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剑桥雅思考官写作范文:The media report crimes in details
来源:新东方在线
摘要:本文剑桥雅思考官写作范文的Topic是Should the media report crimes in details? 剑桥雅思考官写作范文对于雅思考生来说具有很好的参考价值,新东方在线为大家整理了剑桥雅思考官写作范文,望考生从中学习到其优点,在今后的雅思写作当中合理运用。
  本文剑桥考官写作范文的Topic是Should the media report crimes in details?。剑桥雅思考官写作范文对于雅思考生来说具有很好的参考价值,新东方在线为大家整理了剑桥雅思考官写作范文,望考生从中学习到其优点,在今后的当中合理运用。  Topic:Should the media report crimes in details?&&& 题目:媒体报道犯罪活动时是否应该报道细节。&&& 剑桥雅思考官写作范文:  Nowadays the media often cover news of crimes such as murder, rape and
armed robbery in great details. While such information may warn the public of
the potential danger and help reduce crimes, providing too much information
about crimes might lead to certain negative side effects. In my opinion, the
information about crimes should be made accessible to the public but the media
should refrain from reporting crimes in an irresponsible manner.  To begin with, there is no doubt that people should have the right to
information about crimes committed in a community. If someone in the
neighbourhood were murdered, the chance of other people being killed would also
increase. The people should be notified of the event as well as any actions the
authorities had taken immediately. Any attempts to block the news about the
crimes would violate people's right to know the truth. Yet, the necessity of
informing the public does not mean full details have to be disclosed.  Admittedly, the best way to alert the public about a recent crime being
committed is through the reporting by the media. Most of us read newspaper and
watch TV news everyday. But there are a number of reasons why the media should
only report the crimes briefly and let any interested parties follow up with the
events by themselves. To begin with, the details of the crimes may cause
discomfort and even panic among the members of the public. This is particularly
true for the young children in the society. In addition, the time on TV and the
space on the newspaper are scarce resources that can be utilized in many
different ways. Therefore, the detailed reporting of the crimes would incur high
opportunity costs as the public attention would have been directed to other
important issues such as education and environment. Finally, the full
information about crimes may be made available through the police or other
government agencies so that anyone interested in the events may consult the
records. Such arrangement would be less costly compared to reporting the details
via the media.  In conclusion, since crimes are relevant to each and every member of the
society, the media should report the events as soon as possible to alert the
public and to help prevent more crimes. Nevertheless, the reports of crimes
should be relatively brief in order to avoid public panic and to save the
precious TV time and newspaper space. Furthermore, anyone who wants to know more
about certain events should be allowed to consult the government agencies for
such  剑桥雅思考官范文、剑桥雅思满分范文、剑桥等更多范文敬请关注新东方在线雅思写作频道,小编将陆续为大家整理。
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Legendary rocker Rod Stewart has joined the line-up for the 2015 BBC Music Awards. The two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee and Grammy Living Legend wowed fans earlier this year at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park and is set to the rock 11,000 fans in Birmingham on Thursday 10 December.BBC Radio Ulster’s 40th birthday celebrations will culminate in a special gala concert live from the Ulster Hall in Belfast next month - and the station is inviting some lucky listeners to join in the festivities.
BBC Antiques Roadshow on Sunday 22 November features a leather jacket that belonged to former US President John F Kennedy, and the six-figure valuation, to be revealed on the programme, stuns the delighted owner.
