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你可能喜欢光质对玉米叶片光合及光系统性能的影响
张善平, 冯海娟, 马存金, 李耕, 刘鹏, 董树亭, 赵斌, 张吉旺, 杨今胜. 光质对玉米叶片光合及光系统性能的影响. 中国农业科学, ): [ZHANG Shan-ping, FENG Hai-juan, MA Cun-jin, LI Geng, LIU Peng, DONG Shu-ting, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-wang, YANG Jin-sheng. Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Photosystem of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves
. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, ): ]&&
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光质对玉米叶片光合及光系统性能的影响
1.山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
2.山东登海种业股份有限公司,山东莱州 261448
通信作者:刘鹏,Tel：;E-mail：
联系方式：张善平,E-mail：。
基金:国家自然科学基金（71476）; 欧盟FP7国际合作项目（NUE-CROPS 222645）; 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2011BAD16B14,2012BAD04B05-2）; 国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（HY,HY1203096）; 山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新课题（2010）; 山东省良种工程玉米课题（2013）; 山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题（2011）
【目的】研究不同光质对玉米叶片光合作用及光系统性能的影响,旨在探讨阴天条件下光质变化对玉米光合作用影响的生理机理。【方法】在大田条件下,以郑单958（ZD958）和先玉335（XY335）为供试材料,设置3种光质处理,分别为红色膜（R）、蓝色膜（B）和绿色膜（G）,以白色纱网模拟阴天作为对照（CK）,试验于月在黄淮海玉米技术创新中心进行。于6片完全展开叶时进行光质处理,10 d以后,利用快速叶绿素荧光和820 nm光吸收技术测定气体交换参数、快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线及820 nm光吸收量的变化,分析光质对玉米叶片光合作用和光系统性能的作用方式。【结果】阴天和模拟阴天条件下,各波段辐射能所占比例基本与晴天一致,但各波段光的绝对量均显著下降,其中蓝紫光下降最多。3种色膜处理中,蓝膜在蓝紫光和紫外光（300—510 nm）下降最少,且所占比例较自然光显著增加。不同色膜处理后,XY335和ZD958净光合速率（Pn）均显著下降,下降幅度表现为绿膜（G）>红膜（R）>蓝膜（B）,XY335下降幅度为40.13%、32.68%和22.00%,ZD958为46.92%、37.69%、27.46%。与对照相比,各处理的气孔导度（Gs）显著下降,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）却显著上升。这说明,不同光质处理Pn下降是由非气孔因素引起的。除XY335在蓝膜下外,两玉米品种叶片不同色膜处理下捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA下游的电子受体的概率（Ψo）和以吸收光能为基础的性能指数（PIABS）均显著下降,下降的程度表现为绿膜>红膜>蓝膜,说明除XY335在蓝膜下表现出品种特异性之外,在不同的色膜处理下PSⅡ的性能均受到明显抑制,且不同处理对PSⅡ反应中心电子受体侧之后的电子传递链性能的抑制作用更大。除XY335在蓝膜下外,两品种不同光质处理叶片供体侧性能（Wk）和受体侧性能（Vj）均显著降低,这说明蓝膜对两品种PSⅡ供体侧和受体侧性能影响较小。而绿膜和红膜均显著降低了两品种PSⅡ供体侧和受体侧的性能,且绿膜下供体侧性能降低幅度大于受体侧,而红膜下反之。XY335和ZD958在不同色膜下PSI的最大氧化还原能力（ΔI/Io）和两光系统间的协调性（Φ（PSⅠ/ PSⅡ））均显著下降,表现为红膜>绿膜>蓝膜。【结论】阴雨天气下,可见光波段中蓝紫光的减少使得玉米叶片光系统Ⅰ的性能显著下降,造成两光系统间的协调性下降,从而降低了光合电子传递链的性能,最终导致净光合速率的下降。
叶绿素荧光
Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Photosystem of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves
ZHANG Shan-ping1,
FENG Hai-juan1,
MA Cun-jin1,
LIU Peng1,
DONG Shu-ting1,
ZHAO Bin1,
ZHANG Ji-wang1,
YANG Jin-sheng2
1.College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
2.Shandong Denghai Seed-Breeding Co., Ltd. of Shandong Province, Laizhou 261448, Shandong
【Objective】The effect of different light qualities on photosynthesis and photosystem of maize leaves was studied to explore the physiological mechanism of photosynthesis in cloudy.【Method】Two maize varieties were chosen as materials. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) is a common variety mainly planted in northern China, and Xianyu 335 (XY335) is sweeping in the Northeast of China. The two varieties were planted in field at National Maize Technology Innovation Center of the Huanghuaihai Region. Four light quality treatments were designed, including red film (R), green film (G), blue film (B) and white gauze simulation on cloudy days as a control (CK) at the stage of V6. After 10 days of treatment, the parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm of maize leaves were measured for analyzing the effects of different light qualities on photosynthesis and photosystem.【Result】The percent of radiant energy of different light wave bands in overall radiant energy was the same with sunny days in cloudy days and simulated-cloudy days, but its absolute amount were significantly declined and the reduction of blue-violet was the largest. Blue film's decline was minimum at 300-510 nm in the three films. On the other hand, the percent of radiant energy of blue film at 300-510 nm increased significantly than sunny days. The results showed that leaves net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of XY335 and ZD958 decreased significantly under green film, red film and blue film, and the decrease was 40.13%, 32.68%, 22.00% and 46.92%, 37.69%, 27.46%, respectively. Compared with the control, the stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased significantly, but intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased significantly, which demonstrated that the declines ofPn were not mainly related to stomatic factors under different light qualities. The probability of that a trapped exciton the moves an electron further than QA by trapped exciton (Ψo) and performance index (PIABS) of maize leaves were all declined significantly besides XY 335 under blue film, showing G>R>B. This demonstrated that the performance of PSⅡ was restrained significantly, especially the performance of the electron transport chain after PSⅡ reaction center electron acceptor side. The performances of electron donor side and acceptor side of PSⅡ were all declined significantly besides XY 335 under blue film. This demonstrated that there was a little effect of blue film on electron donor and acceptor. However, the decrease of activity of electron donor side was larger than the electron acceptor side under green film, but it was opposite under red film. It was found that the performance of PSⅡ (Ψo) was declined under different light qualities besides XY 335 under blue film. Most importantly, the performances of PSⅠ(ΔI/Io) and Φ（PSⅠ/ PSⅡ）of two varieties were all declined under different films, showing R>G>B.【Conclusion】The decline of blue-violet of visible light made the performance of PSⅠ dropped significantly in cloudy days, which resulted in the depressed coordination between PSⅡ and PSⅠ. And then the performance of electron transport chain in photosynthesis declined, and causedPn decline.
