四级真题作文练习及范文【一】这类题目从四年级一直到六年级都是必考题型，学校会交给学生六种说明方法，但是考试常考的只有四种，分别是：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较。这种题型在答题时需要找准所用方法，之后答出每种说明方法的作用即可。这类题若是以选择的形式出，最高是2分；若是以填空的形式出题，一般是1分。四级真题作文练习及范文【二】第三次课： 分词在句子中的用法教学目标： 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词教学内容：一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解二、分词现在分词和过去分词两种。作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时；过去分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成时。例如：I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。（现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。）Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。（过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。）The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。（过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。）作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词。过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。例如：Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. 他失败了三次，不想再干了。（having failed 表示发生在前的动作）Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe? 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候，看见沙上有人的脚印。（walking 表示同时发生的动作）The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important. 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。（gone 表示完成的状态）I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。（cut 是及物动词的过去分词，表示“被人理发”。） 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。例如：Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。（一）现在分词和过去分词的区别（1）在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物的行为；及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之，现在分词是它修饰的成分所作出的动作，过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。例如：convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。例如：the rising sun (正在升起的太阳 / the risen sun（升起的太阳）the falling rain（正在下的雨）/ the fallen leaves（落下的树叶）stolen money（被盗的钱/偷来的钱）/ill-gotten wealth（不义之财）a high-flying kite（高飞的风筝）再看一些例子：boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们（2）在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。再看一些例子：surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪（3）做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感到如何”。例如：His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。常用的还有：amusing/amused，astonishing/astonished，disappointing/disappointed，exciting/excited，frightening/frightened，interesting interested，moving/moved， relaxing/relaxed，satisfying/satisfied，shocking/shocked，surprising/surprised，terrifying/terrified，tiring/tired，worrying/worried等等。（4）做状语的区别，分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。例如：Seeing nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义，几乎同时The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚，给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义，同时Tired of the noise，he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦，所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义，在谓语之前Deeply moved，she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动，再三谢我。(被动意义，在谓语之前Persuade by my mother，she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下，她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义，在谓语之前如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，现在分词要用完成形式，但意思仍然是主动的。 例如：Having watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables，they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work，he packed his tools and left。完工后，他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时，前面可用连词或介词。例如：After eating my dinner quickly，I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War，the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的，这引擎仍然处于良好状态。Unless paying by credit card，please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款，请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事，除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后，她大变了。（二）用法1．作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。这是一本有趣的书。There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。消息中有些有趣的事。The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?唱歌的学生多数是女生。Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?被问的许多村里人都拒绝。注意：（1）分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。现在分词 动名词A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping卧车A flying bird(a bird that is flying飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying飞行课程A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming游泳池The running water(the water that is running流水 The running track(the track for running跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读，动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。