i could have got more.这句子是什么时态····为什么不是 i could have to get more .或者是i could have gotten more?·····
这是虚拟语气的用法,与现在或过去的事实相反.意思为我可以得到更多的东西could have +过去分词 是固定结构至于第二个问题gotten是美式英语中的过去分词没有区别
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
过去完成时。意思是过去已经得到很多。就是因为过去完成时的答案符合啊，所以才这样的。i could have to get more 。
这个是过去本来会得到很多。另外个， 就不清楚了。望采纳。
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>>>>>>>>正文
句子结构、动词时态、语态练习
Section A & 英语基本句型（SentencePattern）
Part1 Grammar Learning
简单句的五种基本句型：
1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语：
The plan // soundsperfect.
系动词主要有：be，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem，become, get, grow, turn, go, come,remain, keep, hold, stay, rest, prove, turn out
2．主语 + 谓语：
The telephone//rang.
注：这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就引出了下列句型：
△主语+ 谓语 + 状语：
The meeting// lastedfor two hours. &
主语谓语状语
3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语：
She // isreadinga novel.
主语谓语宾语
注：这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语，因此称单宾及物动词，一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些情况下，状语必不可少，这就引出了下列句型：
△主语+ 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语：
He // putthe vaseon thetable.
主语谓语宾语状语
4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：
My father // boughtmea novel.
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
注①：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类：
第一类：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave,tell, hand, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish,teach, promise, owe, refuse等。
第二类：make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save,reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。
注②：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意思上没有什么差别：
I’llreturnyouthe book tomorrow. →I’ll returnthe book toyou tomorrow.
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语
She //madea new dress for Mary. →She// madeMarya new dress.
主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：
We //have provedhimwrong.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
She //foundthe child fast asleep.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
I //calledhim a fool.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
注：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些复合宾语及物动词：like, see，name, call, get,have, find, turn, think, consider等。
Part2 &Exercises:
Task 1: Analyze the followingsentences into their constituent parts.
主语、//谓语、宾语、表语, 〈定〉、〔补〕、状
1.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
2.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
3.They went hunting together early in the morning.
4.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
5.Tom came to ask me for advice.
6.The old man was feeling very tired.
7.The leaves have turned yellow.
8.What is your given name?
9.The apples tasted sweet.
10.His job is to train swimmers.
11.Soon they all became interested in the subject.
12.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
13.My brother hasn’t done his homework.
14.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
15.How many new words did you learn last class?
16.Why is he worried about Jim?
17.Every night he hears the noise upstairs.
18.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
19.I shall answer your question after class.
20.He handed me the newspaper.
21.Would you please tell me your address?
22.They made him monitor of the class.
23.She found it difficult to do the work.
24.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
Task 2: Analyze the followingsentences into their constituent parts.
主语、//谓语、宾语、表语, 〈定〉、〔补〕、状
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
2.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
3.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
4.He sat there, reading a newspaper.
5.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
6.She was the first to learn about it.
7.To behonest, your pronunciation is not so good.
8.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
9.The old man sitting at the gate was ill.
10.People all over the world speak English.
11.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
12.Do you haveanything else to say?
13.He asked her to take the boy out of school.
14.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
15.He found it important to master English.
Task 3: Each sentenceis incorrect. Correct it in the right way. & &
1.Idislike dogs because very smelly.
2.Thedogs always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit.
3.Waysof naming new babies different around the world.
4.In Guangzhou is hotter than in Beijing.
5.Dogslove to play with sticks. For example, go and get the stick if you throw it.
6.Is toocold in this room.
7.Becausewe don’t have enough time to take care of a pet.
8.A bookthat you like.
9.Friendlypeople, another thing I like about college.
10.Theadvantage is partnerships can raise more capital and handle more business.
Section B &Verbs (动词)(概说)
Part1 Grammar Learning
一、动词的分类
及物动词(vt)
achieve, overcome, & & & &address, admire, affect, afford
Finally we achieved &our goals.We’ll overcome &the difficulties in our English learning.The students admire &Professor Smith very much.
不及物动词(vi.)
appear, rise, belong, &come, cry
When we talked about &him, he appeared.The housebelongs to him.The sun rises &in the East every morning.
系动词(link-v.)
be, become, appear, &seem, sound, get, look, feel &
The daytime is becoming &shorter.He seems like &his father.Silk feels &soft and smooth.
助动词(aux-v.)
be, do, have , shall, will
Do you &have any brothers or sisters?We have lived here for a long &time.We shall be back in time.
情态动词(mod-v)
can/could （表示能够,会）
Can you go with me today?You could stay in Hilton Hotel.
may/might(表示可能，或许能够)
May I &smoke here?They might come today, but I’m not &sure.
must/should (表示应当，必须，不许，不应该)
Must I &start right now? No, you needn’t.You shouldn’t be absent-minded in &class.
shall/will/would(表示请求或征求意见)
Will /Would you do me a favor?Shall I go with you?
ought to（表示应该，应当）
We ought to &make greater contributions to humanity.I don’t think you ought &to stick to it.
need (表示需要，只用于否定句和疑问句)
Need I copy the text once more?Yes, you must. &/No, you needn’t. You needn’t &have waited for him so long.
dare (表示胆敢，只用于否定句和疑问句)
I dared not go &alone there last night.Dare you say it directly to the boss?
二、动词的形式
第一、二人称，第三人称复数后用动词原形
work, appear, talk
第三人称单数+s (规则与名词变复数大致相同)1.大多数动词在词尾加s；2.以辅音字母加y 结尾的，要先将y变为i，然后再加es；3.以s, x, &ch, sh o结尾的，在词尾加es；4.特殊变化：be-is，have-has。
comes cries teaches, &washes
过去式过去分词
规则动词(过去式和过去分词同型)
1.一般词在词尾加ed；2.以e结尾的词加d；3.辅音+y结尾的词，改y为i再加ed；4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应该双写末尾的辅音字母再加ed，取代“重读闭音节词，双写最后字母再加ed”。
Worked, pleased studied, simplified stopped, fitted, chatted
不规则动词(过去式和过去分词不一定同型)
1.AAB型2.ABA型3.ABB型4.ABC型
beat-beat-beatenbecome-became-becomebring-brought-broughtfly-flew-flownhide-hid-hidden
1.一般词在词尾加ing；2.以不发音的e结尾的，去掉e后加ing；3.重读闭音节词，双写最后一个字母再加ing；4.以-al,-er,-ill结尾的动词，即使重音不在最后一个音节上，也要双写，再加-ing。
listening &making &putting, &beginning travelling
dying, lying, panicking (使恐慌, tying(tie,系), hoeing（用锄头耕地）, picnicking, dyeing（染色）, toeing（toe,用脚尖走）, mimicking（mimic模仿）
三、特殊动词的用法
（一）be 的特殊用法
1.be being+ adj.
be没有进行时态，这一句型并非表进行时态，而是表明某人故意或装作成某样。
He was beingpolite when he saw his teacher. 他一见到老师就装得彬彬有礼。
2.being + adj./ n.
