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必修3&Unit5&Canada-“The&True&North”核心语言知识梳理
必修3Unit5
Canada-“The True North”核心语言知识梳理
必修3-U4&Astronomy：the&science&…
必修3-Unit3&The&Million&Pound&Ba…
必修3-Unit&2&-&Healthy&eating核…
必修3&Unit1&Festivals&around&the…
课文材料附后
必背范文（校园中的乱涂和乱扔垃圾现象）P.112
Dear Mr.Headmaster，
& My name is Li Yue，a
student from Class 1，Senior Two, and now I am writing to draw your
attention 1_____ some improper behaviour, littering and
scribbling,& among 2_____ students , which makes
our school dirty and unpleasant，and does harm to the image of our
school. It is 3___
&&(clear) not appropriate for a
student to litter and scribble about, 4___ I always feel ashamed
5_____I see this. I wonder 6_____ the
school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules
against such behaviour. At the same
time，students should 7_______ (encourage) to develop good habits
and better behave 8______.& I believe that，9________& the
joint efforts of both teachers students，our school will become a
10______ (enjoyable) place in the near future.
Thank you for your consideration.
1．to　2.us　3.clearly　4.so&&
5.whenever　6.if　7．be encouraged　8.themselves　9.with　10.more
单元必背词汇
△multicultural
adj.多种文化的
quiz测验；问答比赛
n.加拿大人；adj.加拿大的；加拿大人的
△Vancouver
n.温哥华(加拿大城市)
△Toronto
n.多伦多(加拿大城市)
△Calgary
n.卡尔加里(加拿大城市)
△Ottawa
n.渥太华(加拿大首都)
△beaver
△grizzly
n.(北美洲)灰熊；adj.灰色的；有灰斑的
△polar
adj.极地的；近极地的
△penguin
△prime
adj.首要的；主要的；基本的
n.大臣；部长
minister首相；丞相
△governor
n.州长；总督
than与其；不愿
n.洲；大陆
vi.&n.聊天；闲聊
n.景色；风景
adv.向东；adj.向东的；朝东的
adv.向西；adj.向西的；朝西上的
adv.向上地；上升的；adj.上升的；向上的
vt.&vi.包围；围绕
△the Rocky
Mountains落基山脉
n.(=harbor)海港
vi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定；n.计量制；计量单位；措施
prep.&adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上
down定居；平静下来；专心于
catch sight
of看见；瞥见
△stampede
n.(美国西部或加拿大)大西部赛马会
△cowboy
n.牛仔；牧童
have a gift&
for对…有天赋
&& have a gift for
art/language有艺术/语言的天才
be gifted with
talents有才能
He is a man of many gifts.他是一个多才多艺的人。
Talent depends upon
天才靠勤奋。
prep.在…之内
n.边界；国界；边沿；vt.&vi.与…接壤；接近
adj.轻微的；微小的
adv.稍稍；轻微地
adj.城市的；市镇的
△Thunder
△Lake
Superior苏必利尔湖
△location
n.位置；地方
△the Vatican City
Sate梵蒂冈城国
vt.&vi.混合；调配
n.混合(物)；混合状态
n.灌木(丛)；矮树(丛)
n.枫；枫树
n.霜；霜冻
vt.证实；证明；批准;使更坚强；加强：
The recent
traffic accidents confirm my belief that stronger safety
regulations are
needed.最近的坠机事件使我更坚信我们需要更健全的安全法规confirm
a theory证实一种理论
confirm one's belief坚定信念
confirm a contract 签合同， 批准合同
adj.富有的
n.距离；远方
the distance在远处
adj.有薄雾的；模糊的
△Niagara
n.尼亚加拉(河；瀑布)
schoolmate
n.同学；校友
n.公用电话间；货摊；售货亭
adj.市区的；adv.在市区；往市区
△pearl
△Cantonese
n.&adj.广东人(的)；广州人(的)；广东话(的)
approximately
adv.接近；大约
n.黎明；拂晓；破晓
△workplace
n.工作场所；工作地点
n.自助餐；饮食柜台
adj.宽阔的；广泛的
Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河
adv.在附近；adj.附近的；邻近的
n.传统；风俗
vt.使恐怖；恐吓
adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的
adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
vt.使印象深刻；使铭记
impressive
adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的
1. surround&
vt.&vi. 包围，围绕
常用结构：
surround ...with
... 使……包围
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
The city is surrounded on all sides by
hills.这个城市被群山环绕。
are&surrounded by words every
(拼写不同）
surrender&&
surrounding adj. 附近的;周围的
surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物
encircled [with]& 被...环绕
I enclose here& with a cheque for 20
pounds.随信附上二十镑支票一张。
enclose herewith a cheque for 20
pounds.随信附上二十镑支票一张。
enclosed 附件
surroundings/condition/environment
surroundings意为“环境”时，要用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。
condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。
environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
She works in pleasant surroundings.&
她在愉快的环境中工作。
It’s difficult to imagine you're living in such poor
conditions.很难想像你在这样差的条件下生活。
An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s
behaviour.不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。
完型填空&&&&&&&&&&&&
by the police, the thief
had no choice but to
surrender（投降）.&&&
Surrounded&&&&&&B.