（2）现在分词作定语时，它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生。例如：Who is the boy dancing over there？在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。如果两个动作在时间上有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如：The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。（3）be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词。表示这种概念时，也用主从复合句结构。例如：He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 (时间Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。 他是个学生，所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞，决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因 The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。(行为方式While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。看报时，父亲不时地点头。(时间(分词前，可加表示时间的连词while或when。3、作宾语补足语。例如：Can you get the machine going again？你能使机器再动起来吗？You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。4、作表语。例如：The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。5、作句子独立成分（分词有自己的逻辑主语时，称为独立主格结构。）例如：Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬，军队在街上行进。All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断，半不活地躺着。分词(短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险，彼得做向导。 (独立主格 The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如：误：Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it。正：He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。注意：（1）分词作状语时，逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如：Looking out of the window，I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window，I saw lots of people there。我往窗外一看，看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语I。（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示(强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如：We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时，看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间，看见老师正存做实验I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间，打开抽屉，拿出一份文件，拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时，用动词不定式。四级真题作文练习及范文【三】1..不能删去。（1分）大约是约数，表估计，而银杏树历史久远，无法准确计算，只能说个大概。用“大约”体现了说明文语言的准确性。（2分）2.银杏古老悠久，（2分）与同时代生活的恐龙一样普遍。（2分3.列数字、（1分）举例子（1分）。准确具体的说明了银杏树的确是长寿的树种。（2分）4.有极为发达的根系；生长缓慢；需要的养分少；很少受到病害虫的侵害。（每点1分）5.第一问：（3分）抵抗病虫害、抵御污染、具有观赏性。第二问：（2分）写出一种树名，符合该树的特点。四级真题作文练习及范文【四】按要求改写句子知识点梳理一、概述按要求改写句子主要考查学生对句子结构的掌握以及用不同句型表达同一意思的能力。考查所涉及到的句子类型有一般疑问句、否定句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句、对划线部分提问、感叹句、保持原句意思、合并成一句、简单句和复合句之间的互换以及改为被动语态等。二、解题时需注意的几个要点1、时态：不同的时态相对应的助动词一般现在时：谓语动词用原形（主语为第三人称单数时，动词加s或es，变否定句、疑问句时助动词为do或does）一般过去时：谓语动词用过去式，变否定句、疑问句时助动词为did.现在完成时：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词一般将来时：will/be going to +动词原形过去将来时：would/was or were going to +动词原形现在进行时：am/is/are＋动词的现在分词过去进行时：was/were＋动词的现在分词2、语态：主动语态变为被动语态的谓语结构一般现在时：am/is/are＋动词的过去分词一般过去时：was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时：will be+动词的过去分词情态动词：can/may/must/need等情态动词＋be++动词的过去分词3、改反意疑问句时注意hardly, never, seldom, few, little, no等词表达的是否定意义，变反意疑问句时用肯定形式。4、在合并句子时，有些连词如not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…是就近原则，连接两个主语时动词形式取决于与动词邻近的主语。而both…and…连接两个主语时,主语是复数。5、简单句和复合句之间的互换常见的有：带有疑问词的宾语从句改为特殊疑问词＋to＋动词原形的不定式；结果状语从句so…that…改为enough to或too…to…的简单句。6、保持原句意思改写句子时注意时态不变。三、习题练习一1. We do our homework every evening. （改为否定句）We _________ ________ our homework every evening. 对划线部分提问________ ________ do they have a class meeting?3. She could hardly understand this passage. (改为反意疑问句She could hardly understand this passage, _________ __________?4.The manager told him how to get useful information. (改为否定句The manager _________ _________ him how to get useful information.5. Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well. (改为反意疑问句Tom’s sister can speak English and Japanese very well, _________ _________?对划线部分提问_________ _________ he live twenty years ago?7. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.对划线部分提问_________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?9. Your father used to ride a bike. （改成反意问句）Your father used to ride a bike, _______ ________? （对划线提问）__________ ___________ the population of Germany?11. Mr. Wang washes his car once a month. （改为一般疑问句）Mr. Wang (对划线部分提问will Susan come back from Athens?13. My friends lost their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong. (改为一般疑问句________ your friends ________ their way when they were traveling in Hong Kong?14. 