英语现在完成时什么时候用have/has been,什么时候用have/has 动词过去分词.我一直搞不清出,要是能把现在完成时的规律告诉我更好了,_百度作业帮
英语现在完成时什么时候用have/has been,什么时候用have/has 动词过去分词.我一直搞不清出,要是能把现在完成时的规律告诉我更好了,
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一、从结构上区别现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式）Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）(二)从时间状语区别现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”.过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”.注意：当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语.例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗?Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的,我刚吃完.I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了.Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗?The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时,会议已经开始了.We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词.They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作.I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了.I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作.We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信.They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了.(三)使用时注意事项使用现在完成时应该注意：1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 “有”.例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗?Yes, I have. 是的,我有.Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗?No, he hasn’t. 不,他没有.2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”. have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可.例如：— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗?— Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的,他去过好几次了.— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了?— They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了.3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中.这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等.但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词.例如：arrive, come → be here, be inbegin, start → be onbuy → havedie → be deadfall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill)finish, end → be overget to know → knowget up → be upgo out → be outjoin → be in , be a + 名词leave, move → be away, be out of使用过去完成时应该注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时.例如：When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌.After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子.---------------------------------------------------现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：现在完成时着眼于现在,强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果,或是由过去持续到现在的动作.I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了!）We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达的是“过去的过去”,即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时.运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作,一定要注意这点哟!Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟!）We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.（“上期期末”已过去,而是在其前“学”的就更过去了!）-------------------------------------------------------现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响.如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林.(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去时间状语连用.如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑.（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）3. 两种时态的区分（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”.如：（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用.看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?① Have you seen the film?（A）Did you see the film?（B）[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容.② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式.③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）[说明]他在北京住了8年.（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去.(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了. 祝学进步,不懂随时追问 望采纳
那什么时候用have been，什么时候用have 过去分词
have的过去时 也就是过去完成时be只是个动词 been变成了分词也就是说这里的形式是 had 加过去分词 表过去完成时。如果用原型做一下这个句子就是it is horrible all day
不要想复杂了现在完成时结构：have+过去分词He has been to Beijing.这句话中be to表示 去过…… 的意思，所以have+过去分词，be→been现在完成时被动语态结构：have+been+过去分词而被动语态结构：be+过去分词
,完成时中be 变成了beenHe has been taug...
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）　　 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.②否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.（末尾用问号） 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语...
看时态标志，去Baidu一下就行了，比如：现完 现在完成时强调对现在产生的结果或影响。看到
already已经
never从不绝不
ever曾经。。。。。。这些就用现完看到过完的标志就用过完
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二、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成形式是：“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”
⑴肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+…
Some students have finished reading the book. 有些学生已经读完了那本书。
My life has changed a lot in the past few years. 最近几年我的生活变化很大。
⑵否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+…
I haven't heard of the Taiwan Earthquake. 我没听说过台湾大地震。
He hasn't&come back yet. 他还没有回来。
⑶一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…?
你吃了我的食物吗?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&-- 是的，我吃了。（不，我没吃。）
