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大学英语语法常见问题详解-综合版
世界图书出版公司北京公司
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本书在解答学习英语所遇到的实际困难时,运用的是迄
今英语研究的最新成果。
从中学生到大学英语教师都能从中查到所需要的东西。
●英语学习者可通过它自行解决迷惑。
●英语教师可有根有据地回答学生提出的问题,并引用
& 有说服力的典型例句。
●翻译工作者可查到最难译和最常误译的语言点。
●英语研究者则可查到其他著作中尚未涉及的一些学术
& 性较强的内容。
收集疑难问题近万则,很多是在其他英语著作中难以查
通过正误对比、正反对比和相似对比等方式讲解,能引
起读者的强烈兴趣,大大加深理解和记忆。
按照目录,只需几秒钟就能查到问题的解答。
所有正确例句大多选自英美等国出版的英文原著,指明
出处并列出中译文。
由于语言(尤其是语法)变化缓慢,本书解答到位。你
会使用终生,并传给后代。
相信这又是一本惊天地泣鬼神的好书!! 孤独的心&&&&&日读书的时候看过《英语常见问题解答大词典》,对作者佩服得五体投地,讲解非常有说服力,比张道真,章振邦的的书好多了。原以为作者就这本书最好了,可是突...
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北京北发电子商务股份有限公司 版权所有「英语文法系列」关于one、ones、other等的用法你真的都懂了吗?
「英语文法系列」关于one、ones、other等的用法你真的都懂了吗?
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回想中学时期,你一定在英文考卷上看过这一组人马:one, another, others, the other, the others你真的搞懂他们的差别了吗?看完这篇用法解析,保证你不再出错。基本介绍:什么是不定代名词?不定代名词表示不特定的人或物,或表示不特定数量的人或物之代名词。多数不定代名词若后接名词,则称为不定形容词,如 one, another, some, any…等等,但也有些无法转换为不定形容词,如 none, everything, someone… 等。以下将介绍几个常用的不定代名词,拿起笔记本吧!one 的用法one 为了代替叙述中不特定的人或物,避免名词的重复,复数为 ones.(1) 表示不特定的人The students who do best in the exam are not necessarily the brightest ones.考试成绩好的学生不一定是脑筋最好的学生。one 当主词时,后接的代名词原则上会用 one, one’s, oneself,也可以用 he, his, himself 取代One shouldn’t overwork oneself.人不要让自己操劳过度。One should not plead inexperience in excuse of his mistake.一个人不应该借口缺乏经验来为其错误辩解。(2) 表示不特定的物This problem is not an easy one.这不是个简单的问题。(3) 惯用法· one and the same 一样的In one and the same tunnel, a lot of different scenes were shot.在同样的一节隧道中,剧组将拍摄大量不同的镜头。· one or two 一、两个Most people have one or two passwords that they use across all of their accounts.大多数人他们使用的所有账户都有一个或者两个密码。· it’s all one 没有什么不同He can protest if he wants to,it’s all one to me.他大可以抗议,那对我来说没什么。· by ones and twos 三三两两地After class, the students walk out of the classroom by ones and twos.下课后,学生三三两两地走出教室。不特定范围的用法: another / others(1) another 为不特定的单数代名词,未限制范围,意思为「任何另外一个」。To know is one thing, to practice is another.知道是一回事,去做又是另一回事。(2) others 为不特定复数,未限制范围,意思为「任何其他人或物」Be kind to others.宽以待人。· one after another 接二连三地Misfortunes always come one after another.坏事成双。· every other 每隔一天、一周等I do an hour of aerobics every other day.我每两天做一个小时的有氧舞蹈。· one from the other 二者中之区别I can’t tell one twin from the other. They look just the same.我无法区别那对双胞胎,他们看起来根本一模一样。· on the other hand 另一方面On the other hand, if we can prevent ourselves from doing the unnecessary, we will have more time to do the right things.另一方面,如果我们能够避免做这些类似的事,那么我们就会有更多的时间去做更加有意义的事。· some day or other 有一天Some day or other you will fall in love with me.总有一天你会爱上我的。