2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(综合类A+B+C级含答案)-共享资料网
2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(综合类A+B+C级含答案)
2012 年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题综合类 A+B+C 级（含答案） 含答案）全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 综合类 A 级（一）第一部分： 第一部分：词汇选项（第 1~15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项 中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1, His jokes amused the crying baby. A) surprised B) astonished C) delighted D) erntertained 2, The two firms merged last year. A) divert B) integrated C) close D) unified 3, His speciality is English literature. A) weakness B) virtue C) field D) purpose 4, She pondered his marriage proposal for weeks. A) meditated B) refused C) planned D) calculated 5, They plunged into their work with immense zeal. A) medium B) large C) intense D) great 6, Don’t irritate her. She is on a short fuse today. A) bothered B) aroused C) angered D) pleased 7, Oil and water do not blend. A) mix B) addC) cover D) strangely formed 8, The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light. A) vast B) abundant C) additional D) minor 9, Pride spurs him to work hard. A) causes B) urges C) inspires D) prevents 10, The bad weather will persist all over the country. A) fade B) disappear C) vanish D) continue 11, Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee’s valuable time. A) took B) saved C) wasted D) exhausted 12, Old people don’t like to vary their habits. A) keep B) change C) update D) decelerate 13, We visited the magnificent cathedral. A) typical B) interesting C) glorious D) desperate 14, The fall of prices is consequent on the rise in production. A) reasonable B) satisfactory C) annoying D) subsequent 15, His senses and reasons inhibited his wrong desires or impulses. A) encouraged B) developed C) prohibited D) cheered第二部分： 第二部分：阅读判断（第 16~22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供 的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑；如果该2句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。 Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows US to point at things on the computer and it is very productive．Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting， drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel．Most of US use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，So the mouse is a very natural pointing device． Other computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens， but the mouse is still our workhorse． The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University．As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful．The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work? we have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now．It all starts with the mouse ball．As me mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts．The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them．The wheels have a pair of small electronic light―emitting devices called light―emitting diodes(LED) mounted on either side．One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place．The LED detect a changing pattern of fight，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body． This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name．The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the Cursor on the computer screen． So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used．One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt．Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts． 16, Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 17, According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 18, The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 19, The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A) Right3B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 20, When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 21, The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 22, The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no voving parts. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned第三部分： 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23~30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2，3，5， 6 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成 每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Waste Not，Want Not ， 1 Bob and Clara Darlington， who own and run a farm in the North of England， have alwayslooked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow．Their SUCCESS began when theyestablished a shop on their farm，so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly fromthem． 2 The business was an immediate SUCCESS，and soon scored top marks in a competition set upby the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country．The Association's inspectorsfound the Darlingtons'shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit andvegetable． 3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and， addition to a range of home-grown foods andother local produce， in she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself inthe farmhouse kitchen．A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added，with everything thatvisitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop． 4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive，and she has worked very hard，butmaintains that if the product is good， public recognize this and buy it． aim to offer the highestquality to our customers， the &I whether they come in for a loaf of bread， take a whole dinner-partymenu． take it as a compliment(恭维)if people take or I home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves．& 5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop．Clara，not wishing to see themget thrown away，decided to turn them into soup． 6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now producesten different varieties．She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail，doing presentations of the soups． a result， As they are now served in first-class railway restaurant carsbelonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores． 23.Paragraph 2_______________． 24. Paragraph 3________________．425. Paragraph 4______________． 26. Paragraph 5____________． A．Time well spent is rewarded B．Professional recognition is obtained C．A necessary alternative to farming D．Professional skills are exploited E．Continuing investment in high standards F．Ensuring that nothing gets wasted 27. Bob an Clara Darlington established a shop to____________． 28. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables，the couple____________． 29. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away，the couple__________． 30. Clara spent much of the summer going to London to____________． A．sell fresh vegetables B．sell as much as possible C．offer a variety of prepared meals D．turn them into soup第四部分： 第四部分：阅读理解（第 31~45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其 后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Pop Music in Africa 第一篇 Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today. Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric' s most popular song, “Land of ‘ A Little Something'” is about Kenya' s problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live. Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1. Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment． He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment2. One of South Africa' s most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African5languages and a new pop style called kwaito. In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world. 