这一结构很容易被误认为是分词的被动结构，实际上，这一结构中be是系动词，后面接的是表语。
Being angry, he went away.
由于生气，他走了。
It being sunny, we will go to visit an interesting place.
因为天气晴朗，我们会去游览风景名胜。
Being a waitress really changed mylife.
当服务员确实改变了我的生活。
Not being satisfied with his report, the boss told John to write itall over again.
老板对约翰的报告不满意，叫他从头再写一遍。 (表被动)
Being so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep.
他太生气了，以致睡不着。 (表状态)
The question being discussed is very important.
正在讨论的问题很重要。(表被动)
The man beingupset said nothing.
那个伤心的人一句话也没说。 (表状态)
3.be +动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：
1)He is to go to New York nextweek.他下周要去纽约。
2)We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。
说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
(1)表示命令，例如：
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。
(2)征求意见，例如：
How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？
(3)表示相约、商定，例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrowmorning.
我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
（二）do 的特殊用法
1.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：
Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.我确实想你。
2.用于倒装句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize theimportance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到的重要性。
说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
3.用于nothing but/ except to 句型中这个应该是to还是（to）do呢？根据下文好像是后者。
本句型中，如果句中出现了do的任何形式，则后面不定式的to要省略。
He did nothing but sit down.
She has nothing to do except sleep.
He said nothing but to sit down.
He did nothing but sit down.
（三）have 的特殊用法
1.have sth. to do
本结构中，have为实义动词，译为“有”，to do是不定式作定语修饰sth.
Do you have something to eat? 你有吃的吗？
I have some work to do.我有工作要做。
2.have sb. do sth.
本结构中，have为使役动词，相当于let， make，译为“使，让”，have后的不定式要省略to.
The boss had Tomclean the room.
但是，have sb. do sth.不能变为被动语态，而makesb. do 则可以
→Tom was had to cleanthe room.&
→ Tom was made toclean the room.√
3.have sb./ sth. doingsth.
本结构中，have为使役动词，后接分词作宾补，表示让sb.或sth.一直在做某事。
They had the machine running for a whole day.
4.have sth. done
这个结构表示过去分词这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的，还有一种情况就是表示这是主语的一种经历。
I often have my hair cut. 我经常理发。(头发是理发师理的)
I had my leg broken yesterday. 昨天我摔断了腿。(只是一种经历)
（四）need 特殊用法
主语＋need（want, request）+doing
=主语＋need（want, request）( to be done)
当need作实义动词时，且其主语是物（绝大多数情况下），需要修理、缝补…时，need 和want, request一样后面用动名词的主动形式来表示被动含义或用不定式的被动形式来表示。
1)The house needs cleaning (tobe cleaned). 这房子需要打扫了。
2)The boy looks pale. He needsexamining (to be examined).
这个男孩看起来脸色苍白，他需要做一下身体检查。
Part2 &Exercises:
Task 1: Judge theusage of the verbs.
&A 助动词 &B 系动词 &C 情态动词D实义动词
(1) & He is the teacher from Beijing.（　　）
(2) & He is checking their homework.（　　）
(3) & He is praised in the classroom.（　　）
(4) & Do you like fish?（　　）
(5) & He doesn’t like going to school.（　　）
(6) & He often did morning exercises when he wasyoung.（　　）
3. & &have
(7) & Has he ever been to Beijing?（　　）
(8) & I had breakfast this morning?（　　）
(9) & Does he have anything to do this class?（　　）
(10) He had his bicycle repaired last night. （　　）
4. & &will, would, should
(11) It will rain tomorrow. （　　）
(12) He will go with her.（　　）
(13) I thought I should be late if I didn’t hurry.（　　）
(14) We should encourage him for we are his classmates.（　　）
(15) Would you please be quiet?（　　）
(16) He said he would do morning exercises when he wasyoung. （　　）
5. & &feel, run, go,
(17) The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. （　　）
(18) Though he is young, he can run a company. （　　）
(19) Fish goes bad soon in hot weather. （　　）
(20) Some children go hungry in the poor district. （　　）
(21) Can you feel the tension in this room？（）
(22) He felt betrayed. （　　）
(23) The blackboard feels cold in winter. （　　）
6. need, dare
(24) Need Iattend the meeting tomorrow? （　　）
(25) Do youneed a dictionary? （　　）
(26) She needs to go there at once. （　　）
(27) The bikes need repairing.（　　）
(28) The little girl dare not speak in public. （　　）
(29) Do you dare to walk in the dark? （　　）
(30) He doesn’t dare to tell the teacher what happened thatday. （　　）
Task 2: Fill in theblanks in the following sentences with proper form of the appropriate words inthe brackets (be, have, do, will, should, would, can, may, might, must).
1.You ________ be reading atextbook instead of a novel.
2.He was always meaning to buyone, but never ________.
3.Who ________ be on dutytomorrow?
4.____________you please lookover my essay?
5.What have you _________doing since then?
6.Need I finish my term paperbefore Monday? Yes, you ________.
7.A blind man ________ notjudge colors.
8.You haven’t
you ________ be starving.
9.________ God bless you.
10.Must we start doing the jobat once? No, you ________ .
Task 3: Write the correctforms of each verb.
原形第三人称现在式过去式过去分词现在分词
1.wash & & &
2.run & & &
3.teach & &
4.buy & & &
5.lie(躺) & &
6.die & & &
7.forbid & & &
8.take & & &
9.think & &
10.watch & &
Task 4: &Translatethe following into English.
