Cross Processing in Photoshop - color negative art effect |
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Photoshop Fine Art Effects Cookbook
&Cross-Processing&
(Pages 108 and 109 from the Photographers section of
- courtesy of .)
Cross-processing is developing color print or slide film in the wrong chemicals — for example, color negative film in slide chemicals (&C-41 as E-6&) or slide film by the color negative process (&E-6 as C-41&). Not surprisingly, this causes wild color and contrast shifts and requires lots of trial and error. But for a period in the 1980s and 1990s, cross-processed images were very much the vogue, with Nick Knight's fashion and studio work being arguably the most influential.
With many possible permutations of film stock and processing technique, there is no single, identifiable, cross-processed appearance. The most common combination is C-41 as E-6, in which slide chemistry is used to process color negative film, and it's a quick job to imitate it in Photoshop. Image contrast is usually high with blown-out highlights, while the shadows tend toward dense shades of blue. Reds tend to be magenta, lips almost purple, and highlights normally have a yellow-green color cast.
As for subject matter, try fashion or portraiture, but there's no need to restrict your imagination. I chose an elegant outdoor portrait shot — the skin tones and red lipstick look especially striking in cross-processed images.
With the original image open, click the &Create new fill or new adjustment layer& icon in the Layers palette and select Curves. From the Channel drop-down box, select the Red channel and drag the top right of the curve a little to the left. Then drag a couple of points on the curve so that it forms a very gentle S — darkening the shadows and brightening the Red channel's highlights.
To save your curve to a file on your hard drive, just click the Save button. Applying the same cross-processing adjustment to other images is a simple matter of loading it with the Load button in the Curves dialog box.
Select the Blue channel and drag the curve's top-right point downward. It doesn't need to be much — just enough to take some blue out of the highlights. Then drag the curve's bottom-right point up a little, blocking up the Blue channel in the shadows.
In the Green channel, add another gentle S curve — increasing the contrast, especially in the highlights.
Fine-tune the channel curves to suit your image, but leave the combined RGB curve untouched. Focus on the color balance rather than the contrast, which you can fix later, in step 6.
Blown highlights are a common — if not always welcome — characteristic of&C-41 as E-6 cross-processing. They should result from the contrast-increasing curves used in steps 1–3, but in Photoshop it's possible to eliminate them if you wish. Try changing the Curves adjustment layer's blending mode to Color and the image will combine the color&shifts with the image's&original luminosity.
If you need to fine-tune the image contrast, add a&Curves adjustment layer and&set its blending mode to&Luminosity so it doesn't cause any further color shifts.
Another optional final step is to add a yellow color cast to the picture. In the Layers palette, click the &Create new fill or new adjustment layer& icon and choose Solid Color. Select a yellow-green and click OK, then reduce the new layer's opacity — 10% is as much as you'll need.
FINAL IMAGE
This image was digitally captured and had daylight white balance. In Photoshop you can simulate 1980s-style cross-processing and add the film rebate (border) — another typical affectation of the era.
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1)&&cross-dye effect
2)&&heterochromatic effect on crossing-over
[遗]异染色质对交换效应
3)&&pollution effect
Research of groundwater pollution effect in co
煤矸石堆积区地下水污染效应研究
The occurrence,migration,accumulation and distribution of lead in a soil-rice system, its pollution effect,and the relevant resistance mechanism are reviewed.
综述了土壤———水稻体系中的重金属铅的存在形态和迁移、积累、分布规律 ,以及铅的污染效应及其抗性机制 ,以期阐明铅污染对稻米安全生产影响机制及其生理生态基础 ,为优质安全稻米的改良育种和生物调控 ,以及无公害稻米安全质量标准的制定和优质安全栽培技术的确立提供理论指
The pollution effects and accumulation rules of nickel were studied in the sandy loam paddy soil for rice and in the meadow soil for corn by pot experiments.
通过盆栽试验,分别探讨了镍在砂壤水稻土中对水稻和在草甸黑土中对玉米的污染效应和累积规律。
4)&&effects of dyeing
5)&&contagion effect
An Empirical Study on Contagion Effect of Financial Crises in Emerging M
新兴市场金融危机传染效应的实证研究
The contagion effect has been the typical feature of financial crises in emerging markets.
金融危机的传染效应已经成为新兴市场金融危机的显著特征。
With theoretic model and empirical analysis, contagion effects which pass among stock market and bond market, and bank systems, and other narrow sense capital market and financial market are discussed.
本文通过理论模型构建和实证研究,从理论和实证两个方面分析了当前我国股票市场、债券市场等狭义资本市场与银行系统的传染效应,得出其风险相互传递的效应关系结论,并对当前我国资本市场改革时机提出了建议。
6)&&colouration-reserve effect
补充资料：五种染──治五种染
【五种染──治五种染】　　﹝出华严经疏﹞　　［一、持戒治破戒染］，谓修菩萨行者，能持诸戒律，以净身心，制伏过非，则离一切破戒之污染也。　　［二、入禅治贪欲染］，谓修菩萨行者，修习禅定，安心理境，寂静无为，则离一切贪欲之污染也。　　［三、神通治邪归依染］，妙用不测谓之神，自在无碍谓之通。若诸众生归依邪师邪行者，菩萨能以神通摄化，令其舍邪归正，则无邪妄归依染也。　　［四、四无量治妄行功德染］，四无量即慈悲喜舍之心也。妄行谓所行非正也。功德谓所求邪福也。若诸众生淫祀求福，妄修功德者，菩萨能以此四心摄化，令其依于正法，修诸善业，则无妄行功德染也。　　［五、四无色定治妄修解脱染］，四无色定者，即无色界中空处定、识处定、无所有处定，非非想处定也。若诸外道，以有漏心，妄修邪定，以求解脱者，菩萨能以此四无色定摄化，令其依于正法，修证解脱，则无妄修解脱之染也。
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