他已经离开这里了吗？&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&-- 是的，他离开了。（不，他没离开。）
⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…?
How many times have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京多少次了？
How long has she been at this school? 她在这个学校多久了？
三、现在完成时基本用法
⑴表示动作到现在为止已经或刚刚完成，同时对现在产生影响或结果。
They have built a new cinema in their home town. 他们在家乡建起了一家新电影院。
She has gone to the school library. 她到学校图书馆去了。
⑵表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与since或for引导的时间状语连用。
例如： 她学习英语已有5年了。
We have known each other since we came to this school. 自从来到这所学校，我们就互相认识了。
⑶表示继续到现在的完成时，当主句的主语为"it"时，常用下列句型表达：It is/has been+若干时间+since+主语+一般过去时。
It is/has been six years since I entered&Pudong Middle School. 我进浦东中学已经6年了。
四、与现在完成时连用的时间状语
⑴现在完成时态常与副词just和before连用。
He has just finished his composition. 他刚写完作文。
I have been there before. 我以前去过那里。
⑵现在完成时态可以与表示不确定的时间副词连用，如：already（已经），always（始终），never（从不），ever（曾），not … yet（还没有），several times（几次），in one's life（在某人的一生中）等。
They have already done their homeworks. 他们已经做完了家庭作业。
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗？
火车还没有到。
She has been to Nangjing twice. 她去过南京两次。
⑶现在完成时态可以与包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：now（现在），today（今天），this year（今年），lately（最近），recently（近来）等。
Now he has posted his letter. 现在他已把信寄了。
Have you read any newspapers today? 今天你看过报纸吗？
I have bought a new car recently. 我最近买了辆新车。
⑷现在完成时态常与由for引导的短语或since引导的短语或从句连用。
I have taught English for twenty years. 我教英语已有20年了。
Mr. Brown has worked in Beijing since 2000. 自从2000年以来，布朗先生一直在北京工作。
She has lived in this city since she was born. 自从出生以来她一直住在这个城市。
五、使用现在完成时的注意事项
⑴现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
我看过这部电影了。（“我”了解这部电影的内容）
我上星期看的这部电影。（表明是在上周看过电影，不涉及现在的情况）
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、造成的结果等，而一般过去时则表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。
⑵短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。
短暂性动词（也叫瞬间动词或非延续性动词）表示的动作瞬间结束，不能再延续，因此不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。可作以下互换：
六、现在完成时态常见误区
（1）have(has) got& 形式上是现在完成时，实际上和一般现在时的意思相同，汉语意思为“有”，只是英、美式英语不同的习惯用法。"是，"是。
Have you got a book?（英式）=Do you have a book?（美式）你有一本书吗？
（2）如果现在完成时的谓语动词是短暂性动词的否定式，则可以和表示一段时间的短语for连用。因为瞬间动词的这种否定构成一种状态，而这一状态时是可以持续的。
例如： 我很长时间没见过他了。
（3）have gone (to)与have been (to)的区别。
表示“到某地去了”，还在那里或在半路，但不在此地了。表示“去过某地”，现在在这里。
he has gone to Shanghai. 她去上海了。（在上海或在路上）
I have been to Japan twice. 我去过日本两次。
（4）在since引导的从句中通常用一般过去时，而主句一般用现在完成时。
I have lived in Shenyag since I was born. 我出生以来一直住在沈阳。
当主句表示“有多长时间”时，动词也可用一般现在时。
It is/has been just a month since we arrived here. 我们到这儿才刚刚一个月。
（5）在使用this morning，this afternoon，this summer等时间状语时，如说话时间仍在此范围，则用现在完成时，否则要用一般过去时。
aven't seen her this morning. 今天早上我一直没见到她。(现在仍是上午)
今天上午我没见到她。(现在已不是早晨或上午了)
（6）since和for的区别&& since和for是与现在完成时最常用的两个词，也是最容易犯错误的地方之一。下面我们来对比说明since和for的不同含义。
①since用来说明动作的起始时间，表示从那一时刻到说话时为止；for用来说明动作的延续时间长度。也就是说，since是从某时间开始算，而for是指多长时间。注意比较：
我从出生起就住在这儿。
②并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。注意对比下面两个句子：
I lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了多年。（言外之意是“我“现在已不在这里住了。）
我在这里住了很多年了。（言外之意是现在“我“仍住在这里。）
③since在句中既可以做连词引导从句，也可以做介词形成短语，本身还可以做副词直接修饰谓语动词。下面介绍一下since的四种用法：
1)“since+过去某时间点”，这里的时间点可以是具体的年、月、日、时等。
I have been here since 1999. 我自1999年起一直在这儿。
2)“since+一段时间+ago”表示“自……时间前开始至今”。
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这已经有5个月了。
3)“since+从句”。
例如： 自从你离开以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。
4)“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句”。
例如： 我参军有两年了。
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{list wl as x}{/list}现在完成时专项训练
&&& 现在完成时专项
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去　但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或　状态。其构成：
have (has)
+过去分词。不少同学对现在完成时的用法感到困惑，下面我们来对现在完成时的用法以及现在完成时与一般过去时的区别做一个详细分析。现在完成时常与不确定的过去时间状语，如：just,
yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示濒度的时间状语连用，如often, ever,
never, sometimes, twice, on several
occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, today, this morning, this year,
this month等，但不能同特定的时间状语连用（in 1993, last year等）。
（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
&如： Have you read that story？
你读过那个故事吗？
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bought two apples．
&我买了两个苹果。
（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
如： I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just
had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English
song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。 We have never
heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。
（二）表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
& 1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay,
study, wait, keep, have… 等；
2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：
for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。
如：for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three
years ago, since two months ago等。
since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。
如：We have known each other since we went to college.