1.我很开心伯父不再贫穷。
2.由于生气，他不再说话。
3.你妹妹每天都做什么事？
4.我得剪头发了。
5.他不敢告诉他爸爸真相。
6.—你有吃的吗？
—没有，只有一些喝的。
7.我爸爸不经常做家务，但是他现在正在做家务。
8.这台机器运转良好。
9.韩寒的书很畅销。
10.玛丽去过北京两次。
Section C Tenses（时态） ( I )
Part1 Grammar Learning
一、实义动词的时态概述
动词以一定的词形变化形式来表达事物之动作或状态的时间性者称为时态(Tense), 词形变化的形式共有如下四种：
1．一般式(Simple Form)
2．进行式(Progressive Form)
3．完成式(Perfect Form)
4．完成进行式(Perfect Progressive Form)
动作或状态的时间性则可分为如下三个时段：
1．现在(Present)
2．过去(Past)
3．将来(Future)
4. 过去将来( Past Future)
这四种词形形式和三个时段可以配合成如下的十二种动词的时态。
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
完成进行式
现在完成进行式
过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时
二、常用的十二种动词的时态：主动语态
主动语态形式（肯定）
1.一般现在
主语 (非三人称单数）+ v (原形)
They work very hard.
主语 (三人称单数）+ vs. /ves
He works very hard.
2.一般过去
v-(e)d (过去式)
He worked very hard last year.
3.一般将来
主语+will / shall +v原形
I shall work tomorrow.
4.现在进行
主语+is /am /are+ving
They are working very hard these days.
5.过去进行
主语+was / were +ving
He was working at 7:00 last night.
6.将来进行
主语+will / shall+ be +ving
I will be working at 9:00 tomorrow.
7.现在完成
主语+have / has+ved (过去分词)
She has worked for 2 hours today.
8.过去完成
主语+had + ved(过去分词)
She had worked for 2 hours when he got there.
9.将来完成
主语+shall /will+have+ved(过去分词)
They will have worked on it for 10 days by tomorrow.
10.现在完成进行
主语+have/ has+ been+ ving
She has been working on it for 12 hours today.
11.过去将来
主语+would/ should+v原形
He would work on it.
12.过去将来完成
主语+would/ should +have+ved(过去分词)
He would have worked it out by the end of the week.
主动语态形式（否定）
1.一般现在
主语(非三人称单数）do+not+ v(原形)
They don’t work very hard.
主语(三人称单数）+does+not+ v(原形)
He doesn’t work very hard.
2.一般过去
主语+did not +v(原形)
He didn’t work very hard last year.
3.一般将来
主语+will/ shall+not +v原形
I shall not work tomorrow.
4.现在进行
主语+is/am/are+ not +ving
They are not working very hard these days.
5.过去进行
主语+was/ were+ not +ving
He was not working at 7:00 last night.
6.将来进行
主语+will/ shall+ not + be +ving
I will not be working at 9:00 tomorrow.
7.现在完成
主语+have/ has + not +ved(pp)
She has not worked for 2 hours today.
8.过去完成
主语+had + not + ved(pp)
She had not worked for 2 hours when he got there.
9.将来完成
主语+shall/ will+ not +have+ved(pp)
They will not have worked on it for 10 days by tomorrow.
10.现在完成进行
主语+have/ has+not+ been+ ving
She has not been working on it for 12 hours today.
11.过去将来
主语+would/ should+not +v原形
He would not work on it.
12.过去将来完成
主语+would/ should+ not +have+ved(pp)
He would not have worked it out by the end of the week.
主动语态形式（疑问）
1.一般现在
Do +主语(非三人称单数）+v原形
Do they work very hard?
Does +主语(三人称单数）+v原形
Does he work very hard?
2.一般过去
Did he work very hard last year?
3.一般将来
Will/ shall+主语+v原形
Shall I work tomorrow?
4.现在进行
Is/Am/Are +主语+ving
Are they working &very hard these days?
5.过去进行
Was/ Were+主语 +ving
Was he working at 7:00 last night?
6.将来进行
Will/ Shall+主语 + be +ving
Will you be working at 9:00 tomorrow?
7.现在完成
Have/ Has +主语+ved(pp)
Has she worked for 2 hours today?
8.过去完成
Had +主语+ ved(pp)
Had she worked for 2 hours when he got there?
9.将来完成
Shall/ Will +主语+have+ved(pp)
Will they have worked on it for 10 days by tomorrow?
10.现在完成进行
Have/ Has +主语+been +ving
Has she been working on it for 12 hours today?
11.过去将来
Would/ Should+主语+v原形
Would he work on it?
12.过去将来完成
Would/ Should+主语+have+ved(pp)
Would he have worked it out by the end of the week?
Part2 &Exercises:
Task 1: Fill in theforms.
1. 写出do 的各种时态形式
主动语态形式（肯定）
主动语态形式（否定）
1.一般现在
2.一般过去
3.一般将来
4.现在进行
5.过去进行
6.将来进行
7.现在完成
8.过去完成
9.将来完成
10.现在完成进行
11.过去将来
12.过去将来完成
2. 写出wash的各种时态形式
主动语态形式（肯定）
主动语态形式（否定）
1.一般现在
2.一般过去
3.一般将来
4.现在进行
5.过去进行
6.将来进行
7.现在完成
8.过去完成
9.将来完成
10.现在完成进行
11.过去将来
12.过去将来完成
3. 写出have 的各种时态形式
主动语态形式（肯定）
主动语态形式（否定）
1.一般现在
2.一般过去
3.一般将来
4.现在进行
5.过去进行
6.将来进行
7.现在完成
8.过去完成
9.将来完成
10.现在完成进行
11.过去将来
12.过去将来完成
Task 2: Fill in theblanks.
1.John often basketball. (play )
basketballthis morning.（play）
basketballlast Friday.（play）
basketballnow. (not play )
basketballoften in 1998. (not play )
basketballat this time yesterday.（play）
basketballat 9:00 tomorrow.（play）
basketballfor half an hour.（play）
basketballwhen I called him.（play）
basketballbefore I called him.（play）
Task 3: Change theaffirmative sentences into negative/interrogative sentences.(将下面的句子变成否定句和一般疑问句)
1.Maria likes apples very much.
2.He plays Ping-pong every day.
3.Mr. Wang watches TV in theevening.
4.We often buy lots of things.
5.Jane and Mary go to school at7:30.
6.We go to evening school atnight.
7.My brother works in a radiofactory.
8.Her name is Mei Ling.
9.You have a red pencil.
10.She has lunch at home.
Task 4: Change thesentences into required patterns. (根据要求改写句子)
1.Daniel watches TV every evening. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2.I do my homework every day. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3.She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
__________________________
4.Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5.We go to school every morning. (改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6.He speaks English very well. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7.I hate taking photos in the park. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8.John comes from Canada. (对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
9.She is always a good student. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10.Simon and Daniel like going skating. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
11.Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）
________________________________________________________
12.He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
13.________________________________________________________
14.They stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）
________________________________________________________
15.There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
16.They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)
_________________________________________
17.He has lost his book. (先变一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________
18.He has never surfed (互联网上冲浪).（改成反意疑问句）
_________________________________________
19.They have been here since2000. (对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________
20.The old man died last year.（同义句转换）
_________________________________________
Task 5. Fill in theblanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.