对划线部分提问________ ________ has Yao Ming been in the Rocket Team?15. She put the digital camera on the bed just now. (改为否定句She _________ _________ the digital camera on the bed just now.16. Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays. (改为反意疑问句Mark's flown to Hainan Island for winter holidays, _________ _________?(专辑. (划线部分提问_________ did Super Girl Zhou Bichang _________ to Vienna?18. I’ve already saved enough money to buy a new car. (改为否定句I ________ saved enough money to buy a car ________.19. Lily used to have long straight hair. (改为反意疑问句Lily used to have long straight hair, ________ ________?20. He has already been there .(改为一般疑问句__________ he been there __________?21.They decided that they wouldn't have the picnic because of the bad weather. (改为简单句They decided __________ _________ have the picnic because of the badweather.22. The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers .( 改为反意疑问句The English people hardly ever shake hands between the strangers, __________ __________?23. They grew some sunflowers in their garden last year.（改为否定句）They __________ __________ any sunflowers in their garden last year.24. Jane drinks milk every morning.（改为一般疑问句）_________ Jane ___________ milk every morning? （就划线部分提问）___________ map ___________ to Class 4?26. You can choose only one of the two: a mini-TV or a DVD player. (改为选择疑问句you want a mini-TV a DVD player?27. That detective film is so amazing. （改为感叹句）___________ ___________ amazing detective film!28. He has some money left.（改成否定句）He money left.29. （划线部分提问）do the members of the film society meet?30. His mother knew why the little boy was unhappy all day. (改为一般疑问句_______ his mother _______ why the boy was unhappy all day?31. He looks very funny with that hat on. (改为感叹句_______ _______ he looks with that hat on!. 对划线部分提问_______ _______ they build this factory?33. I have already finished the test paper.（改为否定句）I ________ finished the test paper ________.34. Johnson denied cheating in the competition.（改为反意疑问句）Johnson denied cheating in the competition, ________ ________? （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the story need to be funny?36. Sam does some cleaning in the morning. (改为否定句Sam _________ do _________ cleaning in the morning.对划线部分提问 _________ _________ have the students worked on the survey?38. （对划线部分提问） _________ _________ has he been a top fashion designer?39. 对划线部分提问________ ________ will they move into the new school?40. to go to the People’s Square by underground. (对划线部分提问________ _______ did it take you to go to the People’s Square by underground?练习二：1. Gold is less valuable than diamond. (保持句意不变Gold is ________ ________ valuable as diamond.2. He told the children to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish. (改为被动语态 The children ________ ________ to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.3. Unless I have a quiet room, I cannot do any work. （保持句意不变）I cannot do any work ________ I _________ have a quiet room.4. The manager arrived here a few minutes ago. （保持句意不变）The manager has _________here ________ a few minutes.5. They will send him to work in Japan for one year. (改为被动语态He will ________ _________ to work in Japan for one year.6. The words on the notice board are very small. I can’t see them clearly.(保持句子原意The words on the notice board are small I can’t see themclearly.7. We can solve the problems with the help of the teacher. (改为被动语态 The problems can _________ _________ with the help of the teacher.8. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.9. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs.(分贝（改成被动语态）The noise must ________ _______ under 50 dbs here.10. Mike doesn’t like classical music. Billy doesn’t either. （合并成一句） _________ Mike nor Billy __________ classical music.11. The room is so dirty that we can’t live in it.（保持句意不变）The room isn’t __________ _________ for us to live in.12. No one knows when we will start tomorrow. （保持原句意思）No one knows start tomorrow.13. The Smiths will invite the professor to take part in the party. (改成被动语态 to take part in the party by the Smiths.14. If you are not brave, you’ll lose your last chance.（保持原句意思）you are ’ll lose your last chance.15. They store much information in the computer. (改成被动语态Much information ________ ________ in the computer.16. Don’t throw rubbish here and there. Our teacher said to us. (合并为一句Our teacher told us ________ ________ throw rubbish here and there.17. If John doesn’t apologize for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.