Having surrounded
&& C. To be
surrounded&&&D.
Surrounding
解析:选A。be surrounded by被……包围。句子主语the thief
与surround呈被动关系。故选A。
border&&&&&&
n. 边界；国界；边沿; 缘饰;& 任何东西的窄边
vt.&vi. 与……接壤；接近;以...为边, 给...滚边, 加边;
和...相连;和...接界
him in a border town.我在一座边境小镇认识了他。
She crossed the border in disguise.她伪装过了边境。
Her handkerchief has a blue border. 她的手帕有一条蓝边。
border a dress with
silk 用丝绸给一件衣服加边
Scotland borders England. 苏格兰和英格兰接界。
borders on China.& 印度和中国接壤。
Such an act borders on folly.&
这种行为近乎愚蠢。
the border of 在...的边界上；将要; 接近于, 濒临于
on the borders 在边界上, 接近交界处
out of borders 在国境[领地]外
within borders
在国境[领地][内]
over the border 越过国境
border on/upon与...接壤[相邻]；类似; 非常象
border/boundary/bounds/frontier
这四个词都含有“边界”的意思。
border指“边界”时，常指“边境”，即沿着两国边界的地区。
boundary指“边界线”，主要指领土的边界。
river is the boundary between the two countries.这条河是两国的界河。
Science advances the boundaries of knowledge.科学扩展了知识的范围。
frontier指“就一国而言的边界”。修饰词：常用以修饰另一个名词：
边境城镇；
frontier law.
Her handkerchief has a blue&&&&&&&&&&
, which makes it special in the
Border&&&&B.
line&&& C.
map&&&&&&&&
解析:选A。句意为：她的手帕有一个蓝色的花边，这使它在房间里很特别。border此处意为“边饰”。
measure&& vi.&vt.
测量；衡量；判定
n.［C,U］ 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施；（一定的）量，程度
常用结构：
measure A by B&& 用B衡量A
sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米
measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’s
measure给某人量身做一套衣服
take measures 采取措施
beyond measure 无法估计；极度
full/short measure 足量/不足量
in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
in some/equal measure 在某种/同等程度上
measure 或in some measure 在某种程度上：
new law was in a measure harmful.
新的法律在某种程度上说是有害的
measures shall we take to find out the thief? 我们采取什么措施抓住那个贼?
Can you measure accurately with this ruler?
用这把尺子能量得准吗?
It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his work.
没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。
take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
(1)完成句子&
①The
tailor made a
suit&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&（为我量身订做）.
②Success/Happiness &isn'
t&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(以……衡量) how much money you have.
(2)翻译句子
①我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。
②一棵高达30米的树被砍倒了。
(1)①to my
measure②measured by
(2)①Our classroom measures 10 metres by 6 metres.
②A tree measuring 30 metres was cut down.
distance& n. 距离；远方；v.
不介入，与……疏远
常用结构：
at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远
in the distance 在远方
out of distance from 离……太远；达不到
keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡；与……疏远
keep distance from 与……保持距离
distance oneself from 使远离；使疏远
My house is four miles' distance from the sea. 我家离海4英里。
What’s the distance to Beijing? 到北京的距离是多少？
The beach is within walking distance of my house.
海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。
We saw lights in the distance.我们看到了远处的灯火。
She was warned to keep her distance from John if she didnt want to
get hurt. 有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点。
After he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics.
退休后，他便尽量使自己远离政治。
distant& adj.
遥远的；远处的；久远的
mix& vt.&vi.
混合；调配
常用结构：
mix A and/with B 把A与B混合起来
mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物
mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去
be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起
The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。
Oil and water dont mix. 油和水不能混合。
Oil wont mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
mixture n.［U,C］ 混合（物）；混合状态
用mix相关短语的适当形式填空&&
①Don’t try
to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
business&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
②Mix the eggs&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
the flour.
