed baby ponies on milk B．to control the number of ponies26C．to expand the habitat for poniesD．to sell the ponies at a good price 3．What was the author's first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back? A．He freed it from the trap.B．He called a protection officer. C．He worried about it very much. D．He thought of it as being naughty. 4．What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies? A．It lacks people's involvement. B．It costs a large amount of money. C．It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D．It has caused an imbalance of species. Passage 10 (2015? 四川) Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers，But，according to a new study， we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now， the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as$172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income $30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. By analysing the numbers，it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18，it found that，on most days，mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm. To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour，it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on，including housekeeper，parttime lawyer，personal trainer and entertainer.Being a parttime lawyer，at $48.98 an hour，would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”，with psychologist(心理学家)a close second. It also asked mothers about the challenges they face，with 80 percent making emotional(情 感的) demand as the hardest thing about motherhood. Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends. The study shows mothers matter a