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求英语作文!好的追分!完成一篇给500（令开问题送分）,完成两篇700,不食言!英语语法知识；英语翻译知识；商务英语学习；英语听说知识.要求四选二,每篇1000字.完成一篇给500（令开5个问题给分）,完成两篇给700（我就这么多了……）.可能我没说清楚,是我的错.有这样四个主题：英语语法知识；英语翻译知识；商务英语学习；英语听说知识.要求四选二,对其中两个主题,谈在其学习过程中的收获体会,每篇1000字.也可发邮箱xcmts@163.注意要求：每篇1000字左右,是两篇.写一篇较好的给500,两篇700.
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As somebody who has been translating professionally for over 15 years now, I must confess the topic of Translation Techniques poses som trying to pin down strategies that you use almost intuitively every day of your life becomes a rather difficult task.That is why I decided to outline a widely-accepted list of translation techniques in the hope that the reader may become interested in knowing a little bit more about translation and its nuances.Direct Translation TechniquesDirect Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques include:BorrowingCalqueLiteral TranslationBorrowingBorrowing is the taking of words directly from one language into another without translation. Many English words are "borrowed"
for example software in the field of technology and funk in culture. English also borrows numerous words
abbatoire, café, passé and résumé from F hamburger and kindergarten from G bandana, musk and sugar from Sanskrit.Borrowed words are often printed in italics when they are considered to be "foreign".CalqueA calque or loan translation (itself a calque of German Lehnübersetzung) is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word-for-word. You often see them in specialized or internationalized fields such as quality assurance (aseguramiento de calidad, assurance qualité taken from English). Examples that have been absorbed into English include standpoint and beer garden from German Standpunkt and B breakfast from French déjeuner (which now means lunch in Europe, but maintains the same meaning of breakfast in Québec). Some calques can become widely accepted in the target language (such as standpoint, beer garden and breakfast and Spanish peso mosca and Casa Blanca from English flyweight and White House). The meaning other calques can be rather obscure for most people, especially when they relate to specific vocations or subjects such as science and law. Solución de compromiso is a Spanish legal term taken from the English compromise solution and although Spanish attorneys understand it, the meaning is not readily understood by the layman. An unsuccessful calque can be extremely unnatural, and can cause unwanted humor, often interpreted as indicating the lack of expertise of the translator in the target language.Literal TranslationA word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure: El equipo está trabajando para terminar el informe would translate into English as The team is working to finish the report. Sometimes it works and sometimes it does not. For example, the Spanish sentence above could not be translated into French or German using this technique because the French and German sentence structures are different. And because one sentence can be translated literally across languages does not mean that all sentences can be translated literally. El equipo experimentado está trabajando para terminar el informe translates into English as The experienced team is working to finish the report ("experienced" and "team" are reversed).Oblique Translation TechniquesOblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language.Oblique translation techniques include:TranspositionModulationReformulation or EquivalenceAdaptationCompensationTranspositionThis is the process where parts of speech change their sequence when they are translated (blue ball becomes boule bleue in French). It is in a sense a shift of word class. Grammatical structures are often different in different languages. He likes swimming translates as Er schwimmt gern in German. Transposition is often used between English and Spanish because of the preferred position of the verb in the sentence: English often has the verb near the beg Spanish can have it closer to the end. This requires that the translator knows that it is possible to replace a word category in the target language without altering the meaning of the source text, for example: English Hand knitted (noun + participle) becomes Spanish Tejido a mano (participle + adverbial phrase).ModulationModulation consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the same idea: Te lo dejo means literally I leave it to you but translates better as You can have it. It changes the semantics and shifts the point of view of the source language. Through modulation, the translator generates a change in the point of view of the message without altering meaning and without generating a sense of awkwardness in the reader of the target text. It is often used within the same language. The expressions es fácil de entender (it is easy to understand) and no es complicado de entender (it is not complicated to understand) are examples of modulation. Although both convey the same meaning, it is easy to understand simply conveys "easiness" whereas it is not complicated to understand implies a previous assumption of difficulty that we are denying by asserting it is not complicated to understand. This type of change of point of view in a message is what makes a reader say: "Yes, this is exactly how we say it in our language".Reformulation or EquivalenceHere you have to express something in a completely different way, for example when translating idioms or advertising slogans. The process is creative, but not always easy. Would you have translated the movie The Sound of Music into Spanish as La novicia rebelde (The Rebellious Novice in Latin America) or Sonrisas y lágrimas (Smiles and Tears in Spain)?AdaptationAdaptation occurs when something specific to one language culture is expressed in a totally different way that is familiar or appropriate to another language culture. It is a shift in cultural environment. Should pincho (a Spanish restaurant menu dish) be translated as kebab in English? It involves changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture (for example France has Belgian jokes and England has Irish jokes).CompensationIn general terms compensation can be used when something cannot be translated, and the meaning that is lost is expressed somewhere else in the translated text. Peter Fawcett defines it as: "...making good in one part of the text something that could not be translated in another". One example given by Fawcett is the problem of translating nuances of formality from languages that use forms such as Spanish informal tú and formal usted, French tu and vous, and German du and sie into English which only has 'you', and expresses degrees of formality in different ways.As Louise M. Haywood from the University of Cambridge puts it, "we have to remember that translation is not just a movement between two languages but also between two cultures. Cultural transposition is present in all translation as degrees of free textual adaptation departing from maximally literal translation, and involves replacing items whose roots are in the source language culture with elements that are indigenous to the target language. The translator exercises a degree of choice in his or her use of indigenous features, and, as a consequence, successful translation may depend on the translator's command of cultural assumptions in each language in which he or she works".If you are interested in reading further on the subject, please refer to Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language, St. Jerome, Manchester, 1997 (especially Chapter 4 on Translation Techniques).
