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以下试题来自：（2006年模拟试卷，试卷总分：100分，）单选：Passage Three One of the central diagnostic criteria for Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a failure to develop peer relationships and clinicians examine how the child conceptualizes and demonstrates friend ship skills. Normal children' s conception of friendship changes over time and it is notable that children with autism often have an immature and unusual definition of friendship. The research literature on the concept of friendship indicates the following levels between early childhood and adolescence.
The child in the first level who is approximately 3 to 6 years old recognizes that games and activities cannot happen unless there is an element of turn taking, but there is an egocentric or simple conceptualization of friendship in terms of defining a friend as someone who gives you things or someone you play with. Friendship is based on proximity and physical attributes.
For the children who are in level 2, about 6 to 9 years old, there is an increasing understanding of the concepts of reciprocity and mutual rather than one-way assistance. The likes and dislikes of the other person are more likely to be considered with friendship based on how closely each friend matches their self-interest, for example, in liking similar games. There is also a new awareness of the motives, thoughts and feelings of others.
The 9-year-old to 13-year-old children, who are in level 3, is more aware of other people's o pinions of them and how their words and actions affect the feelings of others. They are more careful in what they say and do because it may be hurtful to someone. Friendship can be based on shared experience or common interests and helping becomes more valued than simply playing together. There is a greater selectivity in choosing friends, a gender split and a greater durability in the relationship. There is increased value placed on personal attributes such as trust, loyalty and keeping rather than breaking promises.
For the highest level of adolescence, peer group acceptance becomes more important than the o pinions of parents, there is a greater depth and breadth of self-disclosure, desire to be understood by friends and recognition that there are different types of friendship—from acquaintances to close friends with autonomous interdependence.
When children with an ASD are asked what makes a good friend Clinical experience suggests that a common response is a list almost exclusively of actions that a friend should not do, e.g. bully or tease you, which indicate that the child has experienced a disproportionate level of negative experiences in their peer relationships. They know what a friend should not do but have little idea what they should do.第1题：Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passageA．It describes the children's inability of making peer friends.B．It describes how to develop the friendship between the child and his parents.C．It classifies the children's concept of making friends.D．It classifies how a child considers his friends at different periods of life.正确答案：D （）答案解析：主旨大意题。这个问题考查的是文章的主旨。综观全文，主要介绍了儿童对友谊的看法从幼儿时期到青少年时期经历的四个重要阶段。所以应该选择D)。[避错指导] A)项和B)项对全文主旨的把握不清楚；而C)项的说法也不如D)项更科学，所以排除。第2题：What is the major diagnostic standard for Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)A．A failure to make friends with his peers.B．A success in developing friendship among peers.C．A failure to be friendly to the other children.D．A failure to manage friendship skills.正确答案：A （）答案解析：事实细节题。原文第一段第一句话的意思是孤僻症患者的主要临床诊断标准是指一个儿童不能在同代人中建立友谊关系。所以应该选择A)。[避错指导] B)项的意义完全和这种病症患者是相反的，可以首先排除；C)项和D)项未能把握它的临床诊断标准，所以错选。以下试题来自：（2005年模拟试卷，试卷总分：93.25分，）单选：A university student in Nairobi, Kenya, was stopped for a traffic violation the other day. The policeman took out his ticket book and asked, "What tribe are you" In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist's desk and asked, "What tribe is he" When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, "Then I'll never get the job.”
This phenomenon is called tribalism. There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, names, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old-fashioned customs.
However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one's ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group. To give a job to a fellow tr it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion－from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager－within a very short time.
Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, President Jomo Kenyatta's Kikuyu tribe controlled business and politics. Eight of the 21 cabinet posts, including the most important four, were filled by Kikuyus. In Uganda in the same year, the President's small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions. In Angola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.
