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& 广东省江门市新会华侨中学教师英语论文：如何做好高考英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题
广东省江门市新会华侨中学教师英语论文：如何做好高考英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题
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英语阅读理解在英语高考中占着非常重要的地位。而主旨大意题是阅读理解中常考的题型之一。掌握一定的阅读技巧对做好主旨大意题,提高阅读成绩有着很大的帮助。
下面结合案例及个人的理解，谈谈对主旨大意题的做法。
一、明确主旨大意题的考查类型
高考英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题（topic、subject、main idea、general idea）型和标题（title）型两类。
在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要我们自己去概括或归纳。
在确定文章的标题(title)的时候，我们要以文章的中心为依托。但应注意的是，中心大意不完全等同于标题。文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。文章的标题是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。标题的拟题方式是：以话题为核心，把控制性的概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意获中心思想的词组我们可以用预测法来做这种题，比如我们可以根据选项，当自己是作者来根据所给的标题来写文章，预测自己按着相应的标题会写出怎样的文章，这样结合自己的理解再和阅读文章对比就可选出正确的答案。
二、确定文章的中心或主题
明确文章的逻辑结构对做好主旨大意题很有效果，因为文章主题出现的位置对应着文章逻辑结构中的一个部分。高考英语阅读理解中，我们应弄清文章的文体。通常说明文和议论文常以“总——分”或“分——总”形式出现。通常我们会发现有的文章开门见山，在第一段获第一段的第一句就告诉我们主体，而有些文章会的中心会在文章的最后出现。而有的文章主旨则贯穿全文，这种文章通常是由对比获类比的方法。这就需要考试通读全文，抓住每段获每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析找出文章的中心。
三、关注主旨大意题干扰项的特点
我们了解干扰项的特点，有助于迅速、果断地排除这些干扰项，从而确定正确的答案。通常情况下，干扰项具有如下五个特点：
1. 主题变大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大，超过文章实际所提及的内容。
2. 断章取义。干扰项常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3. 以偏概全。干扰项只表述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
4. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。5. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
案例分析1：
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Codeine: A New Medicine
B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
[选项分析]
本文是一篇议论文。文章的首句就是全文的主题句。本文的主题就是巧克力可以用来治疗咳嗽，因为巧克力中含有比codeine疗效更好的theobromine。后面的内容就是通过一个实验来证明这个观点。因此，本题的答案应选B。
其他各干扰项的特点如下：
A项：张冠李戴。根据第二段的内容我们可以知道，theobromine是一种刚刚从cocoa中发现的成份，这种成份治疗咳嗽的效果比codeine更好。而cocoa则是制作巧克力的主要原料。因此，codeine早就用于医药上了，根本不是一种新药。
C项：以偏概全。本文谈到了咳嗽的治疗，但这并不是文章的主要内容。这个选项的设置是典型的以偏概全的方式。
D项：无中生有。在本文中，文章谈到了theobromine可以用来治疗咳嗽，而不是导致咳嗽。因此，此项是比较容易排除的一个干扰项。
通过对干扰项的探讨，我们意识到，在做主旨大意题的时候，既可以从选择正确答案入手，也可以采用排除法，排除干扰项，从而确定问题的正确答案。
案例分析2：
Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms, in fact we are governed by rhythms.
Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhaustion. Intellectually we are also rhythmic, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary work, whether poetry of prose.
27. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Rhythmic patterns in literature are helpful to physicians and psychologists.
B. Rhythmic patterns in literature are among the natural show of rhythm in all sides of life.
C. Rhythm tends to be more accentuated in music than in poetry.
D. Rhythm tends to be more regular in literature than in other facets of life.
现在，我们来分析各选项的特点：
选项A是断章取义，所说内容不合常理。
选项B是概括了文章的主题，为最佳答案。
选项C/D是无中生有。本文根本没涉及该两项内容。
本题的正确答案是B。
结语：提高英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题的解题能力并不是一朝一夕的事，它是一种综合的能力，除了拥有一定解题技巧外，还需要我们在平时的学习中，多阅读合适的英语文章不断扩充自己的词汇量，勤做题，善于总结和反思。相信在师生的共同努力下，学生的英语阅读理解解题能力一定有质的飞跃。
参考文献：
1、蒋小青 《名师指津》广东音像出版社 2010
2、谢东昌 《新高考.全案》珠海出版社 2010
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412012& 120“”Beavers working very hard can build very good dams. However, they sometimes don't know where to build the dams because they are not able to make a plan before building dams. They should learn how to make a good plan. ( W:39)Although beavers are very good at building& good dams, they sometimes don't know how to draw up a good plan to build dams in the right places. They should learn that it's not enough to work hard. ( W:36)
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Li Yong, once a good student, became a very disappointing one. Having realized that, he carved some encouraging words on the desk to show his determination, which gave Li Hua a mixed feeling.&
( By Ou Mingxin, my best kid)The passage tells us that Li Hua's best friend, Li Yong, is good. But three months ago he behaved badly at school and one day realizing his mistakes, he carved some words on his desk to encourage himself to change.