Bafta-winning Peter Bowker’s adaptation of John Lanchester’s critically acclaimed and bestselling novelA gripping, contemporary, emotional thriller for BBC TwoOne of the most iconic and influential children’s series returnsA fresh, authentic, contemporary eight-part cop show for BBC One一、yum 简介
  yum,是Yellow dog Updater, Modified 的简称,是杜克大学为了提高RPM 软件包安装性而开发的一种软件包管理器。起初是由yellow dog 这一发行版的开发者Terra Soft 研发,用python 写成,那时还叫做yup(yellow dog updater),后经杜克大学的Linux@Duke 开发团队进行改进,遂有此名。yum 的宗旨是自动化地升级,安装/移除rpm 包,收集rpm 包的相关信息,检查依赖性并自动提示用户解决。yum 的关键之处是要有可靠的repository,顾名思义,这是软件的仓库,它可以是http 或ftp 站点,也可以是本地软件池,但必须包含rpm 的header,header 包括了rpm 包的各种信息,包括描述,功能,提供的文件,依赖性等。正是收集了这些header 并加以分析,才能自动化地完成余下的任务。
  yum 的理念是使用一个中心仓库(repository)管理一部分甚至一个distribution 的应用程序相互关系,根据计算出来的软件依赖关系进行相关的升级、安装、删除等等操作,减少了Linux 用户一直头痛的dependencies 的问题。这一点上,yum 和apt 相同。apt 原为debian 的deb 类型软件管理所使用,但是现在也能用到RedHat 门下的rpm 了。
  yum 主要功能是更方便的添加/删除/更新RPM 包,自动解决包的倚赖性问题,便于管理大量系统的更新问题。
  yum 可以同时配置多个资源库(Repository),简洁的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf),自动解决增加或删除rpm 包时遇到的依赖性问题,保持与RPM 数据库的一致性。
二、yum 安装
CentOS 默认已经安装了yum,不需要另外安装,这里为了实验目的,先将yum 卸载再重新安装。
1、查看系统默认安装的yum
# rpm -qa|grep yum
2、卸载yum
# rpm -e yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos
3、重新安装yum
这里可以通过wget 从网上下载相关包安装,也可以挂载系统安装光盘进行安装,这里选择挂载系统安装光盘进行安装。
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm
yum 的基础安装包包括:
yum  //RPM installer/updater
yum-fastestmirror  //Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist
yum-metadata-parser  //A fast metadata parser for yum
其他安装包根据自己需要安装。
三、yum 配置
yum 的配置文件分为两部分:main 和repository
main 部分定义了全局配置选项,整个yum 配置文件应该只有一个main。常位于/etc/yum.conf 中。
repository 部分定义了每个源/服务器的具体配置,可以有一到多个。常位于/etc/yum.repo.d 目录下的各文件中。
yum.conf 文件一般位于/etc目录下,一般其中只包含main部分的配置选项。
# cat /etc/yum.conf
cachedir=/var/cache/yum  //yum 缓存的目录,yum 在此存储下载的rpm 包和数据库,默认设置为/var/cache/yum
keepcache=0  //安装完成后是否保留软件包,0为不保留(默认为0),1为保留
debuglevel=2  //Debug 信息输出等级,范围为0-10,缺省为2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log  //yum 日志文件位置。用户可以到/var/log/yum.log 文件去查询过去所做的更新。
pkgpolicy=newest  //包的策略。一共有两个选项,newest 和last,这个作用是如果你设置了多个repository,而同一软件在不同的repository 中同时存在,yum 应该安装哪一个,如果是newest,则yum 会安装最新的那个版本。如果是last,则yum 会将服务器id 以字母表排序,并选择最后的那个服务器上的软件安装。一般都是选newest。distroverpkg=redhat-release  //指定一个软件包,yum 会根据这个包判断你的发行版本,默认是redhat-release,也可以是安装的任何针对自己发行版的rpm 包。
tolerant=1  //有1和0两个选项,表示yum 是否容忍命令行发生与软件包有关的错误,比如你要安装1,2,3三个包,而其中3此前已经安装了,如果你设为1,则yum 不会出现错误信息。默认是0。
exactarch=1  //有1和0两个选项,设置为1,则yum 只会安装和系统架构匹配的软件包,例如,yum 不会将i686的软件包安装在适合i386的系统中。默认为1。
retries=6  //网络连接发生错误后的重试次数,如果设为0,则会无限重试。默认值为6.obsoletes=1  //这是一个update 的参数,具体请参阅yum(8),简单的说就是相当于upgrade,允许更新陈旧的RPM包。
plugins=1  //是否启用插件,默认1为允许,0表示不允许。我们一般会用yum-fastestmirror这个插件。
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
# Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this.
metadata_expire=1h
installonly_limit = 5
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d
除了上述之外,还有一些可以添加的选项,如:
  exclude=selinux*  //&排除某些软件在升级名单之外,可以用通配符,列表中各个项目要用空格隔开,这个对于安装了诸如美化包,中文补丁的朋友特别有用。  gpgcheck=1  //&有1和0两个选择,分别代表是否是否进行gpg(GNU Private Guard) 校验,以确定rpm 包的来源是有效和安全的。这个选项如果设置在[main]部分,则对每个repository 都有效。默认值为0。
四、配置本地yum源
1、挂载系统安装光盘
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
2、配置本地yum源
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
会看到四个repo 文件
CentOS-Base.repo&是yum 网络源的配置文件
CentOS-Media.repo 是yum&本地源的配置文件
修改CentOS-Media.repo
# cat CentOS-Media.repo
# CentOS-Media.repo
# This repo is used to mount the default locations for a CDROM / DVD on
You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
DVD ISO that we release.