light quality;
photosynthesis;
photosystem;
chlorophyll fluorescence
0 引言【研究意义】光是植物生长发育过程中最重要的生态因子之一。不同光质对植物生长、形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢以及基因表达均有调控作用[]。不同植物种类、发育时期、生长状态、组织或器官对同一种光质的反应不同,表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性[]。许多研究表明,光合器官的发育受光调控,红光对光合器官的正常发育至关重要,它通过抑制叶片中光合产物的输出来增加叶片中淀粉的积累;蓝光调控叶绿素形成、叶绿体发育、气孔开启以及光合节律等生理过程[]。光质、光强能够调节光合作用不同类型叶绿素蛋白质复合物的形成以及光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）和光系统Ⅰ（PSⅠ）间的电子传递[,]。黄淮海区域夏玉米生长期内多阴雨寡照天气,尤其是在花粒期经常遭受阴雨寡照天气的影响。阴天时不仅总辐射能被大大削弱,而且其红光波段的辐射能与总辐射能的比值变小[],对光合作用的影响较大。因此研究不同光质对玉米叶片光系统性能的影响,有助于阐明阴天条件下光质的变化对夏玉米叶片光系统性能和产量的影响。【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[,,,,],然而得出的结论却不一致。蒲高斌等[]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[,],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[]、黄光下的黄瓜[]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累。不同光质下引起作物的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数[,,]、PSⅠ和PSⅡ的协调性[,],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[],氮代谢关键酶活性[],抗氧化酶活性[]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性。【本研究切入点】前人利用人工遮荫的方式研究了阴雨寡照对玉米光合性能的影响。但关于阴天条件下,光质变化对玉米叶片光系统性能的影响尚不清晰,需进一步深入研究。【拟解决的关键问题】本文以人工模拟阴天为对照,采用不同的色膜处理,利用快速叶绿素荧光和820 nm光吸收技术,研究模拟阴天条件下不同光质对玉米光合作用及光系统活性的影响,旨在探讨阴天条件下光质变化对玉米叶片光合作用影响的深层机理,为玉米高产栽培生理提供理论依据。1 材料与方法1.1 试验设计供试材料为郑单958（ZD958）和先玉335（XY335）。试验于月在山东农业大学黄淮海玉米技术创新中心进行,大田种植,试验田0—20 cm耕层土壤有机质含量10.41 g·kg-1,全氮0.75 g·kg-1,碱解氮57.39 mg·kg-1,速效磷37.05 mg·kg-1,速效钾127.12 mg·kg-1。将两品种按照67 500株/hm2的密度种植,行距60 cm,株距24.7 cm,覆盖地膜以提高地温,其它管理措施同一般高产田。以自然光为光源,于植株6片完全展开叶期（V6）开始处理,以白色纱网模拟阴天作为对照（CK）,设置红色膜（R）、蓝色膜（B）、绿色膜（G）（上海伟康有色薄膜厂生产）3种光质处理,将不同色膜覆盖于支架外面（长×宽×高=100 cm×90 cm×180 cm）,膜高度比植株高50 cm左右,用白色纱网调整使各处理光强一致,支架两端设置电扇以保持膜内外温度、湿度基本一致。每处理重复3次,每重复5株,处理10 d后先测定气体交换参数,然后利用M-PEA同时测定快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线和820 nm光吸收曲线。1.2 测定项目及方法1.2.1 光谱分析 不同色膜及天气的透射光谱采用UNISPEC-SC单通道便携式光谱分析仪测定。其波段范围为300—1 100 nm,采样间隔为3.3 nm,精确度为0.3 nm。于晴天中午12：00点左右测定晴天太阳光及不同色膜光谱,选择阴天的中午12：00左右测定阴天时太阳光的光谱成分。1.2.2 气体交换参数的测定 用CIRAS-Ⅱ型便携式光合仪（PP System,英国）于晴天上午10：00—12：00测定净光合速率（ Pn）、气孔导度（ Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（ Ci）等参数。测定时统一使用LED光源,PAR= 1 600 &#x003mol·m-2·s-1,瞬时CO2浓度为（380±5）&#x003mol·mol-1。1.2.3 快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线及820 nm光吸收曲线的测定 参考Schansker等[]的方法,测定前先将叶片暗适应20 min,然后利用M-PEA（Hansatech,英国）同时测定叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线（O-J-I-P曲线）和对820 nm（远红光测量光为峰值（820±20）nm）的光吸收曲线。OJIP 曲线由5 000 &#x003mol·m-2·s-1的红光诱导,荧光信号记录从10 &#x003s开始,至2 s结束,记录的初始速率为每秒钟105个数据。820 nm光吸收曲线由 250 &#x003mol·m-2·s-1的远红光诱导,记录时间为2 s。以820 nm光吸收的相对振幅（Δ I/ Io）作为衡量PSⅠ最大氧化还原能力的指标,用以表示PSⅠ的活性。1.2.4 JIP-test分析 根据Strasser等[,]的方法,对获得的OJIP荧光诱导曲线进行分析。分析时需知 Fo（20 &#x003s时荧光,O相）、 Fk（300 &#x003s时荧光,K相）、 Fj（2 ms时荧光,J相）、 Fi（30 ms时荧光,I相）、 Fm（最大荧光,P相）;可变荧光 Fk占 Fj- Fo振幅的比例 Wk;可变荧光 Fj占 Fp- Fo振幅的比例 Vj;捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA下游的其他电子受体的概率 Ψo;以吸收光能为基础的光化学性能指数 PIABS。1.2.5 数据分析 试验数据采用Microsoft Excel 2003进行计算,用DPS 11.0统计软件LSD法进行显著性及方差分析,以Sigmaplot 10.0作图。2 结果2.1 不同色膜光谱特征分析从和可知,阴天和模拟阴天条件下,各波段辐射能所占比例基本与晴天一致,但各波段光的绝对量均显著下降,其中蓝紫光下降最多,分别达到了44.80%和50.32%。绿膜中300—710 nm波段的光与晴天相比大幅下降,710—1 100 nm波段的红外光则显著增加,绿光辐射能基本与蓝膜和红膜一致。红膜中300—610 nm波段的紫外光、蓝紫光和绿光光显著下降,而610—1 100 nm波段的红橙光和红外光大幅增加,使得紫外光与蓝紫光比例达到了1.01,远远大于对照的0.07,红橙光与蓝紫光的比例达到了37.81。3种色膜处理中,蓝膜在蓝紫光和紫外光（300—510 nm）下降最少,且所占比例较自然光显著增加。图1Fig. 1 图1 不同色膜及天气的光谱图Fig. 1 The spectrogram of different color films and weathers表1Table 1表1(Table 1)