6&& 1---- & ]&& With the rapid growth of tourism and a lag in quality of domestic tourists, China is launching a campaign to improve its tourism and overseas image.
15& 5 &&&& Advertising can help increase the sales of products. The more frequently a certain product appears in advertisements, the more famous it becomes. Therefore, the author thinks that powerful advertisements mean high sales.
&&&& People often blame things on their destinies.& In fact, according to the author, it is your attitude and character, rather than destiny, that determine your life. Besides, the author advises us to seek every chance of "good luck" to enjoy life and not worry about destiny.&&&&&1The Steps of Writing a Summary1The passage tells us that----- - --.23&Use words of similar meaningsI didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.&&&&& I didn’t catch any fish____ I was not patient.&Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentenceYou will fail. = You will ______.&Change the part of speechPatience is very important. Patience is of& _______ .&Change the structure of a sentence&Parents should give children more praise.→Children should ______more praise.&
Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.
&&& Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster..&Use the shortest possible transitions
but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of
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&Change the order of the words.&1: Omit () the details2: Omit the repetitions3: Omit the examples4: Use general() words instead of specific() words )5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
, , ;,;, , .1) 2) 3) 3054) “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
5) ()6) 7) “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”&& =“He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”& =“He was in financial difficulties.”8)
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b. The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B.&&& A…while B…
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The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email.
The essay/passage/author compares friendship& between A and B.
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C.According to the passage, we know…This article is mainly about…The writer states that…As can be learn this passage, - - -The passage says that…In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of2The passage tells us something about Micro Blogs. More and more students, like Zhai Langwei,& get face-to-face interaction with celebrities in academia and broaden their horizons4&& )&&&&& The author's father was born in a poor family and started to work at an early age. Though his career was not always smooth, he worked hard and set up his own company. The author was greatly inspired.6&& 1---- & ]&& With the rapid growth of tourism and a lag in quality of domestic tourists, China is launching a campaign to improve its tourism and overseas image.8&& && &&&&&&&& ( &&&&&&&&&&&& The Best Way to Learn&&&& The article compares the benefits of studying alone with those of studying in groups. It is good for students to focus what they are doing by studying alone and they can avoid interruption, while group study creates a more enjoyable learning environment.&12& &&&& && : (1); (2) 3&&&&&& Teenagers want to be independent but fail to express themselves, ending up with talking back or showing disrespect. Children's talking back often makes parents feel hopeless and helpless. Parents should offer support to guide their children properly. (W:37)14.& &&&& The author thinks relaxation plays an important part in life, and people feeling relaxed can easily do better in work or study, compared with the tired people. But& most& pay little attention to it, and& only after getting everything done do they consder taking a rest.(W:46)15& 5 &&&& Advertising can help increase the sales of products. The more frequently a certain product appears in advertisements, the more famous it becomes. Therefore, the author thinks that powerful advertisements mean high sales.18& 5 &&&& The passage introduces new research that a good reader is more likely to achieve academic success than a weak reader. The author concludes reading can help readers develop reading competence. (Words:30)20―&& ( &&&&& The speech tells us a true story about a Chinese student in Germany, who had great academic performances. But he was refused by several companies because of his dishonesty. It shows the importance of honesty in life.(W:37)In li Hua’s speech he said in Germany a Chinese student with great academic achievements couldn’t find a job because of his dishonesty. The story shows us that honesty is important in our life.(W:34)23-1&& &&&&&&
Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One died because he heard other frogs telling him to give up, while the other jumped out because he& thought others were encouraging him not to give up. So words have a powerful effect on attitude towards life.W:46)&&&&&&& &&&& After two frogs fell into a deep pit, one died because of his companions' discouraging words while the other mistaking them for encouraging him survived.& So the author tells us the effect of words is powerful .& ( &&&& Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One of them gave up fleeing when hearing other frogs telling them to stop and finally died, while the other thought the others were encouraging them never to give up, so he in the end jumped out of the pit.& How& powerful the effect of words.(W: 53)&& ( &&&& Two frogs fell into a deep pit. Hearing the other frogs telling them to give up fleeing, one of them did so, finally dead, while the other mistook their meaning didn't give up, and finally he made it.& How& powerful the effect of words.