1.After two weeks of preparation, the products _______(be) ready now for sale.
2.Sorry for not answering you. When you called me,I_______ (take) a shower.
3.Mr. Beamer told me Oxford University_______ (rank)the first in Britain.
4.Don’t wait for me. I_______ (attend) aconference from 1:30 to 5:00 this afternoon.
5.I was told that there _______ (be) an Englishtest the next week.
6.He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year.
7._________ you
(hear) of him since then.
(rise)when we got there.
9.By 1998, I
(study)English for six years.
10. John not only learnt Chinese but also
(know)the differences between his & culture and ours.
11.Tom took no notice of what I was saying becausehe thought I (cheat)him.
12.People who cause trouble insociety and bring shame on it (be)the black sheep of society.
13.It is feathers that (enable)a bird to fly.
14.Xiao Wang (be)in the army for two years.
15.He tried every means toconceal（掩盖）what he (do).
16.I (see)you for ages. Whatyou (doing)recently?
17.It was not until then that Icame to know that knowledge _____(come) from practice.
18.No decision has been madeabout the matter yet. We ____(consider) it. &
19.Will you come and join uswhen we _____(give) a farewell party?
20.It has been about 7 yearssince they_____(marry). &
Section D &Tenses（时态） ( II)
Part1 Grammar Learning
常用的十二种动词时态的用法
状语/句型/动词
1.一般现在
表示经常发生的动作或存在状态。
always, usually, &often,sometimes, every day, every week
He does his homework &at 8:00 every day.
表示普遍真理和事实。
Light travels faster &than sound.
表示心理状态或感情的动词。
wonder(想知道)，suppose(猜想)，love，like, prefer, forget, know, think
I don’t think you are &right.
在时间、条件状语从句及让步状语从句中表示将来的动作。
when, if, before, as &soon as, unless，whether
If it doesn’t rain &tomorrow, we’ll go there.When he gets to the &village, he will write to me.
表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将来要发生的动作。
come, go , start, begin, &leave, return, stop
The plane takes off &at two this afternoon.
在see (to it)/ make &sure/ make +that 分句中，常用一般现在是表示将来时。
See that (务必）you finish the task on time.
2.一般过去
表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。
then, yesterday, just &now, at that time, last
She went out just &now.
表示过去经常发生的动作，常与always，never等连用。
always, never
He always carried an umbrella.
过去连续发生的动作。
几个动词用and 连接
The boy opened his &eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.
在表宁愿等的从句中表现在或将来的动作。
would rather, would &sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer (宁愿)
I’d rather they came &tomorrow.
表应该做什么事情了。
在it is high (about) time…句型中
It is high time you &went home.
since 从句用一般过去时。
I have lived in the &house since I came to the city.
在表示时间或条件的状语从句代替过去将来时。
We would not leave &until she came back.
3.一般将来
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime.常用动词：come, &go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等
I shall not be free tonight.Go ahead, and I’m coming.
A flower will die &without water.
4.现在进行
表示说话时正在进行的动作。
常与now, look, listen等连用
What are you doing &now?
表示即将发生的动作。
这些动词常为瞬间动词leave, go, come, start, arrive, return, sleep
She is leaving &tomorrow.
表示现阶段（并非说话时刻）正在进行的动作。
常与at present, this week, these days等连用。
More and more people &are giving up smoking at present.
表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作。
常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏,常与always连用.
She is always finding &fault with others.
5.过去进行
过去某一时刻在进行的动作。
经常与this time / at + 过去时间连用。
This time yesterday, &they were having lunch. &
过去进行时常与一般过去时配合，互为时间背景。
当这两个动作都是可持续的动作时，一般两个动词都用过去进行时，并用 while 连接。
While my father was &reading, my mother was doing house work.
当这两个动作中有一个动作为持续性动作，另一个为非持续性动作或持续性时间较短时，持续性较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个用一般过去时，并用when连接。
I was writing a &letter when he came.
6.将来进行
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，表示安排好的事。
常与this &time/ at + 将来时间连用。
They will be &discussing the problem this time next week.
表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作。
The train will not be &leaving until one o’clock.
7.现在完成
表示动作刚刚完成或过去做的动作对现在仍有影响。
already, yet, lately, &often, rarely, ever, now, just, today
I have already &finished that work.
表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去。
for, since, until &now, up to the present, so far, in the last few days
He has worked in the &company since he came to the city.
表示曾经。
ever, never, once, &twice
I have been to Beijing twice.
8.过去完成
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
常与by the end/ by+过去时间
By the end of 2002, &the factory had produced 200,000 cars.
表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作。
The old man had been &ill for a long time before he died in 2002.
表“一……就……”的句型，从句用一般过去时。
no sooner than和hardly /scarcely…when
He had hardly got on &the train when it started &out.No sooner had he &reached home than it began to rain.
在表宁愿的动词后面的从句中表过去的动作。
would rather, would &sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer
I’d rather you had &been there yesterday.
当表时间的复合句中，主句和从句一般都用一般过去时，有时也可用过去完成时
before, after, as &soon as
I went home after I &finished（had finished) my work.
用于宾语从句和when 从句中。
The child realized &that he had lost his way.
用过去完成时+不定式，可表示“过去未曾实现的希望，打算或意图”。
谓语常为这些动词hope, intend, mean, suppose, want, wish
I had meant to go on &Monday but have stayed on.
9.将来完成
表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续。
时间状语为by或by the time及by the end of +将来时间
By the end of this &term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.I’ll have lived in &the city for 8 years by the end of the year.
10.现在完成进行
表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作。
for two years, these &few days, since last night
It has been snowing &since last Sunday
重复的动作表示感情色彩。
She’s been saying &that twenty times.
已结束的动作所产生的影响。
You have been &cleaning the classroom, I think.
11.过去将来
一般用于宾语从句中，但有时也可用在其他从句，以表示两种先后发生的动作。
主句谓语为一般过去时，从句发生于主句谓语后时，用过去将来时。
They said they would &help us.I wondered whether it &would be ready.
12.过去将来完成
一般用于宾语从句中，且带有明显的表完成的状语。
主句谓语为一般过去时，从句中带有by/by the end of / for+ 一段时间
She assured us that &she would have finished the work by the end of the year.