表1 光谱特征分析
Table 1 Analysis of spectral characters波段Wave bands各波段光谱辐射能占相应总辐射能的百分数The percent of radiant energy of different light wave bands in overall radiant energy各波段光谱辐射能相对于晴天下降的百分数The percent of radiant energy of different light wave bands from sunny晴天Sunny阴天Cloudy模拟阴天CK绿膜Green film红膜Red film蓝膜Blue film阴天Cloudy模拟阴天CK绿膜Green film红膜Red film蓝膜Blue film紫外光Ultraviolet(300-400 nm)2.12 %4.29 %2.26 %1.03 %1.12 %3.84 %17.92 %41.80 %88.47 %71.16 %26.27 %蓝紫光blue-violet(400-510 nm)28.36 %27.76 %28.35 %7.39 %1.11 %41.93 %44.80 %50.32 %91.80 %97.41 %30.08 %绿光Green(510-610 nm)31.63 %29.30 %29.92 %17.41 %6.63 %7.82 %41.13 %47.02 %80.38 %83.17 %86.61 %红橙光Red(610-710 nm)18.63 %19.54 %19.95 %17.22 %41.86 %8.73 %27.41 %34.67 %64.13 %-96.63 %72.35 %近红外Near infrared(710-760 nm )6.80 %7.77 %7.94 %18.84 %17.28 %12.23 %23.30 %30.97 %-9.10 %-125.30 %-7.71 %远红外Far-red(760-1100 nm)12.30 %11.76 %12.01 %37.68 %31.81 %25.20 %39.40 %45.46 %-9.01 %-107.41 %-10.83 %紫外光/蓝紫光 Ultraviolet/Blue0.070.150.070.141.010.09红橙光/蓝紫光Red/Blue-violet0.660.700.682.3337.810.21红光/远红光Red/Far-red1.511.661.630.461.320.35括号中数值表示各波段光谱辐射能相对于对照下降的百分数Values in parenthesis are percentum of radiant energy of different light wave bands from CK (300-1100 nm)
表1 光谱特征分析
Table 1 Analysis of spectral characters2.2 光质对玉米叶片气体交换参数的影响由可知,与模拟阴天的对照相比不同光质处理 Pn均显著下降,下降幅度表现为G>R>B,XY335和ZD958分别下降了40.13%、32.68%、22.00%和46.92%、37.69%、27.46%。同时,与模拟阴天的对照相比, Gs显著下降, Ci显著上升。这说明,不同光质处理后 Pn下降是由非气孔因素引起的。表2Table 2表2(Table 2)
表2 不同光质处理对玉米叶片气体交换参数的影响
Table 2 Effects of different light qualities on gas exchange parameter of maize leaves品种 Varieties处理 Treatment净光合速率 Pn (&#x003mol·m-2·s-1)胞间 CO2浓度 Ci (&#x003mol·mol-1)气孔导度 Gs (mmol·m-2·s-1)XY335CK30.2 ± 1.3 a171.4 ± 3.2 c243.4 ± 9.5 aB23.6 ± 0.5 b198.3 ± 4.6 b222.5 ± 6.8 bR20.4 ± 0.9 c225.1 ± 2.7 a224.7 ± 4.4 bG18.1 ± 0.4 d192.1 ± 4.8 b182.5 ± 5.3 cZD958CK30.3 ± 0.4 a159.7 ± 3.3 d271.0 ± 10.5 aB22.0 ± 1.0 b170.2 ± 5.5 c199.6 ± 7.3 bR18.9 ± 0.7 c185.5 ± 3.6 b184.3 ± 3.8 cG16.1 ± 0.5 d217.5 ± 6.1 a171.2 ± 4.5 d表内不同处理名称缩写详见试验设计,不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异达5%显著水平。下同The acronym of name of different treatments is shown in the experimental design and different letters in table are significant at 5% level under different treatment. The same as below
表2 不同光质处理对玉米叶片气体交换参数的影响
Table 2 Effects of different light qualities on gas exchange parameter of maize leaves2.3 光质对玉米叶片PSⅡ性能的影响2.3.1 光质对玉米叶片PSⅡ性能的影响 由可知,将数据标准化以后,以CK作为参考,不同的光质显著改变了两玉米品种快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的形状,表现出绿膜>红膜>蓝膜>对照。由可知,除XY335在蓝膜下外,不同光质对两品种玉米叶片捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中 QA下游的电子受体的概率（ Ψo）均显著下降。两品种下降的程度为绿膜>红膜>蓝膜,分别为7.63%、7.00%、0.96%和8.08%、7.51%、5.27%。以吸收光能为基础的性能指数（ PIABS）亦是除XY335在蓝膜下之外,两品种均显著下降,在绿膜、红膜和蓝膜下相对于CK 分别下降了17.41%、20.97%、2.11%和25.25%、15.33%、12.46%。由此可知,除XY335在蓝膜下表现出品种特异性之外,在不同的光质处理下PSⅡ的性能均受到明显的抑制,且对PSⅡ反应中心电子受体侧之后的电子传递链性能的抑制更大。图2Fig. 2 图2 光质对玉米叶片光系统II（PS II）相对可变荧光强度差值（Δ Vt）的影响Fig. 2 Effects of different light qualities on the relative variable fluorescence intensity (Δ Vt) of maize leaves图3Fig. 3 图3 不同光质对玉米叶片捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA下游的电子受体的概率( Ψo)和以吸收光能为基础的性能指数( PIABS)的影响Fig. 3 Effects of different light quality treatments on the probability of that a trapped exciton the moves an electron further than QA by trapped exciton ( Ψo) and performance index ( PIABS) of maize leaves2.3.2 光质对玉米叶片PSⅡ电子供/受体侧性能的影响 对获得的OJIP荧光诱导曲线进行JIP-test分析, Wk和 Vj分别代表了PSⅡ电子供∕受体侧的性能[,]。