(W: 44)23-2&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& The Power of Words& Two frogs fell into a deep pit. One of the frogs gave up and died because others told him it was impossible to survive. But the other survived because he thought others were encouraging him. The story tells us the power of words.25&&&& 18&& The passage tells us that the art collection market in China is active now, but it is filled with fake products, which has a very bad effect on our domestic market.26&& P.155,Unit 5, Book 4)In the passageGinaa 19&-year-&old girlshared us her first experience of donating bloodin which she realized that what she did would benefit others and made her an adult.29&& & (8&&&&& After being refused to stay for the night by the villagers, a man had to stay in a nearby forest for the night. During the night, a group of robbers killed most of the villagers, but the man had a lucky escape.31& & (A hospital advertisement appearing in the text books made parents angry and caused a heated discussion/argument. Though the creator of the advertisement explained the illustration is not an ad for a hospital but shows the human love, people were still worried about it.33&& & (9&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish&& &&&&&& When Steve Jobs gave a speech to graduates, he talked about the importance of treasuring time. He& asked them to “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”, which was from The Whole Earth Catalog.36& &&&&&&&
The passage mainly tells us the definition of table manners. By showing us unique table manners in different countries, it reminds us to value table manners, avoiding Innocent mistakes.&&&&
The passage mainly tells us what table manners are. By showing readers some different table manners in different countries,& the passage& reminds people to value table manners.&& 38&&&
(12&&&&& The passage gives some examples to show that current affairs affect our daily lives greatly, which most of us ignore. So we should pay attention to the current affairs and form good habits of keeping up with them.
412012& 120“”Beavers working very hard can build very good dams. However, they sometimes don't know where to build the dams because they are not able to make a plan before building dams. They should learn how to make a good plan. ( W:39)Although beavers are very good at building& good dams, they sometimes don't know how to draw up a good plan to build dams in the right places. They should learn that it's not enough to work hard. ( W:36)
44&&&&& The passage shows that nowadays boys tend to perform worse than girls in all aspects in school, which is known as the “boy crisis”. Experts suggest that same-sex schooling may be a possible solution to the problem.47& 16&&&& Liu Xiang fell during the men's 110m hurdles heat at the London 2012 Olympic Games because of a foot injury, but he limped determinedly down the track toward the finish line and kissed the hurdle. He earned the respect from people present.4917&&& Quite a few children in the UK cycle to school so as to reduce fuel costs. Top cyclist Mark Cavendish expressed his satisfaction and hopes to make it easy for them to join in the activity.51(&&&&& According to the two reports, new measures about physical assessment among students are being considered in Beijing and Guangdong. Besides,the society calls for more attention to students’ physical quality.55&
(25)&&&& In Pakistan, teachers often punish students if they don't do well in learning. However, after participating in a training program, some teachers& realized they should change their teaching methods rather than blame the children. After making changes, the situation improved greatly. (41)56-1&
(27)The author has been devoting most of his time to reading because he thinks it is a way to relax and explore the world. Reading has been not only his hobby but also his need.58& & ()&&&&
Li Yong, once a good student, became a very disappointing one. Having realized that, he carved some encouraging words on the desk to show his determination, which gave Li Hua a mixed feeling.&
( By Ou Mingxin, my best kid)The passage tells us that Li Hua's best friend, Li Yong, is good. But three months ago he behaved badly at school and one day realizing his mistakes, he carved some words on his desk to encourage himself to change.60-1&
(2013)&&&&& The author introduces the film “The Time Machine”, in which the hero invents a time travelling machine. He also imagines where he would go if he could travel through time.(W:30 )&&&& & In the film “The Time Machine”, the main character invents a time machine, which interests the author who describes where he would go if he could travel through time.(W:29 )& The author in the passage talks about a film called“The Time Machine”. the film impressed him greatly and made him think more about the time and places he would go if he could travel back through time. (W:38 by Zhang LR)&&&& After seeing the film called the Time Machine, which is a story about an inventor building a time machine , the writer thinks about where he would go if he could travel back through time.(W:34 by Ou MX)60-2&
(2013)&&&&&& The writer dreams about time travelling after he watches the movie the Time Machine, a story about an inventor who builds a time machine to save his sweetheart’s life.62
(29&&&&&& In the passage, by filling an empty jar with different things, a professor taught his students what the most important things and the smallest things are in their life and how to arrange them properly.64
(30&&& The author thinks it easier for professional athletes' children to become professional athletes due to practice, not their genes. Therefore, he advises young people to work out a schedule and stick to it.66
(31&&&& The author used to be a rude kid. However, he got changed after he talked to a girl one day, who told him to respect others if he wanted to be respected.66 & & (&& “”&& When the author, an oversea student, was badly ill, a shopkeeper made him a sandwich and offered him hot soup. Touched/ moved by her kindness, the author decided to be& kind to others as her.