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求各位帮忙。英语只能考60分，在剩下的80多天里怎么有效的提高分数。考试的阅读只能知道大概意思，有时候连题目的选项都看不懂，我自己想在剩下的日子里背单词，这样有用吗
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首先要把单词背熟，背单词注意要重复、反复、多遍，千万不要一个单词磨叽太久，也不要拿纸笔抄单词。每天休息的时候可以看看美剧，如果想练听力可以把字幕去掉，不去字幕也要有意识地听英语，这样语感会提高。在背会单词的基础上多读文章。背单词是多过几遍，反复记吗什么单词五遍以下基本是裸考，不过也得看个人水平。要是基础差一些建议背十遍左右。比如说考托福用的无老师镇魂单词上面要求要背到20遍...
什么单词五遍以下基本是裸考，不过也得看个人水平。要是基础差一些建议背十遍左右。比如说考托福用的无老师镇魂单词上面要求要背到20遍
咱俩一样啊
你还哪科短板啊
知音啊，我也是
最近模拟总分多少啊
都是不知道怎么学
原来就是不爱背，现在晚了
在学会课内单词的基础上增加词汇量 推荐每天听写VOA慢速英语，听一句写一句，积累生词，多复习
加强英语阅读训练
每天一篇不要多
会有感觉的
注意知识点的积累
因为比较碎
多读有语感
考试有时候答案自然而然就出来了
日常做阅读要学会积累，抓住规律，常见和长用词要记下来，加油
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英语阅读如果很多单词不认识，应该怎么做题如题啊，英语考试最后一篇阅读总是很难，很多单词我都不认识，最后五个选择总错三到四个，对于那种很多单词不认识的文章，应该怎么做才能提高正确率啊，我问那些学习好的- -他们也说是蒙。。。可他们为啥老能蒙对啊。。。求高手指点啊
狮子爱哥1284
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这个得靠你的理解能力了…不懂的部分就是蒙…前提是你大概理解了它整片文章在说什么…然后看四个选项…分析各选项问的什么结合原文有没有提到…大概就能蒙对
那就是lz的语感需要加强锻炼了。你和你的同学词汇量应该差不了多少，多以你应该平时多阅读文章，不要碰到不认识的单词就查文曲星，多培养语感，理解能力自然能提高，阅读自然会提高正确率。
要有选择性的筛选，生词并不可怕，关键看它对文章是否有用，先看文章的每个段落的第一句，然后读题，再在文章中找答案，遇到生词便联系上下文自己猜猜看，看是否能找其他词来代替，说实话，越是生词多的阅读理解才好做，你不要全文通吃，要找与问题有关的句子，自习揣摩。...
也是猜题了
你同学说的没错
根据全文。文章内容大概意思能懂就比较好点
找出问题大概在文章哪个部分根据文章开始蒙了
你不过是中国的英语教育的牺牲品之一，但是不要气馁。阅读如果平均20个词就有一个生词，太难了，换。那么，提高只能用这种方法：读英文，想英文，不要想中文，达到理解英文，不是理解肚子里翻译出来的中文，牢记英文。任何阅读都没有问题了。祝进步。...
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●●高中英语阅读模棱两可的题怎么做?高中英语阅读模棱两可的题怎么做?还有就是有些题能排除两个错误的选项我选的那个就一定是剩下那两个中错的那个!
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1. 仔细看题.你要摸清楚出题人问问题的目的是什么?模棱两可的题一般都是问你对文章大意的理解题,而不是细节题.所以你更要把握文章的main idea才行.2. 注意文章中的否定含义的副词,如seldom,rarely,hardly等.这些词如果不注意往往会让你模棱两可.3. 特别注意最高级的形容词.如best, most, -est.在第一遍阅读的时候就要underline这些词.注意到了,模棱两可就不存在了.这只是一些方法,最重要的还是多练多思考.错了不重要,关键是要知道为什么错.
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再排一个就可以了,看下余下的那两个是基于自己的猜测和推测而不是基于课文的意思直接表示把按自己意思推测的那个排除掉做阅读理解就得找细节,不能自己猜测
忠实于原文 不要猜测.
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