特定范围的用法: the other / the others(1) the other 为特定范围的单数比如说,比较某人的两肩膀的高度:He has one shoulder a little higher than the other.他的一个肩比另一个肩略高一点。(2) the others 为特定范围的复数In ability she towers over all the others in her team.她的能力胜过团队内所有其他人。笔记到这里时是否有发现,加上 the 表示有限制特定范围呢?令人头痛的【混合版 】只要记住 the 为限制特定范围,就好记咯!· one…, the other 一个…两个中的另一个Without one, together, both provide clarity and truth.这两种行为结合在一起提供了明晰和真理,是缺一不可的。· one…, the others 特定范围中的一个…, 特定范围中剩余的全部I saw four sweaters. One is red and the others are blue.我看到四件毛衣,一件是红的,其他三件是蓝的。· one…, another…, and the other 表示有三个对象时,「一个…一个…另一个」The CD player has three sound effects. One is pop, another is jazz and the other is rock.这台 CD 机有三种音响效果。一种是流行,另外一种是爵士,还有一种是摇滚。如果有「四个或以上」不同对象,就是 one…, another…, another…, and the other 如此延续下去I saw four sweaters. One is red, another is blue, another is white, and the other is green.我看到四件毛衣,一件是红的,一件是蓝的,一件是白的,一件是绿的。(因为每个颜色不同,所以一 一点出)· one…, another…, and the others 表示为「一个…一个…剩下的全部」I saw four sweaters. One is red, another is blue, and the others are white.我看到四件毛衣,一件是红的,一件是蓝的,其他是白的。(白色数量超过一件,不需要一一点出)· some…, others… 为「有些…另一些…」The students on the playground are energetic. Some are running, others are playing basketball.操场上的学生很有活力,有些在跑步,有些在打篮球。· some…, the others 有些…其余的另一些…Some speak French, the others speak Japanese.有些人讲法语,其余的人讲日语。
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英语语法常见问题[容易混淆的语法)]
(1)那些动词后用原形动词(infinitive without “to” )?
动词后用原形动词(infinitive without “to”)的有: behold(12 世纪前用字,现代英文中极少用),bid, feel, have, hear, let, make, observe, perceive, see, watch, 另help后,可用to(英式英文)或不用to(美式英文)。(2) play piano or play the piano?
弹奏或演奏乐r,在乐r之前要加定冠词 the.
例如:He plays the organ in the church on Sundays.
She practices playing the violin almost every day.
(3)sometime vs. some time vs. sometimes
1.&&&&& sometime:& (过去的)某一时候;来日,改天
例如:I stayed in Taichung sometime last summer. 去年夏天某个时候,我待过台中。例如:I’ll go to Taichung to see you sometime next summer. 明年夏天某个时候,我去台中看你。
2.&&&&& some time: 一段时间
例如:I stayed in Taichung (for) some time last summer. 去年夏天,我在台中待过一段时间。
3.&&&&& sometimes: 有时候
例如:Sometimes I go to Taichung for business. 有时候我去台中出差。
(4)What a beautiful girl she is!& vs. How beautiful a girl she is!
两句都是惊叹句,意思一样,只是一用what, 一用how开始。如用what开始,则是 what a + 形容词;如用how开始,则是how + 形容词。
(5) I have just received a letter from my father vs. I just received a letter from my father
Just当刚才或方才(a moment ago)解释时,英式英文用现在完成式,美式英文用简单过去式。但just now(刚才)不论英式英文或美式英文均用简单过去式。
例如:I received a letter from him just now.
(6) go to bed vs. go to sleep
go to bed 是就寝,go to sleep是入睡。我们可以确知自己几时、几分、甚致几秒就寝,但却无法确知自己几时、几分入睡。
例如:I always go to bed at 11 o’clock every night.&&&&&&&&&&& I don’t know when I went to sleep last night.