Exercise: Match the main idea with the proper skill.It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I don’t think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”&“So do I,” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?”&“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “ You see, I’ve forgotten my key.”&“Your what?” he called.&“My key,” I shouted.Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards meWhich skill: ____________________________1&2&summary, Summary:On arriving home __________ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up __________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _______________, but was found by _____________. Soon his shouting woke his wife.Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys something. It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops.Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. The voice on TV says, “ Getaway people use XYZ petrol.” The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They drive off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach. Some people may feel that clever, successful people use XYZ petrol. Some might choose that petrol every time they fill up their cars.Skill:& _______________________Summary:
.Students should think now about what extracurricular () activities they'd like to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and career interests by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people you didn’t previously know.You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people.Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways, too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you're well-rounded and responsible. Specific activities help with specific goals.The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall, wandering the hall, or sleeping all afternoon. People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad habits, like smoking or drinking.Skill:& ______________________________________Summary:
Ⅳ.Some Summary Models for Yousummary
I. “”1) because&&&&&&&&&& 2) not succeed3) of great importance& 4) be given which&&& 5) instead ofII. ---- 1.Skill1: Omit the detailsThere are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents.2. Skill2: Omit the examples.It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.3. Skill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.4. Skill3: Use general() words instead of specific () words.She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.5. Summary: On arriving home at about two in the morning, the writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell. He tried to climb towards the bedroom window, but was found by a policeman. Soon his shouting woke his wife.(40 words)6. Skill: ① (topic sentences or key wordsif no topic sentences)Summary: Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with reliable informationwhile some advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they don’t need.(31 words)7. ()Summary: The author (The passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people. (30 words)
Everyone has an experience they would not forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home.Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I could not believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “ Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understand what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.“”“”The writer wrote about his forgettable lesson from an old man while fishing on the bank of the lake. He writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
123There is a saying: breakfast is like a king, lunch is like a prince, and dinner is like a pauper. It means that breakfast should be the largest meal of the day. In many countries, the biggest meal of the day is dinner. So why does this saying advise us to eat a large breakfast instead?The answer is in the word “breakfast” of a “fast”, or a long period without eating. The gap between dinner and breakfast can be up to twelve hours, so the meal that breaks your fast should be healthy. Also , unlike your dinner, the food you consume for breakfast will give you energy to use while you are acting during the day. There is evidence that eating a big breakfast, particularly one containing whole grains and fruits, can improve your concentration and mood.Although health experts stress the importance of eating a good breakfast and having one’s main meal earlier in the day, not many people are changing their daily eating habits. For example, about twoCthirds of Americans still have their main meals in the evening. Many of the most popular types of American food, such as steak and potatoes, are full of fat and carbohydrates, which make people digest slowly.In this passage, the author tells us the importance of eating breakfast. However , many people don’t realize this point and they often start work without breakfast.13021203301――23& /////30ⅠA summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed.&& 1&& 21. 2. 3. 4. &“+” “+”