Part2 &Exercises:
1. He ______ in theoffice presently.
A. has worked & &B. is working & C. works & &D. worked
2. Many people ______the Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi’an.
A. would never seen & &B. are neversee & &C. will never see & &D. have never seen
3. Many scientificproblems ______ solved in the past twenty years.
A. had been & & B. havebeen & &C. are & &D. were
4. S I______ her last night.
A. would notrecognize & & & & B. did not recognize
C. was notrecognized & & & & &D. had notrecognizing
5. Two of his teeth______ out by the dentist yesterday.
A. pulled & &B. was pulled & C. had been pulled & &D. were pulled
6. Only one climber______ yesterday.
A. was rescued &B. rescued &C. has being rescued &D.was been rescued.
7. They ______ if theycross the border illegally.
A. are arrested B. will be arrested & C. would bearrested & D. have been arrested
8. It has almost beenfive years since we _____ from college.
A. graduated & &B. weregraduating & &C. had graduated & &D. has beengraduated
9. All flights _____because of thesnowstorm, so many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. were canceled & B. having beencanceled &C. had been canceled &D. have been canceled
10. The train _____before he _____ the station.
A. goes, reach & B. went, had reached &C. had gone, reach & D. had gone, reached
11. Do you mind if I______ shopping with you?
A. would go & B. go & &C.went & D. should go
12. What would happenif the earth ______ tomorrow morning?
A. will not rotate & B. did notrotate & C. does not rotate & D. has not rotated
13. They practicedoften so that their handwriting ______.
A. was improving & B. would improve &C. had improved & D. improves
14. If she had startedearlier, she ______ the last bus.
A. will catch & B. had caught & C.could have caught & D. should have caught
15. He sometimes ______but he ______ now.
A. smokes, isn’t smoking & & &B. smokes, is smoking
C. smoke, doesn’t smoking & & &D.smokes, isn’t smoke
16. You ______ verytired. What ______ last night?
A. look, did you do & & & B.are looking, did you do
C. are looked, you did & & D. look, doyou do
17. You are one hourlate. We ______ for you since 1 o’clock.
A. have been waiting & B. wait & C. arewaiting & D. have been waited
18. He worked harderthan the manager ______ him to.
A. expected & B. had expected & C. hasexpected & D. was expected
19. George drinks lessthan he ______.
A. used & B. used to did & C. used tobe & D. used to
20. If I ______ young,I ______ choose to study in another university.
A. would be, will & B. was, will & C.am, would & D. were, would
21. He ______ pass theexamination if he ______ hard.
A. would, study & B. would, studied &C. will, will study & D. would, will study
22. The basketball game______ even if there ______ heavy rain.
A. would not be postponed,was & & & B. would not be postponed, were
C. will not be postponed,were & & & &D. will not postpone, were
23. If I ______ a car, I______ her to the station.
A. had, could send & B. had, willsend & C. have, would send & D. had had, will have sent
24. If he ______earlier, he ______ the train.
A. has started, would have caught & &B. had started, would have caught
C. started, would havecaught & & & &D. had started, would caught
25. As soon as I ______at the destination, I’ll call you.
A. arrived & B. have arrived & C.arrive & D. am arriving
26. He was not lookingwhile you______ the street.
A. crossed & & B. havecrossed & & &C. were crossing & &D. have been crossing
27. While I _____, I______ a knock at the door.
A. cooked,heard & & & & & B. wascooking, was hearing &
C. was cooking, heard & & & D.cook, hear &
28. We ______ foralmost an hour before the film started.
&A. havewaited & B. waited & C. have been waiting & D.had been waiting
29. I _____ this taskby 7 o’ clock the day after tomorrow.
&A. will havefinished & B. will finish & C. will be finished &D. will be finishing
30. When they arrivedat the railway station, the train _____.
A. leave & &B. has left & C. hadalready left & D. would have left
31. Will you ____ forme when I arrive at the train station?
A. be waiting B. be wait & C. waits D. waiting
32. I _____ her towrite to you when I see her.
A. will ask & &B. asked & C. are askingD. ask
33. At 3 o’clocktomorrow, I ____ in the big river.
A. shall swim & &B. swim C. shall be swimmingD. am swimming
34. When the bell_____, all the students will stop writing.
A. rings & &B. is ring & C. rang D.will ringing
35. By this time theday after tomorrow, he ____ in Washington.
A. will have arrived & B. &Arriving &C. has arrived & &D. is arriving
36. When mygrandfather______, I’ll be waiting at the station.
A. are arriving & &B. havearrived & &C. arrives & &D. will arrive
37. He ______ this penfor o it is still new.
A. has used & &B. uses & &C.had used & &D. used
38. They believed thatthe landlord ______ there for scores of years.
A. lived & &B. was lived & &C.has lived & &D. had lived &
39. William said he______ to his family soon.
A. wrote & &B. will write & C. would write & &D. has written
40. She cannot go tothe party just now, as she ______ a difficult homework assignment.
A. did & &B. does & &C. wasdoing & &D. is doing
41. John will call mewhen he ________ back from his trip to Europe.
&A. will come & & & & & & &es & & & & & & & & & & & C.is coming & & & & & & & & &D.would come
42. I ________refreshingcourses because I want to find a new job.
&A. am going to take & &B. will begoing to take &C. will be taking & & & & & &D.will be to take
43. What ________ you________ when I phoned you last night?
&A. did, do & & & & & & & & &B.would, do & & & & & & & & C.were, doing & & & & & & & D.had, done
44. The two friends_________at the gate of the park next Sunday morning.
&A. are to meet & & & & & &B.will be to meet & & & & &C. aremeeting & & & & & & & D.are about to meet
45. I have no time to accompany you there atthree tomorrow afternoon. I ________a meeting at that time.
A. am going to have &B. will have & & & & & & & & &C.will be having & & & & & D. wouldbe have
46. Mr. Smith told mehe ________ the report to the manager as soon as he ________ it.
A. would submit…would finish & & & & & & & & & & & B.would be submitting…would finish & & & & & &
C. submitted…finished & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & D.would submit…finished & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
47. Beijing University __________ a large numberof writers, economists, scientists, lawyers and so on.
A. produces & &B. produced &C. is producing &D. will be producing & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
48. It ________ quite along time before we can see them again.
A．is & & & & & & & & & & & B.will be & & & & & & & & & &C.was & & & & & & & & & & & & &D.is going to be
49. First he _______English language, and later in Japanese.
A．is specializing in &B. would specialize in & &C.specialized in & & & & & &D.will specialize in
50. He ___ in our school for 20 years and he ___ here in1977.
A. has taught, came & &B. hastaught, has come &
C. taught, came & & & & D.has taught, has came
51. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
-- Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.