31, This passage is about how African pop music is________. A) usually about love and romance B) more serious than most pop music C) popular with young people in Africa D) mostly written just for entertainment 32, For people outside of Africa, African pop music is________. A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interesting C) entirely strange to them D) both familiar and different 33, The musicians mentioned in this passage all________. A) write about serious problems B) studied in the United States C) lost their homes at a young age D) write songs in a new pop style 34, Eric Wainaina________. A) prefers to sing in English B) listened to traditional music C) studied music in Boston D) performs only in the United States 35, Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problems of women partly because________. A) she has had a difficult life herself B) there are many problems in Tanzania C) she has had an easy life herself D) there are no other women singers Road Trip Vacations 第二篇 It's summer. In the United States, it's the season of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips. Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the country on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money. &Ever since I went to college, I've been traveling around a lot, exploring the country,& said Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins and his friends have spent weekends traveling in New England. The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. &On a road trip, if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore.& Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. &With road trips you don't have to plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive.& Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a round trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars. Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved, cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities. By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up everywhere making long distance trips easier.6Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the world. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census. Though many college students don't own a car, most have access to one. On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van. Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring break. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katrina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots. Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more eventful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizzard and shivering in the -25°cold. To find their hotel, they turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage. &I know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that.& 36, Who are road trip vacations especially popular with？ A College students who like to travel on wheels. B Teachers who have plenty of free time but little money C Volunteers who want to help rebuild New Orleans. D Americans who have no cars. 37, What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip？ A He will turn back. B He will drive around. C He will stop to explore. D He will stop exploring. 38, When did motels suddenly appear everywhere？ A After the work to build the interstate highway system started. B When driving trips became popular. C After many roads were paved. D After new cars were made. 39, Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orlends？ A Eventful. B Colorful. C Delightful. D Unforgettable 40, The word “blizzard” in paragraph 12 could be best replaced by A snow storm. B hurricane. C mist. D fog Why So Many Children第三篇In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth rate―from 3. 0 to 7. 0children per woman. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have many so children? Why don't they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this. One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an7industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children
instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War II, Italy' s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world' s lowest. However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7. 0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth. Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions． 3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success. 41,In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family ＿＿. A) can be an advantage B) may limit income C) isn't necessary D) is expensive 42,When countries become industrialized, ________. A) families often become larger B) the birth rate generally goes down C) women usually decide not have a family D) the population generally grows rapidly 43,According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an________. A) agricultural country with a high birth rate B) agricultural country with a low birth rate C) industrialized country with a low birth rate D) industrialized country with a high birth rate 44,Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that________. A) the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy B) factors other than the economy influence birth rate C) women who have a high income usually have few children D) the birth rate depends on per capita income 45,In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government________. A) is not concerned about the status of women B) has tried to industrialize the country rapidly C) does not allow women to work outside the home8D) has tried to improve the condition of women第五部分： 第五部分：补全短文（第 46~50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文字，将 其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 My Life at Renda I learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from being a teacher at Renmin University. ________ (46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students examined my big nose, while I was writing my name on the blackboard. At Iowa, when my first classes began, half of my students still hadn't arrived. When everyone finally found a seat, ringing cell-phones and loud yawns (哈欠) interrupted my opening remarks. It is not that American students were disrespectful. ________ (47) They were, however, far more skeptical than the students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldn't fault them for their skepticism. Under-graduates at large US universities especially freshmen and sophomores - often have several classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases, the TA sets the course content. ________ (48) Most have good intentions, but very few are as effective as professors. Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - no matter what the culture. Students who talk during lectures, students who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job. ________ (49) The difference, I think, is that in the US I had to swallow more of my pride. ________ (50) I had a responsibility to teach them, of course, but I had to do so indirectly -as a guide who himself had a few things to learn from the students. A In my students' minds, I had little to offer them, except perhaps some sample questions for the mid-term exam. B In others, the TA works as a grader and discussion leader C I encountered these in China, and I faced them in the US D On the other hand, being taught by a graduate student is not necessarily bad. E Most were polite, or at least, indifferent F Back at Renda, I had walked into my first classes feeling like a celebrity第六部分： 第六部分：完形填空（第 51~65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个选项中选 择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the 51 of the day. In Britain 52 have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking 53 of this research is that school meals are much 54 than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict 55 for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of 56, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or 