/ Ⅱ& 1 & America is the land of automobile. This country has only 6% of the world’s population but 46% of the world’s car. Right now, there are 97 million privately-owned cars consuming 75 billion gallons of gasoline and traveling an 1000 billion miles a year.& The figure also affirms something we know every time we refi the automobile is a very thirsty piece of technology. Of the total petroleum supply in the United States, 30 percent goes to quench that thirst. Every year for each passenger car, about 800 gallons of gasoline are consumed. Other aspects of our commitment to the automobile also bear mentioning here.&& It takes a great deal of energy to manufacture one automobile about 150 million BTU’s of energy. This is equivalent to 1200 gallons of gasoline, enough to run a car for about 1600 miles. We expend energy in the process of shipping cars from factories to showrooms, displaying them for sale and making replacement parts for repairs. One out of six jobs in the nation is associated with the automobile business. About two gallons of gasoline are consumed in the process of making every ten gallons that are pumped into an automobile’s gas tank.1 2 3 45 &&& From the passage we learn that the USA has a large number of cars and each& year a great deal of energy is consumed. The energy is used not only when driving cars but also when producing them.2. My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special. He never criticized, but used to praise out our best. He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.”I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return. I’ve tried to follow this principle in running my company. Dad’s also always been very understanding.At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said “Richard, when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law. And I’ve always regretted it. I wanted to be an archeologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.” As it turned out, little publication went to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bring them up in the same way Dad raised me.1 2 +3 4 5 && The passage tells us that the author’s father has a special way of teaching his children. He always praises them for their progress and explained to them what is good and encouraged them to be persistent. Because of this,the author became successful.1 Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate red with a strong feeling like anger. Red is also used for signs of danger, such as stop signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of leaves in autumn. People say orange is a lively color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of sunlight. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow, too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in spring. People say it is a refreshing color.
(2) Everyone has an experience they would rather forgetSome are embarrassingsome are movingand some teach us a lessonHere is a story of mineLast Sunday 1 went fishingAfter setting up my fishing rod with baitI sat down on the bank of the lakeBut two hours later, I didn’t catch any fishI got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back homeJust thenI saw an old man sitting near meTo my surprisehis basket was full of fishso 1 went over to himwanting to know why“Excuse mebut how long have you sat here?’’I asked “About four hours.” he answered‘‘Four hours?’’I couldn’t believe my ears“YesIt's very important to be patient”the old man said“Don’t consider fishing a tiring sportJust enjoy it"SuddenlyI understood what he saidI must leam to be patientThen I sat there and waited for fish patientlvI felt a fish touch the baitbut I didn’t move and waited to the right moment to reel it inAt lastI caught itThis made me very happyIn the following six hoursI caught over 10 fishOn my way homeI thought what had happened on the bankI gradually realized that the secret of success was patiencePart2. opinion&& opinion20opinion“”[]150It is an in-depth relationship combining trust, supportcommunicationloyaltyunderstandingsympathy and intimacy. These are certainly aspects of life that a11 of us desireBeing able to trust and relax with your friend is a big part of friendshipRemember when you were young you went with a friend to her grandma’ s for the weekendIt was fun but when you got homehome was wonderful①Your feeling was“ I am homeI can relax now” That’s what a friendship should beYou go out into the world and do your bestYou have your ups and downsyour problems and triumphsyour fun and tribulationsYou charm and perform. Then you come “home”to a friendYou can relax, put up your feetyou are relievedIf you still have to be charming andor performingit’s not a reliefFriendship is a comfortable situation like homeYou get homekick off your shoesRelax and sigh“Ahhhome”② But no one can form a friendship until heshe realizes that the basis of being fiends is meeting the needs of the other person③One must be a friend to have a friendNever forget that friends relateRelating is the basisof friendship1) 302) 120“On Friendship”a)?b)?c)?
