在线中文翻译英文
在线中文翻译英文
一、交际语言的差异 日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“吃了吗？” “上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感。可对西方人来说，这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活。在西方，日常打招呼他们只说一声“Hello”或按时间来分，说声“早上好！”“下午好！”“晚上好！”就可以了。而英国人见面会说：“今天天气不错啊！” 称谓方面，在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。但在西方，“直呼其名”比在汉语里的范围要广得多。在西方，常用“先生”和“夫人”来称呼不知其名的陌生人，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等。在家庭成员之间，不分长幼尊卑，一般可互称姓名或昵称。在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字。对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”，对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”。这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会被认为不懂礼貌。 中西语言中有多种不同的告别语。如在和病人告别时，中国人常说“多喝点开水”、“多穿点衣服”、“早点休息”之类的话，表示对病人的关怀。但西方人绝不会说“多喝水”之类的话，因为这样说会被认为有指手画脚之嫌。比如他们会说“多保重”或“希望你早日康复”等等。 二、餐饮礼仪的差异 中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”，由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位，因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全，甚至于超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收，是一种科学的饮食观念。西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何，他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康，似乎不讲究味的享受。 在餐饮氛围方面，中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹，很多人围在一起吃吃喝喝，说说笑笑，大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上，中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而西方人在用餐时，都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境，他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪，不可以失去礼节，比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。 中西方宴请礼仪也各具特色。在中国，从古至今大多都以左为尊，在宴请客人时，要将地位很尊贵的客人安排在左边的上座，然后依次安排。在西方则是以右为尊，男女间隔而座，夫妇也分开而座，女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高，男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉开椅子，以示对女士的尊重。另外，西方人用餐时要坐正，认为弯腰，低头，用嘴凑上去吃很不礼貌，但是这恰恰是中国人通常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候，主人不提倡大肆的饮酒，中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物，以酒助兴，有时为了表示对对方的尊重，喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。 三、服饰礼仪的差异 西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装，内穿白衬衫，打领带。他们喜欢黑色，因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。西方国家，尤其是在美国，平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装，如T恤加牛仔服。 当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化，传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。在平时的市井生活中，倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服饰。 礼仪是一种文化，是文化就有纵向的传承和横向的借鉴与融合。随着世界全球化不断加快步伐，经济、文化高速碰撞融合的大背景下，西方文化大量涌进中国，中国传统礼仪也不断受到西方礼仪文化的冲击。如何保护中华民族传统礼仪，并去其糟粕，与西方礼仪进行合理有效的融合，成为人们不断思考和探讨的话题。越来越多的人认识到中西礼仪文化必将会互相渗透，不断发展。 就拿餐饮方面举例。现在中国饮食市场上洋快餐和西餐占了很大的比重，越来越多的人开始尝试和接受这些外来食品。麦当劳几乎代表了一种文化时尚，成为美国文化在餐饮领域的标志。与此同时，法国的贵族文化，英国的绅士文化也随着饮食而涌入中国。随着中西饮食文化的交流，不仅带来了蛋糕、面包、鸡尾酒等西式菜点，也带来了西方一些先进的制作工艺和饮食方法。这些都为古老的中国饮食文化注入了新的活力。当然我国悠久而灿烂的饮食文化在海外的影响也越来越大，几乎在世界各地都出现了大量的中国餐馆，中国菜日益受到各国人民的欢迎与喜爱。比如北京烤鸭俨然已经成为外国人心中的地道美味。 但是在中西礼仪文化的融合过程中，中国人未免盲目热衷于西方，不自觉中陷入两个误区：其一，是拿西方的礼仪取代我们中华民族的传统礼仪。礼仪是一个民族最具代表性的东西。比如在青年中，举行外国式婚礼、过西方节日等等，都是不容忽视的倾向。对西洋礼仪只是作为民俗知识了解一下无可厚非，如果趋之若骛，就失去了民族的自尊，本民族的传统礼仪也会被淹没。其二，是把礼仪教育的重点集中在操作层面，比如鞠躬要弯多少度，握手要停几秒钟等等。这些问题不是不可以讲，但如果只做表面文章，礼仪就成了空洞的形式主义。 不可否认，当今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪。这种现象的原因并不仅仅是西方的实力强大，深层的原因在于西方人价值观的统一，在于西方人对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。这一切与基督教的社会基础密切相关，因为礼仪是宗教的重要活动方式，由于对宗教的虔诚信仰，西方人从小就接受这种礼仪的教育与熏陶，使得礼仪能够自然地表现在人的行为之中。精神与物质、政治与文化的高度契合，使得人们获得高度的自信与优越感，正是西方人的自信与优越感赋予了西方文化强大的感染力，使其礼仪文化被视为世界标准。对照我们现在的中国社会状况，我们与西方的差距是明显的。 中西方礼仪文化的融合，在我们今日中国，更多的还是借鉴西方。但无论是借鉴西方的礼仪，或者是我们是自创一套自己的礼仪系统，这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整的价值体系，有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻觉悟。我们借鉴西方礼仪，不仅仅是要借鉴它的形式，更应当借鉴其内在灵魂，只有这样我们才能建立起自己的自信和优越感，才能确立我们的感染力。民族的复兴不仅是实力的复兴，更是一种文化的复兴。只有别人也认同我们的文化，才能真正使我们的礼仪行于世界。