与对照相比,两品种不同的光质处理的叶片 Wk和 Vj均显著增加（）。在绿膜和红膜下,XY335和ZD958的 Wk值分别上升了16.99%、9.13%和12.61%、3.69%。而在蓝膜下,二者仅仅上升了0.09%和1.11%,无显著差异。同样,在绿膜、红膜和蓝膜下,XY335和ZD958的 Vj值分别上升了11.46%、10.52%、1.44%和9.94%、9.23%、6.48%。这表明蓝膜对两品种PSⅡ供体侧和受体侧性能影响较小;而绿膜和红膜均显著降低了两品种PSⅡ供体侧和受体侧的性能,且绿膜下供体侧性能降低幅度大于受体侧,而红膜下反之。图4Fig. 4 图4 光质对玉米叶片叶绿素可变荧光 Fk占 Fo- Fj振幅的比例( Wk)与可变荧光 Fj占 Fo- Fp振幅比例( Vj)的影响Fig. 4 Effects of different light quality treatments on ratio ( Wk) of variable fluorescence Fk on amplitude Fo- Fjand ratio ( Vj) of variable fluorescence Fjto amplitude Fo- Fp of maize leaves2.4 光质对玉米叶片PSⅠ性能的影响如所示,不同光质处理后两玉米品种叶片PSI对820 nm的光吸收量显著减少,表现为红膜>绿膜>蓝膜>对照。ΔI/ Io反映了 PS I的最大氧化还原能力,用来表示 PS I的活性[],从可以看出,XY335和ZD958在不同光质下PS I的最大氧化还原能力（Δ I/ Io）均显著下降,其中红膜下降最多,分别达到了95.78%和78.73%;绿膜次之,达到了89.16%和72.06%;蓝膜最少,为30.05%和20.89%。这表明,在红膜和绿膜下,玉米叶片PS I的性能急剧下降,几乎丧失了基本的电子传递能力。图5Fig. 5 图5 光质对玉米叶片光系统I 820 nm相对光吸收值( It)的影响Fig. 5 Effects of different light qualities on PS I 820 nm relative light absorbance ( It) of maize leaves图6Fig. 6 图6 不同光质对玉米叶片PSⅠ最大氧化还原能力Δ I/ Io的影响Fig. 6 Effect of different light quality on the maximum PSⅠ redox acitity Δ I/ Io of maize leaves2.5 光质对玉米叶片PSⅡ和PSⅠ协调性的影响由可知,不同的光质处理下,叶片光系统间的协调性（Φ（PSⅠ/PSⅡ））均显著下降。红膜对光系统协调性的影响最大、蓝膜影响最小;XY335光系统协调性对光质变化的敏感度大于ZD958。XY335红膜、绿膜和蓝膜处理光系统协调性分别下降了95.46%、88.27%和29.38%;而ZD958为77.01%、69.61%、16.49%。这和PSⅠ性能下降的幅度基本一致,因此认为,叶片两光系统间协调性的下降,主要来自于PSⅠ性能的下降。图7Fig. 7 图7 不同光质对玉米叶片光系统间协调性（Φ（PSⅠ/PSⅡ））的影响Fig. 7 Effects of different light quality on coordination between photosystem Ⅰ and Ⅱ (Φ(PSⅠ/PSⅡ)) of maize leaves3 讨论3.1 光质对气体交换参数的影响前人研究表明,红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的 Pn较高;亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜 Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的 Pn较低[,,,,,,]。结论不尽一致,表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性。本研究结果表明,玉米 Pn在蓝膜下最高,绿膜下最小。各光质处理 Gs相对于对照也显著下降, Ci却显著上升。这说明,不同光质处理下 Pn的下降不是由气孔因素导致的。分析不同作物对光质反应不一致的原因,可能是不同作物的光饱和点不一致,如果是光饱和点较低的作物,波长较短、能量较高的蓝紫光会产生光抑制;而玉米的光饱和点较高,需要的激发能量较高,因此表现出在蓝膜处理下 Pn最大。3.2 光质对PSII性能的影响光系统II （PSII）作为光合作用发生的首要位点,其性能强弱直接决定了用于羧化反应氧化还原力的多少,具有限制光能利用率和维持光合作用的重要功能[,]。PSII反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧的性能很大程度上决定了PSII的整体性能[,,]。 Ψo是评估 PSII 反应中心电子传递链性能强弱的重要指标,受 PSII 供体侧的电子供应能力和受体侧接收电子的能力制约; PIABS则可以衡量 PSII 整体性能[]。J点（ Vj）荧光的变量可以表明QA的积累量,用于评价PSII电子受体K点的荧光变量（ Wk）能够评价放氧复合体系统（OEC）活性被抑制的程度[,]。比较K和J点相对荧光强度（ Wk和 Vj）,可显示PSII反应中心电子供/受体侧的性能,是判断PSII反应中心电子传递流畅与否的重要指标之一[,]。本研究表明,除XY335在蓝膜下表现出品种特异性之外,在不同的光质处理下 Ψo和 PIABS均显著降低,PSⅡ的性能均受到明显的抑制;且 PIABS的下降幅度大于 Ψo,这表明不同光质对PSⅡ反应中心电子受体侧之后的电子传递链性能的抑制更大。在蓝膜、红膜处理下, Vj的下降幅度显著大于 Wk,说明PSⅡ性能的下降主要是因为受体侧性能下降引起的;而绿膜下供体侧OEC性能的下降程度大于受体侧,是PSⅡ性能下降的主要原因。3.3 光质对PS I性能的影响前人研究认为低温弱光下,PSⅠ是光抑制的主要位点,而强光下PSⅡ是光抑制的位点[,,]。本研究表明在绿膜和红膜下高能量的蓝紫光显著减少,形成了弱光效应,PSⅠ发生了明显的光抑制,显著降低了PSⅠ性能。且PSⅠ性能的降低显著大于PSⅡ,引起了PSII与 PSⅠ协调性（Φ（PSⅠ/PSⅡ））的下降,严重降低了电子传递的能力,无法向羧化系统提供足够的电子以生成NADPH,从而降低了 Pn。绿膜和红膜在蓝紫光区相比蓝膜下降明显,这说明可见光区的蓝紫光对PSⅠ的性能影响较大。PSⅠ性能的降低是因为蓝紫光的减少抑制了羧化系统的性能,导致大量电子在PSⅠ位点累积,从而导致性能下降?还是蓝紫光的减少直接抑制了PSⅠ性能?还需要进一步的研究。4 结论阴雨天气下,可见光波段中高能量的蓝紫光减少是玉米叶片光系统Ⅰ的性能显著下降的重要原因之一,造成两光系统间的协调性下降,从而降低了光合电子传递链的性能,最终导致净光合速率的下降。
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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作物的生长是光形态建成的过程,光质在作物生长发育过程起重要的调节作用.该文综述了光质对作物形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢、基因表达的影响及其通过光受体和激素调节等方面作用机理的研究现状,展望了光质在作物方面的研究方向和途径,提出了光质对作物生长发育研究的意义和目的,以期为光质对作物生长发育影响的进一步研究提供参考.
... 不同光质对植物生长、形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢以及基因表达均有调控作用[1] ...