A. has joined & & B.joins & &C. had joined & &D. joined
52. If their marketing plans succeed, they __ their salesby 20 percent.
A. will increase & &B. have beenincreasing & &C. have increased & &D. would beincreased
53. I _____ to therailway station as soon as the train ______.
A. had got, arrived & & B. went,arrives & C. goes, arrive & D. go, arrived
54. Mr. Zhang and MissWang ____ married next month in Shanghai.
&A. willgot & &B. get & &C. aregetting & & D. got
55. What time ____ theteacher ____ at the day before yesterday?
&A. was, left &B.did left & C. do, left & &D. did, leave
TVwhen I dropped in last night.
A. waswatching & & B. watches & &C. watched & D.is watching
57. You have beenwithin an inch of life and ________ it. &
&A. haven’tknown & &B. didn’t know & &C. do notknow & &D. hadn’t known
58. James has justarrived, but I didn’t know he _____ until yesterday.
&A. willcome & &B. was coming & &C. had beencoming & D. come
59. She gave me thatnotebook on my birthday, and I ______ it in my drawer. &
&A. have sincekept & &B since kept & &C. am sincekeeping & D. had since kept
60. When I saw hersmiling face, I knew she ______ good news of her husband.
&A.has & & B. has had & &C. hadhad & & D. was having
Task 2: Fill in theblanks.
61. She(write)home now in her bedroom.
62. This is the first time that I(hear) her sing.
63. Shakespeare
(write)a great many plays.
64. Now he is sitting next to Susan. At this time tomorrowmorning he(sit) next to Mary.
65. Electricity(play)a very important role in our daily life.
66. He says he(not,feel) well for the week.
67. By the end of next year he(learn) French well.
& & & &(wait)for you two hours.
69. Once he had given his consent, he (never, go) back upon it.
& & & (rain)hard when I left home this morning.
71. She said she felt bad because she(sit) up late the night before.
72. Biologists are predicting that they (be) able to alter genes and control heredity.
73. The wounded ________ (go) when we arrived, so we didn’tsee him.
74. We(arrive)in the city before they met us.
75. She teach French in our college for thirty years by the end of thismonth.
76. At four o’clock tomorrow afternoon, I (take) a walk in the park. Please come at five.
77. I don’t know the girl, I
& & & (never,meet) her.
78. You are not allowedto drive because you ________ (drink) a lot.
79. Hardly ________ we________ (start) out when it ________ (begin) to rain. &
80. Mary knows London very well because she________ (live) there for many years. &
81. Mr. Wang! A man is waiting for you. He_________ (be) here since two hours ago. &
82. They ________ (do)the work by the end of next month.
83. It ________ (rain) for one and a half weeks.
84. He ________(arrive) in Beijing by this time tomorrow. &
85. Nowadays more and more students ________already ________(realize) that knowing a foreign language is important fortheir future jobs. &
86. Sorry I am late.How long _______ you ________ (wait)? & &
87. It _________ (be) three years since we_________ (graduate) from college.
88. These products can be exported because the workers(test) them.
89. There is no one inthe meeting-room. They must(put off) themeeting.
90. I _________(talk)to the students for 2 hours.
Task 3: Circle the underlinedword or phrase, which is incorrect. Only one choice is to be circled:
91. By the timeeducation introduced reforms in education, there has been aserious decline in
A & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & & & & &C & & & & & & & & D
achievement in fundamental subjects.
92. By the 15th of this month they willbein Tokyo for a week.
A & & & & & & & & & & &B & C & & &D
93. They weresweatingall over because they were playing basketball for morethan two hours.
A & & & B & & & & & & & & C & & & & & & & & & &D
94. Mr. Smith is goingto Paris next week and hewould go to China later in the month.
A & & & &B &C & & & & & & D &
95. The teacher hadprepared his lessons when we calledon him.
A & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & & &C & &D
96. Although the young archaeologist has beenexcellently trained, when
he arrived at the digging site, he felt unequalto the task.
C & & & & & & &D
97. We all knewthat we would never have the equipment we have needed for our experiments
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & B
unless we madeit ourselves.
98.He didn’t heed my words though I warned him severaltimes.
A & & & & & &B & & &C & & & &D
99. Because ofEinstein’ theory of relativity, scientists never again regarded theworld as they
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & &C
regardedbefore.
100. It was an acceptedcustom in our country for men to remove their hats when womenenter
A & &B & & & & & & & & & & & C & & & &D
101. Thismorning the student was sent home from school because he iscaught cheating on an
A & & & & & & & & & & &B & & & C & & & & & & & &D
examination.
102. When he retires,Professor Jones will be teaching here for over thirty years, buthis classes
A & & & & & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & C & & & & & & & & & & &
are neverdull.
103. If thelibrary is closed over the holidays, it would be very difficultto finish the research
A & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & & C & & & & & & & & &D
104. When the policemanfound the body of that young man, he had already died forabouttwo
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &B & & & &C & D
105. Althoughthe students are disliking the material they are studying right now,their instructor
A & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & C & & & &
has noauthority to change the syllabus.
106.A study ofthe motion of objects is necessary if we are understanding theirbehaviors and learn
A & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & & C & & & & & & & & & & & & & D
to control them.
107. Since lastfall, the young researcher watched the flowers she growsrespondto the sun.
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & &C & D
108. Industrialmanagement is the aspect of business management thatwasmost prominent in the
A & & & & & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & & & & C &D
United Statesfor the past eight years.
109. The woman admittedto the doctor that her little boy had sat in the back room and ate
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & C
everything he could find.
& & & & & & & D
110. When I lastsaw Janet, she hurried to her next class on the other side of thecampus and did
A & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & &C & & & & & & & & & & & & D
not havetime to talk.
111. The changes that tookplace in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed
A & & & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & & & C &
completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientist atthe turn of the 19th century.
112. He alsoconceived that the solar system and the universe would come intoexistence by a
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & C &
natural process and would disappear one day.
& & & & & & & & & D
113. The conveniencesthat Americans desire reflecting not so much a leisurelylifestyle as a busy
A & & & & & & & & B & & &
lifestyle in which even minutes of time are toovaluable to be wasted.