57. Lunchboxes 58 by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as 59 sugar as they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better 60 of why the percentage of 61 students in Britain has increased in the9last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise parents, but it can 62 them of the 63 value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children’s diet can 64 their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating 65 at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it. 51. A morning B middle C evening D night 52. A schools B the government C hospitals D restaurants 53. A number B finding C figure D factor 54. A more helpful B more available C worse D healthier 55. A procedures B conditions C ways D standards 56. A fruit B noodle C vegetables D rice 57. A pork B yogurt C pasta D orange 58. A examined B found C taken D investigated 59. A amount B much C more D less 60. A view B knowledge C understanding D opinion 61. A thin B older C overweight D fat 62. A tell B inform C remind D appreciate 63. A healthy B positive C good D nutritional 64. A diet B style C food D habit 65. A styles B attitudes C habits D behaviors参考答案： 参考答案：一。词汇选项：DBCAD CABBD ABCDC 二。阅读判断：BCAA BCA 三。概完：AFEB CDA 四。阅读理解：BDACA ACADA ABCBD 五。补全短文：FEBCA 六。完形填空：BBDAA BACCA AADDA全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 综合类 A 级（二）第一部分： 第一部分：词汇选项（第 1~15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项 中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1, He made a very witty remark. A) ugly B) honorable C) smart D) popular 2, The manager asked the secretary to duplicate the document. A) purchase B) copy C) rewrite D) borrow 3, She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments.10A) detect B) supervise C) examine D) rally 4, Let’s postulate that she is a doctor. A) hope B) estimate C) assume D) regard 5, It is absurd that they deny my request. A) unreasonable B) interesting C) difficult D) humorous 6, She knew how to adapt herself. A) change B) avoid C) enforce D) adjust 7, Her speech evoked a great anger. A) provoked B) lead C) generated D) predicted 8, The copy he made of the painting can pass for an authentic one. A) loyal B) genuine C) sinere D) faithful 9, The letter puzzled me. A) delighted B) saddened C) confused D) surprised 10, He climbed into the car at the hazard of his life. A) risk B) evidence C) approval D) negotiation 11, Terry Street was demolished a few years ago. A) fallen down B) torn down C) settle down D) cut down 12, The robbery put the village in a turmoil. A) outrage B) endeavor C) insulation11D) disturbance 13, He was irritated by their perpetual complaints. A) energetic B) resentful C) everlasting D) monotonous 14, Most clocks and watches in this shop are in luminous paint. A) glowing B) colorful C) dramatic D) gorgeous 15, These are the major and minor premises on which the conclusion is based. A) condition B) practice C) basic D) assumption第二部分： 第二部分：阅读判断（第 16~22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供 的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑；如果该 句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。 Keep on Fighting Turning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled the imaginations of many continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice, the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherous man oeuvre. I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye. We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty's government - every man of them. That is the will of parliament and the nation. The British empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shal we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps12forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old. 16, Throughout Britain's history, there has been no guarantee that an invasion would not happen． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 17, Napoleon and his army once crossed the English Channel and Conquered Britain． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 18, The enemy will use every means conceivable to destroy Britain． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 19, Churchill is confident that he will live longer than Hitler． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 20, The Royal air Force will launch massive air strikes against the Germans. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 21, The British Empire is so strong that it does not have to take Hitler's menace seriously． A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 22, Although many countries have been overrun by the Germans, the British people will never give in. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23~30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2，3，5， 6 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成 每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Washoe Learned American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe’s progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?” Once13the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe’s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure ― Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 23. Paragraph 1______ 24. Paragraph 2______ 25. Paragraph 3______ 26. Paragraph 4______ A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays B Report about Washoe’s Progress in Learning Sign Language C General Information about Washoe D The Gardeners’ Contributions Recognized E Debate on Chimps’ Intelligence F Washoe’s Love for Three Young Chimps 27. Washoe could make signs to communicate______. 28. Some scientists doubted______. 29. Washoe thought three younger chimps sign language______. 30.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent______. A If the Gardeners’ argument was sound B because she was cleverer than other chimps C when she wanted to eat D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E Because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F while Washoe was learning sign language第四部分： 第四部分：阅读理解（第 31~45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其 后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Going Her Own Way 第一篇 When she was twelve, Mafia made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria ― or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the “classical”14schools and the “technical” schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modem languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2. Most people ― including Maria' s father ― believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father' s approval. She finally did, with her mother' s help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria' s father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti”in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modem subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 31, Maria wanted to attend________. A) private “finishing” school B) school with Latin and Greek C) technical high school D) school for art and music 32, In those days, most Italian girls________. A) went to classical schools B) went to “finishing” schools C) did not go to high school D) went to technical schools 33, You can infer from this passage that________. A) girls usually attended private primary schools B) only boys usually attended technical schools C) girls did not like going to school D) only girls attended classical schools 34, Maria' s father probably________. A) had very modern views about women B) had very traditional views about women C) had no opinion about women D) thought women could not learn Latin 35, High school teachers in Italy in those days were________. A) very modern B) very intelligent C) quite scientific D) quite strict Spoilt for Choice 第二篇 Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can15have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision ? making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5. The main impact of endless choice in people ? s lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied. It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety. The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work ― a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening. 