③I don’ t want
to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
in the affair.
答案：① with②into③be mixed up
impress&&&&&
vt.使印象深刻；使铭记
常用结构：
impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by
sth.使某人铭记某事&&
sights of the city never fail to impress foreign
tourists.外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。
We were most impressed with/by your efficiency.
你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。
impression n.［C］印象；感想
impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人敬佩的
make/give/create an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象
have/get the impression that/of
有……的印象
用impress相关短语的适当形式填空&
①Father&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&me
the value of hard work.
②One candidate in particular&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
us&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
her knowledge.
③You&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
an excellent&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
④When I first met him
I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
he was a humorous man.
答案：①impressed on② with
③ impression upon④had the impression
7. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯于新的生活方式/工作等
She settled down in an armchair to read her book.
她舒适地坐在扶手椅上看书。
When are you going to marry and settle down?
你什么时候结婚过上安定生活?
settle down to doing sth.使……安下心来做某事
settle (down) in ... 在……定本居下来
settle a dispute/an argument/an issue
解决争端/争论/问题
(1)单项填空
New water wells encouraged people&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
near the wells.
A. to be settled
down&&& B. to
settle down
C. to be settling down&& D. to
(2)完成句子
Something is
disturbing him, so he
can't&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(安下心来)
(3)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
He finally settled down
to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(do) his homework.
解析: (1)选B。
固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；settle down 定居。
(2)settle down to(3)doing
8. catch sight of&
She said that she caught sight of me in the crowd.
她说她在人群中一下子就看见了我。
at first sight
初次见到时；乍看上去
at the sight of 一看见……就……
lose sight of 看不见
out of sight 看不见（视野之外）
in/within sight 看得见；在眼前
There was nobody&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&when
the man came round the corner.
sight&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
B. at sight
sight&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. in sight
解析:选D。根据句意可知,空格处的意思应该是“视野之内；看见”。in sight
看得见；在眼前。
far as& 远到，直到；至于
I’ll walk with you as far as the post office. 我会陪你走到邮局。
I’ve read as far as the third chapter.
我已读到第三章了。
as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得
as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned 就某人/事而言
far from sth. 毫不；一点也不； 远非
So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。
①&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(对我个人来说), you can do what you like.
②The problem
is&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(绝非易事).
③We’ll go by
train&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(直到) London, and then take a bus.
答案：①As far as I’m concerned②far from easy
③as far as
the distance& 在远处；在远方
We can see the mountain in the distance. 我们从远处就可以看到那座山。
Night fell, the hills in the distance turn dark blue.
夜色渐近，远处的山变成了深蓝色。
at a distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些
from a distance 从远方
keep a distance 别靠近；保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 对某人保持疏远
用适当的介词填空
①We can see a windmill&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&the
②The picture looks
better&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a
&①in②at
have a gift for& 对……有天赋
gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才的
He has a gift for dancing.他有跳舞的天赋。
Mother has a gift for making people feel at home.
妈妈有一种总让人感觉像在自己家一样的天赋。
The composer is also a gifted pianist.
这位作曲家也是位很有天赋的钢琴家。
a&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&for
music and I think you can have a chance to be a great singer.
Power&&&&&
skill&&&&&&&
energy&&&&&&&
解析：选D。
考查固定搭配。have a gift for对……有天赋。
12. rather than...
是……而不是……；与其……不如……；不愿
Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to
Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
They decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train
from west to east across Canada rather than take the
aeroplane all the way.&
They would rather decide to fly to Vancouver and
then take the train from west to east across
Canada& than take the aeroplane all the
They would& decide to fly to
Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across
Canada&rather than take the
aeroplane all the way.&
They prefered to fly to Vancouver and then take the
train from west to east across
Canada&rather than take the
aeroplane all the way.&
常用结构：
He ran rather than walked.他是跑的而不是走的。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half
price. 与其让蔬菜烂掉，他不如半价把它们卖掉。
do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A.
某人不做B却做A
A rather than
是A而不是B
would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B
宁可做A而不做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做B
would rather sb. did/had done sth.
宁愿某人做某事
than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather
than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。
(1)用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空
①Rather
than&&&&&&&&&&&&
(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers&&&&&&&&&&&&
(ride) a bicycle.
②I'd rather you&&&&&&&&
(not come) yesterday.