3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，
come→be,&&&&
come to→be in / at,&& go out→ be
out,&& leave→be away,
begin→be on,&& stop→ be
over，&&&&
have,&&&&&&
borrow→ keep,
open→be open,& close→be
closed,&&&&&&&&
join→be a member of,
die→be dead,&& catch a
cold→have a cold,&& get to
know→know,
become a teacher →be a
teacher,&& fall asleep→be
asleep,&&& fall
ill→ be ill等。
4、句型It is the first （second, third...) time
that...的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。
如：It is the first time that I have been here. 用于This/That/It is
the first(second…) time that…句型中。如：
It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city.
这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。
■用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that…句型中用在“It(This) is(will be
) the first/second/third…time+ that从句”中
在这种从句中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that-从句的动词用现在完成时，that
可以省略。主句中的主语还可用this, this evening等;
这种结构中的first也可用其他序数词；time也可由其他名词替代。
-Do you know our town at all?你对我们城镇熟悉吗？
-No, this is the first time I have been here.不熟，这是我第一次来这里。
It's the first time I've been here.这是我第一次到这里来。
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。That’s
the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。
It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) +
名词+从句”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时
&This is the best film I’ve ever
seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影。
&This is the most interesting novel he has ever
written.这是他写得最好的一部小说。（三）现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。
如： He visited Guilin in 1998.
他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)
2、 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如： Jill has bought a new computer.
吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
　3、 两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。
(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago,
just now, in 2002等；
而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week,
since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
　　（3）看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
　　① Have you seen the film?(A)
　　　 Did you see the film?(B)[说明]
你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
　　② How has he done it?(A)
　　&& How did he do it?(B)
　　[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
　　③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
　　&& He lived in Beijing for 8
　　[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。
5.几点注意事项
　　(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have
been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have
gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several
times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
　　He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
　　(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since
his father died. =His father has been dead for two
years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
　　(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
　　如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years
since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。
&在表达一个在过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时。这样的动词有expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work等
How long have you learnt English？你学习英语多久了？
How long have you been learning English？（译文同上。）
He has slept for ten hours．他已经睡了十个小时了。
He has been sleeping for ten hours．（译文同上。）
It has snowed for a long time．雪下了好长时间了。
It has been snowing for a long time．（译文同上。）
没有进行式的动词不可能有这样的用法，即现在完成进行时不能代替以下例句中的现在完成时：
They’ve always had a big garden．他们一直有一座大花园。
How long have you known that？你知道这事多久了？
He’s been in hospital since his accident．
他从发生事故之后，一直在医院里。
注意：现在完成进行时可以和时间短语连用，也可以不连用，这一点就有别于现在完成时，因为后者与像for six days，since
June，never等一些时间短语连用才能表示这类动作。不用这些时间状语时，现在完成时指的是完成了的一个动作。
B 用现在完成时表示的反复的动作，有时可以作为连续的动作用现在完成进行时表示：
I’ve written six letters since breakfast．早饭后我已经写了六封信。
I’ve been writing letters since breakfast．早饭后我一直在写信。
I have knocked five times．I don’t think anyone’s in．
我敲了五次门。我想屋里没有人。
I’ve been knocking．I don’t think anybody’s in．
我一直在敲门。我想屋里没有人
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作：
I have read the book. 我读过这本书。I have been reading the book.
我一直在读这本书。
【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach,
stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)：
How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了？
I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
&(2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感****彩：
I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时：He has
lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris.
他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
&(4) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时：
I’ve only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。They’ve been married
for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
&(5) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替：
The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。
The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。
现在完成时专项练习
一、 单项选择。
1、Both& his parents look sad .
Maybe& they& ______what's
happened to him .
D.will know
2、He& has& _______
been& to& Shanghai ,
has& he ?A. already& B.never
C.ever D.still
&& 3、Have&
you& met& Mr& Li
______？& A.&
just&& B.&
ago& C.before&&
D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
writing&&&
writing&&&&&&&
C.wrote&&&&&&
D.has& written
5、—Our country& ______ a lot so far .
&& —Yes . I hope it will be
even ______ .
well& B. good C.
better& D. better
&& 6、Zhao Lan
______already& ______in this school for two years
studying&&&&&
B. study& C.
studied&&&&&&
D. studying
&& 7、We ______
Xiao& Li& since&
she& was& a&
little& girl .
known&&&&&
known&&&&&
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
A.will& see&
B.have& seen
C.saw&& D.see
9、—These& farmers&
have& been& to&
the& United& States .
—Really ? When _____& there ?