First, differences in communicative language
Daily greeting the Chinese people mostly use "to eat it?" "Which it on?" And so on, it shows a kind of intimacy between people. Westerners may be right, this way of greeting each other will feel a sudden, embarrassing, or even unhappy, because the West will understand that such questioning as a "questioning of the" feel each other about their private life. In the West, the daily greeting they just say "Hello" or by time points, say, "Good morning!" "Good afternoon!" "Good evening!" On it. Meeting and the British would say: "Today, bad weather, ah!"
Title of respect, in the Chinese language, generally only between persons who know each other before they can close, "first-name basis." However, in the West, "first-name basis" than in the Chinese language is much broader in scope. In the West, used "Mr." and "wife" to refer to a stranger I do not know its name, for more than a dozen or 20 teenage girls can be called "Miss", married women can be called "Ms" or "Mrs.", etc. . Family members between the ages of hierarchy, and can be called each other names or nicknames. At home, you can directly call my mom and dad's name. For all the older men can be called "uncle," for all women, elders can be referred to as "Auntie." This is our Chinese is not enough, we must make it clear that seniority in the family, young and old, etc., or else will be considered non-Business Planning.
Chinese and Western languages, there are many different farewell words. And patient as in farewell, the Chinese people always say, "Drink water points," "Duo Chuandian clothes", "an early rest" to the group that cared for the patients. But the Westerners will not say "drink plenty of water" that kind of thing, because it said that it would be considered indiscreet remarks to Newcastle. For example they would say "take care" or "I hope you a speedy recovery" and so on.
Second, differences in dining etiquette
The Chinese have a saying, "Hunger breeds discontent," we can see Chinese people eating in the position of the eyes, so the Chinese people to eat as a top priority. Chinese food dishes focus on color, smell, taste, shape, meaning evil, and even more than focus on nutrition, as long as delicious but also good-looking, but less and less important in nutrition. The Western diet are more meticulous with and absorption of nutrients is a scientific eating. Westerners attach importance to food, nutrition, food and ignore the color, smell, taste, shape, meaning how their diet is the purpose of survival and health, does not seem to pay attention to the enjoyment of taste.
In the dining atmosphere, the Chinese people like to eat when they are busy, a lot of people get together eat and drink, Shuishuoxiaoxiao, we together create a warm and lively dining atmosphere. Except in a very formal dinner, the Chinese people at the dinner table, and nothing very special ritual. While the Westerners he eats, like elegant, quiet environment, in their view, the time table must pay attention to their own etiquette, should not lose etiquette, such as meals can not issue hard to listen to voice.