C & & & & & & &D
114.From him to bereelected, what is essential is not that his policy works, butthat the public
A & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & B & C
believe that it is.
115. I’d say wheneveryou are going after something that is belonging to you, anyonewho is
A & & & & & & & & & & & & B & & & & & & & & & & C
deprivingyou of the right to have it is criminal.
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & D
116. I looked upbut was suddenly seeing a black figure climbingout of awindow in the shop.
A & & & & & & &B & & & & & & & & & & & C & &D
117. She appliedthree times before she had been finally admitted to theuniversity.
A & & & & & & &B & & & & C & & & & & & & &D
118. No sooner hadthe words been spoken than he had realized he should haveremained silent.
A & & & & & & & & & & B & & & C & & & & & & & D
119. Wherever he will go he takes the pistol with him,and he believes he can get a sense of
A & & & B & & & & C & & & & & & & & & & & & & D
120. The master hadbeen very angry and had all the slaves broughtbeforehim.
A & & & & & & & & &B & & & & & & &C & & &D
Section E PassiveVoice (被动语态)
Part1 Grammar Learning
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态指主语是谓语动作的执行者，两者为主动关系。被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者, 即行为动作的对象，两者为被动关系。例如：
1）Many people speak English. 谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
2）English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
We & & & speak & & & & & English. 主动语态
English is spoken & & &by us. & & & &被动语态
主谓 & & & by+宾语
1. 找谓语，判断谓语的宾语――变为被动语态句中的主语；
2. 判断宾语的单复数――被动语态句中的谓语单复数要与它一致；
3. 判断谓语的时态――仍保留原句的时态；
4. 修改原句的主语――变为by +宾格，可视情况省略。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,这十种时态的被动语态的表达可以列表如下：
被动语态形式（肯定）
被动语态形式（否定）
is/ am/ are +ved(pp)
is/ am/ are+not+ ved (pp)
was/ were ved(pp)
was/ were+not +ved (pp)
will/ shall+be+ ved(pp)
will/ shall+not +be+ved &(pp)
is/am/are +being+ved(pp)
is/am/are+not +being+ved &(pp)
was/ were +being+ved(pp) &
was/ were+not +being+ved &(pp)
have/ has +been+ved(pp)
have/ has+not +been+ved &(pp)
had + been+ved(pp)
had +not + been+ved (pp) &
shall/ will &+have+been+ved(pp)
shall/ &will+not+have+been+ved (pp)
should/ would+ be+ved(pp)
should/ would +not + &be+ved (pp)
过去将来完成
would/ should+have+been+ved(pp)
would/should+not+have+been+ved &(pp)
三、被动语态的用法
不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加by短语)。
Some new computers &were stolen last night.
突出和强调行为或动作的承受者。
The wounded soldiers &have been saved by the doctors.
有时主语较长，可后置。
It’s said that they &have won the match.
含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
The work must be &finished today. The watch ought to be &repaired in two days.
四、几种特殊形式
短语动词（look at, laugh at, send for, call on, carry &out, listen to, take care of , make use of, depend on, pay attention to, hand &in, put on, look up, give up等）的被动语态，不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。
The homework must be &handed in tomorrow.The children are &being taken care of in the school.
在使役动词(make)及感官动词(see, hear等)的被动式后面出现的不定式须加不定式符号“to”。
主动式：The teacher made Jack answer the question again.被动式：Jack was made to answer the question again.
有些动名词在want, need, require和介词worth后形式为主动，意义为被动。
The flowers need &watering.The book is worth &reading.
有些动词（clean, sell, look, lock, open, write, read, &wash, feel等）用主动式来表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth &washes easily.These books sell &well.
一些系动词（get, become, grow, prove等）可用来代替be，构成被动语态。
Joan was sad because &she didn’t get invited to the party.
含有双宾语的主动式变为被动式
主动式：He gave me a book.被动式：I was given a book. & & & & A book was given to me.
某些感官动词的系动词(如look, sound, smell, &feel, taste等)加形容词可表示被动意义。
These flowers smell &sweet.This kind of bread tastes &nice.
1. be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。区别是，系表结构表示主语状态或特征，不带by短语；而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作，可以带by短语。
1）The job was well done.(系表结构)
2）The job was well done by a skilledworker.(被动语态) & &
2. 有一些动词不能用被动语态。这些动词有：break out, take place, happen, belong to, cost, suit, fit,have, let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet(遇见),join(参加), fail等。
3. 宾语为反身代词时，不用被动语态，只用主动语态形式。
He introduced himself as Mr. Smith.
Part2 &Exercises:
Task1: Give the forms of passive voice of the following words: wash, build, burn. (分别写出wash, build, burn 的被动语态的各种形式)
被动语态形式（肯定）
被动语态形式（否定）
过去将来完成
Task2: Change the following sentencesinto passive voice(将下列句子变成被动语态).
1. We found some jewels in a box.
2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for arevision.
3. James has left a parcel for you.
4. You must finish the article before Friday.
5. They will not paint the house again next year.
6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7. I have told the children many times not to skate on thepond.
8. Where did he translate the story?
9. We had to repair our TV set.
10. Do they take good care of the sick?
11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12. They showed me the room where they lived.
13. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.
14. Father gave me a toy at Christmas.
15. This factory produces machine tools.
Task 3: Change the following sentencesinto active voice. (将下列句子变成主动语态)
16. Spanish is spoken in South America.
17. The plans will have to be revised.
18. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.
19. Has John been cured of his heart illness?
20. The door should not have been left open all night.
21. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.
22. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.
23. Complaints should be sent to the head office.
24. My examinations will be finished next week.
25. The car hasn’t been sold yet.
26. The children are being driven to the park at this moment.
27. This door must be kept shut.
28. Two bikes were stolen from school yesterday.
29. Three teenagers have been arrested near the Metro disco.
30. Your books are read by many young students.
Task 4: Fill in theblanks.
Our desks and chairs 31.___________ (make) of wood. Thepaper of books and newspapers 32.____ also ______ (make) from wood. Even somekinds of cloth 33.____________ (make) from it. Many people 34. _________ (burn)wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood is important in oureveryday life.
Where 35.________ wood _______ (come) from? It 36._____________(take) from trees which 37.__________ (grow) in the mountains. Do you know howit 38. ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?
First of all, trees 39._______ (cut) down when they 40.____________(grow)big enough. Then their branches 41.___________ (cut) off, and logs 42.____________(make).Theseheavy logs 43.___________(put) together in different ways and 44._____________(take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them 45.___________ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others 46.___________ &(carry) down ontrains.
