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旅游网站的设计与实现外文翻译
毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题 目西安中旅旅游网站的设计与实现 信息系统分析与设计专 班 学 学业 级 号 生信息管理与信息系统 信管 112
高 金指导教师王 小 江2015年Current situation of e-commerce of travel agency1.Foreign travel e-commerce development trend EMARKET report based on the latest data, online travel sales in the United States in 2006 has risen sharply and more than 78.8 billion U.S. dollars, and hopes to continue to grow by 16.6 percent compound annual growth rate in 2010 reached 145.8 billion U.S. dollars. This strong growth figures and the phenomenon is not confined in the United States. European online travel industry in 2005 grew 49%, and there is hope to continue to grow until 2009. Abroad can be seen online is the outbreak of the tourism industry, and this is accompanied by the outbreak of new products and services support. Check their flight, hotels, cheap airline tickets and package deals to support tourism-related RSS, podcasts, blog and community, groups, websites and online travel booking flights and hotels is that these travel sites provide the main function. ALEXA based data, EXPEDIA is the world's first travel Web site, it ranked 409 of the flow, followed by TRIPADVISOR, ranked 504. Other top tourist site in front of the YAHOO! TRAVEL, TRAVELOCITY, OTBITZ, and KAYAK. All of these sites have high quality content (maps, reservation services, reviews, etc.) and information before and after the relationship. The web site also contains some of which are vertical search and comparison tools. EXPEDIA in 2006 was 2.2 billion U.S. dollars of income. Keep pace with the blog community, a number of tourism revealed the same blog. Based on FPRRESTER RESEARCH, peer review and the blog in the tourism program has an enormous impact, for network users, and this is an obvious fact, 33% of leisure travelers to change their hotel based on their blog or other tourist related community website to read the content. TRIPADVISOR has the world's largest travel community, more than 5,000,000 messages. ALEXA data in accordance with, VIRTUAL TOURIST travel blog is one of the most important, there are over 800,000 registered users across more than 220 countries and regions, 30 million monthly page views and 5 million unique visitors, covering two million tourist destination,which is equivalent to 4 times of travel guide, such as FROMMERS.COM and FODORS.COM, and 2 times the CONCIERGE.COM. Today, a number of online travel industry to prove the emergence of small-market sites, such as FARECAST.COM and FARECOMPARE.COM, these sites so that users can compare prices, flights and decided the best time to book air-tickets. GUSTO.COM, a travel-related social networking site allows users to share their travel routes and travel information. KAYAK and SIDESTEP, providing vertical search services to look forward to promote the flow of tourism-related sites. TRAVELERVIDEOS.COM allows users to upload and share their tourism-related photographs and images, as well as write their own blog. These valuable services to the market-driven changes in the rules of the game, through the growing distinction between their own in a highly competitive market and commercialization. 