③I think Tom, rather than you,&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(2)翻译句子&&&
①他一路跑过来而不是走过来。
②她喜欢把一些东西保存在房间里而不是把它们扔掉，尽管大部分都是无用的。
(1)① to
ride②hadn’t come③is to blame
(2)①He came running all the way
rather than walking.
②She likes to keep things in the house rather than throw them away,
though many are useless.
13. It is so wet there that the trees are
extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
measuring over 90 metres
是独立主格结构。
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。
构成形式：
名词(代词) +
现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
①作时间状语:
The meeting over, they left the hall. 会议结束了，他们离开了大厅。
②作原因状语:My watch having been lost, I didn’t
know what time it was. 我的表丢了，我不知道几点钟了。
③作条件状语:
Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.
如果时间允许的话，我会和你一起去看电影。
④描述伴随行为或补充说明:
Mary entered the room, her hands in her pockets.
玛丽走进房间，手放在口袋里。
(1)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（原创）
①The test&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(finish), we began our holiday.
①finished
②Weather&&&&&&&&&&&&
(permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
②permitting(2)完成句子
①He came into the room, his ears&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(冻得发红).
①red with cold②He came out of the library, a
book&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(夹在胳膊下).
&②under
①finished②permitting
(2) ①red with cold& ②under his
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
A TRIP ON "THE TRUE NORTH"
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit
their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take
the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and
then take the train west to east across Canada. The thought that
they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take
them and their baggage to catch "The True North", the cross-Canada
train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.
"You're going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you'll
pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide
rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can
cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that
Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver,
you're in Canada's warmest part. People say it is Canada's most
beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make
Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in. Its
population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has
some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is
so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over
90 metres."
That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their
seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains,
they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a
grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is
famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world
come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for
riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in
After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is
quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live
within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada's
population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were
amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a
wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of
acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port
city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were
surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh
water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has
one-third of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in
the Great Lakes.
That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake
Superior, through the great forests and southward towards
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
“THE TURE NORTH”FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL
The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows
were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground,
confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy
city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so
they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and
looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty
cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south
side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over
the falls on its way to the sea.
They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball
teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said,
"Lin Fei, one of my mother's old schoolmates, lives here. I should
phone her from a telephone booth."
They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the
three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink
Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada
many years earlier. "We can get good Cantonese food here," Lin Fei
told them, "because most of the Chinese people here come from South
China, especially Hong Kong. It's too bad you can't go as far as
Ottawa, Canada's capital. It's approximately four hundred
kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long."
The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the
next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking
French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had
English words in smaller letters. "We don't leave until this
evening," said Liu Qian. "Let's go downtown. Old Montreal is close
to the water." They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and
visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat
in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a
young man sat down with them.
"Hello, my name is Henri. I'm a student at the university nearby,"
he said, "and I was wondering where you are from." The girls told
him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only
one day in Montreal. "That's too bad," he said. "Montreal is a city
with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English
and French, but the city has French culture and traditions. We love
good coffee, good bread and good music."
That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River
toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast,
the cousins dreamed of French restaurants and red maple
The reporter, Beth Allen, arrived in a northern community called
Iqaluit& in
Nunavut&& Nunavut was created in
1999 as a special area for Inuit people. Its name means "Our Land"
in their language. It is in the farthest northeastern area of
Canada, north of the Arctic Circle (北极圈), and is very cold - the
average winter temperature in Nunavut is 35 degrees below
Beth said, "I knew it would be cold in January, but not this cold!
Maybe there is a dog sled (雪橇) that can take me into town."
The quiet man who had been on the plane with her said, "I'll take
you into town,& but I don't have a dog sled. Most
people only use the dogs for competitions. Why are you visiting
Beth answered, "I'm writing a story for my newspaper about Iqaluit
- we'd like to advertise it as a holiday place, but I think it's
too cold."
The man laughed. "My name is Simon and I am Inuit," he said. "I
think it's too far north here for holidays but more and more
tourists are coming. They like ice fishing and photographing polar
bears. I stay as far away from polar bears as possible. I like my
warm office and my warm house."
Beth asked, "What do you do in an office? Don't you hunt animals
for a living? I thought you lived in ice houses."
"I'm a business man. My grandfather would live in ice houses when
he hunted in winter, but not so many people do that now. The old
men used to make one in a few hours. They used to live in skin
tents in summer - the tents were easy to move so the people could
follow the animals."
A few minutes later they arrived in Iqaluit, a town with a
population of 6,000, on Simon's snowmobile. It was two o'clock in
the afternoon, but it was already dark, and all the houses shone
with bright lights. Beth said, "Why is it so dark? It's the middle
of the day!"