（保持原句意思）_______ John _______ for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.18. I don't know where we can grow vegetables in the city. (改为简单句 I don't know _________ _________ grow vegetables in the city.19. People used to enjoy themselves chatting on MSN when it worked well. (保持句意基本不变People used to _________ a lot of _________ chatting on MSN when it worked well.20. If you don’t improve your handwriting, you will lose marks in the exam. (合成同义句You will lose marks in the exam ________ you ________ your handwriting.21. To go fishing is fun. （句意不变 ）_____ is fun _____ ______ fishing.22. Dick was so short that he couldn’t touch the top of the bookshelf.（保持句意基本不变）Dick wasn’t __________ __________ to reach the top of the bookshelf.23. “Can I borrow your bike for a while or not?”（ 保持句意基本不变）Tom asked his sister __________ he __________ borrow her bike or not for a while.24. The couple couldn’t decide which flat they should choose at first. （保持原句意思）The couple couldn’t decide which flat at first.25. Meaningless information is difficult for the little boy to remember. （保持原句意思）is difficult for the little boy remember meaningless information.26. People throw away millions of plastic bags in our city every day. （改成被动语态）Millions of plastic bags away in our city.27. She was so careless that she couldn’t find the mistakes in her test paper. (保持句意基本不变She was _______ _______ to find the mistakes in her test paper.28. We will hold the next Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.（改为被动语态）The next Olympic Games will _______ _______ in Beijing in 2008.29. The elderly man pushed the birds into the river.（改为被动语态）The birds ________ ________ into the river by the elderly man.30. Dolphins are so clever that they can follow the instructions.（保持句意基本不变） Dolphins are ________ ________ to follow the instructions.31. We can’t finish the work in such a short time. (保持原句意思It’s _________ _________ us to finish the work in such a short time.32. They invited the astronaut and his wife to the party on Christmas Eve.(改为被动语态The astronaut and his wife _________ _________ to the party on Christmas Eve.33. The little girl didn’t go to bed unless the grandmother told her a story. (保持句意基本不变The little girl didn’t go to bed _________ the grandmother _________ tell her a story.34. The plane is so big that it can carry 300 passengers at one time. （改为简单句）The plane is big _________ _________ carry 300 passengers at one time.35. Did they know the answer to the question? Ididn’t know… (合并为一句 I didn’t know ________ they had ________ the answer to the question.Keys练习一1. don’t do 2. How often 3.could she 4.didn’t tell 5.can’t she6.where did 7.doesn’t any 8.How long 9.didn’t he 10.What is四级真题作文练习及范文【五】In the cartoon we can see a large person being measured by a tailor to get suitable clothes made. Anything to be done must be measured in advance so that we are able to find a proper way to do it. If the tailor does not take measurements of the man, then he would not be able to make suitable clothes for this person.This same principle applies to solving any other problem. Firstly, when we want to know the reality of something, we must describe it like it is, getting rid of our prejudices and exaggerations, so that we can have an unbiased view. Secondly, the object should be analyzed in a concrete way so that we can grasp the reasons and rules of it. Thirdly, we must adapt our approach to solving a problem, for each situation is different from the others. So we must view a problem from different perspectives.The cartoon implies different meanings to different people. A teacher should adopt different teaching methods according to the students in the class; a doctor should prescribe different treatments according to the patient's symptoms; a farmer should seed different plants according to the various conditions of the earth. From a philosophical point of view, dissimilarproblems should be approached differently. Good results come from attentive analysis of a problem.英语漫画作文写作指导第一、读图审题四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理，要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此，要写好四级漫画作文，审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画，弄清漫画的寓意，这是文章切题的保证。此外，在本次四级考试的三道写作题中，Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向，这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。第二、谋篇布局在把握文章的主旨之后，考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。