2. China Travel Service, the development trend of e-commerce (1) e-commerce impact on the traditional supply chain: Recently, a survey of tourism trends in search engine reports that tourism products as a new model of online distribution, with high efficiency and high-quality advantages, become a convergence of the end consumer and the demand for t as travel search engine will reduce the network of tourism enterprises the gap between the competition. Travel search engine exists as a separate format, and has given rise to the entire online travel industry, quietly changing. Represented by a search engine, new e-business model is on all aspects of tourism impact and penetrate into the traditional supply chain. In traditional supply chains have emerged in the tourism professional search engine marketing platform for the network, the network of wholesalers, B2C network distribution, direct marketing and other travel suppliers at different levels of the value of even the business model.One for tourists, tourism, professional search engine is the most common functions of the price ticket and hotel search, you can for a flight to a different hotel from the list of price comparison site, to achieve user-centric, high-efficiency aggregation of information. One supplier for a number of companies to develop a &revenue management system&, by the mathematical model of intelligent help travel suppliers in a large number of online and traditional distribution channels to develop between the best price and best availability for distribution, with a view to maximize the realization of benefit. Some local Chinese GDS, B2B2C Union Web site and book are also eager to try to develop into a pool of hundreds of thousands of tourism products of the wholesale platform, through travel agents, travel agents for small and medium-sized retail, win-win collaboration. Direct sales platform for the emerging tourism have begun to debut to the scenic spots, travel agencies, hotels and other tourist services rental &online store& and the provision of the network (or cross-media) marketing services, charge an annual fee of relatively fixed rent. In short, China's network in 2006 showing a diversity of tourism trends in the intermediary, each have an innovative attempt to change the travel value chain, a link, forming a network of direct sales, network brokers and intermediaries online multi-level complex. (2) the long tail of tourism products GOOGEL and in the main search engine Baidu, the online news and online products and phase out outdated rate of speed than before to after a lot of slow. As the search engines measure the relevance of their main targets is to import。Retail sales of the travel agencyThe travel agency network Booking platform of business travel Network of social tourismPicture 1.1：the long tail of tourism products But it must be noted that these personalized products often rely on tourism to a community to bring together a network of their effective market demand. Large-scale tourism and e-commerce platform as a result of breaking the shackles of geographical space, bringing together a large number of travel suppliers and distribution channels, so that they can easily produce such products. And the emergence of WEB 2.0, and can make travel site based on user habits and preferences, web browsing time, and before the record is scheduled to give consumers the products of personal interests and hobbies, and guide consumers to the consumer, and ultimately the original fuzzy prices brought about by the only factor. This allows small and medium-sized travel agencies has been the survival of e-commerce space. (3) not just the Internet Wave of information technology in