Simon replied, "It's dark in the day because we are so far north.
You should come in June. The sun shines all night in the north
then. That's why it's called 'The Land of the Midnight Sun'." There
were people on the streets and snowmobiles everywhere. There were
even a few dog teams.
语法天空连词篇
　　连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and,
but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as,
both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor,
（and）then等等。
1 并列连词与并列结构
　 并列连词引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。
1）　and 与or
　 判断改错：
（错）They sat down
and talk about something.
（错）They started to dance and sang.
（错）I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
（对）They sat down and talked about something.
（对）They started to
dance and sing.
（对）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
　第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。
　第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）例如：
　　 Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。
　 = If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
　　 One more effort, and you'll succeed. 再努力一下，你会成功的。
　 = If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2） both…and　两者都。例如：
　 She plays （both） the piano and the guitar. 她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
3）　not only…but （also）, as well as不但…而且。例如：
　　　She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar.
她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
　 注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。例如
　　 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even
write some.他不但喜欢读小说，甚至还会写。
　4）　neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。例如：
　　　Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都不该受指责。
20.2 比较and和or
　1） 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
　2） 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
　 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
　 ---I don't like chicken ___ fish.　
　 ---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
　 A. and； and　 B. and； but　C. or； but　D. or；and
　 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。
判断改错：（错）We will die without air and water.
（错）We can't live without air or water.
（对）We will die without air or water.
（对）We can't live without air and water.
20.3 表示选择的并列结构
　1） or意思为"否则"。例如：
　　 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。
　2） either…or　意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如：
　　 Either you or I am right. 不是你对，就是我对。
20.4 表示转折或对比
　1） but表示转折，while表示对比。例如：
Some people love cats, while others hate
them.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。
典型例题　
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?　　
--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
　 A. and　 B. so　 C. as　 D. but　　
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
　2） not…but… 意思为"不是…而是…"，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
　　They were not the bones of an animal, but （the bones） of a human
being. 这些不是动物的骨头，而是人的。
20.5 表原因关系
1） for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
判断改错：
For he is ill, he is absent today.
（对） He is absent today, for he is ill.
so为连词, therefore一般为副词。例如：
his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 他的腿受伤了，不能上场。
I therefore I exist. 我思故我在。
20.6 比较so和
是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，
little连用，形成固定搭配。
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
such + a（n）+
n.so + adj.+ a（n）
such + n. （pl.）
so + adj.+ n. （pl.）　 such +n.
so + adj.+ n. （不可数）&&
such +n.（不可数）
so foolish　　　　　　 such a fool　
so nice a flower　　　 such a nice
so many/ few flowers　such nice
so much/ little money.& such
rapid progress
many people　　　&& such a lot of people
　 so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of
为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。
7 连词和从句练习
1. I’d get it for you ______ I could remember who last borrowed the
a. on condition
b. now that
that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
d. considering that
2. The robber told him that he had better keep silent ______ he
wanted to get into trouble
b. unless&&c.
otherwise&&d. whether
3. Strange ______ his behavior may be, there is a very good reason
although&&&&&
c. that&&& d.
4. We are worried about our son because no one is aware ______ he
a. the place&& b. of
where&& c. about the
place&& d. where
5. The professor spoke in a loud voice ______ every one of us could
a. such that&& b.
so&&& c. so
that&&& d.
6. When he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of
______ in Spain.
&a. what he had
seen&&& b. that
he had seen
which he had seen& d. he had seen what
7. It is fitted with a small transformer, by means of ______ the
voltage of the currency can be adjusted.
a. whom&& b.
which&& c.
what&& d. that
8. I don’t know why she’s looking at me ______ she knew me. I’ve
never seen her before in my life.
a. as&&& b.
although&&& c.
even if&& &d. as
9. No sooner had he finished his speech ______ stormy applause
broke out.
a. when&&& b.
c. than&&& d.