... 不同植物种类、发育时期、生长状态、组织或器官对同一种光质的反应不同,表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性[2] ...
Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. ):177-185
Arne Saeb? (1) , Trygve Krekling (3) , Maigull Appelgren (1)
1. Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5022, N-1432, ?s, Norway
3. Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department Electr. Micr., P.O. Box 5026, N-1432, ?S, Norway
Cultures in vitro of Betula pendula Roth were subjected to light of different spectral qualities. Photosynthetic capacity was highest when the plantlets were exposed to blue light (max recorded photosynthesis, 82 μmol CO 2 dm -2 h -1 ) and lowest when irradiated with light high in red and/or far-red wave lengths (max recorded photosynthesis, 40 μmol CO 2 dm -2 h -1 ). Highest chlorophyll content (2.2 mg dm -2 leaf area) was found in cultures irradiated with blue light, which also enhanced the leaf area. Morphometric analysis of light micrographs showed that the epidermal cell areas were largest in plantlets subjected to blue light and smallest in those subjected to red light. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs of palisade cells, showed that the functional chloroplast area was largest in chloroplasts of leaves subjected to blue light and smallest in those exposed to red light. We suggest that light quality affects photosynthesis both through effects on the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus and on translocation of carbohydrates from chloroplasts.
... 蓝光调控叶绿素形成、叶绿体发育、气孔开启以及光合节律等生理过程[3] ...
... ）间的电子传递[4,5] ...
... ）间的电子传递[4,5] ...
... 阴天时不仅总辐射能被大大削弱,而且其红光波段的辐射能与总辐射能的比值变小[6],对光合作用的影响较大 ...
... 【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[7,8,9,10,11],然而得出的结论却不一致 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
... 【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[7,8,9,10,11],然而得出的结论却不一致 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
... 【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[7,8,9,10,11],然而得出的结论却不一致 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室
【目的】探讨光质对苗期生姜叶片光能利用及光合特性的影响，为生姜苗期遮光处理提供理论依据。【方法】以莱芜大姜为试材，采用不同颜色塑料薄膜及尼龙纱网进行苗期遮光处理，创造光强相同而光质不同的环境条件，测定叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合速率和光呼吸速率日变化及光合特征参数。【结果】不同处理叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化动态相似，但叶片Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ、qP和光化学反射指数（PRI）均以绿膜处理最高，其次为蓝膜和白膜处理，红膜处理最低；而PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数（β/α-1）和NPQ则以绿膜处理最低，蓝膜、白膜和红膜处理依次升高。叶片Pn日变化均为有明显午休的双峰曲线，但由高到低依次为绿膜、白膜、红膜、蓝膜；而Pr及Pr/Pn则相反。红膜处理叶片AQY较高而光补偿点较低；绿膜处理叶片CE、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和光合速率较高。【结论】适当增加遮光光质中绿光比例，生姜叶片午间光抑制程度较轻，PSⅠ和PSⅡ间线性电子传递协调性较好，激发能热耗散较低，光能利用效率较高。因此，绿膜处理叶片适应强光能力较强，Pn较高。
... 【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[7,8,9,10,11],然而得出的结论却不一致 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 的协调性[10,13],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[14],氮代谢关键酶活性[15],抗氧化酶活性[16]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
Through contrast experements in greenhouse with different color film covers,effects of light quality (spectrum) on growth,development,yield,quality and disease of crop and vegetable are researched.The spectra in yellow film cover greenhouse is better for cucumber.Its disease rate and disease index decrease 36.7% and 0.048,yield increases 8.2% compared with white film cover.??