第一段：开门见山，简要描述一下漫画内容，并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意，是手段而不是目的，所以描述要简洁明快，一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是，写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题，但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述，因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。第二段：表达考生对漫画寓意的看法，这是文章的重心所在。比如，就第一道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言，考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。第三段：指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义，或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是，结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析，其主要作用是总结和升华，使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要，点到即止。第三、论证方法漫画作文的第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法，这是文章的核心段落，也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此，考生在这一段要浓墨重彩，写深、写透。在写这一段时，考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理，避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落，笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法，希望对考生有所启发。1.条分缕析在写作第二段时，考生可以从2～3个方面对观点展开论述，这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如，本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性，考生就可以从以下两个方面展开：第一，相对于电子媒体，文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二，阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的\'范文。There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious： It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature， we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition， literature is the mirror of society，whether it be poetry， drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.2.举例论证如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理，那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例，尽量避免空洞的说教。比如，就本次四级作文第二道题目而言，考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起，最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子，用以证明只有从小事做起，才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin， a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery， he went on to build an empire of fast food.3.类比论证如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明，那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法，即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如，对于本次四级作文的第三道题目，考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时，只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能，才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推，无论做任何事情，只有掌握了基本的技能，才可能取得更大的成功。此外，考生还可以举出统计数字，用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。Simple as they mayseem， basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting， dribbling and passing are not mastered，learning advanced skills will become difficult， if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading， writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.四级真题作文练习及范文【六】1、分析论证方法的作用：作用二个要点。具体如下：①、举例论证：通过举具体的事例加以论证，从而使论证更具体、更有说服力。格式：使用了举例论证的论证方法，举……（概括事例）证明了……（如果有分论点，则写出它证明的分论点，否则写中心论点），从而使论证更具体更有说服力。②、道理论证：通过讲道理的方式证明论点，使论证更概括更深入。格式：使用了道理论证的论证方法，论证了……了观点，从而使论证更概括更深入。③、比喻论证：通过比喻进行证明，使论证生动形象、浅显易懂。格式：使用了比喻论证的论证方法，将……比作……，证明了……的观点，从而把抽象深奥的道理阐述得生动形象、浅显易懂。④、对比论证：对比论证的作用就是突出强调。格式：使用了对比论证的论证方法，将……和……加以比较，突出强调了……的观点。⑤、引用论证：引用论证比较复杂，这与具体的引用材料有关，有引用名人、格言警句、权威数据、名人佚事、笑话趣闻等各种情况，其作用要具体分析。如引用、格言警句、权威数据，可以增强论证的说服力和权威性；引用名人佚事、奇闻趣事，可以增强论证的趣味性，吸引读者往下读。格式：使用了引用论证的论证方法，通过引用……证明……的观点，使论证更有说服力。（或更有趣味性，吸引读者往下读）2、分析论据的类型和作用：论据可分为道理论据和事实论据二种类型。答题要点二个方面：（1）、明确论据类型；（2）、具体分析作用。这个题目就其实质是考查论据与论点的关系，无论是与中心论点与分论点的关系，都是证明与被证明的关系，所以，规范性答题格式如下：这是……论据，在文中起着证明……（论点，如果有分论点，则写出它证明的分论点，否则写中心论点。）补充论据作为一种新题型正在流行，做这种题目，注意以下二个方面：（1）、看清楚要求补充的论据类型，即看清楚要求的是名言还是事例；（2）、补充名人事例要注意字数限制。当然，作为应考，可以准备“勤奋”、“处世”等常见主题的名人事例和名言。名言字数要少，事情要熟悉，不要为求新而准备那些较长名言或不熟悉的名人事例。3、文章提出中心论点的方式：①、文章标题点明中心论点；②、文章开头提出中心论点；初中议论文阅读技巧及练习③、文章结尾归纳出中心论点；④、文章中间用某个承上启下的句子提出中心论点。⑤、文章没有直接提出中心论点，但始终围绕……展开论述。4、分析文章的论证思路首先应该了解一般议论文的结构：提出问题（引论）——分析问题（本论）——解决问题（结论）。分析议论文的论证思路，其实，就是在段落层次的基础上加上一些诸如“首先”、“然后”、“接着”、“最后”一类表承转启合关系的词语。做这个题目，尤其要注意开头结尾的表述。开头的内容有：（1）、提出中心论点；（2）、引出论题；以上二个方面，要具体回答出提出中心论点或引出论题的具体方式，有的是通过名人名言、有的是通过名人佚事、有的是通过趣闻笑话等。结尾的内容：（1）、深化中心论点，提出……的结论；（2）、重复或强化……的中心论点；（3）、发出……的.号召或劝勉人们……；（4）、补充论证了……。（有时候会考查这方面作用，其作用是使论证更严密。）做这类题目，就是把文章的引论、本论、结论具体化地陈述出来。如《人的高贵在于灵魂》一文，我们可以这样表述：首先引用法国思想家帕斯卡的名言“人是一枝有思想的芦苇”提出中心论点“人的高贵在于灵魂”，然后举阿基米德、王尔德事例证明了“珍惜内在的精神财富甚于外在的物质财富”，最后举一个火车上读书的少女为例向人们发出“人应该保持纯正的精神追求”的劝勉。5、议论文语言特点分析：议论文语言特点分析的角度比较固定，只有二个角度：（1）语言特点；（2）语体特点。做这类题目，要掌握语言风格一些关键词：简明平实、形象生动、幽默风趣、含蓄委婉、富有文采等）。而语体特点，就是抓住逻辑严密四个字做文章就可以了。一个应特别注意的事项就是做这类的题目一定要有具体文句支撑，也就是用文章中的具体例句为例子进行分析。