36, What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph? A) The former is a right while the latter is not. B) The latter has more impact on life. C) The former may happen for many times in life. D) The latter requires a fee. 37, When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice? A) Give up. B) Walk away. C) Buy an unsuitable item. D) Seek advice. 38, Why do products have short lifespan nowadays? A) They are more often replaced with better ones. B) They have worse quality. C) They have too many versions. D) Computer technology advances too fast. 39, How does migration differ from the past? A) People now migrate across the whole earth. B) People now migrate for better life. C) People now have more choice about where to migrate. D) People now migrate for better environment. 40, Which is the best summary of the writer's attitude towards choice in a commercial society? A) More choice, more anxiety. B) Better more choice than no choice.16C) Better no choice than more choice. D) All choice is not easy. Narrow Escape 第三篇 We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. 1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure. For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder. 2Then came a shout. “Cailloux! Cailloux!” I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from. There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-humhum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rockfall. “Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet” , he told us. “Face in, always face in. ” I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack. 3 I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they' 11 be crushed flat if it hits them, and never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby. “Are you all right? That went straight through you. ” The rock had passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went. Toby and I spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn't leapt sideways, what if I'd been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it. 41, Why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning? A) It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather. B) The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes. C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous. D) They wouldn't be able to walk on the melting ice. 42, The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is________. A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you B) that it allows people climbing above you to push off C) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure D) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain 43, What is likely to be the meaning of “Cailloux” ? A) Rocks are flying through the air. B) Rocks are falling. C) There are loose rocks on the ground ahead.17D) There are rocks everywhere. 44, What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? A) He didn't keep his “face in”. B) Not every climber wears a helmet. C) It is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall. D) Being hit by a rock isn't “pleasant” at all. 45, In what sense was Toby “safe”? A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks. B) He felt a hand on his shoulder. C) His rucksack was protected. D) He had hidden under a canopy.第五部分： 第五部分：补全短文（第 46~50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文字，将 其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 I Know Just How You Feel Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _________(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _________(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions. The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an &emotion& _________(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from&afraid& to &wanting&. Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _________(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. & It was really clear when the actors had got it right,& says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD.& Although they were given some direstion,& says Ms Collis, & the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. & _________(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called & action units&. These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture. B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective. C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions.18D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it. E. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by &I feel& &he looks& or&she sounds&. F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it whould have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this.第六部分： 第六部分：完形填空（第 51~65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个选项中选 择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons but another 51 was the need to keep out anyone 52 as undesirable, like people with contagious 53. The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of London ? s gates was 54 a century ago, but by a 55 of luck, it was never destroyed. This gate is, in actual 56, not
its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary 57 the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in 58 because its design was 59 it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the 60. The Temple Bar Trust was 61 in the 1970 ? s with the intention of returning the gate home. The 62 of the Trust is the preservation of the nation ? s 63 heritage. Transporting the gate will mean 64 pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul ? s Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced, though there is a good 65 that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate. 51 A.reasons B.grounds C.cause D.factor 52 A.think B.regarded C.such D.seem 53 A.injuries B.symptoms C.colds D.diseases 54 A.missing B.destroyed C.removed D.lost 55 A.wave B.stroke C.hit D.blow 56 A.end B.beginning C.fact D.theory 57 A.in B.at C.on D.between 58 A.storage B.store C.storing D.stock 59 A.unfashionable B.unbearable C.unavailable D.unrealistic 60 A.river B.light C.traffic D.flow 61 A.set out B.set up C.set off D.set back 62 A.reason B.aim C.factor D.condition 63 A.historical B.artificial C.literature D.architectural 64 A.actually B.really C.physically D.practically 65 A.opportunity B.possibility C.chance D.capacity参考答案： 参考答案：一。词汇选项：CBBCA DABCA BDCAC 二。阅读判断：ABACC BA 三。概完：CBEAC ADE 四。阅读理解：CCBBD BDACA CABDA19五。补全短文：BFEAD 六。完形填空：BDBAC CABAB ADADB全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 综合类 B 级（一）第一部分： 第一部分：词汇选项（第 1~15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项 中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1．America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A) encouraged B) endangered C) endorsed D) enlarged 2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War. A) baggage B )orphanage C)reportage D) usage 3. Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. A) inadequately B) hardly C) faintly D) sufficiently 4. &I’m not meddling &. Mary said mildly. &I’m just curious&. A) gently B )shyly C) weakly D) sweetly 5. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. A) strange B) certain C) inconsistent D) proper 6. Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, disappointed people. A) solitary B) gloomy C) feeble D) frugal 7. The workers finally called off the strike. A) put off B) ended C) cancelled D) participated in208. John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting . A) wanted B) promised C) decided D) agreed 9. I catch cold now and then. A) always B) occasionally C ) constantly D) regularly 10. He often finds fault with my work. A) criticizes B) praises C) evaluates D) talks about 11. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she across the street. A) understood B) had a hold over C) took hold of D) left hold of 12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. A) thought B) mind C) account D) memory 13. I can no longer tolerate his actions. A) put up with B) accept C) take D) suffer from 14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. A) left B) given up C) turned down D) refused 15. Have you talked to her lately? A) lastlly B) shortly C) recently D) immediately第二部分： 第二部分：阅读判断（第 16~22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供 的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑；如果该 句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。 Computer Mouse21The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows US to point at things on the computer and it is very productive．Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting， drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel．Most of US use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it． we learn to point at things before we learn to speak， the mouse is a very natural pointing device． So Other computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse． The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University．As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful．The introduction of the mouse， with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983， really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work? we have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now．It all starts with the mouse ball．As me mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts．The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them．The wheels have a pair of small electronic light―emitting devices called light―emitting diodes(LED) mounted on either side．One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place．The LED detect a changing pattern of fight，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，andsends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body．This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name．The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the Cursor on the computer screen． So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used．One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt．Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts． 16．Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17．According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18．The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse． A．Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19．The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20．When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one? A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21．The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no voving parts.22A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第三部分： 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23~30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2，3，5，6 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每 个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Washoe Learned American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe’s progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?” Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe’s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure ― Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 练习： 23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays B Report about Washoe’s Progress in Learning Sign Language C General Information about Washoe D The Gardeners’ Contributions Recognized E Debate on Chimps’ Intelligence F Washoe’s Love for Three Young Chimps2327. Washoe could make signs to communicate 28. Some scientists doubted ..29. Washoe thought three younger chimps sign language 30. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent A If the Gardeners’ argument was sound B C D because she was cleverer than other chimps when she wanted to eat while she was at a research center in Ellensburg ..E Because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F while Washoe was learning sign language第四部分：阅读理解（第 31~45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分） 第四部分：下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其 后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Family 第一篇 The structure of a family takes different forms around the word and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not
they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility. The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time, the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions. 31. Another good title for this passage would be________ A) What Makes a Family? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship. D) The Failure of the Nuclear Family. 32. A nuclear family is defined as________.24A) a married couple with their minor children B) a single father with minor children C) parents, grandparents, and children D) parents, children, and aunts and uncles 33. The information in this passage would most likely be found in________. A) an anthropology textbook B) a biology textbook C) a mathematics textbook D) a geography textbook 34. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through________. A) listing statistics B) telling a story C) pointing out similarities D) pointing out differences 35. The word mobility means________. A) money B) readiness to move C) organization D) skill Tales of the Terrible Past 第二篇 It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner, storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view. Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel, a former slave called Sethe, lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War, but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences, the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantat the fate of her husband, who
and finally, what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners． Charles Johnson's Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different, yet no less violent, vantage point. His main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is a ne'er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its “cargo”. Put to work after he is discovered, Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship, he finds himself in the middle ― and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are. Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read, but both exemplify African American writers' attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience. 练习： 36. This passage is mostly about________. A) the causes of slavery in America B) black writers in the late 20th century C) why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did D) two novels that deal with slavery 37. Beloved is set________. A) on a slave ship B) on a plantation before the Civil War C) in Ohio after the Civil War25D) in an African town 38. The writer seems to feel that________. A) everyone should read Morrison's and Johnson's novels B) the books are worthwhile but challenging C) black writers should ignore racial issues D) we will repeat the past if we don't learn about it 39. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their________. A) use of flashbacks B) treatment of women C) criticism of whites D) portrayal of violence 40. The word appalling means________. A) terrible B ) surprising C) guilty D) unrealistic Seein