12opinionabcabc[]opinionabcopinion According to my experienceI think friends bring me________. To me, friendship is_____________________________________. To build up true friendship , you should___________________.31a)what/who/when/where/what to learnhow2①b? E.g. To my mindfriendship is a harbor where…… ②③c e.g. be hon when he/she is in trouble, give a hand, etc.4summary(experience),(1)As to me/To me, friends bring me a lot. (2)In terms of me, friends have always been the postman bringing happiness to me. (3) According to my experience, I think that what friends bring me is not only trust, understanding but also happiness.5******* 1[] 2homework100My Opinion On Cheating in ExaminationsHow to Improve English Reading Skills[] 150I was brought up in the countryside by my grandmother. She was very courageous and inspiring woman and was very beautiful, too. In comparison with her or some of my classmates, I always felt that I was not beautiful or pretty. In fact, when I was studying in middle school, I thought I was ugly and just because of these negative feelings I was not very confident. I often felt self-conscious. One day when I was walking with my grandmother after lunch, we met one of her friends. We talked for a few minutes. Just as my grandmother’s friend was about to leave, she turned to me and said, “Xiao Wen, you look so beautiful today in that green dress.”No one had ever made a comment like that to me before. It was so encouraging. Suddenly I felt confident and happy. I couldn’t believe that someone described me as beautiful. It is true that those words turned my life around. And I admit that I treasured that green dress for a long time.1302120 abc12
1234. “”; 5. “”convenientsucceedopinionnowadaysimportantnecessarysocietysuccessfulsupportsciencefuturechanceeconomyfuture(1)As is know that…/ (2)With t/(3)Mos/(4)People are convenient to do …./(5) There are many people hold the opinion.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6
Part3. (125)150“”1)302)“”120a)??b)??c)?d)?Should China Encourage Private Cars?With the living standards rising rapidly, more and more Chinese people can afford cars. But the increase of private cars produces unfavorable effects in many aspects. I think private cars should not be encouraged in China.Private cars have to be restricted in China. To begin with, the sharp increase of private cars worsens the already terrible traffic situation in China. China has the largest population in the world. The number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building roads. Mass transportation vehicles are more suitable means to solve the traffic problems in China. However, more traffic jams will happen, which is really a public hazard to all of us. The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of buses should be increased. Secondly, private cars contribute to air pollution. A lot of big cities in China are now plagued by serious ar pollution. It people are to have cars of their own, the already contaminated atmosphere will get even dirtier. Finally, more and more traffic accidents occur due to poor driving skills of inexperienced private car owners.In short, China should not encourage private cars. As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transportation system to take the place of private cars.()()() ()1()2I think private cars should not be encouraged in China(necessaryimportanteasy)(shouldought tomust)(showproveexploreexplain)thinkThis paper tries to explain the reasons to limit the number of private cars I think private cars should not be encouraged in China To begin withthe sharp increase of private cars worsens the already terrible traffic situation in ChinaChina has the largest population in the world Secondlyprivate cars contribute to air pollutionA lot of big cities in China are now plagued by serious air pollution Finallymore and more traffic accidents occur due to poor driving skills ofin―experienced private car owners we can develop mass transportation system to take the place of private CarSparaphrase()a)? ?b)??c)?d)?1)I usually travel2)In my opinion3)It’s to limit private cars4)In my opinion, the factor that counts“”“”“”“”1. What the writer said sounds reasonable.2. I can’t agree more with what the writer said.3. I quite agree with the writer’s idea.4. I’m for the writer’s idea that …5. I don’t agree with the writer’s view.6. I’m strongly against the writer’s idea.7. I partly agree with what the writer said.8. I feel such an attitude is negative, and that it can bring…; some people argues as if it is a general truth that …;But to be frank, I cannot agree with them.1. This passage should arouse our awareness of …2. This passage draws our attention to..3. The phenomena mentioned in this passage reflects that …4. The problem talked about in this passage is worth our concerns.1. This story shows us the importance/necessity of…2. We can see from the passage that…3. It can be inferred from this passage that…4. From this passage we can know that…
opinion1In my opinion….; As far as I am concerned, …; As for me,…2I agree with the statement that…; I fully support the statement above because I am very sure…3I feel such an attitude is negativeand it can bring…;Some people argues as if it is a general truth that…; But to be frank, I cannot agree with them.
This paper tries to explain the reasons to limit the number of private carsMore private cars may cause heavier traffic jams, more serious air pollution and more serious traffic accidents.I usually travel on foot or by bus, with which I’m not satisfied because it takes me too much time. Personally, I agree to increase private cars. First, owning private cars is a demand from the Chinese people, who are getting richer day by day. Second, private cars are a symbol of a country’s modernization. However, I don’t take environmental protection as a valid reason to limit the development of private cars. We can solve this problem by using science and technology. For example, we can run cars with green fuels, and also improve public transportation systems for more efficient service. In my opinion, the factor that counts should be people’s demand of cars.