Big trees 47.___________(cut)down in the mountains every year. Then young ones 48._________________ (must,plant) so that we can always have enough wood. We have to 49.__________ (takegood care of) mountains so that they 50.________ always ____________ (may,cover) with growing trees.
Task 5: Choose thebest answer.
51.Our house_____________________.
A. is getting paint & &B. is gettingpainted & C. is got painted & & & D.has got to paint
52.He arrived in Beijing, where he______his friend.
A. was met by & & & B. wasmet & & & & &C. wasmeeting & & & &D. met by
53.The war______________in 1937
A. was broken out & B. had been broken out C. hasbroken out & & &D. broke out
54.My brother and I have ________________herbirthday party.
A. been invited & & &B. beinginvited for & &C. invitedto & & & & &D. been invited to
55.It_______________this way.
A used to do & & & &B.used to be done & & C. is used todo & & & &D. is used to doing
56._________________Chaplin.
A. The child’s name wascalled & & & & & &B. The child’s name calls
C. The childcalls & & & & & & & & & & & D. The child is named
57.Mary realized she__________________.
A. was making funof & & & & & & & & & &B. was made fun
C. was being made funof & & & & & & & & D. was being made fun
58.He ordered that the books____________________atonce.
A. would be printed & &B. wouldprint & & &C. beprinted & & & & & D. print
59.He___________________by his teacher.
A. happened tosee & & & & & & & & & & &B. was happened to see &
C. happened to beseen & & & & & & & & & D. was happened to be seen
60.Great changes_______________in our province. Manytall buildings __________________.
A. have been taken place，have been setup & &B. have taken place，have been set up
C. have been taken place，have setup & & & &D. were taken place，wereset up
61.When I got to his office, I __________ thathe_________ out.
A. told, had been B. was told, was C. had told, was D. wastold, had been
62.The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They______ for too long.
A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked
63.The anti-Japanese war ______ in 1937 and it______ eight years.
A. was broken, lasted &B. broke out, lasted &C.break out, lasted D. broke out, was lasted
64.She was heard &______ an English song.
A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang
65.These boxes are very heavy to ___.
A. be carried B. carry & C. carried D. becarrying
66.The police found that the house ________ and alot of things ________.
A. had been broken into, has been stolen B. has brokeninto, has been stolen
C. had been broken into, stolen & D. has brokeninto, has stolen
67.Coal can ________ to produce electricity foragriculture and industry.
A. have used B. used C. be used D. use
68.John has never dreamed of _________.
A. taken to Athens & & & B.taking to Athens
C. be taking to Athens & &D. being taken to Athens
69.Nobody likes __________.
A. laughed at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. beinglaughed
70.The bridge ___________ will be completed nextyear.
A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building
71.It is said that tigers ________ in Asia year after year.
A. are being disappeared &B. are disappearing &C.will be disappeared D. will disappear
72.I’m going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you haveanything ____ to your mother?
A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking
73.Take it easy. There is nothing ______.
A. to worry B. to be worried C. to be worried about D. toworry about
74.Your new computer will soon become outdated,because technology _______so fast.
A. is developed B. is being developed C. has been developedD. will developed
75.I won’t go to the party unless _________.
A. invited B. being invited &C. be invited D. inviting
76.The problem ________ last week is veryimportant.
A. was discussed B. discussed C. being discussed D. bediscussed
77.We should keep the animals from ________.
A. be endangered B. endangering C. being endangered D.endangered
78.There are no rivers _______out of the Dead Sea.
A. flowed B. flowing C. being flowed D. be flown
79.This place has been destroyed. So there is nobamboo ______ for pandas to feed on.
A. left B. leaving C. leave D. be left
80.All the preparations for the task ________, andwe are ready to start.
A.completed B. complete C. hadbeen completed D. have been completed
Task 6: Fill in theblanks.
81.We could not get through because the road____________________(repair).
82.The problem ________________ (discuss) at themeeting now.
83.Her second boy ______________(send) to schoolnext September.
84.A big power station _____(build) in my home townnow.
85.Stamps______(use) by people for sending letters.
86.Must old people_____(spoke) to politely?
87.Bike mustn’t _____(put) everywhere.
88.During the Second World War many of Poland’s greatest cities, & & & &including Warsaw and Dazing, ________(ruin).
89.The old man and the children (must take good care of) in our country.
90.These children require to （lookafter）.
91.Losttime(never, find) again.
92.The subject of these lectures
(announce)by the lecture committee.
93.It’sestimated that by the end of June more than fifty thousand tractors
& & & & (produce)by this plant in the first half of the year.
94.Threebridges(build) across the YangtzeRiver since 1949.
95.Itwas not until 1866 that the first cable
(successfully,lay) by one of the strongest ships.
96.Most environmental problems exist becauseadequate measures for preventing them
(not, take) in the past.
& & & (not,see) him for ages. I wonder what he
& & &(do)now.
98.The doctor told the patient that he & & &(discharge) the next day.
99.“Have you moved into the new flat?”
“Not yet. The flat(paint).”
100. Bythe end of next month, the building
101. All the members ofthe club were present when the Chairman (elect)last week.
102. Thousands ofproducts（make）fromcrude oil.
103. The father wants toknow why his son (question)by the police last week.
104. It is known to everyone that no smoking (permit) in the library.
105. When he arrived at the hospital, he askedworriedly who ________ (operate) on.
106. A series of cultural programs (hold)in Shanghai to celebrate this largest & & & &
national sports meeting in history.
107. The design of theengineers (expect)to be approved by the committee
108. He _____(see, meet) with Prof. Smith atleast four times in the past few days.
109.The bridge _____(repair) at the moment, so wehad to take another way.
110.The professor was profound and eloquent and _____(always, listen to) with enthusiasm. &
Task7: Translate thefollowing sentences into English.
11.下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。
12.奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。
13.我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。
14.到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。
15.你的外套该洗洗了。
16.我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
17.这本书值得一看。
18.有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。
19.你的理由听起来挺合理的。
20.有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。
111. The next OlympicGames will be held in London in 2012.
112. He was told by hisgrandma that the ring should be kept well.
113. I’m busy now. Ihave lots of homework to do. & &
114. So far, the moonhas been visited by earthmen several times.
115. Your coat needscleaning / to be cleaned.
116. I was bought a newbicycle by my father.
117. This book is worthreading.
118. He was seenplaying basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.
119. Your reason soundsreasonable.
120. He was heard tosay goodbye to his friend.