通过不同颜色聚氯乙烯薄膜大棚对比实验，研究了光质(光谱)对作物和蔬菜生长发育、产量、品质及发病率的影响 。黄色聚氯乙烯薄膜大棚内黄瓜发病率和发病指数比对照降低36.7%和0.048，产量提高8.2%。
... 【前人研究进展】前人关于光质对果蔬作物草莓、番茄、烟叶、莴苣、姜等的影响做了大量研究[7,8,9,10,11],然而得出的结论却不一致 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 不同光质下引起作物的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数[11,12,13]、PS#cod#x02160 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
. ):369-375
浙江大学果实分子生理与生物技术实验室
Chlorophyll contents, maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) , Fm/Fo, amount of inactive PSⅡreaction centers (Fi-Fo) and rate of QA reduction were correlated with red/blue ratios positively, but chlorophyll (a/b) ratios were correlated with red/blue ratios negatively. Carotenoid contents were in the order: blue film >green film> red film, white film and yellow film, which were correlated with red/far-red ratios negatively. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), photorespiratory rate（Pr）and carboxylation efficiency (CE) also were strongly affected by light quality. The net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of strawberry leaves under green film was significantly lower than that of under all other film treatments.
不同光质下草莓叶片的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm、Fm/Fo、PSⅡ无活性反应中心数量和QA 的还原速率与不同光质中的红光/蓝光比值呈正相关，而叶绿素a/b比值与红光/蓝光比值呈负相关。不同光质下草莓叶片类胡萝卜素的含量蓝膜＞绿膜＞红膜、白色膜、黄膜，与红光/远红光（R/FR）呈负相关。不同光质对草莓叶片的表观量子效率、羧化效率及光呼吸速率影响较大。除绿膜下草莓叶片的净光合速率较低外，其它膜下草莓叶片的净光合速率均无明显差异。
... 蒲高斌等[7]的研究证明红光处理下番茄幼苗、烟叶、莴苣叶片的净光合速率较高[8,9],亦有研究表明蓝光下姜苗[10]、黄光下的黄瓜[11]光合速率较高,而徐凯等[12]研究认为绿膜下草莓、姜苗[10]叶片和蓝膜下的黄瓜[11]的净光合速率较低,不利于光合产物的积累 ...
... 不同光质下引起作物的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数[11,12,13]、PS#cod#x02160 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
... 不同光质下引起作物的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数[11,12,13]、PS#cod#x02160 ...
... 的协调性[10,13],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[14],氮代谢关键酶活性[15],抗氧化酶活性[16]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性 ...
... 亦有蓝光下姜苗、黄光下的黄瓜Pn较高,蓝膜下的黄瓜和绿膜下草莓、姜苗叶片的Pn较低[7,8,9,10,11,12,13] ...
... 的协调性[10,13],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[14],氮代谢关键酶活性[15],抗氧化酶活性[16]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性 ...
... 的协调性[10,13],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[14],氮代谢关键酶活性[15],抗氧化酶活性[16]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性 ...
探讨了不同光质(白光、红光、黄光、绿光和蓝光)对不同品种彩色甜椒幼苗生长及酶活性的影响.结果表明,白光和黄光培养壮苗的效果最好,蓝光和红光次之,绿光下徒长.幼苗生长过程中,白光下叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、硝酸还原酶(NR)和抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性最高,超氧化物氧化酶(SOD)活性最低,绿光下SOD活性最高.各种光质间存在差异性,白光较好.
... 的协调性[10,13],Ca2+-ATPase、H+-ATPase[14],氮代谢关键酶活性[15],抗氧化酶活性[16]的变化均表现出光质生物学反应的复杂性 ...
... 3 快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线及820 nm光吸收曲线的测定 参考Schansker等[17]的方法,测定前先将叶片暗适应20 min,然后利用M-PEA（Hansatech,英国）同时测定叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线（O-J-I-P曲线）和对820 nm（远红光测量光为峰值（820#cod#x000b1 ...
... I/Io反映了 PS I的最大氧化还原能力,用来表示 PS I的活性[17],从图6可以看出,XY335和ZD958在不同光质下PS I的最大氧化还原能力（#cod#x00394 ...
... 4 JIP-test分析 根据Strasser等[18,19]的方法,对获得的OJIP荧光诱导曲线进行分析 ...
... 受体侧的性能[18,19] ...
... 2 光质对PSII性能的影响光系统II （PSII）作为光合作用发生的首要位点,其性能强弱直接决定了用于羧化反应氧化还原力的多少,具有限制光能利用率和维持光合作用的重要功能[18,19] ...
... 4 JIP-test分析 根据Strasser等[18,19]的方法,对获得的OJIP荧光诱导曲线进行分析 ...
... 受体侧的性能[18,19] ...
... 2 光质对PSII性能的影响光系统II （PSII）作为光合作用发生的首要位点,其性能强弱直接决定了用于羧化反应氧化还原力的多少,具有限制光能利用率和维持光合作用的重要功能[18,19] ...
College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural U 2 College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural U 3 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai&an 271018, China
At grain filling stage, the effects of drought stress on photosynthetic acivities of photosystem
I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) in leaves of maize (Zhengdan 21, a cultivar with high starch content) were studied by simultaneously analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm. The results, obtained from two years experiments, demonstrated that the drought stress significantly reduced photosynthesis ( P P A in PS II. The acceptor side of PSII was damaged more severely than the donor side of PSII. Furthermore, the maximal oxidation-reduction activity of PS I ( &D
) was also significantly decreased by the drought stress, which inhibited the photosynthetic electron tranport from the PS II to PS I, destructing the coordination between PS I and PS II. We suggest that the inhibition of PS I and PS II and the destruction of the coordination between PS I and PS II by the drought stress is one of the main reasons to cause the decrease in photosyntheis and grain yield of maize.