recent years, the global system for mobile communications has been the rapid development of business. In China, to China Mobile and China Unicom, as represented by the two mobile operators have established a huge network of mobile communications and network in the opening of the voice communications business, as well as SMS data services. And mobile phones - mobile phones, its portable, smart, timely features such as contact also is increasingly being accepted by ordinary people. Last month, the Ministry of Information Industry statistics show that by the end of July 2007, the national number of mobile phone users over 508 million. April 25 this year for the Minister ofInformation Industry Xi Guohua, China Mobile Communication Industry in China Forum that the development of our country the third generation mobile communication conditions are ripe, 3G era is coming. 3G is the abbreviation for English 3rdGeneration that third-generation mobile communication technologies. A relatively standard first-generation analogue phones (1G) and second-generation GSM, TDMA digital mobile phones (2G), third-generation mobile phones generally, refers to wireless communications and multimedia communications, such as the Internet combined with the next-generation mobile communication systems. It can handle images, music, video streaming and other forms of media, including web browsing, conference calls, e-commerce and other information services. CCID subsequent survey data show that more than 77% of mobile phone users will be clear that the purchase of 3G mobile phones, while 17% of users said that possible future purchase. This shows that the consumer mobile TV, video telephony, high-speed Internet access, music download, multimedia transmission, such as 3G wireless location business showed strong concern. Mobile E-commerce will become a new starting point, combined with intelligent network technology, truly people-centered tourism e-business applications. The future of tourism the most important mobile e-commerce technologies include: mobile payment - customers no matter when and where, through mobile phones and other terminals will be able to complete its business or the security of p short message service - in order to cost-effective way of exchange of information, anytime, anywhere to customers, travel intermediaries and travel services company linked to the outcome of reservations, flight delays and other information can be kept
location-based services - that is the specialized the flow of tourists for the services: personal data prior to the importation of mobile phone or PDA, then I at a certain point, it will tell me, where there is a cinema nearby, will be shown what the film is what I may be of interest, Where have my favorite book, where I like to eat vegetables, I will know that the airport will be delayed, if late, then the next is a few points,it will not bring the plane in Paris, was sent to me by Timetable , but only to Beijing's timetable to me. As the WEB 2.0 is the use of a new, as long as the users found in the peripheral him no matter what the landscape and the things of interest, users can shoot through the phone, he saw the timely dissemination of the network. All these are brought about by the mobility, and fixed Internet services are impossible. Application of these technologies will enable the tourism e-commerce service functions better, more universal applications. It can be seen that a lot of travel applications will be ported to mobile services soon. In the face of such a large mobile market, travel agencies on how to intervene, how to cooperate with the mobile operators to look for new business growth and work together to create new markets, is worthy of travel agencies and mobile operators a common thought. 