& A. will&
B.& did& they&
go& C.& do&
they& go& D.&
have& they& gone
10、—______ you ___ your&
homework& yet ?
&& —Yes . I
_____& it& a&
moment& ago .
& A.D finished&
B.H finished
& C.H have&
finished&& D.
11、 His& father& ______
the& Party&
since& 1978 .
joined&&&&
D.& has& been&
&& 12、—Do you know him well
& —& Sure .We _________
friends since ten years ago .
were&&& B. have
been&&&&&&
become&&&&&&
D. have made
&& 13、—How long have
you& ____ here ?
& —About two months .&
gone&&&&&&&&&
come&&&&&&&
D.& arrived
&& 14、Hurry&
up! The& play __________ for&
ten& minutes .
& A.& has&
B.& had& begun&
C.& has& been&
15、 It& _____ ten&
years& since&
he& left& the&
is&&&&&&&&&
has&&&&&&&&&&&
will&&&&&&&&&&
16、 Miss& Green&
isn't& in& the&
office . she_______& to&
the& library .
went&&&&&&&
go&&&&&&&&&
D.& has& been
&& 17、My&
parents ______& Shandong&
for& ten& years .
& A.& have&
been& in& B.
have& been& to&
C.& have& gone&
D. have& been
18、The students have cleaned the
classroom,&&&&&
D. haven’t they
19、&&&&&&&
has Mr White been a member of Greener China since
A. How soon,
B. How often, got& C. How long,
came&& D. How far, arrived
&&&for more than
A. has come here& B. has started to work C. has
lived there& D. has left the university
21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20
left&&& B. had
left&& C. has been
D. had been away
22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.& A.
joined&&& B.
have joined&& C. have been in
23.The factory ____ since the February of
1988.& A . has been open& B. has
opened& C. was open& D.
24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in
2000.& A. have made B. have been C.
made& D. have become
25.You mustn't_____ until he comes
back.&& A. be
leave&& C. be left
26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has
finished&& B. has
ended& C. has been over
27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5
years.& A. has been in& B. has
come to& C. has taught
28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .& A. has
been& B. has become& C.
29. I ______ home for a
week.&&& A. have
returned&& B. have been
back&& C. returned
30. How long _______ he ________ ?& A.
died&&& B. has,
died&& C. has, been dead
31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A.
slept&&& B. was
sleeping&& C. has
sleep&& D. had slept
32.He ________ the car for a
week.&& A.
bought&&& B. has
bought&& C. has
33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two
weeks.& A. did
fall&& B. have,
fell& C. have, been
34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.& A. has
left&& B. has moved
away&& C. has been away from
35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2
borrow&& B.
keep&& C. take
36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so
far.& A. has
stopped&& B.
stopped&& C. has been
37.Are you _____ the jacket these
days?&&& A.
wearing&&& B.
putting on& C.
dressing&& D. on
38.He ________ for 2 hours.& A. got
up&& B.& has got
up&&& C. has
39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several
days.&&& A.
is& B. catches& C. has
caught& D. has had
40.----- How long can I ______ the
&------ Two
weeks.&&&&&&&&&
A. borrow&&& B.
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never
surfed,&&&&&&&&&&&
?（改成反意疑问句）&
2、They have been here since 2000.&
(对划线部分提问)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
have they been here?
3、The old man _______ last year.
He&&&&&&&&&&&
for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
factory&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.& (同义句转换) Miss Gao
_____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
& Her& mother _______
the& Party&
three& years& ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
&&& _______
two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.