以高淀粉玉米品种郑单 21 为材料，借助叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线和 820 nm 光吸收曲线，研究了灌浆期土壤干旱胁迫对玉米籽粒产量和对叶片光系统 I (PSI) 及光系统 II (PS II) 活性的影响。两年的研究结果均表明，干旱胁迫显著抑制叶片光合速率 ( P
和籽粒产量 ( P
。 JIP-test 分析发现干旱胁迫导致叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线中的 K 点和 J 点上升，表明 PS II 放氧复合体 (OEC) 和 Q A
之后的电子传递链受到抑制，且 PS II 受体侧受抑制的程度大于供体侧。此外，干旱胁迫也显著地抑制 PS I 的最大氧化还原活性 ( &D
) ，阻碍光合电子从 PS II 向 PS I 的传递，破坏了 PS I 和 PS II 的协调性。我们认为干旱胁迫抑制 PS I 和 PS II 活性并破坏二者的协调性，是导致导致
和籽粒产量下降的重要原因之一。
... PSII反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧的性能很大程度上决定了PSII的整体性能[20,21,22] ...
. ):536-542
以玉米自交系齐319(Q319)为材料,采用单株盆栽种植方式,借助叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线和820 nm光吸收曲线,研究了氮素对玉米灌浆期叶片光合性能的影响.2年研究结果表明,在本试验条件下,氮素对Q319灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量无明显提高作用,但其净光合速率(Pn)和单株干物质积累量、子粒产量显著增加.JIP-test分析表明,氮素显著提高了叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧性能;显著提高了Q319 PSⅡ反应中心电子受体侧之后的电子传递链性能,增强了电子由PSⅡ向PSⅠ的分配,从而显著地提高了PSⅡ与PSⅠ之间的协调性.可以认为,施氮后灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量的变化不是Pn提高的主要原因,而两个光系统性能的改善及二者间协调性的提高增强了光合电子传递链的性能是灌浆期Pn升高与成熟期产量增加的主要原因.
... PSII反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧的性能很大程度上决定了PSII的整体性能[20,21,22] ...
1.山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室 2.山东农业大学生命科学学院
【Objective】 The effect of Cd on photosystem activities of maize leaves, and the action site and ways of Cd to photosynthesis were studied in order to provide a theoretical foundation for understanding of the injury mechanisms of Cd to the photosynthetic apparatus.【Method】Two maize varieties were chosen as materials. One is the common variety mainly planted in northern China, Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). Another is a new variety with higher yielding potential, Denghai 661 (DH661). Maize seedling was continuously cultured with different Hoagland&s solution containing 0, 10, 30 and 60 &mol&L-1 of CdSO4 after 3-leaf-stage. After 40 days of treatment, the parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm of maize leaves were measured for analying the injury reason of Cd to the photosynthetic apparatus. 【Result】 It was found that the declines of Pn were not mainly related to stomatic factors under Cd stress. After Cd treatment, both fluorescence at K-step (Wk) of PSⅡ electron donor side and the fluorescence at J-step (Vj) of acceptor side were increased. However, the decrease of activity of electron donor side was lager than the electron acceptor side, which caused the decline of &Po. With the increase of Cd concentration, the activity of RUBP (Ribulose 1,5-Biphosphate) decreased significantly, the utilization rate of NADPH was also decreased. They caused the electron accumulation in PSⅠ increased and the 820 nm light absorption of PSⅠ (&DIR/Io) decrease. And then, which caused the activity declined of PSⅡ was not in keeping with PSⅠ, thus depressed the coordination between PSⅡ and PSⅠ (&P(PSI/PSⅡ)).【Conclusion】Under the Cd stress, the main reason of Pn declined was not caused by non-stomata limitation. Cd decreased the activity of PSⅡ electron donor side, which resulted in the performance of PSⅡ declined and reduced the amount of electron transport to PSⅠ. The most importantly, the increased amount of electron accumulation in PSⅠ fed back by the carboxylation system was more than the decreased amount of electron transport form PSⅡ that resulted in the PSⅠ performance declined sharply, which depressed the coordination of PSⅡ and PSⅠ, and caused Pn declining.
【目的】研究Cd对玉米叶片光系统活性的影响及其抑制光合性能的作用位点与方式，为进一步解释Cd对玉米叶片光合机构伤害机理提供理论依据。【方法】以郑单958和登海661为供试材料，3叶期开始以Hoagland营养液为养分来源，设置4个不同浓度Cd处理连续培养40 d，选择第8片展开叶测定气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线及820 nm光吸收曲线，分析Cd抑制玉米叶片光合机构性能的主要原因。【结果】Cd胁迫下，PSⅡ电子供体侧K点荧光（Wk）和受体侧J点荧光（Vj）明显增加，与受体侧相比，供体侧性能下降导致PSⅡ性能（&Po）降低。Cd胁迫使RuBP羧化酶活性和光能产物（NADPH）利用率显著降低，PSI电子积累量上升，RuBP羧化酶活性的下降使PSI 820 nm光吸收量（&DIR/Io）快速降低，PSⅡ与PSI性能下降比率不同，造成两光系统协调性（&P(PSI/PSⅡ)）降低。【结论】Cd抑制叶片Pn由非气孔因素引起。Cd降低羧化系统活性，导致光能转化为化学能过程受阻，使过剩电子大量积累于PSI处；随Cd浓度增加，PSI性能降幅显著高于PSⅡ，二者协调性降低，导致Pn降低。
... PSII反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧的性能很大程度上决定了PSII的整体性能[20,21,22] ...
... PIABS则可以衡量 PSII 整体性能[23] ...
... J点（Vj）荧光的变量可以表明QA的积累量,用于评价PSII电子受体K点的荧光变量（Wk）能够评价放氧复合体系统（OEC）活性被抑制的程度[24,25] ...