3.China’s Tourism E-commerce Strategies to deal with international competition In today's online travel services, the momentum of rapid development, the network carriers as an online service developed rapidly, China's tourist e-commerce is in this context, generate and develop. China's Tourism e-commerce will rely on traditional industries and professional entities, backed by Industry and the Development of e-commerce, on the basis of information technology to increase the use of the relationship between the management level, to achieve added value. China's Tourism industry is now fully open, we look at developed countries, especially the United States travel e-commerce Business model and modus operandi, in which we can conclude that some should learn from the successful experiences of the establishment of tourist resources such as databases, tourism enterprises and tourism websites alliance the implementation of customization services to enhance the travel site visits, the implementation of e-tickets and so on. With modern technology and information industries, the rise of the Internet has brought new opportunities for the tourism industry, the network's interactive, real-time, rich and convenience advantages to promote the rapid integration into the network of traditional tourism, the wave of tourism. Well-known American CRG-Research the company said the globale-commerce sales in 2005 rose to 620 billion U.S. dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 40%, including tourism, e-commerce sales exceeded 65 billion U.S. dollars, there are around 30 million tourist Internet companies to carry out on-line travel services, the global travel site enjoyed the number of people over 200 million passengers, according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO) is expected within five years, the global travel e-commerce will account for 25% of all travel transactions. In the next 4 to 5 years, tourism and e-commerce accounted for the proportion of e-commerce will reach 20% ~ 25%.旅行社的现状分析一、 国外的旅行社电子商务发展趋势 依据最新的 EMARKET 报告数据， 在线旅游销售在美国于 2006 年急速上升超过 788 亿美元，并且有希望继续增长达 16.6%的年复合增长率，在 2010 年达到 1458 亿美元。这 种强劲的增长数字和现象并不局限在美国。欧洲在 2005 年在线旅游业增长 49%，并且有 希望继续增长直到 2009 年。 可见在国外在线旅游业正在爆发，并且这种爆发是伴随着新产品和新服务的支持。 查询航班、宾馆、廉价的机票和打包交易，旅游相关 RSS 支持，播客、博客和社区，团 体旅游网站和在线预订航班和酒店是这些旅游网站提供的主要功能。 依据 ALEXA 的数据，EXPEDIA 是全球第一的旅游网站，它的流量排名为 409，接 下去是 TRIPADVISOR，排名 504。其他排名在前面的旅游网站是 YAHOO！TRAVEL， TRAVELOCITY，OTBITZ 和 KAYAK。所有的这些网站都有着极高的内容质量（地图， 预订服务，评论，等等）和前后关系的资讯。其中一些网站同时还有垂直搜索和比较工 具。EXPEDIA 在 2006 年获得了 22 亿美元的收入。 与博客社区保持步调， 一些旅游博客同样显露出来。 依据 FPRRESTER RESEARCH， 同行评议和博客在旅游计划方面有着巨大的影响，对于网络使用者来说，并且这是明显 的事实， 33%的休闲旅游者改变他们的宾馆基于他们在博客上或其他旅游相关社区网站上 阅读到的内容。 TRIPADVISOR 有着全球最大的旅游社区，超过 500 万的邮件。根据 ALEXA 的数 据，VIRTUAL TOURIST 是旅游博客的最主要的一个，有超过 800000 注册用户，跨越超 过 220 个国家和地域，每个月 30 百万页的观点和 500 万唯一的访问者，覆盖了 200 万的 旅游目的地，相当于旅游指南的 4 次，如 FROMMERS.COM 和 FODORS.COM 和 2 倍的 CONCIERGE.COM。 今 天 在 线 旅 游 业 证 明 了 一 些 小 市 场 网 站 的 出 现 ， 如 FARECAST.COM 和 FARECOMPARE.COM， 这些网站使使用者可以比较价格， 航班和决定在最佳的时机预订机票。GUSTO.COM，一个旅游相关社交网站允许使用者分享他们的旅游路线和旅行信 息。KAYAK 和 SIDESTEP，提供垂直搜索服务，期待推进旅游相关网站的流量。 TRAVELERVIDEOS.COM 允许使用者上传并分享他们的旅游相关照片和影象，以及 写他们自己的博客。