Western dinner etiquette is also distinctive. In China, most of all since ancient times to the left is the statue, in the banquet guests, to the status of a very distinguished guests in attendance arranged on the left, followed by arrangement. In the West is based on the right to respect for men and women partitions Block, couples were separated while the blocks, female guests of the seats of the seats is slightly higher than the male guests, the men asked to the right side of the female guests in their own pull a chair to show Ms. respect. In addition, Westerners sit when eating is that the bending bow mouth Coushang very impolite to eat, but this is precisely the way the Chinese people usually eat. Time to eat Western food, the owner does not advocate drinking big, China's table wine is an essential thing to wine add to the fun, sometimes in order to express respect for each other, drinking a cup of a cup of drink at all times.
Third, differences in dress etiquette
Western men usually wear in a formal social occasions, a conservative-style suit, within the white shirt, tie. They like black, so usually wear black leather shoes. Ms. West, to be wearing the dress suit in a formal setting. Ms. another go with the custom of wearing earrings. Western countries, especially in the United States, usually people like to wear casual wear, such as the T-shirt and jeans.
Today's increasingly Westernized Chinese dress, the traditional tunic, dress, etc., have quit the stage of history. Formal occasions, dress for men and women have differences with the West, there is no 2. In the usual Ichii life, would prefer to see a lot of people wearing vests, shorts, slippers and other sub-ritual costumes.
Ritual is a kind of culture is culture, there are vertical and horizontal reference for the transmission and integration. As the world continues to accelerate the pace of globalization, economic and cultural integration of high-speed collision background, a large number of Western culture into China, Chinese traditional etiquette also been subject to the impact of Western culture, ritual. How to protect traditional Chinese rituals and to its dross, and the West to conduct reasonable and effective integration of ritual, become continually thinking about and explore the topic. More and more people recognize each other Western rites and cultural penetration will continue to develop.
Take for example food and beverage. Now the Chinese market, Western diet and Western fast food accounted for a large share, more and more people began to try and accept these foods. McDonald's nearly represents a cultural fashion, became the symbol of culture in the dining area. At the same time, France's noble culture, the British gentleman in culture with the influx of Chinese food. With the exchange of Chinese and Western food culture, not only brought cake, bread, cocktails and other Western dishes point, has also brought some advanced Western technology and food production methods. These are the ancient Chinese food culture has injected new vitality. Of course, my long and glorious food culture abroad have become more, almost all over the world have emerged a large number of Chinese restaurants, Chinese food, people of all countries increasingly welcome and love. Such as Beijing roast duck is like the hearts of foreigners has become a delicious authentic.
But in the process of integration of Chinese and Western culture, etiquette, the Chinese were too keen on the West blindly, unconsciously fall into two errors: first, that is in the West, etiquette replace our traditional Chinese etiquette. Etiquette is the most representative of a people thing. For example, in young people, held a foreign-style wedding on Western festivals, etc., are the tendency can not be ignored. Only as a folk ritual of Western knowledge about what is nothing wrong, if aspire to lose the nation's self-esteem, the nation's traditional etiquette will also be submerged. Second, is to focus on education, etiquette at the operational level, such as the bow to bend the number of degrees, shaking hands to stop a few seconds and so on. These issues can not can not say, but if Zhizuo superficial ritual has become an empty formalism.
It is undeniable that the current internationally accepted etiquette etiquette is basically the West. The reasons for this phenomenon is not just the West, strong, deep reason is that Western values of unity lies in their own culture, a high degree of Western identity and a deep consciousness. All this and closely related to the social foundation of Christianity, as an important religious ritual activities, and because of the deep faith of religion, Westerners accept this ritual since childhood education and edification, making ritual to the natural surface of human behavior is now in. Spiritual, material, political and cultural fit of the height, allowing access to a high degree of self-confidence and sense of superiority, it is a Westerner's self-confidence and sense of superiority given the strong appeal of Western culture to culture, ritual is considered the world standard. We are now in control of China's social situation, the gap between us and the West is clear.