(把两个句子合并成一个句子)&&
&___________________________________________&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？
现在完成时与中考选择填空。
1．I_______ &a letter from him since he
left．（天津市）
&A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have
D．haven't heard
2．—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have to Dazhu with my
friends．（重庆市）
&A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been
D．gone；gone
3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市） A．bought B．borrowed
C．had D．lent
4．—Where's Peter？ —He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市） A．is going B．has
been C．has gone D．went
5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______
？（河北省）
& A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't
6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．since
C．before D．after
7．—I have watched the game． —When you _______ it？（长沙市）
& A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch
D．will；watch
8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ —Oh，I _______ such a
beautiful city．（江西省）
& A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't
visited D．hadn't visited
9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit
them once a week．（广州市）
&&A．don't feel B．hasn't felt
C．haven't felt D．didn't feel
10．My grandfather_______& in the small town all
his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）
& A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is
11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）
& A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has
12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to
Yunnan．（昆明市）
&& A．after B．before C．since
13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西） A．was died B．has been
dead C．was dead D．has died
14．—Have you ever_______& to Haikou？
—Yes，I_______& there with my family last
August．（海南省）
& A．gone；went B．been；went&
C．been；went to D．been；was in
15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll
return next year．（合肥市）
& A．left B．has left& C．has
been away D．has been away from
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so&
far（到目前为止），in& the& past/“last +
一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three&
times（三次），several&
times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday
, last& week , a&
moment& ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
16、“have/has& gone& to +
地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has&
been& in +
地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has&
+地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。
二、句型转换。
he?&&&&&&&&&&&&
long&&&&&&&&&&&
3、died, has been dead&&
4、has been
open&&&&&&
5、has been
away&&&&&&
6、joined；ago
since&&&&&&&
8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
（Key：1—5BBCCB 6—10BCCCC 11—15BCBBD）
(现在完成时和现在完成进行时)
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have
(has) +过去分词
二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：
1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。
&& The disappearance of Justin
has made Kelly very
unhappy．(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)
2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
&& I haven’t seen Justin since
last Friday night．(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过
3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。
&& The boy has already come
home．(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)
4、表示刚结束的动作。
&& The police have just finished
searching the area．(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查)
5、表示反复发生的动作。
&& Some villagers say that they
have seen UFOs many times．(村民们曾多次看到UFO)
三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1、表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately
never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。
&& The boy has already come
home．男孩已经来家了。
&& I haven't heard anything from
him yet/ recently／lately.
&近来，我没收到他的任何信件。
&& The police have just finished
searching the area．警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。
&& I've met the old man somewhere
before．我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。
2、表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用for／since短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。
& We haven't seen him for two years／since
2002．我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。
& We haven't seen him since he left
Nanjing．自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。
3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+times、recently和lately等。
&& Some villagers say that they
have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．
一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。
四、用于现在完成时的句型：&
1) It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,
用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：
&&& It is the
first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
&&& It was
the third time that the boy had been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。
2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that…结构,
that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：
　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
& You are the most creative man that I have
ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。
&3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
& It has been/ is a long time since I last came
to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。
I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than
twenty years ago, and I have been there ever
since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。
注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错) I have received his letter for a month.
(对) I received this letter a month ago.
(对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
说明动作起始时间
I have lived here since I was born.
自从出生以来我一直住这儿。
说明动作延续时间长度
I have lived here for more than 20 years.
我已经住这儿20多年了。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时
现在完成时
过去发生的动作或单纯叙
述过去的事情, 强调动作
过去发生的事情对现在
的影响, 强调的是影响。
have/ has done
yesterday, last week, …ago,
in1980, in October, just now
等具体的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
up to now, in the past/ last … years
等不确定的时间状语
come, go, leave, start, die,
finish, become, get married,
move, join等非持续性动词
live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, be
away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延续性动词
注意：由when, where等引导的特殊疑问句，较少使用现在完成时，常用
一般过去时。
&现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：
现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:
have (has) +been + doing
I have been learning English for three years.
(学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)
I have been waiting three hours for you.
(等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)
二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：
1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
& I have not been sleeping well since I returned
home．(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)
2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
& Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long?
(凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
& Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for an hour．
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：
We have been cleaning the classroom．我们打扫教室来着。
其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。
We have cleaned the classroom．我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可
以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
表示事件或动作刚结束
强调动作仍在继续
have (has) +过去分词
have (has) +been + doing
表示反复发生的动作，
提问时用how many times
表示持续的、不间断的动作，
提问时用how long
用表示状态或动作的动词做谓语
只能用表示动作的动词做谓语
注意：现在完成时的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever这样的词，
而现在完成进行时的句子中则不可以用这样的词。
Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)
Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海伦仍在读)
------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
------I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)
------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?
------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.
(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过)
I have had this camera for five years．(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示动作的动词)
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.
(taking是表示动作的动词)
I’ve never visited Paris. 我从未参观过巴黎。
I've already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。
. 选择填空
1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?
& John: Yes, I
research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.
C. have been
making&&&&&
D. have made
2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he
an actor for several years.
worked&&&&
worked&&&&&
worked&&&&
D. had been worked
3. Now that you
famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?
are&&&&&&&&&
were&&&&&&&&&&
D. had been
4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.
& Miss. Huang: So you are. You
the documents all day.
working&&&&&&
worked&&&&
working&&&&
D. have been working
&&&&&&here
three days ago.