这些有价值的市场推动服务改变了游戏的规则，通过日益区分他们 自己在一个高度竞争和商品化的市场。 二、 中国旅行社电子商务的发展趋势 (1)电子商务影响传统供应链 最近，一份调查趋势报告称旅游搜索引擎作为旅游产品的在线分销新模式，以高效 率和高品质的优势，成为衔接终端消费者与旅游供应商的需求的途径；作为代表，各种 新的电子商务模式正在各个环节上影响和渗透到旅游传统供应链中。在传统的供应链中 出现了旅游专业搜索引擎、网络直销平台、网络批发商、B2C 网络分销、旅游供应商直 销等位于价值连不同层次的商业模式。 针对旅游者，旅游专业搜索引擎最常见的功能是机票和酒店的比价搜索，可以针对 某一个航班、某一个酒店列出来自不同网站的价格比较，实现以用户为中心的、高效率 的信息聚合。 针对供应商，一些企业开发的“收益管理系统” ，通过智能化的数学模型，帮助旅游 供应商在众多的在线和传统分销渠道之间制定最佳房价和最佳空房分配方案，以其实现 受益最大化。 而中国一些本土的 GDS、 B2B2C 网站和预订联盟也在跃跃欲试， 试图发展成为汇集 千千万万旅游产品的批发平台，再通过旅行社、中小旅游代理商进行零售，协作多赢。 新兴的旅游直销平台也开始登场， 向景区、 旅行社、 饭店和其他旅游服务上出租 “网 上店面” ，并提供网络（或跨媒体）营销服务，收取相对固定的年费租金。 总之，2006 年我国网络旅游中介呈现出多元化趋势，每一种创新都试图改变旅游价 值链中的一个环节，形成了网络直销、网络中间商和网上多层次中介的复杂局面。 (2)旅游产品的长尾以 GOOGEL 和百度为主的搜索引擎，使得网上新闻和网上产品的过时速度和淘汰 率要比从前要缓慢之后很多。由于搜索引擎衡量相关性的主要指标是导入连接点击率而 不是时间的新旧，所以当人们输入一个关键词时通常得到的是点击率最高的网页而不是 最新的网页。而由于旧的网页有更多的时间去吸纳连接，使得他们很多时候比新的网页 更容易排列在次序的前端。网上产品也是这样，在搜索引擎的引导作用下，一个于 2004 年生产，目前早已停产的过时手机，在 2007 年 8 月成为淘宝网手机销售量排行冠军，网 上产品的过时速度被 GOOGEL 和百度这样的时光机器大大减缓。 而同时，互联网的兴起，使得沟通更为便捷，又促使旅游产品的设计、推广、产生 大大加快，综合作用下，使我们面对的是一个丰饶的社会。我们有足够的设计制作空间、 足够的流通渠道，足够丰富的产品和充足的选择。 旅游产品的丰富多样，销售渠道的灵活和多层次，使得面向个性需求的小众化旅游 产品有了存在和发展的空间，这些变化一方面可以说是旅游消费者的不同消费层次和消 费需求所引导，另一方面也可以说是我们旅游销售渠道在看到大量产品被重复的基础上， 有了足够的时间和空隙来思考和操作。可以说，互联网作为信息媒介起到了非常重要的 作用。 最近的备受关注的长尾理论说明了互联网与产品个性化之间的关系。长尾理论总结 起来就是两句话：1.提供所有的产品；2.帮我找到它。在旅游产品的消费体系中，大众化 的产品仍然继续热销， 而小众化的通过互联网和 WEB 2.0 也可以很快找到适合的消费群。 中国社会科学院博士研究生巫宁就画出了旅游产品的 “长尾” 。 如果把旅游市场上的 所有旅游产品按照销售量从大到小排列的话，就会看到一条曲线，许多有特色的旅游产 品，其需求量是很有限的，就构成了曲线长长的尾部。如下图所示。门市销售的旅行社网络化的旅行社商业旅游预订平台网络社会的旅游图 1.1 互联网“长尾”促进旅游产品个性化 但是必须指出的是，这些个性化的旅游产品往往依赖于某一个网络社区去汇集他们 的有效市场需求。而大型的旅游电子商务平台由于突破了地域空间的束缚，汇集大量的 旅游供应商和销售渠道，使他们很容易生产出这样的产品。而 WEB 2.0 的兴起，又使得 旅游网站可以根据用户的习惯和偏好，网页浏览的时间，与之前预定的纪录，给出符合 消费者个人兴趣爱好的产品建议，引导消费者进行消费，最终模糊原先价格所带来的唯 一影响因素。这使得中小旅行社的电子商务得到了生存的空间。 (3)不仅仅是互联网 在信息化浪潮中，近几年内，全球移动通信业务得到迅猛发展。在中国，以中国移 动和中国联通为代表的两家移动运营商建立了庞大的移动通信网络，并且在该网络中开 通了语音通信业务、短信业务以及各种数据业务。而移动电话――手机，因其携带方便、 灵巧、 联络及时等特点也正日益被普通百姓所接受。 信息产业部上月的统计显示， 到 2007 年 7 月底， 全国手机用户数超过 5.08 亿户。 今年 4 月 25 日为我国信息产业部部长奚国华 在中国移动通信产业高峰论坛上表示，我们国家发展第三代移动通信的条件已经基本成 熟， 3G 时代即将到来。 3G 是英文 3rdGeneration 的缩写，指第三代移动通信技术。相对第一代模拟制式手 机（1G）和第二代 GSM、TDMA 等数字手机（2G） ，第三代手机一般地讲，是指将无线 通信与国际互联网等多媒体通信结合的新一代移动通信系统。它能够处理图像、音乐、 视频流等多种媒体形式，提供包括网页浏览、电话会议、电子商务等多种信息服务。赛 迪数据随后所做的调查显示，超过 77%的手机用户明确表示将购买 3G 手机，同时 17% 的用户表示未来可能购买。由此可见，消费者对手机电视、可视电话、高速上网、音乐 下载、多媒体传输、无线定位等 3G 业务表现出强烈关注。 移动电子商务将成为一个新的切入点，结合智能网络技术，真正实现以人为中心的 旅游电子商务应用。未来对旅游业最重要的移动电子商务技术包括：移动支付 ――顾客无论在何时何地，通过移动电话等终端就能完成对企业或对个人的安全的资金支付；短 信息服务――以低成本高效率的信息交流方式，随时随地把顾客、旅游中间商和旅游服 务企业联系在一起，预订的结果、航班的延迟等信息皆可随时通知旅游者；基于位置的 服务――这是专门针对流动的旅游者的服务：事先将个人的数据输入移动电话或 PDA， 那么我位于某一个点上的时候，它会告诉我，附近哪里有电影院，将放映什么电影是我 可能感兴趣的，哪里有我喜欢的书，哪里有我喜欢吃的菜，我会知道去机场会不会晚点， 如果已经晚了，那么下一班是几点，它不会把巴黎的飞机时刻表发给我，而是只把北京 的时刻表给我。 而作为 WEB 2.0 的另一个新运用就是，只要用户在周边发现了无论什么让他感兴趣 的景致和事物，用户都可以通过手机拍摄，把他所看到的及时传播到网络上。这些完全 是由移动性带来的，而固定的 Internet 服务却不可能做到。这些技术的应用将使旅游电子 商务服务功能更加完善，应用更加普及。 由此可见， 很多旅游应用将能被很快移植到移动服务。 而面对如此庞大的移动市场， 旅行社如何介入，如何与移动运营商合作，找寻新的业务增长点，共同创造新的市场， 是值得旅行社和移动运营商共同思考的问题。 三、我国旅游电子商务对国际竞争的策略分析 在当今旅游在线服务迅猛发展的势头下，网络作为在线服务的载体迅速发展起来， 我国旅游电子商务就是在这种背景下产生并发展的。我国旅游电子商务将依托传统行业 实体和专业产业资源后盾发展电子商务，在信息化基础上提高对使用关系的管理水平， 实现价值增值。我国的旅游业现已全面开放，综观发达国家尤其是美国旅游电子商务的 经营模式和运作方式，我们从中可以总结出一些值得借鉴的成功经验，如建立旅游资源 数据库，旅游企业和旅游网站结盟，实行个性化定制服务，提高旅游网站访问量，推行 电子机票等。 随着现代科技和信息产业的发展，互联网的兴起给旅游业带来了新的契机，网络的 交互性、实时性、丰富性和便捷性等优势促使传统旅游业迅速融入网络旅游的浪潮。美 国著名的 CRG-Research 公司称，2005 年全球电子商务销售额增至 6200 亿美元，平均年增长率为 40%，其中旅游业电子商务销售额突破 650 亿美元，全球约有 30 多万家旅游网 络企业在网上开展旅游服务，全球享受过旅游网站服务的人数超过 2 亿人次，据世界旅 游组织(WTO)预计，5 年之内旅游电子商务将占全球所有旅游交易的 25%。在未来 4 至 5 年内，旅游电子商务占电子商务中的比重将达到 20%～25%。
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