(7) ago vs. before
ago 是现在的过去多久时间before是过去的过去多久时间。
例如:He transferred to another university two years ago. transferred是过去式,是从说这句话时推算two years ago.&&&&&&&&&&& He told me that he had transferred to another university two years before.told是过去式,had transferred是过去里的过去(past in the past),因为它发生在过去式told之前,此时时态要用过去完成式,并用before, 否则他可能是两年前或三年前告诉(told)我,加两年或三年便是四年或五年了,而非两年前。
此外,在直接句改为间直接句时,如直接句中有 ago,间直接句中要改为 before. 例如:Direct: Joy said, “I read that novel a year ago.”&&&&&&&& Indirect: Joy said that she had read that novel a year before.
(8) The house which I went into is big. vs. The house into which I went is big.
The house which I went into is big. 是一般的英文。
The house into which I went is big. 如将into 放在which之前,即是该句的加强句。
此外亦可写为The house that I went into is big.( 非正式英文。)
但如写为The house into that I went is big.因为that 作关系代名词用时,前面不得用前置词。
(9)形容词子句中关代用 that 时与名词子句如何区分?& 1.&&&&& The fact THAT she has inner grace(内在美) is more important.
2.&&&&& The fact THAT we must recognize is the lack of respect for the old.
3.&&&&& I like the student THAT is gentle and respectful.(彬彬有礼)
第一句中THAT是连接词,连接The fact与 she has inner grace.
THAT she has inner grace是名词子句,作the fact的同位语,而且
she has inner grace可独立成句。
在名词子句中的THAT也称为名词子句的符号 (the sign of noun clause)。
第二句中THAT是关系代名词,作为recognize的受词,亦可用which代替它成为:
That fact WHICH we must recognize is the lack of respect for the old.
第三句中THAT也是关系代名词,作为is gentle and respectful的主词
第二、三句中we must recognize(无受词)及is gentle and respectful(无主词)
均无法独立成句。
区分两者的方法是: a.&&&&& THAT在附属子句中是否作主词或受词,如果是,则是形容词子句。
b.&&&&& THAT在附属子句中如果既非主词,又非受词,只有连接功能时,则是名词子句。
摘译自拙著p.134, Practical English Grammar and Rhetoric(实用英文文法与修辞. 第九版第五刷)
(10)on Taiwan& vs.& in Taiwan
在岛上的「在」用 on英国人用 on但亦可用 in.& Taiwan 是一个岛,所以用on 或in.
例如:He lives in (on ) Taiwan.
通常身在台湾的人说: “We live in Taiwan.”
身不在台湾的人说:&&& “They live on Taiwan.”
(11)always vs. never
always & never 均为频率副词 (adverbs of frequency),我们用百分比来细分它们的差异:
always―100% all of the time
usually―80% most of the time
often―50% much of the time
sometimes―30% some of the time
seldom―almost never
never―not at any time
(12)everyday 是形容词例如:everyday life, everyday dialogue, everyday clothes(便服), etc.&&&&&&&&&&& She wears everyday clothes every day after retirement.&&&&&&&&&&& He practices everyday English dialogue with his brother every day.every day 是副词词组或名词词组在句子中作副词用例如:He goes to the park for a walk every day.( 副词词组)&&&&&&&&&&& Generally speaking, every day is a fine day in summer. (名词词组) (13)eat one’s words vs. break one’s words
eat one’s words 失言,为说错话而道歉,承认自己的错误
例如:He ate his words at the meeting twice. break one’s words 食言
例如:He never breaks his words. 他从不食言,他从不爽约.
(14) aim at vs. aim to
aim at& +& ving 企图,意欲,瞄准目标
例如:Henry aimed at passing the Joint College Entrance Examination.
aim& +& to企图,意欲,瞄准目标
例如:Henry aimed to pass the Joint College Entrance Examination. (15)名词food一字是可数或不可数名词?
A. food 指食物通称时,是不可数名词,例如:food and drink(食物与饮料)。但指食物种类时是可数名词,例如:1. Milk is a valuable food. 2. She eats the plainest of foods. (她吃最清淡的食物) 3. My students eat too many sweet foods, like cakes and pastry. 其它如health foods(各种保健食品),baby foods (各种婴儿食品)等。
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