Integration of Chinese and Western culture, etiquette, in our today's China, more or learn from the West. But whether it is drawing on Western etiquette, or we create their own set of their own ritual system, which in the form will not be difficult. The hard part is we can have a complete value system, there is a high degree of their own cultural identity and a deep consciousness. We learn from the Western etiquette, not only to learn from its form, but should draw on its inner soul, the only way we can set up their own self-confidence and sense of superiority in order to establish our appeal. The revival is not only the strength of national revival, but also a cultural renaissance. Only other people share our culture can truly make our ritual trip to the world.
First, differences in communicative language Daily greeting the Chinese people mostly use "to eat it?" "Which it on?" And so on, it shows a kind of intimacy between people. Westerners may be right, this way of greeting each other will feel a sudden, embarrassing, or even unhappy, because the West will understand that such questioning as a "questioning of the" feel each other about their private life. In the West, the daily greeting they just say "Hello" or by time points, say, "Good morning!" "Good afternoon!" "Good evening!" On it. Meeting and the British would say: "Today, bad weather, ah!" Title of respect, in the Chinese language, generally only between persons who know each other before they can close, "first-name basis." However, in the West, "first-name basis" than in the Chinese language is much broader in scope. In the West, used "Mr." and "wife" to refer to a stranger I do not know its name, for more than a dozen or 20 teenage girls can be called "Miss", married women can be called "Ms" or "Mrs.", etc. . Family members between the ages of hierarchy, and can be called each other names or nicknames. At home, you can directly call my mom and dad's name. For all the older men can be called "uncle," for all women, elders can be referred to as "Auntie." This is our Chinese is not enough, we must make it clear that seniority in the family, young and old, etc., or else will be considered non-Business Planning. Chinese and Western languages, there are many different farewell words. And patient as in farewell, the Chinese people always say, "Drink water points," "Duo Chuandian clothes", "an early rest" to the group that cared for the patients. But the Westerners will not say "drink plenty of water" that kind of thing, because it said that it would be considered indiscreet remarks to Newcastle. For example they would say "take care" or "I hope you a speedy recovery" and so on. Second, differences in dining etiquette The Chinese have a saying, "Hunger breeds discontent," we can see Chinese people eating in the position of the eyes, so the Chinese people to eat as a top priority. Chinese food dishes focus on color, smell, taste, shape, meaning evil, and even more than focus on nutrition, as long as delicious but also good-looking, but less and less important in nutrition. The Western diet are more meticulous with and absorption of nutrients is a scientific eating. Westerners attach importance to food, nutrition, food and ignore the color, smell, taste, shape, meaning how their diet is the purpose of survival and health, does not seem to pay attention to the enjoyment of taste. In the dining atmosphere, the Chinese people like to eat when they are busy, a lot of people get together eat and drink, Shuishuoxiaoxiao, we together create a warm and lively dining atmosphere. Except in a very formal dinner, the Chinese people at the dinner table, and nothing very special ritual. While the Westerners he eats, like elegant, quiet environment, in their view, the time table must pay attention to their own etiquette, should not lose etiquette, such as meals can not issue hard to listen to voice. Western dinner etiquette is also distinctive. In China, most of all since ancient times to the left is the statue, in the banquet guests, to the status of a very distinguished guests in attendance arranged on the left, followed by arrangement. In the West is based on the right to respect for men and women partitions Block, couples were separated while the blocks, female guests of the seats of the seats is slightly higher than the male guests, the men asked to the right side of the female guests in their own pull a chair to show Ms. respect. In addition, Westerners sit when eating is that the bending bow mouth Coushang very impolite to eat, but this is precisely the way the Chinese people usually eat. Time to eat Western food, the owner does not advocate drinking big, China's table wine is an essential thing to wine add to the fun, sometimes in order to express respect for each other, drinking a cup of a cup of drink at all times. Third, differences in dress etiquette Western men usually wear in a formal social occasions, a conservative-style suit, within