6、议论文写作特点分析议论文写作特点分析的角度比较多，如修辞手法、论证方法、写作手法等（1）、修辞：如比喻，可结合比喻特点谈，那就是形象生动；如排比，增强了文章论证的气势；如引用古诗文，使文章富有文采等。（2）、论证方法：参考论证方法的作用谈。（3）、写作手法比较固定，常见的就是：（1）、举例论证与道理论证相结合（夹叙夹议）；（2）、以……论证方法为主。同样，做这类的题目一定要有具体文句支撑，也就是用文章中的具体例句为例子进行分析。7、文段结构作用：（1）、引出（全）下文；（2）、总结前（全）文；（3）承上启下。作为议论文段的作用，必须结合文体特征具体加答。如开头段作用往往起着引出中心论点（论题），那么，我们可以参考下面的二个具体答题规范格式的例子使用或变通使用：①、开头通过写……的事例，提出中心论点……（或引出……的论题）。②、开头通过引用名言，提出中心论点……（或引出……的论题）。③、开头通过引用名人趣事（或……的奇闻趣事），提出中心论点……（或引出……的论题），也起到吸引读者下读的作用，增强了论述的趣味性。结尾段的作用，请参照4：“结尾的内容”回答。四级真题作文练习及范文【七】非谓语动词系列训练（二）一：在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子：1.When he saw from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.-----___________from the top of the mountain, he viewed a beautiful city.(用分词2．When it was seen from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. (用分词 ------_____________from the of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. city. (用分词3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.-------When ________ why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (用分词4. Do you know the boy who knows Japanese?----- Do you know the boy ___________ Japanese? (用分词5. Do you know the boy who is called Tom.---- Do you know the boy ________Tom.- (用分词6. This is the man who organized the activity.This is the man________________ the activity. (用分词7. He followed his students and came in.------ He came in, ____________ his students(用分词8. He came in and was followed by his students----- He came in ,____________by his students(用分词9.The woman who was dressed in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us.---- The woman _____________ in a blue skirt delivered a speech to us. (用分词10. Because he is a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research.---- _______ a physicist, he could well explained how to do the research. (用分词11. He was born on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood.----- ____________on the 18th of January, 1979 in Taiwan, and he was raised by his mother and was shy and quiet during his childhood. (用分词12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless it is watered every day.---The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________ every day. (用分词13．When we were walking dogs, we came across a famous professor.------ When ____________ dogs, we came across a famous professor. (用分词14. He donated over 10 billion dollars in order that he could sponsor education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.----- He donated over 10 billion dollars _____________education, culture, sports, and public welfare in the earth-stricken area.(用不定式15 After he had finished his homework, he played the piano.----- ____________ his homework, he played the piano.16. After the bridge had been completed, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.----______________________, it went through a hard time because of the bad weather.17 It is said that Bell invented the telephone.18. Bell is said __________ the telephone. (用不定式19. I don’t decide what I should do.I don’t decide what__________(用不定式20. It happened that he had been invited---- He happened _____________21.He was so young that he could not go to school. He was too young __________ to school.22. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.----- The test __________, we began our holiday.(用独立主格结构23. As time goes by ,he becoms aware of it.With time ________ by, he becomes aware of the significant of it.24. The moon, which travels round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.---- The moon, ___________ round the earth once every month, is a natural satellite of the earth.25. Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.-----_______ several times, he didn’t understand me.26. After the problem was solved,he took a rest.----With the problem ____________, he took a rest.27. If time permits, we will28．He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.---He lay there, his hand_______, his eyes looking straight up29.I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, which enabled me to understand the love in a family.------I once read a book called Man, Woman and Child, ______________ me to understand the love in a family. (用分词30.There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, which attracts lots of tourists from different places every year.