Reto J. Strasserf 1,* ,Alaka Srivastava 1 andGovindjee 2
Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, 1254-Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland 2
department of Plant Biology, 265 Morril Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA * &To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract& The variable chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield is known to be related to the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) of oxygen-evolving organisms. The kinetics of the fluorescence rise from the minimum yield, F 0 , to the maximum yield, F m , is a monitor of the accumulation of net reduced primary bound plastoquinone (Q A ) with time in all the PSII centers. Using a shutter-less system (Plant Efficiency Analyzer, Hansatech, UK), which allows data accumulation over several orders of magnitude of time (40 &s to 120 s), we have measured on a logarithmic time scale, for the first time, the complete polyphasic fluorescence rise for a variety of oxygenic plants and cyanobacteria at different light intensities. With increasing light intensity, the fluorescence rise is changed from a typical O-I-P characteristic to curves with two intermediate levels J and I, both of which show saturation at high light intensity but different intensity dependence. Under physiological conditions, Chl a fluorescence transients of all the organisms examined follow the sequence of O-J-I-P. The characteristics of the kinetics with respect to light intensity and temperature suggest that the O-J phase is the photochemical phase, leading to the reduction of Q A to Q A - . The intermediate level I is suggested to be related to a heterogeneity in the filling up of the plastoquinone pool. The P is reached when all the plastoquinone (PQ) molecules are reduced to PQH 2 . The addition of 3-(3&4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea leads to a transformation of the O-J-I-P rise into an O-J rise. The kinetics of O-J-I-P observed here was found to be similar to that of O-I 1 -I 2 -P, reported by Neubauer and Schreiber ( Z. Naturforsch. 42c , , 1987). The biochemical significance of the fluorescence steps O-J-I-P with respect to the filling up of the plastoquinone pool by PSII reactions is discussed.
... J点（Vj）荧光的变量可以表明QA的积累量,用于评价PSII电子受体K点的荧光变量（Wk）能够评价放氧复合体系统（OEC）活性被抑制的程度[24,25] ...
. :null-null
... 比较K和J点相对荧光强度（Wk和Vj）,可显示PSII反应中心电子供/受体侧的性能,是判断PSII反应中心电子传递流畅与否的重要指标之一[26,27] ...
. :null-null
... 比较K和J点相对荧光强度（Wk和Vj）,可显示PSII反应中心电子供/受体侧的性能,是判断PSII反应中心电子传递流畅与否的重要指标之一[26,27] ...
... 是光抑制的位点[28,29,30] ...
Planta. ):287-293
Kintake Sonoike
(1) , Ichiro Terashima (1)
1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113, Tokyo, Japan
It was recently shown that the site of photoinhibition in leaves of Cucumis sativus L. at low temperatures is Photosystem I (PSI), not PSII (I. Terashima et al. 1994, Planta 193 , 300–306). In the present study, the mechanisms of this PSI photoinhibition in vivo were examined. By lowering the photon flux density during the photoinhibitory treatment of leaves at 4°C for 5 h to less than 100 μmol·m -2 s -1 , we were able to separate the steps of the destruction of the electron-transfer components. Although P-700, the reaction-center chlorophyll, was almost intact in this low-light treatment, the quantum yield of the electron transfer through PSI and photochemically induced absorption change at 701 nm were markedly inhibited. This, along with the results from the measurements of the light-induced absorption changes in the presence of various concentrations of methyl viologen, an artificial electron acceptor, indicates that the component on the acceptor side of the PSI, A 1 or F x , is the first site of inactivation. When the photon flux density during the treatment was increased to 220 μmol·m -2 s -1 , the destruction of P-700 itself was also observed. Furthermore, the partial degradation of the chlorophyll-binding large subunits was observed in photoinhibited leaves. This degradation of the subunits was not detected when the treatment was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere, the condition in which the electron transfer is not inhibited. Thus, the photoinhibitory processes in the reaction center of PSI go through three steps, the inactivation of the acceptor side, the destruction of the reaction-center chlorophyll and the degradation of the reaction center subunit(s). The similarities and the differences between the mechanisms of PSI photoinhibition and those of PSII photoinhibition are discussed.
... 是光抑制的位点[28,29,30] ...
研究了盐和强光双重胁迫以及在弱光下恢复对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)光合功能的影响.结果表明,单纯用低浓度盐(200 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫时,对反映PSⅡ光合功能的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP等参数没有什么影响,但已十分明显地抑制光合碳同化能力,而高盐(400 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫损伤PSⅡ功能,从而加剧对碳同化功能的抑制,说明光合作用对不同盐浓度的响应不同.研究结果还表明,盐胁迫能加剧强光对光合功能的损伤,使之受到更加严重的光抑制.在低盐浓度下,光抑制初期形成的QB-非还原性PSⅡ反应中心,在随后的光抑制进程和弱光下恢复期间,能有效的被用来合成有活性的PSⅡ和修复可逆性失活的PSⅡ反应中心.而高盐和强光双重胁迫使PSⅡ遭受严重破坏,QB-非还原性PSⅡ反应中心只有在光抑制初期可部分地用于修复可逆性失活的PSⅡ,随着光抑制的进程,它们不能用于合成有活性PSⅡ和修复受严重破坏的PSⅡ,结果导致它们的含量在弱光下恢复时继续增加.
Abstract：
Effects of photoinhibition and its recovery on photosynthetic functions of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress were studied. The results showed that several parameters associated with PSⅡ functions, e.g. Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm and qP were not influenced by lower salt concentration (200 mmol/L NaCl) while CO2 assimilation rate decreased significantly. When exposed to higher salt concentration (400 mmol/L NaCl), PSⅡ functions were significantly inhibited which led to the decrease of carbon assimilation. These results suggest that different concentrations of salt stress affected photosynthesis by different modes. Salt stress made photosynthesis more sensitive to strong light and led to more serious photoinhibition. Under lower concentration of salt stress, the QB-non-reductive PSⅡ reaction centers formed at the beginning of photoinhibition could be effectively used to compose active PSⅡ reaction center (RC) and repair the reversible inactivated PSⅡ RC. Under higher concentration of salt stress, PSⅡ reaction centers were seriously damaged during photoinhibition, the QB-non-reductive PSⅡ RC could only be partly effective at the early time of photoinhibition, thus led to the accumulation of QB-non-reductive PSⅡ RC in the course of restoration under dim light.
... 是光抑制的位点[28,29,30] ...
光质对玉米叶片光合及光系统性能的影响
[张善平1, 冯海娟1, 马存金1, 李耕1, 刘鹏1, 董树亭1, 赵斌1, 张吉旺1, 杨今胜2]