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
yum --enablerepo=c5-media [command]
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c5-media [command]
[c5-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/
file:///mnt/cdrom/
file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
在baseurl 中修改第2个路径为/mnt/cdrom(即为光盘挂载点)
将enabled=0改为1
3、禁用默认的yum 网络源
将yum 网络源配置文件改名为CentOS-Base.repo.bak,否则会先在网络源中寻找适合的包,改名之后直接从本地源读取。
4、执行yum 命令
# yum install postgresql
关于repo 文件的格式
所有repository&服务器设置都应该遵循如下格式:
[serverid]
name=Some name for this server
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
serverid 是用于区别各个不同的repository,必须有一个独一无二的名称;
name 是对repository 的描述,支持像$releasever $basearch这样的变量;
baseurl 是服务器设置中最重要的部分,只有设置正确,才能从上面获取软件。它的格式是:
baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/
     url://server2/path/to/repository/
     url://server3/path/to/repository/
其中url 支持的协议有 http:// ftp://&file://&三种。baseurl 后可以跟多个url,你可以自己改为速度比较快的镜像站,但baseurl 只能有一个,也就是说不能像如下格式:
baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/
baseurl=url://server2/path/to/repository/
baseurl=url://server3/path/to/repository/
其中url 指向的目录必须是这个repository header 目录的上一级,它也支持$releasever $basearch 这样的变量。url 之后可以加上多个选项,如gpgcheck、exclude、failovermethod 等,比如:
[updates-released]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates
baseurl=http://download.atrpms.net/mirrors/fedoracore/updates/$releasever/$basearch
     http://redhat.linux.ee/pub/fedora/linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
     http://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
exclude=gaim
failovermethod=priority
其中gpgcheck,exclude 的含义和[main] 部分相同,但只对此服务器起作用,failovermethode 有两个选项roundrobin 和priority,意思分别是有多个url可供选择时,yum 选择的次序,roundrobin 是随机选择,如果连接失败则使用下一个,依次循环,priority 则根据url 的次序从第一个开始。如果不指明,默认是roundrobin。
五、配置国内yum源
系统默认的yum 源速度往往不尽人意,为了达到快速安装的目的,在这里修改yum源为国内源。
上海交通大学yum源
a. 修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo为:
# CentOS-Base.repo
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.
You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
$releasever:代表发行版的版本,从[main]部分的distroverpkg获取,如果没有,则根据redhat-release包进行判断。
$arch:cpu体系,如i686,athlon等
$basearch:cpu的基本体系组,如i686和athlon同属i386,alpha和alphaev6同属alpha。
b.&导入GPG KEY
yum 可以使用gpg 对包进行校验,确保下载包的完整性,所以我们先要到各个repository 站点找到gpg key,一般都会放在首页的醒目位置,一些名字诸如RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 之类的纯文本文件,把它们下载下来,然后用rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5&命令将key 导入。
c.&执行yum 命令
其他国内yum源列表如下:
1. 企业贡献:搜狐开源镜像站:网易开源镜像站:
2. 大学教学:北京理工大学:&(IPv4 only)&(IPv6 only)北京交通大学:&(IPv4 only)&(IPv6 only)&(IPv4+IPv6)兰州大学:厦门大学:清华大学:&(IPv4+IPv6)&(IPv6 only)&(IPv4 only)天津大学:中国科学技术大学:&(IPv4+IPv6)东北大学:&(IPv4 only)&(IPv6 only)电子科技大学:
六、使用第三方软件库
Centos/RHEL默认的yum软件仓库非常有限,仅仅限于发行版本那几张盘里面的常规包和一些软件包的更新,利用RpmForge,可以增加非常多的第三方rpm软件包。RpmForge库现在已经拥有超过10000种的CentOS的软件包,被CentOS社区认为是最安全也是最稳定的一个第三方软件库。
1、安装yum-priorities插件
这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源,都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此,官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序,就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。
# yum -y install yum-priorities
2、安装完yum-priorities插件后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下的.repo相关文件(如CentOS-Base.repo),在这些文件中插入顺序指令:priority=N (N为1到99的正整数,数值越小越优先)
一般配置[base],&[addons],&[updates],&[extras] 的priority=1,[CentOSplus],&[contrib] 的priority=2,其他第三的软件源为:priority=N (推荐N&10)
以CentOS-Base.repo 为例:
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://ftp./centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
priority=1
3、下载与安装相应rpmforge的rpm文件包
4、安装DAG的PGP Key
# rpm --import
5、验证rpmforge的rpm文件包
# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.*.rpm
6、安装rpmforge的rpm文件包
# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
7、设置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的级别
[root@TS-DEV yum.repos.d]# cat rpmforge.repo&
### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 5 - dag
### URL: http://rpmforge.net/
[rpmforge]
name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/rpmforge
mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
gpgcheck = 1
priority=12
8、测试安装
# yum install htop
其他第三方软件库如&EPEL(Extra Packages for&Enterprise&Linux&) 和&RPMFusion 的安装与使用和RPMForge类似,可自行查找资料安装。
David Camp
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