& Andy: What
&&&&&&these
A. did you
do&&&&&&&&
B. have you done
C. will you
D. have you been doing
6. Annie: I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
& Michael: Oh, not at all. I
&&&&&&here
only a few minutes.
B. had been&&
7. You don’t need to describe her. I
several times.
have met&&
8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?
&&&&&&here
for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.
&&&&&&&&C.
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison ()
world leading inventor for about sixty years.
& A. would be&
10. Billy:
sport meeting might be put off.
&& Paul: Yes, it all depends
on the weather.
& A. I’ve been told
I’ve told&&&
&&&C. I’m
11. Johnson: What bad luck that we
football match in the last 3 minutes.
&& Thomas: Especially when we
hard in the past years.
&&&&&&&&&&B.
had rained
have been training
12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.
&& Mary: I
&&&&&&coming
to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.
of&&&&&&&&
thought of
C. have been thinking
have thought of
13. Tom: Miss Jones
&&&&&&music
at Eton School for ten years.
&& Sarah: No wonder I often
hear her singing in her garden.
teachers&&& B.
used to teach&
teaching&&&&
D. has been teaching
14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we
&&&&&&here
for over half an hour and nobody
order yet.
&& John: I suppose you are
&&&B. have been
15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they
&&&&&&their
experiment.
& A. finished&
have finished&
finished&&&&&
D. will finish
16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I
&&&&&&time
to play since the new year.
&&&B. don’t
&&&C. haven’t
D. don’t have had
17. By now students in Grade One
&&&&&&1,700
English words and phrases.
&&&A. should
learned&&&&
C. learned&&
&&&D. learn
history this time yesterday. Now I
my work for today.
done&&&&&&
&&&&&&unexplained
things recently and I even
&&&&&&some
& A. h have
started&&&&&&&
B. had started
have been starting&& D. have been
have started
20. Tom: Where have you been? I
the whole day.
&& Kate: I was in the library
reading magazines.
&&&A. have
been telephoning&&
&&&&&&&&B.
had telephoned
telephoned&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
was telephoned
21. The boss
when and where to take her paid holiday.
decided&&& B.
didn’t decide&&&
C. hasn’t
decided&&& D.
hadn’t decided
22. Jane: How are you today?
&& Ben: Oh, I
&&&&&&this
ill in a long time.
&&&A. didn’t
B. wasn’t feeling&&
&&C. don’t
feel&&& D.
haven’t felt
23. Shirley
book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has
finished it.
24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.
&& Tracy: I am tired. I
living room all day.
painted&&&&&&&
painted&&& C.
have been painting&& D. have
25. I don’t really work here. I
&&&&&&until
the new secretary arrives.
& A. just help
have just help out
& C. am just helping out&
will just help out
26. The price
but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.
will go down&
&&&C. has gone
&&D. was going down
27. I wonder why Jenny
recently. We should have heard from her by now.
&&&A. hasn’t
written&&& B.
doesn’t write&&
&&&C. won’t
&&D. hadn’t written
28. The high building is reported to
&&&&&&down
last month.
&&&B. have been
&&&D. have
29. & Who is Jerry Cooper?
I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.
& A. Don’t you meet him
Didn’t you meet him yet
& C. Haven’t you met him
Hadn’t you met him yet
washing machine the whole morning. I must get t done before
& A. have repaired&
am repairing&
will repair&&
&&&D. have been
31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago.
&&&&&&well
since then.
& A. haven’t been
sleeping&&
&&&B. haven’t
&&C. didn’t sleep
don’t sleep
32. Experts
Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still
&&&&&&one.
& A. haven’t been
finding&&&&&&
B. haven’t been found
haven’t been
found&&&&&&&&
D. haven’t found
&. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The aliens say they come from zeton and
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(travel)
for 2 years
2. How many times
&&&&&&&&&&&&&you
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(swim)
in the sea?
3. How long
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&the
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(play)
computer games?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(visit)
this national park twice this month.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(tour)
Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.
&&&&&&&&&&&never
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(read)
any book about Stonehenge before.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(read)
a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll get
through soon.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(not
be) so delighted since I
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(enjoy)
myself last.
9. But no evidence of life
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(discover)
in any of these planet so far.
10. & Will someone go and get Dr. White?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&already
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(send)
答案BAADD ；ABDCA ；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；
1．& have been traveling& 2.
swum& 3. been playing 4. have visited
5 . have been touring
6. read& 7. has been
reading& 8. enjoyed 9. has been
discovered 10. been sent
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