10. It is hard to avoid mistakes. ______ you correct them
conscientiously, it will be all right.
a. In the case b. As long as c. Although d. Despite
11. Geometry, ______ I know nothing, seems a very dull
a. that b. about that c. which d. about which
12. The highest temperature ______ in any furnace on earth is about
10,000 centigrade.
a. we can get b. that we can get it c. which we can get it d. what
we can get
13. We sent the horses to a considerable distance, ______ they
should disturb the children.
a. less b. lest c. last d. least
14. Sound is conducted through steel in the same manner
a. as in air b. as through air c. as air does d. like air
15. _____ he was putting on his uniform, the officer found that one
of the sleeves was torn.
a. Since b. Unless c. As d. Before
16. The police finally caught up with the man ______ was the
escaped prisoner.
a. who they thought b. whom they thought
c. they thought him d. that they thought him
17. ______ knows the name of this song will receive a prize from
the radio station.
a. Whoever b. Those c. Whichever people d. Any people
18. ______ do you believe is not about to support our plan?
a. Whom b. Who c. Whomever d. Which
19. He didn’t know French, ______ made it difficult for him to
study at a university in France.
a. that b. as c. this d. which
20. She is a fine singer, ______ her mother used to be
a. like b. that c. as d. which
21. ______, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country
a. Lover of towns I am b. As lover of towns
c. Lover of towns as am I d. Though am I the lover of towns
22. The rise of Davy was all the more brilliant in ______ he had
not had much schooling.
a. which b. that c. what d. the way
23. She always takes careful notes in class ______ she may review
them from time to time.
a. so that b. in order to c. because of d. rather than
24. The reason he was late is ______ his clock didn’t give the
a. because b. due to c. since d. that
25. ______ he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest
a. What b. That c. Which d. Though
26. I shall do the exercises ______ I have been taught.
a. such b. as c. what d. for
27. ______ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
a. That b. Whatever c. Whichever d. However
28. She was so stubborn that she never listens to the advice
a. that I give it to her b. which I give to her
c. what I give to her d. I give it to her
29. I was supposed to be a mathematics major, but I actually took
______ courses in physics, if not more.
a. so many b. as many c. a good many d. such many
30. Heat does not travel by convection in a solid, because the
solid does not move, ______.
a. so does a liquid b. so a liquid does c. so is a liquid d. as
does a liquid
31. He explained everything over again ______ anyone should
misunderstand her.
a. since b. when c. lest d. as if
32. ______ convincing an argument is, it needs support of
a. Whatever b. However c. Although d. Even if
33. Earthworms occur ______ adequate moisture and food and the
necessary soil conditions are found.
a. and b. however c. but d. wherever
34. ______ we gave him anything to eat, he would save it up for his
little brother.
a. When b. That c. Whenever d. What
35. The reason I plan to go is ______ if I don’t.
a. because she will be disappointed b. because she will have a
disappointment
c. that she will be disappointed d. for which she will be
disappointed
36.The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you
things ______ to teach you the art of learning.
a. than b. rather than c. nor d. as
37. If the design was wrong, the project is bound to fail, ______
good all the other ideas might be.
a. whatever b. however c. whatsoever d. even
38. He gave ______ came to the store a pamphlet in which his
products were described.
a. who b. those c. whom d. whoever
39. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication
______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
a. in that b. in order that c. in which d. that
40. Fox was advised to give the assignment to _______ he believed
had a strong sense of responsibility.
a. whom b. whomever c. whoever d. that
41. The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting ______
he would not step down form his position as chairman.
a. in which b. where c. because d. that
42. ______ Ms. Wang reached the post-office, she discovered she had
left the letter at home.
a. Just as b. Because c. As long as d. When as
43. The first step in preparing such a program is to draw a flow
chart, ______ are shown opposite.
a. two examples of it b. two examples of which
c. whose two example d. which two examples
44. ______ the world began, nations have had difficulty in keeping
peace with their neighbors.
a. Although b. When c. Until d. Ever since
45. ______ difficulties we may come across, we will help one
another to get over them.
a. Whatever b. Whichever c. However d. What
46. He went to work so late ______ the manager had to send for him
again before he arrived.
a. as b. that c. for d. when
47. ______ you return those books to the library immediately you
will have to pay a fine.
a. Until b. If c. Unless d. Provided
48. The rose may grow as a low bush or as a tree, depending on
a. what it is trimmed b. how it trimmed c. that is trimmed d. how
it is trimmed
49. Group work is a method of teaching ______ tasks and activities
are carried out by small groups of pupils.
a. which b. that c. for which d. in that
50. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the
time ______.
a. when he first introduced b. that he first introduced it
c. he first introduced d. which he first introduced
2 B 20 C 38 D
3 D 21 A 39 A
4 B 22 B 40 C
5 C 23 A 41 D
6 A 24 D 42 A
7 B 25 B 43 B
8 D 26 B 44 D
9 C 27 B 45 A
10 B 28 B 46 B
11 D 29 B 47 C
12 A 30 D 48 D
13 B 31 C 49 D
14 B 32 B 50 B
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