One country that has largely avoided tribal problems is Tanzania. Some observers say this is partly because Tanzania has so many tribes (about 120) that none has been able to become a major force.第3题：Why did the applicant reply "Then I'll never get the job"A．Because he was a Mashona.B．Because he was not a Mashona.C．Because he could do the job.D．Because he had no such ability.正确答案：B （）答案解析：[参考译文]为什么申请者回答“我永远不会得到那个工作”[试题分析]本题是道理解分析题。[详细解答]本文主要讲述在非洲，部落制很重要，那么第一段所举事例理所当然也是为此主题服务。申请者是在询问经理是何部落，得到经理是Mashona部落的回答后才说“那我将永远不会得到这个工作了。”由此可以推断出申请者这样说是因自己和经理并非来自同一部落，因此B项应为本题的正确答案。C项和D项在文章中都无法找到依据，故应排除。第4题：According to the article, what is the definition of tribalismA．Giving a job to a fellow tribesman.B．A force that can be both good and bad.C．Sharing among members of the extended family.D．Making sure that a person is taken care of by his own group.正确答案：C （）答案解析：[参考译文]根据短文，部落制的定义是什么[试题分析]本题测试的是对文章细节部分的掌握。[详细解答]部落制的定义，文章在第三段中给予了明确说明：By definition tribalism means sharing．among members of the extended family．根据这句话，本题的答案显而易见应该是C项“在广义家庭成员中分享”。以下试题来自：（2007年模拟试卷，试卷总分：712分，）单选：Passage One Local government is political administration of the smallest subdivisions of a country's territory and population. Although there are special-purpose local government bodies (e. g. , school boards in the United States), more important are those that carry out a broad range of public activities within a defined area and population. Almost all such local government bodies share cer a con the authority to underta the ability to
the righ and the ability to collect taxes and determine a budget. Areas of local government authority usually include public schools, local highways, municipal services, and some aspects of social welfare and public order. An important distinction among types of local government is that between representative bodies, which are elected locally and have decision-making authority, and non-representative bodies, which are either appointed from above or, if elected locally, have no independent governing authority. While most countries have complex systems of local government, those of France and Great Britain have served as models for much of the rest of the world.
The British system of local government, which has been the model for most of that country's former colonies, including the United States, is the most representative of the major types. Largely reformed in the 19th century and extensively restructured in the 1970s, the system stresses local government autonomy through elected councils on the county and sub-county levels. This system was marked by less central government interference and greater local budgetary(预算的) authority than in other systems. However, in 1986, six major county governments were abolished by Parliament, while the powers of others were restricted. A special feature of the British system is its use of an extensive committee system, instead of a strong executive, for supervising the administration of public services.
Despite differences among states, local governments of the United States follow the general principles of the British system, except that a strong executive is common. The county remains the usual political subdivision, although it has retained more authority in rural than in urban areas, where incorporated municipalities have most of the local power. In both rural and urban areas the local government's relationship to the state is a complex one of shared authority and carefully defined areas of legal competence. Local governments are pulled two ways, increasingly reliant on state and federal funding to carry out their expected duties, while fearful of losing their traditional degree of local control.第5题：Differing from representative bodies, non representative bodies of local governmentA．are composed of members appointed by upper-level bodiesB．have no right to participate in affairs of social welfareC．do not have their own governing authorityD．have two different types rather than a uniform mode正确答案：D （）答案解析：[定位] 根据题干关键词representative bodies和non-representative bodies定位到原文第一段第五句。[解析] 该句对这两种机构进行区分。文中either…or…句型说明non-representative bodies有两种形式，一种成员由上级政府委派，行使独立的管理职能，另一种由地方选举产生，不能单独行使管理职能，而representative bodies只有一种形式，即由地方选举产生，具备独立的决策权，D)与之相符。[排除干扰] A)中appointed by upper-level bodies只是non-representative bodies的其中一种形式，故排除；第—段第四句指出地方政府的权力范围包括some aspects of social welfare，两种机构都可以参与，故排除B)；第一种形式的non-representative bodies可以单独行使权力，故排除C)。第6题：Which of the following is true about the local governments in the USA．They completely follow the British pattern of local government.B．They have no right in dealing with legal affairs.C．They do not get financial supports from the federal government.D．They are in a dilemma in their relationship with the federal government.正确答案：D （）答案解析：[定位] 根据题干关键词local governments in the US定位到原文最后一段。[解析] 最后一句中说明，美国地方政府既想从中央政府得到更多资金支持，又怕失去自己的权力，所以作者说 pulled two ways，D)中的in a dilemma正是这个短语的同义表达。[排除干扰] 最后一段第一句中follow the general principles…except that…说明尽管美国模式与英国模式大致相同，但也存在不同点，故排除A)；地方政府有权处理法律事务，因此排除B)；C)与最后一句内容相反。以下试题来自：（2006年模拟试卷，试卷总分：95分，）单项选择：Passage Two
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of "Boy, I can't wait to get back to work." If you didn't feel such vacation blues, then imagine taking a leave of absence. You could use it to work on a novel, enroll in classes or just sit around watching TV. At the end of three months, in all likelihood, your self-esteem would be at an all-time low. While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you've been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren't turning out as you'd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself resenting your job because you can't afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a "cyanide capsule." He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent has such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If he's captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change.
Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. You're not giving up on your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are there only because you want to be.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren't. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.第7题：It can be inferred that the author ______.A．tries to sound persuasive and convincing in his opinions about career bluesB．believes that one cannot change his /her environmentC．can hardly tolerate one's complete enjoyment of lifeD．quite agrees with the "up-to-date resume" attitude正确答案：A （）答案解析：[解析] 推理判断题。问题：我们可推断出作者有以下哪种意图此题可采取排除法。[B]“认为一个人不能改变自己的环境”显然错误，文章最后一段指出most people feel controlled by their environment，but… what they need可知可以改变自己的环境，不选它。[C]错，实际上作者赞同享受生活。[D]过于绝对。第8题：The first main reason for many people's unhappiness in their jobs rises from their conviction that ______.A．working is like killing their true talentsB．working at a job is just wasting their timeC．working is not the enjoyment they are afterD．working is the least enjoyable way of spending time正确答案：D （）答案解析：[解析] 事实细节题。问题：很多人在工作中不开心的第一个主要原因是源于他们认为以下哪个文中第一段最后一句话可找到答案出处。最后一句话的意思是：一些人认为工作浪费了他们享受快乐的时间和发掘天分的时间。[A]认为工作扼杀了他们的天分，属言过其实。[B]和[C]认为工作就是浪费时间和认为工作不是他们所追求的享受，均过于绝对，属理解扩大了范围。[D]认为工作是最不享受的花时间的方式，正是对最后一句话正确的诠释，为答案。以下试题来自：（2006年模拟试卷，试卷总分：95分，）单项选择：Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are jour choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
The genetic characteristics of all life forms on earth are embodied in the chemical structure of DNA molecules. An organism's DNA molecules provide a complete blueprint for its physical makeup. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the DNA genetic code to change order new life forms that perform desired functions. For hundreds of years, humans have engineered the development of food crops and domesticated animals through selective breeding practices. For example, the modern dairy cow is the result of centuries of carefully breeding individual animals that carried the genetic trait for high milk production. However, new technology makes it possible for scientists to restructure the DNA molecules themselves and thus obtain more rapid and more radical genetic changes than were possible in the past.
This new process is commonly called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing because it involves disassembling the DNA molecule and then recombining or splicing the pieces according to a new pattern. The gene-spliced DNA molecule may have a genetic code that has never existed before.
Although recombinant DNA technology is still in its infancy, it has already demonstrated its value. New crop breeds produced by this process are already. growing in farmers’fields. Crops that are genetically engineered to resist pests, diseases and drought could be important in efforts to alleviate starvation around the world. Scientists are trying to use genetic engineering to produce important drugs such as insulin (胰岛素)and interferon (干扰素) cheaply. They are also working on a genetically engineered generation of wonder drugs to combat cancer and other killer diseases. However, the recombinant DNA technology brings with it problems our society has not previously faced. Gene splicing could produce new disease microorganisms, deadly to us or to the plants and animals upon which we depend. The possibility of altering human genetic structure raises serious moral, political, and social issues. Genetic engineering illustrates dramatically the promises and dangers of technological development. The decisions our society makes about genetic engineering will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come.第9题：Which of the following is NOT mentioned about recombinant DNA technologyA．It can bring about rapid and radical genetic changes in life forms.B．It can be used to restructure DNA molecules to produce new desired plant and animal breeds.C．It may increase the risk of producing some unexpected diseases.D．It proves an effective way to cure cancer and other incurable diseases.正确答案：D （）答案解析：[解析] 是非判断题。通读全文可知，原文的意思是DNA重组技术可以抗衡(combat)癌症，但并未说能够完全治愈(cure)。故D是正确答案。第10题：The author's attitude towards genetic technologies is ________.A．enthusiasticB．indifferentC．criticalD．objective正确答案：D （）答案解析：[解析] 作者观点态度题。纵观全文，作者对DNA技术的态度是客观的，既看到了这一技术的希望，也看到其危险性。所以应选D。
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