------There are many places of interest, among which is the Yunji mountain,whose scenery is very beautiful, ____________ lots of tourists from different places every year. (用分词二：非谓语动词完成句子练习there was no doctor available. (only, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? (spend. (think包括三名儿童）. (child5. 根据他的话判断）, he did well in his exam. (judgethe Tang Dynasty. (date7. This is an article （由五部分组成）five parts. (consistfive parts.(makeas soon as possible. (solvebored a lot of fans to death. (concern, l cannot object to your marriage. (concern子）at school? （keep）（躲在木箱里）behind the door. (hide,we had to walk home last night. (be.in the broad daylight yesterday. (rob（满是脚印）. (mark（石油价格上涨）, the economy of that country is slowing down. (go18. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, . (fixhim, I decided to write again. (hear20. He doesn’t seem to mind by others. (makenext week is of great importance. (holdis very important. (holdis of great importance. (holdthe Third World. (belong（致力于研究）, the professor paid little attention to his surroundings. (devotein the morning. (come（为了确保那孩子尽快康复），five doctors took turns looking after him day and night. (ensure，the old man struggled to his feet. (help, the parents were taken to the dining room. （show）（.support）. （drop）, I am not familiar with this kill. (tell（为了不被注意）by others . (notice三：合并下列句子1. The annual school sports meeting was held yesterday. It presented a marvelous opening ceremony.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. After the opening ceremony, we sat in the base of our class. We waited patiently for the beginning of the race._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Some of my classmates work very hard, and they hope to fulfill their dream. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4..My friend Christine took part in the 800-meter race. She had received training many times, so she kept calm before the race. After 400 meters, though she looked tired, she still tried her best to run. We screamed and beat the drum when we saw she passed by. She won the medal, and we were proud of it. (把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四：语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一）Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_________（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]_________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠. He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease[5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to[9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt. 基础写作 :最近，你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。 你将作为学校的学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况，请准备好你的解说词，文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达）?位置交通：位于广州市西部，荔湾区；出行便利，步行到地铁站约10分钟。 ?学校历史：逾120年的悠久历史；现高中校区于2004年 竣工并投入使用。 ?校园环境：占地面积约125,000平方米；植物繁茂，绿树成荫，环境优美。 ?校园设施：课室宽敞明亮，配备齐全；拥有标准运动 设施，其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。?师生情况：目前学生约3000人，教师约200人；全体师生正在为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。?【写作要求】?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】 ?句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。Good morning, teachers! Welcome to Guangdong Experimental High School!.....__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________非谓语动词练习答案1．Seeing 2.Seen (原句有误，请改成When it was seen from the top of the mountain,the city is beautiful (用分词 3. asked 4. knowing 5. called 6. organizing 7. following 8. followed 9. dressed 10. Being 11. Born 12. watered 13. walking 14. to sponsor 15. Having finished 16. Having been completed 17 18.. to have invented19.to do 20. to have been invited 21. to go 22 finished 23. going 24. travelling 25. Having been toldTold 26. solved 27.permitting 28. clenched 29.enabling 30. attracting二：非谓语动词完成句子练习Keys:1. only to be told (that 2. to spend your spare/free time3. thinking about 4. including three children/ three children included5. Judging from / by his words/what he said6. dating back to/from (which dates back to/from7. consisting of / which consists of8. made up of/which is made up of 9. to solve the problem10. concerning the football match 11. As/So far as I am concerned12. (in keeping five children 13. hidden in a wooden box14. There being no bus 15. to have been robbed16. Seen from the top of 17. Seeing from the top of18. To see 19. marked with footprints20. the price of oil going up 21. fixed on/upon the national flag22. with (both his hands tied 23. Not having heard from24. (his being made fun of 25. to be held四级真题作文练习及范文【八】：道理论证、举例论证、对比论证、引用论证、比喻论证。