(1) Different colors usually give different feelings to people.(2) The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
1Nowadays, there are more and more ______.It is estimated that ______. Why have there been so many _______? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is _______. Besides, ______. The third one is_______. To sum up, the main cause of ______ is due to _____.It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, _______. On the other hand, ______ . All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _______.2The topic of_______ is becoming more and more popular recentlyThere are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is _______.They hold their view for the reason of _____.What’s more, ______.While others think that B is a better choiceFirstly, ________. Secondly( Besides), ________.From my point of viewI think _______. The reason is that________. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.3Some people believe that______. They think________.In my opinionI never think this reason can be the pointFor one thing________. For another thing, _________.I agree to the thought that ________.4“” Nowadays more and more people______________ has/have both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as followsFirstly______. Secondly, ________. In addition/What’s more ________.Every coin has two sidesThe disadvantages are also obviousTo begin with______; To make matters worse, _____;Worst f all_________.All things consideredwe can see that the advantages outweigh the disadvantagesTherefore _______.5:Recently_______, what amazes us most is______, it’s true that ________.The main reason is________. What is more______. Thirdly, ________. As a result, _______.In my opinion_______.For one thing, ____, for another, ___________.6In my opinion________. The good old proverb _______ remind us that______. Indeed, we can learn many things form itFirst of all______. Secondly, ____. Another case is that ______. Furthermore, ____________ .7In recent days, we have to face the problem ________, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ______ .Second, _________.In this situation, we should take some measures to deal with the situation. For one thing, _________. For another _______. Finally, ________.Personally, I believe that ______ . Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is waiting for us because ______.8Nowadays many people prefer ______ because it has an important role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, ______. Besides, _______.But every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also clear. One of the important disadvantages is that ________. To make matters worse, _______.Personally, I believe that ______. Therefore, I would like to _______.
Answers[]Friendship plays a big part in our life, just like a home where you can get relaxed. But to keep and form it needs relating and being ready to help other.According to my experience, I think friends bring me not only trust, understanding but also warmth. Once on a weekend I fell badly ill. Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no idea of my illness. I had thought about lying in bed all day. But one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me without having a rest, which moved me a lot. It is friendship that gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.As I enjoy making friends, I value friendship a lot. And I think friendship is a relationship which requires both honesty with each other and sharing.Thus, to my mind, to build up real friendship, we should make friends with those who we can trust, then take serious concerns on our friendship and always get ready to help each other.
[]The writer was once praised by one of her grandmother’s friends for her beautiful green dress. This praise not only made her happy but also changed her attitude towards herself.Praise is really magical. Perhaps many of us had such experience. Take myself as an example. I was very naughty in the primary school. Most of the teachers and even my parents felt headache of me. But it happened that I once got a very high mark in and examination and the headteacher reported this to my parents. My parents praised me crazily for this for quite a long time and told neighbors about that. I felt really happy and became polite to others. Every time when I heard others talk to me about my excellent examination result, I thought to myself that I would work even harder and made greater progress.Just as Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our wages.”
[]How to Improve English Reading SkillsTo improve your English reading , you should, first of all, choose something you feel important or interesting to read. Don’t try to read everything. You should begin with those written in simple English. Don’t read those which prove difficult for you at the beginning.While reading, don’t read too slowly or look up every new word you meet with. After reading a passage and having its main idea in mind, you may turn back and read it again. This time you read it slowly and look up some new words if necessary.Keep on reading like this and you will surely make progress little by little.
My Opinion On Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it break the rules of school. We students should be honest and try to get good marks by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, for examinations we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
[](1) As is known,……/ It’s known that……/We all know that……(2) With the development of economy,……(3) Most of the students agree with it./are for the idea that…(4) It’s convenient (for people) to do sth. ……(5) There are many people holding the opinion./who holds the opinion.“”“”120123
1 how to spend childhood&①play with…②go fishing(climbing…)2 influences from your parents&①what parents say/did……②the way which parents educate us…3 what is the happiest childhood&①stay with …②do what we like to…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1a quiet and simple live1 how to spend childhood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2I have……&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1The parents give me …so that…2. influences from your parents&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2Not only …but also…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1I consider …the happiest life3. what is the happiest childhood&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2I think…&and, and then, too, in additions, moreover…now, then, before, after, next…but,however, on the contrary …finally, in other, on the whole…1“it”1 It + be + adj. /n. +to do sth. /doing sth2 It + be + +2345get to know sb.()know sb really well ()make friends with sb ()personal matters ()share … with sb …………Friends give us… ……A good friend is someone you can ………We can turn to …when we feel down. (……)A friend in need is a friend indeed. ()
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