the white shirt, tie. They like black, so usually wear black leather shoes. Ms. West, to be wearing the dress suit in a formal setting. Ms. another go with the custom of wearing earrings. Western countries, especially in the United States, usually people like to wear casual wear, such as the T-shirt and jeans. Today's increasingly Westernized Chinese dress, the traditional tunic, dress, etc., have quit the stage of history. Formal occasions, dress for men and women have differences with the West, there is no 2. In the usual Ichii life, would prefer to see a lot of people wearing vests, shorts, slippers and other sub-ritual costumes. Ritual is a kind of culture is culture, there are vertical and horizontal reference for the transmission and integration. As the world continues to accelerate the pace of globalization, economic and cultural integration of high-speed collision background, a large number of Western culture into China, Chinese traditional etiquette also been subject to the impact of Western culture, ritual. How to protect traditional Chinese rituals and to its dross, and the West to conduct reasonable and effective integration of ritual, become continually thinking about and explore the topic. More and more people recognize each other Western rites and cultural penetration will continue to develop. Take for example food and beverage. Now the Chinese market, Western diet and Western fast food accounted for a large share, more and more people began to try and accept these foods. McDonald's nearly represents a cultural fashion, became the symbol of culture in the dining area. At the same time, France's noble culture, the British gentleman in culture with the influx of Chinese food. With the exchange of Chinese and Western food culture, not only brought cake, bread, cocktails and other Western dishes point, has also brought some advanced Western technology and food production methods. These are the ancient Chinese food culture has injected new vitality. Of course, my long and glorious food culture abroad have become more, almost all over the world have emerged a large number of Chinese restaurants, Chinese food, people of all countries increasingly welcome and love. Such as Beijing roast duck is like the hearts of foreigners has become a delicious authentic. But in the process of integration of Chinese and Western culture, etiquette, the Chinese were too keen on the West blindly, unconsciously fall into two errors: first, that is in the West, etiquette replace our traditional Chinese etiquette. Etiquette is the most representative of a people thing. For example, in young people, held a foreign-style wedding on Western festivals, etc., are the tendency can not be ignored. Only as a folk ritual of Western knowledge about what is nothing wrong, if aspire to lose the nation's self-esteem, the nation's traditional etiquette will also be submerged. Second, is to focus on education, etiquette at the operational level, such as the bow to bend the number of degrees, shaking hands to stop a few seconds and so on. These issues can not can not say, but if Zhizuo superficial ritual has become an empty formalism. It is undeniable that the current internationally accepted etiquette etiquette is basically the West. The reasons for this phenomenon is not just the West, strong, deep reason is that Western values of unity lies in their own culture, a high degree of Western identity and a deep consciousness. All this and closely related to the social foundation of Christianity, as an important religious ritual activities, and because of the deep faith of religion, Westerners accept this ritual since childhood education and edification, making ritual to the natural surface of human behavior is now in. Spiritual, material, political and cultural fit of the height, allowing access to a high degree of self-confidence and sense of superiority, it is a Westerner's self-confidence and sense of superiority given the strong appeal of Western culture to culture, ritual is considered the world standard. We are now in control of China's social situation, the gap between us and the West is clear. Integration of Chinese and Western culture, etiquette, in our today's China, more or learn from the West. But whether it is drawing on Western etiquette, or we create their own set of their own ritual system, which in the form will not be difficult. The hard part is we can have a complete value system, there is a high degree of their own cultural identity and a deep consciousness. We learn from the Western etiquette, not only to learn from its form, but should draw on its inner soul, the only way we can set up their own self-confidence and sense of superiority in order to establish our appeal. The revival is not only the strength of national revival, but also a cultural renaissance. Only other people share our culture can truly make our ritual trip to the world.
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